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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Civilization – early works to 1800"
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Gommans, Jos. „Trade and Civilization around the Bay of Bengal, c. 1650–1800“. Itinerario 19, Nr. 3 (November 1995): 82–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300021331.
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About seven years ago the journalItinerarioissued a special volume on theAncien Régimein India and Indonesia that carried the papers presented at the third Cambridge-Leiden-Delhi-Yogyakarta conference. The aim of the conference was a comparative one in which state-formation, trading net-works and socio-political aspects of Islam were the major topics. Thumbing through the pages of this issue (while preparing this essay) I had the impression that the results of the conference went beyond its initial comparative goals. Directly or indirectly, several papers stressed that during the early-modern phase India and Indonesia were still part of a cultural continuum that was only gradually broken up by the ongoing process of European expansion during the nineteenth century. It appeared that even after the earlier course of so-called ‘Indianisation’ – a designation that unjustly conveys an Indian ‘otherness’ – India and the Archipelago shared many characteristics, especially in terms of their political and religious orientation. More importantly, these shared traits were shaped by highly mobile groups of traders, pilgrims and courtiers who criss-crossed the Bay of Bengal, traversing both the lands above and below the winds.
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Tsvetkova, Nina. „MODEL OF RUSSIAN CULTURE IN S.P. SHEVYREV’S WORKS OF EARLY 1840'S“. Literaturovedcheskii Zhurnal, Nr. 1 (2022): 32–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/litzhur/2022.55.02.
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The article deals with the civilizational approach of S.P. Shevyrev to the history and culture of Russia. In his works the philosopher and critic analyzes Russian history, literature and education in comparison with Western European ones, and comes to the conclusion about their distinctive character. The scholar considers the main task of his time to create a model of national culture, whose scope includes not only creativity, but also “spiritual production”: state and family upbringing and education. In this he supports the theory of “official nationality” by S.S. Uvarov. He assigns Pushkin and Gogol an important role in the education of the Russian man, not accepting the St Petersburg “industrial literature” by Belinsky, Bulgarin, Grech and opposing them his educational projects in the magazine “Moskvityanin”. The conclusion is that Shevyrev’s model of culture corresponds to N.Y. Danilevsky’s theory of cultural and historical types.
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Abdul Malik, Mohd Puaad, Faisal @. Ahmad Faisal Abdul Hamid und Rahimin Affandi Abdul Rahim. „Analyse Malay Fiqh Works Writing 1600-1800“. Al-Muqaddimah: Online journal of Islamic History and Civilization 6, Nr. 2 (31.12.2018): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/muqaddimah.vol6no2.6.
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In essence, this article will focus on the subject classical Malay fiqh works 1600-1800. Classical Malay fiqh works are Malay intellectual works produced by Malay Muslim scholars in various topics of Islamic law including worship (ibadah), commercial transaction law (muamalah), family law (munakahat) and others. This fiqh Malay work played an important role in Malay society at the beginning of Islamic development in the Malay world. It is a means of communication, scientific knowledge or developmental science. The premise of this article analyzes the writing of fiqh works that developed in the early days of the great intellectual nature of the Malay world. There are features of fiqh writing in the year 1600 and it is different from the features of fiqh writing in 1700 and 1800. The discussion of this writing includes the difference between the writing text and the style of writing fiqh and being reviewed from various scopes, items and writing features. The method of analysis used is the method of historiography or historicalism which examines the development of an idea. Facts obtained will be thoroughly screened using the Malay induction history approach. Research shows that the earliest classic Malay fiqh writing has its own identity and superiority and is a Malay intellectual work.
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Špelda, Daniel. „Kepler in the Early Historiography of Astronomy (1615–1800)“. Journal for the History of Astronomy 48, Nr. 4 (November 2017): 381–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828617740948.
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This article discusses the reception of Kepler’s work in the earliest interpretations of the history of astronomy, which appeared in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The focus is not on the reception of Kepler’s work among astronomers themselves but instead on its significance for the history of science as seen by early historians of mathematics and astronomy. The first section discusses the evaluation of Kepler in the so-called “Prefatory Histories” of astronomy that appeared in various astronomical works during the seventeenth century. In these, Kepler was considered mainly to be the person who brought the work of Tycho Brahe to completion, rather than an original astronomer. The second section is devoted to the evaluation of Kepler in interpretations of the history of astronomy that appeared in the eighteenth century (often as part of the history of mathematics). In these works, Kepler is regarded as a genius who deserves tremendous credit for the advancement of the human spirit. Both sections also devote attention to Copernicus and Tycho Brahe because this facilitates the explanation of how Kepler’s contribution was judged. By studying the reception of Johannes Kepler’s work, we may gain greater insight into the transition from a cyclical perception of the history of science to the progressive model.
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Pertev, Ramazan. „The Effect of Modernism on The Early Works of The Kurdish and Turkish Folklore“. Humanities Journal of University of Zakho 4, Nr. 1 (30.06.2016): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2016.4.1.200.
