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1
Gommans, Jos. „Trade and Civilization around the Bay of Bengal, c. 1650–1800“. Itinerario 19, Nr. 3 (November 1995): 82–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300021331.
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About seven years ago the journalItinerarioissued a special volume on theAncien Régimein India and Indonesia that carried the papers presented at the third Cambridge-Leiden-Delhi-Yogyakarta conference. The aim of the conference was a comparative one in which state-formation, trading net-works and socio-political aspects of Islam were the major topics. Thumbing through the pages of this issue (while preparing this essay) I had the impression that the results of the conference went beyond its initial comparative goals. Directly or indirectly, several papers stressed that during the early-modern phase India and Indonesia were still part of a cultural continuum that was only gradually broken up by the ongoing process of European expansion during the nineteenth century. It appeared that even after the earlier course of so-called ‘Indianisation’ – a designation that unjustly conveys an Indian ‘otherness’ – India and the Archipelago shared many characteristics, especially in terms of their political and religious orientation. More importantly, these shared traits were shaped by highly mobile groups of traders, pilgrims and courtiers who criss-crossed the Bay of Bengal, traversing both the lands above and below the winds.
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Tsvetkova, Nina. „MODEL OF RUSSIAN CULTURE IN S.P. SHEVYREV’S WORKS OF EARLY 1840'S“. Literaturovedcheskii Zhurnal, Nr. 1 (2022): 32–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/litzhur/2022.55.02.
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The article deals with the civilizational approach of S.P. Shevyrev to the history and culture of Russia. In his works the philosopher and critic analyzes Russian history, literature and education in comparison with Western European ones, and comes to the conclusion about their distinctive character. The scholar considers the main task of his time to create a model of national culture, whose scope includes not only creativity, but also “spiritual production”: state and family upbringing and education. In this he supports the theory of “official nationality” by S.S. Uvarov. He assigns Pushkin and Gogol an important role in the education of the Russian man, not accepting the St Petersburg “industrial literature” by Belinsky, Bulgarin, Grech and opposing them his educational projects in the magazine “Moskvityanin”. The conclusion is that Shevyrev’s model of culture corresponds to N.Y. Danilevsky’s theory of cultural and historical types.
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Abdul Malik, Mohd Puaad, Faisal @. Ahmad Faisal Abdul Hamid und Rahimin Affandi Abdul Rahim. „Analyse Malay Fiqh Works Writing 1600-1800“. Al-Muqaddimah: Online journal of Islamic History and Civilization 6, Nr. 2 (31.12.2018): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/muqaddimah.vol6no2.6.
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In essence, this article will focus on the subject classical Malay fiqh works 1600-1800. Classical Malay fiqh works are Malay intellectual works produced by Malay Muslim scholars in various topics of Islamic law including worship (ibadah), commercial transaction law (muamalah), family law (munakahat) and others. This fiqh Malay work played an important role in Malay society at the beginning of Islamic development in the Malay world. It is a means of communication, scientific knowledge or developmental science. The premise of this article analyzes the writing of fiqh works that developed in the early days of the great intellectual nature of the Malay world. There are features of fiqh writing in the year 1600 and it is different from the features of fiqh writing in 1700 and 1800. The discussion of this writing includes the difference between the writing text and the style of writing fiqh and being reviewed from various scopes, items and writing features. The method of analysis used is the method of historiography or historicalism which examines the development of an idea. Facts obtained will be thoroughly screened using the Malay induction history approach. Research shows that the earliest classic Malay fiqh writing has its own identity and superiority and is a Malay intellectual work.
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Špelda, Daniel. „Kepler in the Early Historiography of Astronomy (1615–1800)“. Journal for the History of Astronomy 48, Nr. 4 (November 2017): 381–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828617740948.
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This article discusses the reception of Kepler’s work in the earliest interpretations of the history of astronomy, which appeared in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The focus is not on the reception of Kepler’s work among astronomers themselves but instead on its significance for the history of science as seen by early historians of mathematics and astronomy. The first section discusses the evaluation of Kepler in the so-called “Prefatory Histories” of astronomy that appeared in various astronomical works during the seventeenth century. In these, Kepler was considered mainly to be the person who brought the work of Tycho Brahe to completion, rather than an original astronomer. The second section is devoted to the evaluation of Kepler in interpretations of the history of astronomy that appeared in the eighteenth century (often as part of the history of mathematics). In these works, Kepler is regarded as a genius who deserves tremendous credit for the advancement of the human spirit. Both sections also devote attention to Copernicus and Tycho Brahe because this facilitates the explanation of how Kepler’s contribution was judged. By studying the reception of Johannes Kepler’s work, we may gain greater insight into the transition from a cyclical perception of the history of science to the progressive model.
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Pertev, Ramazan. „The Effect of Modernism on The Early Works of The Kurdish and Turkish Folklore“. Humanities Journal of University of Zakho 4, Nr. 1 (30.06.2016): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2016.4.1.200.
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In the research the struggle of the Kurdish and Turkish folklore is historical. By history we mean second half of 19th and 20th century. In this research we would like to emphasize the effect of the modernism on the Kurdish and Turkish folklore. As it is know the folklore is a research ground for the concept of ‘Language’, ‘nationality’, homeland’, and ‘civilization’ for western Ottoman Empire educators. We are all affected by modernism. In this framework we will shed the light on the comparison between the Kurdish and Turkish folklore, this is why the work in this research has been evaluated in a chronological way. In this research we did not want to do study the effects of the modernism on both Kurdish and Turkish folklore or to evaluate their struggle in this matter .It is clear that there is a parallel understanding and struggle from both sides. That is why the demand of a an original language, national authority, independent country, and western civilizationis the main goal of that era. This is why understanding and struggle in many ways are opposing each other. Because in the Ottoman Empire Turkish were the dominant nationality, they were influenced by the western civilization before others. This is why we can that the western civilization reached other by the means of the Turkish educators
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Wojtaszek, Piotr. „Konserwatywna konceptualizacja. O wczesnej twórczości Szczepana Twardocha“. Konteksty Kultury 20, Nr. 4 (2023): 480–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23531991kk.23.038.18841.
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Conservative conceptualization. On the early works of Szczepan Twardoch The article attempts to synthesize the conservative views of Szczepan Twardoch from the early period of his work and to present their sources as well as the reasons for the later, radical change. The writer was inspired by conservative thinkers during his studies, mainly in the context of the French Revolution history. Under their influence, he began to contest development direction of the European civilization. His works from this period contain themes of the end of civilization, the fall of Christianity, and the struggle to preserve the cultural status quo. He also referenced the current political situation in Poland and the writers and philosophers representing a similar line of thought, primarily Joseph de Maistre and Ernst Junger. Intellectual maturing and the related aversion to dogmatism caused him to reject conservative views.
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Bria, Jasmine. „At the Edge of the World. Geographical Location, Englishness and Monstrosity“. LEA - Lingue e Letterature d'Oriente e d'Occidente 12 (23.12.2023): 401–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/lea-1824-484x-14923.
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Monstrosity is a constant presence in Old English literature. In particular, Wonders of the East depicts everything that was perceived as strange, significantly located in the East, displaying a Mediterranean-centric perspective where Europe works as the ideal centre of the cosmos. Early English Medieval people adopted this notion, which, however, seems to consign the island to the margins of civilization. This paper investigates how the position of Britain at the border of the map impacted the perceived degree of civilization of the Early Medieval English people and how their geographical location might have imbued the idea of Englishness with monstrosity.
