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Kirby, Adam M., J. Eric Dietz, Eric T. Matson, Joseph F. Pekny und Cliff Wojtalewicz. „Major city evacuation planning using simulation modeling“. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 6, Nr. 4 (09.11.2015): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-07-2014-0058.
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Purpose – This study aims to provide data on the optimal staff, materials, space and time resources required to operate a regional hub reception center, a “short-term facility with the goal to process and transport displaced survivors (evacuees) to temporary or permanent shelters following a catastrophic incident” (Bonabeau, 2002). The facility will process approximately 20,000 evacuees over its entire seven-day duration following a disaster to assist in community resilience. Design/methodology/approach – The study was performed using a model created using the computer simulation software, AnyLogic. The software allowed for simulations to be performed on each of the three criteria: minimizing the space needed to run the hub, minimizing individual throughput time and minimizing total operation time. Findings – The results of the study demonstrated that the goals set forth by the Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin Regional Catastrophic Planning Team could be improved upon and that the largest contributing factor to optimizing the regional hub reception center (RHRC) is finding the optimal number of total staff members to operate the facility. Originality/value – The value of the study lies in creating a life-saving environment for evacuees who could otherwise not evacuate themselves. The assistance provided by the RHRC gives displaced survivors a safe and organized method for evacuating a large city after a disaster. The study shows how computer models can help improve resilience in an urban area by planning the most efficient methods for evacuating it should it be necessary.
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Makarov, V. L., R. A. Bakhtizin, G. L. Beklaryan und A. S. Akopov. „Simulation modeling of the smart city system: The concept, methods, and cases“. Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 19, Nr. 2 (28.02.2020): 226–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.19.2.226.
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Subject. The research investigates key processes of urban life and its maintenance, including food supply, infrastructure, fire security, quality and accessibility of medical services, etc. The article also discusses the creation of a system supporting the Smart City decision-making process. Objectives. The research develops methods and tools to manage the Smart City system through system dynamics and agent-based modeling. Methods. Using simulation modeling, namely system dynamics and agent-based modeling (supported via Powersim and AnyLogic), we evaluate how multiple guiding parameters influence crucial characteristics of the Smart City system. Results. We devised an approach to designing the Smart City system through methods of system dynamics and agent-based modeling (supported via Powersim and AnyLogic) intended to streamline the decision making process for reasonable urban planning. Conclusions and Relevance. We propose the consolidated architecture of the Smart City decision-making system integrating the simulation models, data storage and city monitoring subsystem. The article describes the cases of simulation models implemented via Powersim and AnyLogic to support rational urban planning. The simulation models will significantly improve the quality of urban environment, satisfy the demand for food products, provide access to healthcare services and ensure effective rescue actions in case of emergency.
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Zhang, Hui, und Zhuang Yu. „Research on Energy Saving Design of Urban Planning under Climatic Environment Influence“. Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (Dezember 2012): 1254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1254.
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City climate, as one of the important component of city environment, plays an important role in affecting city space environment and urban planning. Taking the city Wu Han as a case, this paper introduces how to apply the CFD simulation of the digital model of metropolis to thermal environment study. Based on the phenomena of the thermal environment, tropical island effect and analysis, effective simulation results and the appropriate measures are given. Based on the analysis, some technical measures were discussed, such as city distribution, space shape and open space. According to the proof analysis, these measures are effective methods to improve the thermal environment of metropolis, and it is helpful to deal with the climate adaptability problems and energy saving design of the city.
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Yu, Deng, Liu Yanxu und Fu Bojie. „Urban growth simulation guided by ecological constraints in Beijing city: Methods and implications for spatial planning“. Journal of Environmental Management 243 (August 2019): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.087.
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Yi, Pingtao, Weiwei Li und Lingyu Li. „Evaluation and Prediction of City Sustainability Using MCDM and Stochastic Simulation Methods“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 10 (18.10.2018): 3771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103771.