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In the research the struggle of the Kurdish and Turkish folklore is historical. By history we mean second half of 19th and 20th century. In this research we would like to emphasize the effect of the modernism on the Kurdish and Turkish folklore. As it is know the folklore is a research ground for the concept of ‘Language’, ‘nationality’, homeland’, and ‘civilization’ for western Ottoman Empire educators. We are all affected by modernism. In this framework we will shed the light on the comparison between the Kurdish and Turkish folklore, this is why the work in this research has been evaluated in a chronological way. In this research we did not want to do study the effects of the modernism on both Kurdish and Turkish folklore or to evaluate their struggle in this matter .It is clear that there is a parallel understanding and struggle from both sides. That is why the demand of a an original language, national authority, independent country, and western civilizationis the main goal of that era. This is why understanding and struggle in many ways are opposing each other. Because in the Ottoman Empire Turkish were the dominant nationality, they were influenced by the western civilization before others. This is why we can that the western civilization reached other by the means of the Turkish educators
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Wojtaszek, Piotr. „Konserwatywna konceptualizacja. O wczesnej twórczości Szczepana Twardocha“. Konteksty Kultury 20, Nr. 4 (2023): 480–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23531991kk.23.038.18841.
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Conservative conceptualization. On the early works of Szczepan Twardoch The article attempts to synthesize the conservative views of Szczepan Twardoch from the early period of his work and to present their sources as well as the reasons for the later, radical change. The writer was inspired by conservative thinkers during his studies, mainly in the context of the French Revolution history. Under their influence, he began to contest development direction of the European civilization. His works from this period contain themes of the end of civilization, the fall of Christianity, and the struggle to preserve the cultural status quo. He also referenced the current political situation in Poland and the writers and philosophers representing a similar line of thought, primarily Joseph de Maistre and Ernst Junger. Intellectual maturing and the related aversion to dogmatism caused him to reject conservative views.
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Bria, Jasmine. „At the Edge of the World. Geographical Location, Englishness and Monstrosity“. LEA - Lingue e Letterature d'Oriente e d'Occidente 12 (23.12.2023): 401–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/lea-1824-484x-14923.
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Monstrosity is a constant presence in Old English literature. In particular, Wonders of the East depicts everything that was perceived as strange, significantly located in the East, displaying a Mediterranean-centric perspective where Europe works as the ideal centre of the cosmos. Early English Medieval people adopted this notion, which, however, seems to consign the island to the margins of civilization. This paper investigates how the position of Britain at the border of the map impacted the perceived degree of civilization of the Early Medieval English people and how their geographical location might have imbued the idea of Englishness with monstrosity.
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Kasimov, Ruslan Kh. „Nation and Civilization: The Classical Distinctions“. Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences 22, Nr. 5 (15.12.2022): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v226.
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The theory of nation and the theory of civilization attract considerable attention in the field of political and social sciences as well as in philosophy. However, the categories of nation and civilization are usually regarded separately, due to the fact that these two approaches have developed independently. Key thinkers of the theory of nation, as a rule, either ignore the category of civilization or give it only formal attention. The leading figures of the theory of civilization, on the contrary, could not but consider the distinction between nation and civilization. It should be noted that the concept of civilization could only be constructed proceeding from the category of nation, which had acquired a normative status in the social disciplines as early as in the 19th century. This article dwells on the distinction between nation and civilization in the works of the classical theorists of civilization, namely, O. Spengler, A. Toynbee and S. Huntington. In spite of the fact that all of the above authors make this differentiation, it is only in the works of Toynbee and Huntington that nation and civilization are presented as commensurable. Toynbee distinguishes nation and civilization as a part and as a whole, recognizing the subjectivity of civilization. Huntington proposes a hybrid differentiation that both preserves the qualities of the classical theory of civilization and includes elements of constructivism. The latter forms the basis for non-classical theories of civilization, such as G. Therborn’s concept. The non-classical approach allows us to draw not only a quantitative, but also a qualitative distinction between nations and civilizations: while nation-states arise as a result of a break with the past and develop within the framework of modernity, civilizations continue and restore the tradition.
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Maulana, Indra Maulana Indra. „Sejarah Karya-Karya Intelektual Muslim dan Pranata/Lembaga Sosial“. Journal of Indonesian History 11, Nr. 2 (01.12.2023): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jih.v11i2.74731.
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This article explains the history of intellectual works produced by the Muslim community throughout the centuries and their relationship to social institutions or institutions in Islamic civilization. The main focus of the research is to reveal how Muslim intellectual thought has made a significant contribution to the development of social institutions in various historical contexts. This article includes an analysis of intellectual works related to law, ethics, education, and social order, and identifies their impact on Muslim society. Through a comprehensive literature review, this article examines the development of intellectualism in the Islamic tradition from early times to the modern era. Additionally, this article highlights the role of famous figures in the history of Islamic thought and the way their concepts have shaped social institutions such as the sharia legal system, educational institutions, and the social structure of Muslim societies. This research also highlights the contribution of Muslim intellectuals to the development of science and technology, which in turn influences social institutions and the development of civilization in the Islamic world. Through a deeper understanding of the history of Muslim intellectual works, this article aims to provide insight into how intellectualism and social institutions are interrelated in the context of Islamic civilization. In conclusion, this article considers the important role of Muslim intellectual works in shaping social institutions and institutions in the Islamic world throughout its history. Understanding this relationship can provide a better perspective on how Islamic intellectualism played a role in directing social, legal, and ethical developments in Muslim civilization.
Keywords: Muslim Intellectuals, Muslim Intellectual Works.