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Kasimov, Ruslan Kh. „Nation and Civilization: The Classical Distinctions“. Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences 22, Nr. 5 (15.12.2022): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v226.
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The theory of nation and the theory of civilization attract considerable attention in the field of political and social sciences as well as in philosophy. However, the categories of nation and civilization are usually regarded separately, due to the fact that these two approaches have developed independently. Key thinkers of the theory of nation, as a rule, either ignore the category of civilization or give it only formal attention. The leading figures of the theory of civilization, on the contrary, could not but consider the distinction between nation and civilization. It should be noted that the concept of civilization could only be constructed proceeding from the category of nation, which had acquired a normative status in the social disciplines as early as in the 19th century. This article dwells on the distinction between nation and civilization in the works of the classical theorists of civilization, namely, O. Spengler, A. Toynbee and S. Huntington. In spite of the fact that all of the above authors make this differentiation, it is only in the works of Toynbee and Huntington that nation and civilization are presented as commensurable. Toynbee distinguishes nation and civilization as a part and as a whole, recognizing the subjectivity of civilization. Huntington proposes a hybrid differentiation that both preserves the qualities of the classical theory of civilization and includes elements of constructivism. The latter forms the basis for non-classical theories of civilization, such as G. Therborn’s concept. The non-classical approach allows us to draw not only a quantitative, but also a qualitative distinction between nations and civilizations: while nation-states arise as a result of a break with the past and develop within the framework of modernity, civilizations continue and restore the tradition.
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Maulana, Indra Maulana Indra. „Sejarah Karya-Karya Intelektual Muslim dan Pranata/Lembaga Sosial“. Journal of Indonesian History 11, Nr. 2 (01.12.2023): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jih.v11i2.74731.
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This article explains the history of intellectual works produced by the Muslim community throughout the centuries and their relationship to social institutions or institutions in Islamic civilization. The main focus of the research is to reveal how Muslim intellectual thought has made a significant contribution to the development of social institutions in various historical contexts. This article includes an analysis of intellectual works related to law, ethics, education, and social order, and identifies their impact on Muslim society. Through a comprehensive literature review, this article examines the development of intellectualism in the Islamic tradition from early times to the modern era. Additionally, this article highlights the role of famous figures in the history of Islamic thought and the way their concepts have shaped social institutions such as the sharia legal system, educational institutions, and the social structure of Muslim societies. This research also highlights the contribution of Muslim intellectuals to the development of science and technology, which in turn influences social institutions and the development of civilization in the Islamic world. Through a deeper understanding of the history of Muslim intellectual works, this article aims to provide insight into how intellectualism and social institutions are interrelated in the context of Islamic civilization. In conclusion, this article considers the important role of Muslim intellectual works in shaping social institutions and institutions in the Islamic world throughout its history. Understanding this relationship can provide a better perspective on how Islamic intellectualism played a role in directing social, legal, and ethical developments in Muslim civilization.
Keywords: Muslim Intellectuals, Muslim Intellectual Works.
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Bowers, Katherine. „Ghost Writers: Radcliffiana and the Russian Gothic Wave“. Victorian Popular Fictions Journal 3, Nr. 2 (17.12.2021): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46911/tvct9530.
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Ann Radcliffe’s novels were extremely popular in early nineteenth-century Russia. Publication of her work in Russian translation propelled the so-called gothic wave of 1800-10. Yet, many of the works Radcliffe was known for in Russia were not written by her; rather, they were works by others that were attributed to Radcliffe. This article traces the publication and translation histories of Radcliffiana on the Russian book market of 1800-20. Building on JoEllen DeLucia’s concept of a “corporate Radcliffe” in the anglophone world, this article proposes a Russian corporate Radcliffe. Identifying, classifying, and analysing the provenance of Russian corporate Radcliffe works reveals insight into the transnational circulation of texts and the role of copyright law within it, the nature of the early nineteenth-century Russian book market, the rise of popular reading and advertising in Russia, and the gendered nature of critical discourse at this time. The Russian corporate Radcliffe assures the legacy and influence of Radcliffe in later Russian literature and culture, although a Radcliffe that represents much more than just the English author. Exploring the Russian corporate Radcliffe expands our understanding of early nineteenth-century Russian literary history through specific case studies that demonstrate the significant role played by both women writers and translation, an aspect of this history that is often overlooked.
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Sokolovsky, Vasily. „The oldest civilization in South America? Phenomenon of Norte Chico: approaches and research problems“. Latinskaia Amerika, Nr. 2 (2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044748x0018354-8.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of approaches to the study of Norte Chico culture (3000 – 1800 BC) located in in the north of the central part of the Pacific coast of Republic of Peru. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of paleoeconomic processes and politogenesis in the Late Preceramic Period of Peru to determine the nature of the origin of early civilizations in the region. Substantiates compliance paleoeconomic model Norte Chico atypical way "Neolithic revolution" in the region and offers a hypothesis about the characteristics of the type of political organization. The article substantiates the correspondence of the Norte-Chico paleoeconomic model to the atypical way "Neolithic revolution" in the region and offers a hypothesis about the characteristics of the type of political organization.
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Zhao, Fu Long, Yong Tian, Qing Ping Li und Xiao Li Wang. „Research on Template Concrete Board Security of Early Removal Connection Attached Support-System“. Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.367.
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The template support-system projects not only need to complete the range of quality optimization in one construction work, but also to make one of the sound security work. Installation and removal of template support-system are the largest amount of labor. To seek the template works rationalization and reduce the cost of the template works, it is an important way to save a lot of labor and reduce the cost of concrete structure. Therefore, how to improve the template engineering design and its production, installation, operation and removal efficacy effectively and make further reform of the template project for improving the quality of the project are of great significance in the construction of civilization.
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Razdyakonov, Vladislav S. „MARTIAN THEME IN RUSSIAN MODERN SPIRITUALISM MOVEMENT IN THE LATE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES“. Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics 5, Nr. 3 (2022): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2022-5-3-63-79.
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The paper investigates spiritualistic perception of Mars by Russian spiritualists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It determines historical and cultural specificity of spiritualist attitude to Mars and its Russian background enrooted in the orthodox tradition. The paper overviews popular scientific concepts, which made probable the existence of a highly developed civilization on Mars; it indicates the authoritative spiritual works, which influenced the interest of Russian spiritualists to cosmological problems; it reveals spiritualistic interpretation of spirit messages about the existence of a highly developed civilization on Mars; it considers the cosmological Martian theme in the works of Russian spiritualist I.A. Karyshev. The author argues that the interest in Mars should be explained by the similar nature of epistemological problems encountered by both spiritualists and astronomers. Elusiveness of natural phenomena in positivistic age was the reason that secured Mars a certain place in popular scientific, artistic and spiritualist literature. Аlthough the fideistic view was common among spiritualists, the author claims, that some of them argued for the need to demythologize the spirit messages. I.A. Karyshev’s cosmological system is of interest to the historian of religion as an example of spiritualist construction of Russian planetary utopia and can rightfully take its place in the history of Russian utopian literature.
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Rhee, Jooyeon. „Making Sense of Fiction: Social and Political Functions of Serialized Fiction in the Daily News (Maeil sinbo) in 1910s Korea“. Journal of Korean Studies 22, Nr. 1 (01.03.2017): 227–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21581665-4153385.
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Abstract Modern Korean newspapers played a decisive role in transforming the Korean fiction genre in the early twentieth century―a transformation that was carried out in two distinctively different cultural and political environments. In the 1900s, reform-minded Korean intellectuals translated and authored fictional works in newspapers primarily as a way to instigate Koreans to participate in the nation-building process during the Patriotic Enlightenment movement (Aeguk kyemong undong) period. When Japan annexed Korea in 1910, the Daily News (Maeil sinbo) continually used fiction as a vehicle to deliver the colonial government’s assimilation policy, that is, to raise Korea’s socioeconomic and cultural status, with the aim of civilizing the society. The rhetoric of civilization is a common feature in fictional works produced during the period. However, what characterized the works serialized in Maeil sinbo was their increasing focus on individual desire and domestic affairs, which manifested itself in the form of courtship and familial conflicts. The confrontation between private desire and family relationships in these fictional works represented the prospect of higher education and economic equity while invoking emotional responses to the contradictory social reality of colonial assimilation in the portrayal of domestic issues in fiction. Looking at Maeil sinbo and its serialization of fiction not as a fixed totality of the Japanese imperial force but as a discursive space where contradicting views on civilization were formed, this paper scrutinizes emotional renderings of individuality and domesticity reflected in Maeil sinbo’s serialized fiction in the early 1910s.
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Ståhle Sjönell, Barbro. „Det tidiga 1800-talets svenska novellistik“. Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 43, Nr. 2 (01.01.2013): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v43i2.10840.
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Swedish Short Stories in the Early 19th Century. Publication and Subgenres
The present study of Swedish short stories published between the years 1810 and 1829 illustrates that authors representing the Romantic Movement made special efforts to put the short story on the market. At V. F. Palmblad’s publishing house, German contemporary short stories were translated and distributed, later followed by Swedish contributions to the genre, which appeared primarily in literary magazines. Only a small number of short stories were published over the course of these 19 years, and the means of publication varied. Out of 45 works found in the catalogues of the National Library of Sweden, 27 are published separately, while 14 are published in periodicals or newspapers and two in anthologies (one of which is a frame story and the other a modern collection). Authors connected to the Romantic school introduced two new varieties of short story: the exotic story and the fantastic story. The pre-existing subgenres included, for instance: adventures, satirical or comic stories, stories of family life, travel stories and historical short stories. Among these, the historical story was the only subgenre to be printed separately. Characteristic for the short story is its ability to be inserted into many different kinds of publications. Another result of the study is the discovery of the ease with which a short story may be transferred from one form of publication to another. For instance, the short story may originate as part of a novel, only to turn into a separate work in its own right. Alternatively, it may develop as a serial story in a newspaper and go on to be printed separately, and later appear in a publishing house series or in a volume of selected works. This adaptive, or transferable, quality should be included in the ongoing discussion pertaining to the definition of the short story.
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Vogler, Nikolai, Kartik Goyal, Kishore PV Reddy, Elizaveta Pertseva, Samuel V. Lemley, Christopher N. Warren, Max G'Sell und Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick. „Contrastive Attention Networks for Attribution of Early Modern Print“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, Nr. 4 (26.06.2023): 5285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i4.25659.
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In this paper, we develop machine learning techniques to identify unknown printers in early modern (c.~1500--1800) English printed books. Specifically, we focus on matching uniquely damaged character type-imprints in anonymously printed books to works with known printers in order to provide evidence of their origins. Until now, this work has been limited to manual investigations by analytical bibliographers. We present a Contrastive Attention-based Metric Learning approach to identify similar damage across character image pairs, which is sensitive to very subtle differences in glyph shapes, yet robust to various confounding sources of noise associated with digitized historical books. To overcome the scarce amount of supervised data, we design a random data synthesis procedure that aims to simulate bends, fractures, and inking variations induced by the early printing process. Our method successfully improves downstream damaged type-imprint matching among printed works from this period, as validated by in-domain human experts. The results of our approach on two important philosophical works from the Early Modern period demonstrate potential to extend the extant historical research about the origins and content of these books.
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SAMPSON, MARGARET. „‘THE WOE THAT WAS IN MARRIAGE’: SOME RECENT WORKS ON THE HISTORY OF WOMEN, MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND AND EUROPE“. Historical Journal 40, Nr. 3 (September 1997): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x97007437.
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Marriage and the English Reformation. By Eric Josef Carlson. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. Pp. ix+276. ISBN 0-631-16864-8. £45.00Gender, sex and subordination in England, 1550–1800. By Anthony Fletcher. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995. Pp. xxii+442. ISBN 0-300-06531-0. £19.95.Domestic dangers: women, words, and sex in early modern London. By Laura Gowing. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. Pp. 301. ISBN 0-19-820517-1. £35.00.The prospect before her: a history of women in western Europe, Volume one, 1500–1800. By Olwen Hufton. London: HarperCollins, 1995. Pp. xiv+654. ISBN 0-00255120-9. £25.00.Sex and subjection: attitudes to women in early modern society. By Margaret R. Sommerville. London: Edward Arnold, 1995. Pp. 287. ISBN 0-340-64574-1. £14.99.
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King, Martina. „Gesteinsschichten, Tasthaare, Damenmoden: Epistemologie des Vergleichens zwischen Natur und Kultur – um und nach 1800“. Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 45, Nr. 2 (09.11.2020): 246–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iasl-2020-0014.
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AbstractThis paper investigates comparison as a fundamental practice within the early life sciences. Four episodes are selected that show how comparing species works in the early 19th century and how it builds bridges between scientific and literary culture: comparing living organisms in pre-Darwinian natural history (Lacépède, Treviranus), comparing species distribution in actualistic geology (Lyell), comparing organs in comparative anatomy (Müller), and – last but not least – comparing social classes in new literary genres such as sketch, ‘Paris physiology’, or travel feuilleton.
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Kudinova, M. A., D. A. Ivanova und A. V. Tabarev. „The Concept of Civilization in Modern Studies of the Neolithic in China and Japan“. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 51, Nr. 2 (13.07.2023): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.2.038-048.
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This paper presents a brief overview of studies exploring the origin of civilizations in modern archaeology of China and Japan and mostly concerning the Neolithic period. The analysis of publications shows that in Chinese and Japanese archaeology, original scholarly traditions have been developed, with their own methodological foundations and terminology. We outline the key ideas relating to the origin of civilization, elaborated by researches in China (Su Bingqi, Yan Wenming, Li Boqian, Xu Hong, Gao Jiangtao) and Japan (Harunari Hideji, Watanabe Hiroshi, Sasaki Fujio, Yasuda Yoshinori). We show that most Chinese scholars consider the formation of state a sine qua non of transition to the civilization stage. However, the problem of identifying criteria of civilization and state formation using archaeological data has not been resolved to date. Examples of archaeological markers of civilization proposed by Chinese specialists are listed. In the works by Japanese researchers, no connection between the emergence of the state and civilization has been revealed. Most Chinese archaeologists date the emergence of civilization and of the fi rst state formations to the Late Neolithic (Dawenkou, Hongshan, Liangzhu, Longshan, etc.), ca 3500–2000 BC. There are alternative hypotheses—the Early Bronze Age (Erlitou culture) and the Late Bronze Age (the Spring and Autumn period). In Japanese archaeology, there are two main positions regarding the time when civilization had formed—the Jōmon period (Neolithic) and the subsequent Yayoi period (Bronze Age). Scholarly and external (including political) factors that have infl uenced modern concepts of the origin of civilization require special historiographic research.
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BERNARD, JONATHAN W. „From Lumpy Gravy to Civilization Phaze III: The Story of Frank Zappa's Disenchantment“. Journal of the Society for American Music 5, Nr. 1 (21.01.2011): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196310000490.