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Bowers, Katherine. „Ghost Writers: Radcliffiana and the Russian Gothic Wave“. Victorian Popular Fictions Journal 3, Nr. 2 (17.12.2021): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46911/tvct9530.
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Ann Radcliffe’s novels were extremely popular in early nineteenth-century Russia. Publication of her work in Russian translation propelled the so-called gothic wave of 1800-10. Yet, many of the works Radcliffe was known for in Russia were not written by her; rather, they were works by others that were attributed to Radcliffe. This article traces the publication and translation histories of Radcliffiana on the Russian book market of 1800-20. Building on JoEllen DeLucia’s concept of a “corporate Radcliffe” in the anglophone world, this article proposes a Russian corporate Radcliffe. Identifying, classifying, and analysing the provenance of Russian corporate Radcliffe works reveals insight into the transnational circulation of texts and the role of copyright law within it, the nature of the early nineteenth-century Russian book market, the rise of popular reading and advertising in Russia, and the gendered nature of critical discourse at this time. The Russian corporate Radcliffe assures the legacy and influence of Radcliffe in later Russian literature and culture, although a Radcliffe that represents much more than just the English author. Exploring the Russian corporate Radcliffe expands our understanding of early nineteenth-century Russian literary history through specific case studies that demonstrate the significant role played by both women writers and translation, an aspect of this history that is often overlooked.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Civilization – early works to 1800"
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McNally, Louis K. „The Weather of 1785: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Meteorological Reconstruction Using Forensic Synoptic Analysis“. Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/McNallyLK2004.pdf.
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Préfontaine, Jennifer. „Secrets des femmes“. Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98575.
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The goal of this thesis is a critical edition of the Secrets des femmes, a text attributed to Arnold de Vilanova. In the exegetic tradition, this attribution has been widely argued. Our preliminary findings lead to the same conclusions. The text composed in French couldn't have been written by Vilanova, who would have composed it in Latin, the language of the "clerks", or in Catalan, his first language. Critical tradition shows that the Secrets des femmes is based on three manuscripts. But we have demonstrated that the Mazarine's manuscript is not at the base of this work, but rather of a text entitled Les Termes et secrets des femmes. For the critical edition, which is the objective of our study, there is no doubt that the Arsenal's text is the basic manuscript, while the Vatican's manuscript is the Arsenal's metalanguage.
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Labriola, Daniele. „On Plato's conception of philosophy in the Republic and certain post-Republic dialogues“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4497.
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This dissertation is generally concerned with Plato's conception of philosophy, as the conception is ascertainable from the Republic and certain ‘post-Republic' dialogues. It argues that philosophy, according to Plato, is multi-disciplinary; that ‘philosophy' does not mark off just one art or science; that there are various philosophers corresponding to various philosophical sciences, all of which come together under a common aim: betterment of self through intellectual activity. A major part of this dissertation is concerned with Plato's science par excellence, ‘the science of dialectic' (he epistêmê dialektikê). The science of dialectic is distinguished in Plato by being concerned with Forms or Kinds as such; the science of dialectic, alone amongst the philosophical sciences, fully understands what it means for Form X to be a Form. I track the science of dialectic, from its showcase in Republic VI and VII, and analyze its place in relation to the other philosophical sciences in certain post-Republic dialogues. Ultimately, I show that, whilst it is not the only science constituting philosophy, Plato's science of dialectic represents the intellectual zenith obtainable by man; the expert of this science is the topmost philosopher. In this dissertation I also argue that Socrates, as variously depicted in these dialogues, always falls short of being identified as the philosopher par excellence, as that expert with positive knowledge of Forms as such. Yet I also show that, far from being in conflict, the elenctic Socrates and the philosopher par excellence form a complementary relationship: the elenctic philosopher gets pupils to think about certain things in the right way prior to sending them off to work with the philosopher par excellence.
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蔡瑞珩. „《鍼經指南》之鍼刺手法研究“. HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/132.
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《鍼經指南》為元代竇默，字漢卿，所著。其所記載的鍼刺手法上承《黃帝內經》、《難經》，下啟《金鍼賦》、《玉龍歌》、《鍼灸大成》等，為鍼刺手法發展史上里程碑，亦是後世各種複式手法發展的啟蒙。 本文通過對《鍼經指南》相關鍼刺手法的篇章進行整理，從＂呼吸補瀉＂、＂燃轉補瀉＂、＂提插補瀉＂、＂迎隨補瀉＂、＂寒熱補瀉＂，及＂手指補瀉十四法＂等方面展開分析，分別探討《鍼經指南》的學術淵源和《鍼經指南》對元明時期鍼刺手法發展的影響。最後將相關醫家觀點與《鍼經指南》中鍼刺手法理論進行對比分析，討論其異同點。 通過資料整理，學術思想的對比分析，筆者總結《鍼經指南》對鍼刺手法理論主要貢獻是：1.提出調息治神法﹔ 2.熱補涼瀉復合補瀉手法﹔ 3.＂提鍼豆許＂手法技巧﹔ 4.＂瀉南補北＂迎隨補瀉理論。元代與明代主要鍼灸醫家的手法技巧和鍼刺理論均從《鍼經指南》的內容中發展與推衍出來。 根據研究結果顯示，鍼刺手法自《鍼經指南》后空前發展。鍼刺補瀉理論體系更加完善，手法操作更加繁複。符合由簡而繁的事物發展規律。此外，後世醫家在臨床實踐中將《鍼經指南》的鍼刺手法理論與當代文化思想結合并產生新的鍼刺手法及鍼刺理論，從另一方面體現了理論與實踐相結合的哲學思想。 關鍵詞：誠刺手法﹔《鍼經指南》﹔竇漢卿
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Kotarcic, Ana. „Aristotle's concept of lexis : a theory of language and style“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7754.