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AbstractAmong the vast recorded output of Frank Zappa's remarkable career, two albums—the very early Lumpy Gravy (1968) and the posthumously released Civilization Phaze III (1994)—have special significance, not only for their great originality but also for the conceptual link between them. A close examination of these works, together with recently issued audio-archival material that provides a basis for conjecture about the genesis of Lumpy Gravy, reveals much about Zappa's unique position in the realms of popular and art music as he negotiated the boundary between them. It also shows how and to what extent Zappa embraced an avant-garde aesthetic in Lumpy Gravy, his first solo album, and how this orientation was abandoned yet also, in a way, echoed in Civilization Phaze III.
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WANG, Tingting. „Primitivism and Poetic Urban Inhabitation: The Redemption of Humanity in Lawrence’s Works“. Asia-Pacific Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, Nr. 1 (31.03.2022): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53789/j.1653-0465.2022.0201.018.
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The conflict between the advanced industrial civilization and the true nature of human has become highly salient in the early 20th century, the exploration of which constitutes a central theme in D. H. Lawrence’s works. Centering on the four novels of Lawrence, this paper studies Lawrence’s exploration of the redemption of humanity in a highly industrialized society. Lawrence resorts to an approach of primitivism, including primitive sex, the restoration of primitive virtues and qualities, and reconstruction of the close intimacy between humans and animals firstly. Secondly, Lawrence looks into the emotional bonding between individuals and the cities, testing the likelihood of poetic urban inhabitation through urban roaming.
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Hao, Qiang. „The Modern History of England in Art“. Review of Educational Theory 3, Nr. 4 (04.11.2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/ret.v3i4.2372.
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Images are the key for us to sort out modern British history and study the development of early industrial civilization. This paper takes the most classic representative works of those immortal artists in the long river of British art to create a section of immortal history, and review the historical fragments of modern Britain from the painting brush of art masters, and intuitively feel the historical customs, dress etiquette and natural scenery of Britain at that time.
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Oostindie, Gert, und Jessica Vance Roitman. „Repositioning the Dutch in the Atlantic, 1680–1800“. Itinerario 36, Nr. 2 (August 2012): 129–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115312000605.
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After some decades of historical debate about the early modern Atlantic, it has become a truism that the Atlantic may better be understood as a world of connections rather than as a collection of isolated national sub-empires. Likewise, it is commonly accepted that the study of this interconnected Atlantic world should be interdisciplinary, going beyond traditional economic and political history to include the study of the circulation of people and cultures. This view was espoused and expanded upon in the issue of Itinerario on the nature of Atlantic history published thirteen years ago—the same issue in which Pieter Emmer and Wim Klooster famously asserted that there was no Dutch Atlantic empire. Since this controversial article appeared, there has been a resurgence of interest among scholars about the role of the Dutch in the Atlantic. With Atlantic history continuing to occupy a prominent place in Anglo-American university history departments, it seems high time to appraise the output of this resurgence of interest with an historiographical essay reviewing the major works and trends in the study of the Dutch in the Atlantic.
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Wierel, Karolina. „Po co nam postapokalipsy? Kultura postapokaliptyczna na początku XXI wieku z perspektywy kultur Zachodu“. Przegląd Humanistyczny, Nr. 1 (26.04.2017): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.9222.
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In the article I wonder about the reasons for the growing popularity of the postapocalyptic works in the pop culture of the early 21st century. The world after the collapse of the Western civilization is created in various literary, film and photographic forms, the examples of which I present in my study. The alternative post-apocalyptic reality is the postindustrial reality, archaized and non-anthropocentric. The technological regress presented in the works is based on imaginings of the end and is analogous to the fall of humanity among those people who survived after the “end” or were born afterwards. In the post-apocalyptic works of the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries it can be noticed that the authors of the vision of world “after to end” abandoned an extremely negative tone.
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Liljas, Juvas Marianne. „”Från pappas lydige Henric”: Pedagogiska perspektiv på det tidiga 1800-talets bildningsresande“. Nordic Journal of Educational History 6, Nr. 2 (13.12.2019): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v6i2.151.
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“From daddy’s obedient Henric”: Pedagogical perspectives on educational travel of the early 1800s. This article analyses educational travel in the early 1800s from the perspective of its educational heritage and praxis. The aim is to develop an understanding of the pedagogical significance of educational travel. The article makes clear how upbringing and education are represented in the framework of travel narratives in pre-industrial landscapes. The argument is based on the influence of the mercantile class on educational travel and the informal effect of these trips on changes in pedagogical thinking. The travel letters of Johan Henrik Munktell from 1828 to 1830 are used as primary sources. Using Paul Ricoeur’s memory-critical hermeneutics, travel narratives become significant sources for how education is arranged, and immanent pedagogy is a key term. The results demonstrate that the individualisation process works together with forms of crypto-learning, the core of the personal development vision, and society’s long-term memory.
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Liu, Congcong, und Suping Sun. „Meiji's New Women from the Perspective of Visual Fusion based on Soseki Natsume's Novel Sanshiro“. Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences 5, Nr. 3 (10.12.2023): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/2wuf5lq3.
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Sanshiro is the first of the three early works by Japanese writer Soseki Natsume. Mineko Satomi, the character image of the female protagonist, extends to the other two works, Sorekara and Mon. The event of Thirty yen in the work not only demonstrates Soseki Natsume's unique view on money, but also demonstrates the author's views on women, ethics and civilization criticism. This study utilizes the method of Role-model Theory from the perspective of fusion of horizons to explore the author's creative motivation for the new women, the similarities and differences between Mineko and her prototype Haru Hiratsuka under a pseudonym of Raityou Hiratsuka, the mission and significance of the Meiji new women and the famous magazine Seitou.
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Ostaric, Lara. „Absolute Freedom and Creative Agency in Early Schelling“. Philosophisches Jahrbuch 119, Nr. 1 (2012): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0031-8183-2012-1-69.
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bstract. By arguing that the connection between Schelling’s reception of Plato and Kant’s conception of genius is relevant for Schelling’s early development, this essay demonstrates the following: (1) that Schelling’s early Idealism brings to the general problem that plagues German Idealists, i.e., the search for an unconditioned principle that unites theoretical and practical reason, the solution that is genuinely his own, this original solution consisting in Schelling’s conception of “creative reason [schöpfersiche Vernunft]”; (2) that the theme of an absolutely free creative subjectivity is shared by many of Schelling’s early works and, hence, that the early development of his Idealism can be interpreted as a beginning of the philosophical system or as a “proto-system” of what was later to become his 1800 System; (3) that when compared to Kant’s notion of genius, Schelling’s “absolute I” should be considered a regress rather than a progress.
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Ingraham, Mary I. „Noble Savage/Indigène sauvage: Staging First Nations in Early Canadian opera“. Nineteenth-Century Music Review 11, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2014): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409814000378.
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This research engages the ways composers and librettists in early Canada constructed the roles of First Nations Peoples in two staged dramatic musical works: Clappé and Dixon's Canada's Welcome from 1879 and Vézina, Villandray and Fleur's Le fétiche from 1912. My exploration begins from a desire to cultivate an historiography of First Nations musical archetypes that extends beyond viewing representations as stereotypes to explore how they are used intertextually to reflect social and political realities in early Canada. The extent of play with indigenous traditions in each of these works belies their creators’ intentions to underscore contemporary beliefs in the civilizing power of colonization. And while Clappé and Dixon's work might now be interesting primarily as upper class entertainment, Vézina, Villandray and Fleur's exemplifies the evolution of Canadian culture through a more complex use of intertextual relationships. In Canada's Welcome, Clappé reserves his most nuanced musical representations for the European immigrants on stage; Vézina performs similar homogenizing musical acts but contrasts the French in grand operatic expression and the Iroquois with more extensive use of stereotypical markers to create distinctions within his Western art music setting. The most overt expressions of Otherness in these works are therefore largely carried by the texts, mediated through their encoding of the tropes of the fairness and acceptance of a tolerant civilization.