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Aristotle's concept of lexis has been discussed by numerous scholars, yet no comprehensive account of lexis has been produced so far. To fill this gap in scholarship, this thesis offers a systematic analysis of Aristotle's concept of lexis by dividing it into three levels, which allow a step-by-step approach to understanding this multi-layered concept. By considering Plato's and Isocrates' thoughts on lexis, Chapter 1 outlines the intellectual context in which Aristotle's ideas on the concept of lexis developed. Chapters 2-5 focus on the three levels of lexis and Chapter 6 brings a concluding discussion of metaphor. In Chapter 2 the linguistic elements treated under the notion of lexis and Aristotle's theory of language are delineated. These not only present Aristotle's thoughts on language as an abstract system, but they also form the most fundamental level upon which the remainder of Aristotle's thoughts on the concept of lexis are based. Chapter 3 explores Aristotle's remarks regarding individuals' use of linguistic elements as determined by sociolinguistic factors. Aristotle's occasional statements about language usage within the concept of lexis provide valuable pieces of evidence for studies in sociolinguistics and for his ideas on lexis on its third level as discussed in Chapters 4 and 5. In Chapter 4 the intra-textual aspect of Aristotle's remarks on lexis as a means for the creation of different kinds of poetry and rhetoric, i.e. lexis as technē, is examined. In Chapter 5 extra-textual factors are considered and are followed by a discussion of the purpose and function of lexis on its third level. Chapter 6 concludes the discussion of lexis by focusing on metaphor, the linguistic and stylistic element par excellence treated under the notion of lexis, which further highlights the benefits of a three-level approach to Aristotle's concept of lexis.
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Littlehailes, Lucy Elizabeth. „Vital heat, conception and development in Aristotle“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a8e96b05-0ff7-4791-a65a-6135be68df57.
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In this account of the pan that heat plays in the conception and development of living substances according to Aristotle, I begin by examining the concept of heat. I discover that Aristotle uses a distinction between to thermon and thermotes: the former is, in living substances, material; the latter is never material, being the powerful aspect of heat. For example, an animal possesses heat (to thermon) which maintains it through its power (thermotes) to concoct. I then turn to the biological works. Conception, it seems, does not fit the standard account of change, but is rather a concoction, performed by the heat of the semen. Nor is the usual account of conception ascribed to Aristotle adequate: I attempt to demonstrate that he held a more moderate account in which pneuma, the nature of which is to thermon, is transmitted to the embryo. I then examine the development of the embryo, which is performed using to thermon as a tool. The transmission and development of the rational psuche in particular has often caused problems: I offer an account of the transmission of psuche from parent to embryo, and describe the part that pneuma plays in this transmission and in the development and operation of the various levels of psuche. Development extends from foetal development until adulthood, and this poses another problem for the standard account of change as it appears to be neither substantial nor accidental change, yet these are apparently exhaustive possibilities. I conclude that development, like conception, is a concoction performed by the vital heat. Finally, I turn to the conception and development of spontaneously generated animals, and of abnormal animals such as monsters. I demonstrate the relationship between these generations and sexual generation, and the significance of heat and pneuma.
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周瑩. „古代飲茶致病的文獻探究“. HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/127.
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中國茶文化源遠流長，茶作為一種日常飲品，與咖啡、可可並稱為世界三大無酒精飲料。近年來，隨著人們生活水平的日益提高，茶葉的保健功效越來越受到社會的重視。據各文獻史料記載，我國飲用茶葉已有千年曆史，記載有關茶葉的文獻古籍繁多。而一直以來，茶葉與“健康”一詞密不可分，古人經過歸納前人的記述總結出了茶葉的二十四功效，如清熱、消食、醒酒、去疾等，並對茶有著極高的評價，然而很少人注意到通過飲茶所達到的有利功效需要建立在適度飲茶，科學飲茶的前提下，盲目品飲只會起到相反效果。與此同時，隨著醫學經驗、藥學知識的日益豐富，不當飲茶所帶來的一些副作用同樣也引起了古代醫學家與茶人的重視，人們開始不僅只是單純的追求茶葉的口感，更多的是開始關注飲茶對身體的影響及飲茶時的身心體驗，通過自己多年的親身感悟，長期與他人的經驗分享，總結歸納出了飲茶的利弊，教導後人飲茶需有度，因人而飲。 本文擬在分析我國古代文獻中飲茶不當導致的疾病，尋找飲用單一味茶葉對人體所產生的不良反應，其中不包括複方茶及非茶之“茶”，通過歸納、整理，探究古代不當飲茶所造成的對人體的危害疾病，提出適度飲茶，健康飲茶，科學飲茶的觀念，為今後的茶學及醫學研究不當飲茶致病因素提供古代文獻線索依據。 關鍵字：過度飲茶，過派飲茶，飲茶致病
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Harrop, Patrick H. „Inseminate architecture : an archontological reading of Athanasius Kircher's Turris Babel“. Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56976.