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Fokin, Alexander Anatolyevich. „Philosophical Principles of Heinrich Klee’s Theology (1800–1840)“. Philosophy of Religion: Analytic Researches 6, Nr. 1 (2022): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2587-683x-2022-6-1-24-36.
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The article focuses on the study of the dogmatic works of Heinrich Klee (1800–1840) in relation to his criticism and reception of contemporary philosophical systems. The dogmatic theology of Heinrich Klee is a little-studied page in the history of Catholic religious thought in the first half of the 19th century, yet for his contemporaries Klee was a significant thinker, and his theology was the subject of active discussion. The works of Klee are known to have been criticized more than once in connection with the possible borrowing of philosophical ideas in his dogmatic theology. This criticism, however, was taken for granted, without being corroborated by any specific study of his texts – a fault the present article seeks to amend. The article attempts to fit the theology of Heinrich Klee into a philosophical context and analyze the philosophical principles in his theology. In the conclusions of the article, we highlight the tendencies and features of the use of philosophical concepts characteristic for Klee and emphasize the breadth and variety of philosophical trends he was debating. The article uses specific examples to demonstrate that, while openly criticizing such сelebrities as Hegel, Fichte, Schelling, Schleiermacher, Klee not only embraced their philosophical language but also borrowed their foundational ideas. In the article, it was demonstrated with specific examples that, openly criticizing such authors as Hegel, Fichte, Schelling, Schleiermacher, he perceives not only the philosophical language of these authors, but also borrows their system-forming ideas. At the same time, his theological thought moved within the strict framework of the Catholic concept of the objectivity of divine Revelation and the authority of the Church. The article sheds light not only on some of the philosophical and theological positions of a particular theologian of the early 19th century, but also on the discussion about the degree of philosophical foundation of theological constructions in the modern era as a whole.
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Berlyavskiy, Leonid G. „Dialectics of American constitutionalism“. Gosudarstvo i pravo, Nr. 4 (2023): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520024818-0.
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The article examines the dialectic of constitutionalism of the United States of America. The evolution of American constitutional doctrines of the XIX – early XXI centuries is insufficiently covered in the works of Russian political scholars. The combination of elements of democracy and anti-democracy in US constitutionalism is in dialectical interaction and reflects the inconsistency of American civilization. There is currently a debate in American political and legal thought about the “basic values of America”, including issues of individual freedom and the provisions of the national Constitution.
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Stewart, Devin. „The Construction of Knowledge in Islamic Civilization“. American Journal of Islam and Society 20, Nr. 3-4 (01.10.2003): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v20i3-4.1834.
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Through the lens of genre, Heck examines Kitab al-Kharaj wa Sina 'at a/Kitabah("The Book of the Land-Tax and the Craft of Writing/Secretaryship"), a work on Islamic administration composed in Baghdadin the early fourth/tenth century by the prominent secretary Qudamah ibnJa'far (d. 337/948). His analysis ofQudamah's manual, which belongs toa body of texts that emerged in the late third/ninth century and focused primarilyon the concerns of state officials, proceeds by breaking it into constituentparts and considering each one individually in relation to earlierand contemporary works in related genres. The result is a detailed appreciationfor the work's characteristics and relative merits; showing how oneauthor constructed human knowledge; how he articulated the relationshipbetween knowledge, religion, and the 'Abbasid state; and how this por trayaldiffered from other contemporary schemes.The organization of the original work was as follows: I. Introduction,2. The Art of Writing, 3. Language and Rhetoric, 4. Bureaus of theImperial Administration, 5. Bureaus of the Imperial Administration, 6.Geography, 7. Fiscal Law, and 8. Political Thought. Unfortunately, onlychapters 5-8 survive. The unique manuscript at Istanbul's Koprulu Librarywas published in facsimile edition in 1968 and edited in 1981 (the 1981edition, Heck reports, contains numerous errors). The author's discussionuses the rubrics of language in chapter 2 (parts 2-5), geography in chapter ...
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Zhou, Ting. „Chinese Folk Photographic Creations of Western Photographers“. Asian Social Science 13, Nr. 7 (23.06.2017): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n7p190.
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Folk cultures contribute to the important composition of the traditional culture in China, a multiracial ancient civilization enjoying a profound history. Folk photography opens a window for the world to enable people in other countries to understand China as well as its traditional culture. Western photographers have created a large amount of folk photographs during over a century of corresponding development. These works mean not only great significances to the documentation and heritage of Chinese folk cultures but also enormous contributions to the communication of Chinese folk cultures towards the global community. The paper reviewed the Chinese folk photographic creations of western photographers from mid-19th century to early 21st century, and discussed the connotations and meanings of these works.
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Thohir, Ajid. „Establishing the Historiography of Islamic Sultanate in Nusantara“. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, Nr. 4 (08.07.2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0100.
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This article is to show how to formulate historiography of Islamic sultanate in Nusantara and This article aims to explain and explore Islamic civilization from the time of the Islamic sultanate in Nusantara (Southeast Asia). This study uses historical research methods with four procedures that are followed, namely Heuristic, Source Criticism, Interpretation, Historiography and a qualitative approach. The awareness and courage to use local sources will attract new enthusiasm in writing Islam Nusantara. Western scepticism towards the original source will only limit the creativity of local Muslim historians to create works of national identity and ancestry. This does not end with criticizing local sources and scavenging them, but instead honours them using the humanities disciplines to understand past content and information in an honest academic endeavour. If comprehensive mapping and reconciliation with local sources can be carried out, then Islam in Nusantara will gain a status as prestigious as elsewhere. Can strengthen regional Islamic identity and will strengthen the nations of Southeast Asia because of the same historical roots. From an institutional perspective, this study can guarantee the availability of religious data and information, especially those related to the early arrival of Islam and its development. Although many works have been published on the history of Islamic civilization in the Nusantara, there has been no special attention to the historical development of Islamic civilization seen from the side of the Islamic sultanate in the Nusantara.
Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
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Oleg Aleksandrovich, Sokolov. „Ideas of Muslim History Rethinking in the Works by Arab Intellectuals of the Late 20th – Early 21st Centuries“. Islamovedenie 12, Nr. 1 (30.03.2021): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2077-8155-2021-12-1-121-129.
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In the 21st century, Muslim reformist thought is going through a period of rapid devel-opment, during which the ideas of the renovators of the 19th – 20th centuries are being trans-formed and developed. In the late 20th – early 21st centuries, major Arab intellectuals put for-ward various ideas for rethinking the Muslim reformist paradigm by changing approaches to the study and understanding of the history of the Muslim Ummah and overcoming the non-historicity of discourse. Within the framework of this article, for the first time, an attempt was made to classify the approaches of the largest Arab representatives of the Muslim reformist movement to the study of the history of Muslim civilization from the point of view of changing the paradigms of modern humanitarian knowledge. Muhammad al-Ashmawi, within the frame-work of the positivist concept, advocated a reinterpretation of the era of the “righteous caliphs”. Faraj Fuda, who stuck to a post-positivist position, put forward the idea of an inductive rethink-ing of Muslim history. Muhammad al-Jabri, being a representative of structuralism, proposed to build a clear referential framework for the periodization of the history of Muslim civilization. Finally, Muhammad Arkun, analyzing the ways of solving the indicated problem, relied on the post-structuralist ideas of “applied Islamology” based on the progressive-regressive historical method. The presented classification clearly demonstrates the diversity of modern Muslim re-formist thought and the multi-stage nature of its development. The proposed division of ap-proaches to the study and understanding of the history of the Muslim Ummah by Arab authors can be further correlated with the typology of the development of reformist ideas in other re-gions of the Muslim world.