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Among the vast assembly of Biblical mythology, the tower of Babel stands as an exclusive representation of the limits of human endeavor. As a paradigmatic extremity, it circumscribes the field of civic artifice. Babel is the absolute limit, and in that regard, its presence is enduring and timeless. The legacy of exegetic readings are textual shades, emanating from the point source of the paradigm. Athanasius Kircher's Turris Babel is an appropriate and intentional unfolding of this condition.Firstly, that in the awakening of the Baroque scholar to history, origin materializes as the sole legitimate chronological reference.
Secondly, that the paradigmatic extremities collapse into the empirical standard of the theoretical discourse.
This thesis is a speculative study of architecture, drawn through Turris Babel, in the shadow of the paradigmatic limits of Babel. Written in three parts, each dealing with the implications of artifice in confrontation with the post-Babel adversaries of dispersion, tyranny, and decay.
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朱加正 und Ka-ching Chu. „Reflections of the development and philosophy of Mathematics originating in a comparative study of Liu Hui's redaction of 'JiuZhang Suan Shu' and Euclid's 'Elements'“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211380.
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Letts, Melinda. „Questioning the patient, questioning Hippocrates : Rufus of Ephesus and the limits of medical authority“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:917c8cac-6fb4-4217-95df-8e3f9db8692f.
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Rufus of Ephesus's 'Quaestiones Medicinales' is an under-studied work by one of the most respected doctors of Greco-Roman antiquity. This thesis presents a new translation - the first in English of the complete work - and a reassessment of the treatise. I propose that, far from being a simple handbook teaching doctors how to take a patient history, as has hitherto been assumed, QM is an ardent plea for doctors to recognise the limits of their own knowledge and the indispensability of questioning the patient. I argue that QM articulates the idea that the aim of medicine cannot be achieved through medical knowledge alone, and that, in constructing the patient as an essential partner in diagnosis and decisions about treatment, Rufus implies a sharing of authority between doctor and patient that is noticeably different from the emphasis that other authors, particularly the determinedly hierarchical Galen, place on securing patients' obedience, a subject on which Rufus is noticeably silent. I argue that Rufus is unusual in the clarity and candour with which he perceives and acknowledges the limits of medical knowledge, in his conceptualisation of questioning as a discursive rather than a formulaic activity, in his explicit insistence that it must be addressed directly to the patient, in his psychological concept of habits, and in his recommendation of questioning as a strategy for resolving the tension between universal theory and individual experience. I look at modern cross-cultural research into the factors that drive patient compliance, and note that chief among them is patients feeling they are partners in the treatment process. This raises the question whether and to what extent the features that drive compliance are diachronically as well as cross-culturally consistent, and whether Rufus's shared authority model is more likely to have produced successful treatment outcomes than the autocratic paradigm promoted by Galen, and subsequently absorbed into Western medical tradition, that seems to have met with so much resistance.
Bücher zum Thema "Civilization – early works to 1800"
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Wilhelm, Humboldt. Diario de viaje a España, 1799-1800. Madrid: Cátedra, 1998.
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Plutarch. De gloria Atheniensium. Paris: Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne, 1985.
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Confuorto, Domenico. Nuov'aggiunta alli discorsi diversi tragici et amorosi occorsi in Napoli, o altrove a' napoletani. Napoli: Stamperia del Valentino, 2012.
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Paul, Lachance, Hrsg. Complete works. New York: Paulist Press, 1993.
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Oda, Ikugorō. Sangsŏ kimun: Taemado tʻongsa ka pon 18-segi Hanbando munhwa. 8. Aufl. Sŏul-si: Ihoe, 2005.
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The invention of Rome: Biondo Flavio's Roma triumphans and its worlds. Geneve: Droz, 2017.
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Venise dans l'Encyclopédie de Diderot et D'Alembert. Venezia: Lineadacqua, 2022.
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1938-, Ronconi Giorgio, Hrsg. Lettera d'un padovano al celebre signor abate Denina. Venezia: Marsilio, 2010.
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Li, Huang. Ou Zhou yuan gu wen hua shi. [Beijing: Beijing zhong xian tuo fang ke ji fa zhan you xian gong si, 2012.
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1674-1749?, Pirizade Mehmet Sahip, und Yıldırım Yavuz 1982-, Hrsg. Tercum̈e-i: Mukaddime tercümesi. İstanbul: Klasik Yayinlari, 2015.
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Del Vecchio, Antonio, und Raffaele Laudani. „Marcuse: il lavoro al di là della fatica“. In Idee di lavoro e di ozio per la nostra civiltà, 927–34. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0319-7.107.
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The essay examines Marcuse's refelction on labour, on its ontological status, its alienation and its possible liberation, starting from the early writings of the German philosopher and then focusing on his main works such as Eros and Civilization and One Dimensional Man as well as his later writings.
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Prieto, Moisés. „Corrupt and Rapacious: Colonial Spanish-American Past Through the Eyes of Early Nineteenth-Century Contemporaries. A Contribution from the History of Emotions“. In Palgrave Studies in Comparative Global History, 105–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0255-9_5.
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AbstractAround 1800, merchants, scientists and adventurers travelled to Latin America with different purposes. Their multifaceted interests in a world region, experiencing a threshold of independence from Spanish colonial rule, inspired new historical and political works about the continent’s recent past. The Enlightenment provided not only the philosophical armamentarium against corruption, but it also paved the way to a new expression of sentiments and to the loss of fear when addressing injustice. Some examples of these are Hipólito Villaroel’s list of grievances and Humboldt’s Political essay. These two authors provide some thoughts on the political landscape of New Spain (now Mexico), while the two Swiss physicians Rengger and Longchamp describe the ruthless and odd dictator Francia of independent Paraguay as a champion of anti-corruption. Finally, Argentine dictator Rosas—and his robberies as described by Rivera Indarte, Sarmiento and other anonymous authors—represent the embodiment of corruption through pure larceny, for whose crimes the Spanish colonial past apparently no longer served as a comparison.
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Goul, Pauline. „Is Ecology Absurd? Diogenes and the End of Civilization“. In Early Modern Écologies. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462985971_ch05.
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This chapter proposes to unravel the many ecological underpinnings of Diogenes of Sinope’s Cynicism. Perhaps thinking cynically about climate change requires going back to Ancient Cynicism in general, and Diogenes of Sinope in particular; within the argument of this volume, this chapter explores the resurgence of Diogenes and the particular tone of the works of François Rabelais and Michel Montaigne. It makes a convincing case for reading both of these authors less as polar opposites and more as thinkers of the ecological shift in early modern France.
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Chen, Song-Chuan. „A War of Words over ‘Barbarian’“. In Merchants of War and Peace. Hong Kong University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390564.003.0005.
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This chapter assesses a decade-long debate that occurred within the British community in Canton over how best to translate the word ‘yi夷’—as either ‘barbarian’ or ‘strangers’. The dispute first raged in the Canton Register for more than two years beginning in 1828, and played a key role in igniting the war argument in 1830. The community agreed that it meant ‘barbarian’, representing a Chinese conception of foreigners as uncivilised savages. The translation was in wide circulation after the 1835 war lobbying campaign in London and formed an integral part of the pro-war argument. However, by 1837 the Canton community belatedly retracted their earlier translation, believing that yi should be rendered into English as ‘strangers’. However, in the early Qing, the main word used to name Europeans and things European was xiyang (Western Ocean). This term was replaced by ‘yi’ after the 1750s, coinciding with the establishment of the Canton system. Yi was another part of the Chinese soft border that classified Europeans as ‘strangers’ to be kept out of the Chinese civilizational order and was also another ideological device used to shore up the port’s vested interests.
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Ellis, Katharine. „1800-1846“. In Interpreting the Musical Past, 3–41. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195176827.003.0001.
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Abstract The story of early music performance in nineteenth-century France has no clear beginning. Instead, it arises from eighteenth-century traditions that persisted despite changing ideologies brought by the Revolution, the Empire, the Restoration, and the July Monarchy. The new century saw a small number of works between 2 5 and 65 years old by Pergolesi, Durante, Jommelli, Rousseau, and Rameau (the latter heavily diluted)-survive the turmoil of the 1790s and achieve a place in the repertories of Paris’s leading musical institutions: the recently opened Conservatoire, the concerts spirituels, and the Opera.
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Wilentz, Sean. „The Labor Crisis of 1850“. In Chants Democratic, 363–90. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195174502.003.0011.
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Abstract The crisis began at a time when New York’s economic and political for tunes seemed sounder than ever. Local prices had recovered briefly in 1844 and 1845, only to dip again from 1846 until early 1847; by 1850, the recovery had resumed and the metropolitan economy was in full swing. City government was in the gentlemanly hands of the Whigs, their way to office opened by fresh splits within the Democracy; in the mayor’s office sat the stalwart lawyer and businessman Caleb Woodhull, a man of the new mercantile elite, a humanitarian who proposed building parks and improving sanitary conditions in the slums to uplift the poor, but who showed no reluctance about calling on the military to suppress lower-class unrest. The benevolent middle-class God was in His heaven; on earth, New York’s city fathers, businessmen, and manufacturers were busily doing His work, “heralding our modern civilization,” one clergyman proclaimed, “to con quests and results not possible before.”1 Like the breakneck expansion of the mid-183os, the city’s renewed prosperity had its perils for local wage earners. Although business was brisk, their incomes did not keep pace with rising retail prices and rents. Their jobs were no more secure with the ongoing division of labor and consequent sweating. Their confidence in city government was not rein forced by Mayor Woodhull’s handling of the Astor Place affray.
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Anderson, David. „W.G. Sebald’s Early Writing“. In Landscape and Subjectivity in the Work of Patrick Keiller, W.G. Sebald, and Iain Sinclair, 109–36. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198847199.003.0004.
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Chapter 3, ‘W.G. Sebald’s Early Writing: “A European at the End of European Civilization”’, begins by reading the long poem After Nature (1988) as one version of what Markus Zisselsberger has called Sebald’s ‘original journey’ from the Allgaü region of southern Germany to Manchester in the 1960s. It discusses and critiques his depiction of the city in that poem as well as ‘Max Ferber’ (the final story of 1996’s The Emigrants) and his early poem ‘Bleston. A Mancunian Cantical’ (1967). Reading these works, and their representation of Manchester, in light of Susan Sontag’s comments on Sebald as ‘a European at the end of European civilization’, the chapter shows how Sebald’s work combines fictional and factual histories to produce a rich texturology of place. At the same time, tracing Sebald’s work with the damaged histories of Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany, it stages his work in the context of Theodor Adorno’s famous comment on the ‘barbarism’ of writing poetry after Auschwitz.