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Kasparyan, K. V., und M. V. Rutkovskaya. „Features of the reflection of computer technologies and social networks in fiction and fantasy cinema in the XIX – early XXI centuries“. Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C), Nr. 1 (03.08.2022): 34–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17726/philit.2022.1.3.
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The article is devoted to understanding the specific features of the reflection of computer technologies and social networks in the works of science fiction writers and in films made as part of development of the fantasy genre. In their work, the authors give a brief description of the essential aspects of the functioning of computer technologies and social networks. The article examines the degree of significance of the above phenomena for the effective development and existence of human civilization as a whole, and also analyzes the essence of social networks as a cultural phenomenon that has a significant impact on the development of social relations. This study indicates the inconsistency of the statement according to which the fantasy genre is not an essential segment of world art and demonstrates the need to take into account such works when understanding the technological development of human civilization and the evolution of relations in society towards the online mode. In this paper, the features of displaying the development of technology in science fiction literature and adventure fiction are analyzed with a comparative analysis of the difference in approaches in these two components of the fantasy genre. The study also comprehends the reasons for the lack of serious interest in displaying the analogue of social networks in fiction literature and cinema, and provides a justification for changes in this issue in the early 1980-s. This article examines the characteristic features of the dynamics of the reflection of the development of social networks in fiction literature at the end of the XX – first decades of the XXI century, taking into account changes in public relations in this period.
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Vinil, W. Allin. „Manonmaniam Sundaram Pillai To Tamil Literature“. Think India 22, Nr. 3 (13.09.2019): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8396.
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Manonmaniam Sundaram Pillai was the famous historical writer in South India. He contributed much to the Tamil literature. His famous writings were Nutrogai vilakkam, Manonmaniam, some Early sovereigns of Travancore and History of Tamil literature. Manonmaniam Sundarampillai had profound knowledge of Tamil literature. During his times people believed that the Aryan civilization was inferior. His view point out that Tamil literature was divine and moral.Manonmaniam Sundarampillai took interest in the study of history and epigraphy. He laid many historical works and visited many places for gathering sources.In his historical findings he mentioned several monnuments are related with Tamil literature and history. His invention of Kollam Era stands even today as a monumental contribution to the chronological historical reflections and interpretations helped Dravidian India. In his historical work scholars got clear information about the findings and literary works.
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Aytekin, Ayşe. „An Analysis on the Orientalists’ Early Studies on the Qur’ān“. Journal of the Near East University Islamic Research Center 9, Nr. 1 (30.06.2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2023.9.1.01.
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The researches of the Western world on the Qur’ān and Tafsīr are related to the history of Orientalism and are subject to a similar its development and change process. The efforts of the Western researchers to recognize Islam have dated back to the Crusades, and as a result of their acceptance of the superiority of Islam and the civilization and culture in which it had been integrated, it had turned into a struggle attempt. In the beginning, translation movements had played a major role in this struggle. Forasmuch, to able to know culture and civilization is primarily about knowing and understanding the language. The Westerners, who had learned the Arabic language in order to understand Islamic thought, had taken the most important step in this struggle by translating the products and works of this language and culture into the Latin language. Commentaries, quotations, explanations, plagiarisms or whatever their name is, all researches, translations, works, products and studies can be mentioned in the focus of this application and step. In addition to the studies in which language is at the forefront, it is necessary to mention other factors affecting these studies. As a matter of fact, all factors involving life have taken a place in a similar course in academic, scientific, political, religious, social, economic and cultural dimensions. The Renaissance, the invention of the printing press, the expansionist policy of the Turks, other developments in science and philosophy, and the impact of these developments on Europeans had been influential in their work on the field of Islam. The first researches of the Orientalists on Islam and the Qur’ān -which they had done in order to achieve their various goals- had several aims such as religious, political, scientific, commercial and colonialism. The Orientalists, with their works shaped for these purposes, had engaged in activities such as fighting Islam by degrading the value of the Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH), preventing the spread of this religion by spreading the faults of Islam in the way which they had identified, and converting the Muslims to Christianity. Similarly, in academic studies, it has been understood that they had an extremely negative and cynical expression style devoid of criteria such as scientific impartiality, objectivity and originality. This is also evident in the studies on the Qur’ān and Tafsīr. In order to criticize Islam, they had made various criticisms, especially on the source and nature of the Qur’ān. In addition to the study areas where the Qur’ān is at the center, many works on the history of the Qur’ān, on the other hand, have explained how and through which phases the Qur’ān had come to the present day, from a Muslim perspective in a common manner. On the other hand, the non-Muslims have been interested in what the Qur’ān is, its origin, authenticity and its formation process as well as the Muslims. In order to evaluate the perspectives of the non-Muslim researchers and to comprehend the West and the Western studies on these issues, it is necessary to search, analyze and mention about the history of their relations with Islam, the Muslims, the Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH), the historical process of Orientalism and the Oriental studies on many fields in an objective and scientific way for having more new studies that are beneficial to humanity and science. Our work can be evaluated as an introduction for this field with a modest style. We will try to study and focus on especially the early works about these subjects. We will have the aim of explaining the Orientalists’ early studies on Islam, the Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) and the Qur’ān which they have an extremely vindictive and hateful expression rather than a scientific and academic method although they have reached criteria such as scientific impartiality, objectivity and originality in academic works in recent years. In our research, we will have labour to convey our findings which can be considered as a preliminary on the broad field in question and which we intend to examine by making a periodic distinction in our later works by trying to pass the discourses on the early period through a critical and an objective filter, rather than only mentioning different views.
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Shumakov, Andrey. „Gabriel's Failed Revolution of 1800: Causes and Prerequisites“. Izvestia of Smolensk State University, Nr. 1(61) (15.12.2023): 186–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-61-1-186-203.
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This work is devoted to a very little-studied topic of the Virginia Slave Conspiracy led by Gabriel and is the first study of this issue in Russian historiography. The present article analyzes in detail the causes and prerequisites of the failed uprising of 1800. At the same time, the author relies on the published materials of the trial and the works of leading Western researchers.
The first part is devoted directly to the history of studying this issue. Using historical-genetic and retrospective methods, the author traces the influence of foreign policy, domestic political, social, economic, demographic, socio-cultural factors on the formation of a socially explosive situation in Virginia by 1800, and
also identifies a number of subjective reasons and prerequisites for a slave conspiracy, such as: motives of personal revenge and banal miscalculations of the authorities who did not take proper measures. At the same time, the main emphasis is on comparing approaches and substantiating the complex of causes and
prerequisites in Western historiography.
As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that in the case of Gabriel's conspiracy, it is not just about a failed uprising, but about the emergence in Virginia of the late XVIII – early XIX centuries of a real revolutionary situation, the formation of which was facilitated by a combination of interrelated factors.
The results of the research conducted in this article can be used in research and teaching activities related to the study of American history and the history of the African-American people (Black History).
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Papkova, E. A. „PROBLEMS OF CULTURE IN THE WORKS OF VSEVOLOD IVANOV“. Siberian Philological Forum 14, Nr. 2 (30.05.2021): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/2587-7844-2021-14-2-80.