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Brino, Omar. „Early Writings on Ethics“. In The Oxford Handbook of Friedrich Schleiermacher, 417–33. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198846093.013.25.
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Abstract The short Monologen (1800) and the broad Grundlinien einer Kritik der bisherigen Sittenlehre (1803) argue for an ethical perspective based on mutually “formative” (bildende) interactions between individuals and communities as well as between peculiarity and universality. Whereas in the Monologen this perspective is presented in an “effusive” and “evocative” style, the Grundlinien develop it at a theoretically deeper level, detailing an impressive systematic confrontation with ancient, modern, and contemporaneous philosophers. The Vertraute Briefe über die Lucinde von Schlegel (1800) also consider conjugal love and the relationship of sexes from a “formative” ethical perspective. There are some differences between these early works and the later writings, both in an attenuation of the more “ideal” and “prophetic” aspects and in an accentuation of the “institutional” and “pragmatic” ones; however, the republications of the Monologen until 1829 and the systematic relationships between the Grundlinien and the late academic papers demonstrate a specific continuity on important basic principles of Schleiermacher’s “formative” ethical thought.
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‘Connor, Thomas O. „Religious Change, 1550–1800¹“. In The Irish Book in English 1550-1800, 169–93. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199247059.003.0010.
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Abstract The press was an integral part of the religious revival that swept through early modern Ireland but the different doctrinal, political, and pastoral priorities that separated the reforming agencies, Catholic and Protestant, ensured that the book functioned in confessionally distinctive ways. For reforming Catholics, the encounter with God took place primarily through the sacraments, administered, in Latin, by a trained priest.² Here the potential of the press lay in modernizing the inherited devotional system, largely by providing the clergy with catechetical and homeletical material and supplying the laity with works of piety. For reforming Protestants, on the other hand, God was encountered in the Scriptures, a fact that tied the success of their mission to the provision of the vernacular Bible and form of service.
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Cliff, A. D., M. R. Smallman-Raynor, P. Haggett, D. F. Stroup und S. B. Thacker. „Population Changes: Magnitude, Mobility, and Disease Transfer“. In Infectious Diseases: A Geographical Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199244737.003.0016.
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The human population of the earth took the whole of its existence until 1800 to build to 1 billion. By 2000 it had exceeded 6 billion, more than doubling in the twentieth century alone. In 1800, the time taken to navigate the globe by sailing ship was about a year. Today, no two cities served by commercial aircraft are more than a couple of days apart. Since this is less than most disease incubation times, infected people can travel undetected—a concern noted from the early days of commercial air travel. Within developed countries, the rate of individual circulation (in terms of average distances travelled) has increased 1,000-fold in the last 200 years. While the processes of population growth and geographical churn have been at work for the whole of human history, it is in the last two centuries that the momentum of change has gathered increasing pace. As described in Section 2.1, McMichael (2004) recognizes four separate stages. (i) Early human settlements from c.5,000 to c.10,000 years ago enabled enzootic pathogens to enter Homo sapiens populations. Some of these encounters led to the emergence of many of today’s textbook infections: influenza, tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid, smallpox, measles, malaria, and many others. (ii) Eurasian military and commercial contacts c.1,500 to c.3,000 years ago with swapping of dominant infections between the Mediterranean and Chinese civilizations. As described in Section 2.2, the plagues and pestilences of classical Greece and Rome date from this period. (iii) European exploration and imperialism from c.1500 with the transoceanic spread of often lethal infectious diseases. The impact on the Americas, on Australasia, and on remote island populations is well known; ships’ crews and passengers were the devastating vectors. (iv) The fourth great transition is today’s globalization, acting through demographic change and accelerating levels of contacts between the different parts of the world to facilitate disease emergence, re-emergence, and spatial transfer. Global warming, the destabilization of environments, the unparalleled movement of peoples rapidly across the globe through air transport, are all part of an evolving host–microbe relationship (cf. Section 1.3.1).
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Civilization – early works to 1800"
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David, A. King. „Some remarks on Islamic scientific manuscripts and instruments and past, present, and future research“. In The Significance of Islamic Manuscripts. Al-Furqān Islamic Heritage Foundation, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.56656/100130.10.
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There are an estimated 10,000 scientific manuscripts in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish which, together with about 1,000 astronomical instruments, constitute the major sources for our knowledge of the exact sciences, astronomy and mathematics, in Islamic civilization. Most of these manuscripts and instruments date from after the most creative period of Islamic science, which spans the eighth to the fifteenth century. However, some late manuscripts also preserve for us earlier works which would otherwise be lost, and some late instruments bear features known to us only from early texts.
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Dmitriyev, Alexey. „The Welfare of Each and Everyone in Russian Legal Theory“. In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-24.