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Statement of the problem. The article is a continuation of our work devoted to the problems of the history of culture in the creative work of Vsevolod Ivanov in the 1940s–1960s. A new stage in the formulation of the problem, which makes it possible to trace the origins of the theme of culture in Ivanov’s creative work, became possible thanks to the publication of unknown texts by the writer of his early Siberian period. The purpose of the article is to analyze the theme of culture in Ivanov’s early work, to examine the evolution of the writer’s views. Methodology. The article uses comparative historical textual methods, the method of historical and cultural commentary. Research results. The theme of culture is considered for the first time on the material of Ivanov’s works of the 1910s, the evolution of his views is traced, which were formed in a dialogue with re- gional ideas and the concept of the East and West by A.M. Gorky. It is noted that the early works of the writer reflected anxiety for the fate of cultural values in the modern world. Particular attention is paid to the spiritual values of the culture of the East, understood by Ivanov in his own way and found embodiment in his work. The analysis of the story “The Return of the Buddha” and the third the edition of the novel “The Edessa Shrine” shows how the writer’s attitude to the East changed. Conclusions. The analysis of Ivanov’s works devoted to the theme of culture shows that this problem interested the writer from the very beginning of his creative path. Reflecting on the fate of the outgoing culture of Siberia in early works, dreaming of the possibility of the influence of the ancient East cultures on the historical choice of Russia and Europe in the 1920s, in the story “The Return of the Buddha”, the writer, by the end of the 1950s, obviously, comes to the conclusion that it is impossible for the forces of culture to resist the development of civilization.
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Schorr, David B. „Savagery, Civilization, and Property: Theories of Societal Evolution and Commons Theory“. Theoretical Inquiries in Law 19, Nr. 2 (14.08.2018): 507–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2018-0026.
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Abstract This article argues that modern commons theory has been substantially shaped by early modern ways of thinking about the evolution of civilizations. In particular, it has hewed closely to models that gelled in the Enlightenment-era works known as “stadial theory,” by authors such as Lord Kames and Adam Smith, and passed down to the twentieth century, to theorists including Garrett Hardin, Harold Demsetz, and Elinor Ostrom. It argues that stadial thinking reached modern commons theorists largely through the disciplines of anthropology and human ecology, paying particular attention to the debate among anthropologists over aboriginal property rights, colonial and international development discourse, and neo-Malthusian conservationism. The effects of stadial theories’ influence include a belief among many that private property represents a more advanced stage of civilization than does the commons; and among others a Romantic yearning to return to an Eden of primitive and community-based commons. Thus do deep cultural attitudes, rooted in the speculative thinking of an earlier age, color today’s theories — positive and normative — of the commons.
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Trivellato, Francesca. „What Differences Make a Difference? Global History and Microanalysis Revisited“. Journal of Early Modern History 27, Nr. 1-2 (24.03.2023): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-bja10057.
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Abstract This article discusses a number of scholarly trends that fall under the rubric of global history, with particular regard for those that address the early modern period (c.1400–1800). It stresses the rubric’s lack of coherence from both a methodological and ideological perspective. Most importantly, it revisits longstanding debates about the intersection of microanalysis and global history by assessing landmark works by Italian microhistorians, scholars of the so-called great divergence, and historians of climate and the environment. In so doing, it also asks how recent contributions build on insights that classic studies had already yielded – at least on the margins of the profession – beginning in the 1970s.
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Kulik, Alexander. „The господь–господинъ Dichotomy and the Cyrillo-Methodian Linguo-Theological Innovation“. Slovene 9, Nr. 1 (2019): 25–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2019.8.1.2.
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This article investigates early Slavic exegesis and its influence on Slavic languages (and, more broadly, models for transferring Judeo-Christian thought onto the Slavic soil). The investigation is based on an example of a unique phenomenon related to the sacro-secular homonymy in the terminology defining the God of monotheistic religions. Out of all the languages of Christian civilization, only the languages belonging to Slavia Orthodoxa depart from this general pattern. The development of a dichotomy between the forms gospod’ (“lord”) and gospodin” (“master”) is connected with a particular translational exegesis unknown in other early ecclesiastical traditions. This therefore stands as a unique and, at any rate, independent Slavic innovation in the interpretation of the biblical text. This new Slavic dichotomy compensated for the ambiguous polysemy of the underlying Greek term, κύριος (kyrios), and restored a semantic distinction present in the original Biblical Hebrew text. This phenomenon represents one of the not yet completely elucidated and comprehended cases of independent Slavic exegetical thought, which at this early stage manifested itself not so much in the composition of biblical commentaries and theological works as in translational and editorial choices. It is also significant that certain processes in the allocation of meanings depending on the grammatical form, attested already in early Slavic biblical texts, are cognate with analogous processes in contemporary Slavic languages. Moreover, such semantic distinction between related and highly cognate forms has even enriched the modern Slavic languages connected to this tradition, thus creating means of artistic expression that remain impossible in most other languages of Christian civilization.
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Nurazizah, Nabila, Ima Halimatusadiah, Imam Tabroni, Mahon Nitin und Snyder Bradford. „History of Islamic Civilization in Post-Independence Indonesia“. International Journal of Educational Narratives 1, Nr. 5 (21.07.2023): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55849/ijen.v1i5.339.
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Background. Islam is a religion that prioritizes the principles of truth and justice for all its adherents. Factors that encourage Muslims to achieve independence are ideological, political, economic, social and cultural factors. Islam has an important role in the development of education in Indonesia. There are three sectors of Islamic education in Indonesia, namely formal, informal and non-formal. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to find out 1.) The history of the development of Islam in Indonesia after independence. 2.) The impact of the development of Islam in Indonesia. 3.) The process of development of Islamic civilization. So from the description above, the author will explain how the development of Islam in Indonesia after independence, what caused the emergence of the Islamic renewal movement, especially in Indonesia. Method. This research uses the type of literature study (library research). The data collection technique carried out in this study uses a study of bibliographic sources from books and articles in scientific journals related to the subject matter, reading data with the thoughts of experts with a constructive approach and interpretation of the contents of the main discussion related to the development of Islam after independence. Results. After Indonesia's independence in 1945, Islamic civilization in the country continued to develop and made significant contributions in various aspects of life. Conclusion. After independence, Islamic education was one of the key points in the development of Islamic civilization in Indonesia. The thinking and writing of Indonesian Islamic intellectuals also developed with many studies, writings and translations of classical and modern Islamic works. The Salafi movement that insists on returning to the teachings of Islam is considered to be fully associated with the salafushalih (early generations of Islam), and emerged and developed after independence.
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Seidametov, Eldar Khalilovich. „Problematics of Saints Cult in Works of Jadidist-Theolologians of the Late XVIII and the Early XX cc“. RUDN Journal of World History 11, Nr. 4 (15.12.2019): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2019-11-4-283-296.
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The article deals with the analysis of the problems of the cult of saints in the religious views of the greatest Tatar Jadid - theologians of the late 18th and the early 20th centuries. The research aims to investigate the views of Abdennacer Kursawe, Shihab Al-din al-Marjani, Galimjan Barudi, Rizaetdin Fakhretdin, Musa Jarullah Bigiev. The scholars searched the reasons for the crucial decline that involved the Muslim peoples, they believed that the only way out was the correction of Muslim beliefs, the refusal of religious innovations and the return to the Holy Quran and Sunnah. They criticized various manifestations of ignorance and superstition as well as some traditions that, in their opinion, were contrary to the canons of Islam and prevented the progress of Muslims. The Jadids supported the reform of the education system, the study of worldly sciences, the borrowing and use of global scientific and technological and other achievements. The similar position of Tatar theologians contributed to the formation of Islamic cultural values and present new ways for Russian Muslims to unify to the achievements of the world civilization.