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The prerequisite for the study was the spread of views in the academic literature that the category of public welfare, without accounting for concretising factors, was a void abstraction, and that in Russia, public welfare was seen as the dominant principle over the individual. The main purpose of the study is to analyse the content of the term ‘the welfare of each and everyone’ in Russian legal theory. The author uses the methods of conceptual history and intellectual history to analyse the concept of ‘the welfare of each and everyone’ in the works of pre-revolutionary authors and the relationship between the concepts of ‘the welfare of each and everyone’ and ‘the common good’. The author determined that: ‘public welfare’ can be classified as fiction, purpose, method, interest and balance, depending on the context of use and semantic scope. The term ‘the welfare of each and every one’ became theoretically meaningful (as an objective, method, and interest), and was enshrined in law in Russian Empire in the XVIII -early XX centuries. The term was understood as achieving the common good, preserving the good of everyone and the reduction of public harm. Twentyfirst century Russian legal theory uses the related notion of ‘public welfare’, understood as a fiction, a goal, a method, an interest, a balance. The main findings of the study suggest that today the ‘public welfare’ is reduced to bringing benefits to anyone and everyone (D. I. Dedov), which is close to the historical understanding of ‘the welfare of each and every one’. The public welfare theory incorporates progressive elements such as the veil of ignorance, the win-win principle, and shapes institutions, resources, practices and formulates the issue of the emergence of a new generation of human rights.
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Strizhkova, Natalia. „Museum as an Institutional Form of Personal & Social Experiments: Project of Russian Avantgardism Artists“. In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-10.
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Museums as cultural institutions certainly reflect the sociocultural transformations of the new era and are changing with the new reality. Except for that, a museum is, by definition, an institution of memory, a keeper of history, it is based on adoption: the collection, successiveness and actualisation of past experience. What is perceived as innovation by contemporary society may have historical roots and be an actualisation of innovations of a bygone era. Modern museum development recalls a global project undertaken by Russian avant-garde artists in the early 20th century, and implying the institutional modernisation of museums. This study addresses a project taken on by avant-garde artists for the modernisation of museums in the context of general cultural construction, in cooperation with the Soviet Government. The research methodology is based on a conjunction of a historical study and culturological analysis, primarily the concept of the institutional approach. The study consisted in looking through archival documents: The Fund of the People’s Commissariat for Education and its departments (declarations, provisions, resolutions, decrees, minutes of meetings, correspondence, protocols and statements of estimates, inventory books of the State Museum Fund etc.), personal funds of artists and cultural figures, their theoretical works, articles, correspondence. A holistic inter-disciplinary approach combining historical and culturological analysis with prospects for contemporary sociocultural development and the role of museums is seen as a promising novelty of the research. Russian avantgardism as an artistic and sociocultural phenomenon has remained of great interest for a century. Different studies shed light only on separate aspects of this vast topic in different scientific contexts. The examination of the museum project by avant-garde artists under this study allows us to conclude that they were the first to undertake the institutional modernisation of museums by considering them in the focus of new demands of time and society, innovative programmes as forms of personal initiatives and experiments expressed in the broad public space of artistic culture.
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Iblova, Radmila. „LANDSCAPE OF HUMANISM“. In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2024/fs06.16.
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The place to live and the living space fundamentally shape each person and the possibilities of their own existence. The landscape of humanism defines an environment where the unique local landscape and architecture inspire people to free their minds from the principles and rules that protect the supremacy of the powerful in a way that invites new exploration. The landscape of humanism, as conceived in my work, begins to be born during the early 13th century in central Italy. The progenitor who initiated this transformation by his life example is Saint Francis of Assisi. The life of this man subsequently influenced European civilization not only in the spiritual and philosophical sphere, but also in the sphere of material aesthetics, represented by beautiful art and architecture. The landscape of humanism, thanks to the personal influence of Saint Francis, has helped to give birth to a new creative generation whose works are beginning to speak not only in the local italian language, but at the same time are beginning to use the local landscape and architecture to tell the life stories of people who are not written about in The Bible and who are not the powers of this world. Through this milestone, it is the creative freedom of the new generation that has helped to change the mindset, the rules and the laws of those who set them. In the landscape of humanism, works whose creators are already known by name and whose authorship can be documented appear in art and architecture. A whole new chapter of art history begins here, as citizen investors appear whose influence on the subject of the artwork is evident. The business relationship between the investor and the artist sets new rules and this collaboration begins to influence the creation and existence of the artwork itself. The artistic centre of the landscape of humanism is the Florentine Republic, whose exceptionally successful commercial potential in 13th-century Europe granted it an unexpected autonomy and a position of eminence. Florentine Republic was so influenced by the legacy of Saint Francis that it became the cradle of artists who began to write new rules, were personally responsible for their work to the investor, and received financial rewards for their work, of which there is already written evidence. Florence is the city that is the cradle of a new generation of artists able to author the expression of their work for their client. The personalities who transformed central Italy into a landscape of humanism, and at the same time represent the artistic beginning of the liberation of the mind and spirit from the dictates of the times, are the subject of this work. The authorial differences of the selected artists, differing in their elaboration and in the way of depicting the same assignment, are the purpose of my thesis. The aim of this thesis is to present the landscape of humanism through the artists whose works of art represent this transformation, which at the same time has provided artists with a dignified and desirable place in the hierarchy of the society. The artists working in the landscape of humanism that will be examined in my thesis are Bonaventura Berlinghieri, Coppo di Marcovaldo, Giunta Pisano and Cimabue.