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Shcherbakova, Anna E. „TO CHILDREN ABOUT ART: DOMESTIC ILLUSTRATED EDITIONS OF THE 1800–1820S“. Arts education and science 1, Nr. 38 (2024): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202401140.
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This article is devoted to the visual language of children’s books and magazines of the first third of the XIXth century on the theme of art. The cultural and historical context of the development of illustrated literature on this topic is considered. The most popular plots and the artistic features of the published images are identified. A comparison is made of illustrations in Russian-language versions of books and foreign originals. The relationship between the publication format and graphic content is determined, as well as the options for interaction between text and picture. The most striking examples of domestic early printed books reflecting the trends of the era under consideration were selected for this work. These are children’s encyclopedias, alphabet books, biographical and game editions. The result of the research is the reconstruction of the situation of illustrating children’s art literature in Russia in the 1800– 1820s. It has been established that children’s book publishing of this period hardly sought to talk about art as such. It often appeared in the content of publications with other goals. Nevertheless, the authors of the books managed to cover certain aspects of art. These include types of art, artistic images, famous artists, as well as technical features of creating works of art.
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Cvejić, Žarko. „From "Bach" to "Bach's son": The work of aesthetic ideology in the historical reception of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach“. New Sound, Nr. 54-2 (2019): 90–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/newso1954090c.
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The paper explores the historical correlation between the marginalization of C. P. E. Bach in his posthumous critical reception in the early and mid 19th century and the paradigm shift that occurred in the philosophical, aesthetic, and ideological conception of music in Europe around 1800, whereby music was reconceived as a radically abstract and disembodied art of expression, as opposed to the Enlightenment idea of music as an irreducibly sensuous, sonic art of representation. More precisely, the paper argues that the cause of C. P. E. Bach's marginalization in his posthumous critical reception should not be sought only in the shadow cast by his father, J. S. Bach, and the focus of 19th and 20th-century music historiography on periodization, itself centred around "great men", but also in the fundamental incompatibility between this new aesthetic and philosophical ideology of music from around 1800 and C. P. E. Bach's oeuvre, predicated as it was on an older aesthetic paradigm of music, with its reliance on musical performance, especially improvisation, itself undervalued in early and mid 19th-century music criticism for the same reasons. Other factors might also include C.P. E. Bach's use of the genre of fantasia, as well as the sheer stylistic idiosyncrasy of much of his music, especially the fantasias and other works he wrote für Kenner ("for connoisseurs"). This might also explain why his music was so quickly sidelined despite its pursuit of "free" expression, a defining ideal of early to mid 19th-century music aesthetics.
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Ali Abdul Malik, Munther, und Israa Saad Salih. „Metal Tools in Unpublished Cuneiform Texts from Early Dynastic Period“. Al-Adab Journal 2, Nr. 135 (15.12.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v2i135.1217.
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The people in ancient Mesopotamia know many minerals (Metal Tools) , and they also know how to manufacture it and used them . Minerals have entered in many of their businesses and industries , even in the field of producing artworks (artifacts) . Pots and agricultural tools as well as weapons they used in everyday life .
The most important of these metals are : gold , silver , copper , and tin , which some of them entered in the work of bronze bullion (Al-Jader , 1991 , p.225) .
The ancient Mesopotamians struggled to get the materials , they were carrying the tired journeys in order to bring the raw materials from far away counties , among them were Dilmun , Magan , Meluhha , Eygpt and Anatolia (Levy , 1986 , p.19) .
So we did not care about the all kinds of minerals , but we define our works about one type of this metals , which is a copper metal . So the copper regarded the first mineral which known to the people of ancient Mesopotamia , they used it very much in their lives , this had been a major turning point in the history of their civilization (Louis , 2008 , p.112) .
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Zavelskaya, Darya A. „“RETURN TO PARADISE”IN I.A. KRYLOV'S IDYLL AND ODE:AN ARTISTIC MODEL AND A WORLDVIEW“. PHILOLOGICAL STUDIES 18, Nr. 1 (2020): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1857-6060-2020-18-1-156-169.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the philosophical and religious works of I.A. Krylov, in which there is a motive of man's “falling away”from nature as a loss of heavenly bliss. At the early stage of his creative work, the poet was looking for various approaches to reflect this existential problem, embodying his thought in images of nature and civilization. These images bear the imprint of the stylistics of two different genres of Russian classicism:odes (high style) and idyll (middle style). Stylistic and genre analysis makes it possible to reveal Krylov's attitude to the world as a whole and to a person's place in it. Idyllic elements are associated with the notion of primordial innocence. The highstyle of the ode manifests itself in two ways: in threatening prophetic denunciations and solemn praises. The solemn praise of nature is in tune with the chanting of the Creator in the Psalm arrangements–the traditional genre of Russian classicism. Based on these parallels, we can assume the development of the poet's philosophical search from rejection of civilization to the organic reunion of man with being through the creative principle
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Angelakis, A. N. „Urban waste- and stormwater management in Greece: past, present and future“. Water Supply 17, Nr. 5 (22.03.2017): 1386–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.042.
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Urban wastewater and storm management has a long history which coincides with the appearance of the first organized human settlements (ca. 3500 BC). It began in prehistoric Crete during the Early Bronze Age (ca. 3200 BC) when many remarkable developments occurred in several stages known as Minoan civilization. One of its salient characteristics was the architecture and function of its hydraulic works and especially the drainage and sewerage systems and other sanitary infrastructures in the Minoan palaces and other settlements. These technologies, although they do not give a complete picture of wastewater and stormwater technologies in ancient Greece, indicate that such technologies have been used in Greece since the Minoan times. Minoan sanitary technologies were transferred to the Greek mainland in the subsequent phases of Greek civilization, i.e. in the Mycenaean, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman, and present times. The scope of this article is the presentation and discussion of the evolution of waste- and stormwater management through the long history of Greece, focusing on the hydraulic characteristics of sanitary infrastructures. Also, the present and future trends of wastewater and stormwater management are considered. Practices achieved in prehistoric Greece may have some relevance for wastewater engineering even in modern times.
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Kruchkovsky, Tadeush. „The Problem of Poland’s Western Civilization Choice and Its Consequences in M. O. Koyalovich’s Assessment“. ISTORIYA 14, Nr. 1 (123) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024402-1.
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The article looks into the problem of Poland’s Western civilization choice and its consequences in the assessment of M. O. Koyalovich, a famous Russian conservative historian of Belarusian origin. The research is conducted on the basis of M. O. Koyalovich’s main works and contemporary Russian historiography. The author considers this problem in Russian historiography of the stated period as one of the key problems in the historical Polonistics of Russia. The conclusion is made that M. O. Koyalovich’s assessments of the problem of western civilizational choice of Poland and its consequences were distinguished by conservative-Slavophile position with strongly pronounced features of Polonophobia, anti-Semitism and anti-Western orientation. The problem of civilization choice of the development path of Russia, other Slavic peoples (primarily Poland as a country which chose a different path of development) became one of the key issues in Russian historiography of the 19th — early 20th centuries, often determining through the practice of the past the attitude towards the present. As contemporary Russian reality testifies, the question of Poland’s civilizational identity has remained topical in contemporary Russian historical and socio-political thought.