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City sustainability is an important issue in the urbanization process. In this paper, the sustainability of 14 cities in Liaoning province in China is evaluated and predicted. The process of evaluating city sustainability is viewed as a multi-criteria decision-making problem. A simple additive weighting method is used for aggregating the normalized sustainability criteria data, built based on the three-pillar model and the associated weights. The results indicate that although the sustainability of the cities in Liaoning province is not perfect, the cities show better development momentum. For example, only two cities’ (Shenyang and Dalian) average performance scores in 2010–2016 were over 0.5, but all the cities’ sustainability improved in 2016 compared to 2010. We develop a stochastic simulation procedure used for predicting a city’s sustainability in future years. Many prediction results were obtained, including the maximum, minimum, and average performance scores of the cities, the pairwise priority matrix representing the ratio of one city outperforming another, and the ranking of cities’ sustainability with probabilities. The prediction results indicate various degrees of increase for almost all the cities’ sustainability in the future, which is consistent with the judgment of better development momentum determined from the evaluation results. Moreover, the cities of Dandong, Panjin may exceed Shenyang, Dalian, and rank in the top among all the cities in future years.
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Liu, Pu, und Zheng Hong Peng. „Three-Dimensional Modeling of Virtual City: Taking MultiGenCreator for Example“. Advanced Materials Research 711 (Juni 2013): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.711.617.
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The three-dimensional modeling of virtual city is one of the most basic and most important work in the simulation system of virtual city. This paper mainly summarizes the basic content and the key technologies of the three-dimensional modeling of virtual city, sets forth the modeling steps and methods based on MultiGenCreator and finally gives a brief summary of the application of this technology in urban planning and construction and geographic information system.
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Shi, Dan, und Lixin Song. „Research on the Application of Deep Learning Technology Oriented to the Construction and Innovation of Smart City Image Cognition“. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (05.01.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9809495.
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City image is the observer’s subjective impression of the city image. It is an important content of urban geography and planning research and has important guiding significance for shaping a unique urban space. Cognitive research on traditional urban imagery is mainly by means of questionnaires and image sketches. It has problems such as high cost, low update frequency, and limited data coverage, which cannot meet the needs of quantitative research on smart cities and urban economic development in the information age. With the advent of the era of big data and the development of Internet technology, there are more and more quantitative research results on smart city image cognition with the help of big data and deep learning technology. It will be a feasible way to apply it to urban image research. This article combines the development and transformation of smart cities with the transformation of urban planning and leads to an innovation in the construction of urban image cognition based on urban image, active representation data as the data source, and deep learning as the core technology. The theoretical connotation and cognitive dimension of urban imagery are expanded to establish a cognitive model of urban imagery. The city image is cognitively analyzed from three dimensions: image structure, image type, and image evaluation. Specific cities are taken as examples to verify the applicability and scientificity of the cognitive methods and models, so as to enhance the practicality and applicability of urban imagery in urban planning. At the same time, this research is used to answer the development dilemma of big data, summarize the development trend of big data, and explore the new changes that artificial intelligence brings to urban planning. The experimental results show that the model we designed efficiently evaluates the image of the city and can also effectively recognize the image of the city in the main urban area of Chongqing.
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Polat, N. „LIDAR DERIVED 3D CITY MODELLING“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-4/W3-2020 (23.11.2020): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-4-w3-2020-339-2020.
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Abstract. With the developing computer technologies and increasing data variety, academic and commercial studies started to move from 2 dimensions to 3 dimensions and within the concept of 3D Spatial Information Technology; Many new products and methods have emerged, such as the Digital Earth, Smart City, Virtual Reality, Intelligent Transportation Systems. 3D models of cities are now produced as well as 2D maps. These models can be used in many areas from urban planning, navigation applications, modelling of ancient cities to training and simulation applications. In this context, there are a few data set such as aerial images and LiDAR data, that can be used as 3D data source for modelling purposes. Within the scope of the study, an automatic 3D city model was produced with Envi LiDAR software.
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Debnath, Ripan, Christopher Pettit und Simone Zarpelon Leao. „Geodesign Approaches to City Resilience Planning: A Systematic Review“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 2 (14.01.2022): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020938.
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The increased frequency of extreme events facing society is placing mounting pressure on cities and regions that need more robust resilience planning against growing uncertainty. Data augmented participatory methods, such as geodesign, offer much promise in supporting strategic planning to make our cities and regions more resilient. In that context, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of geodesign practices in resilience planning, through a systematic review of the selected 487 studies available from various bibliographic databases. The results indicate that a total of 75 studies were connected to resilience thinking, with a focus on climate change, floods, and sea level rise risks. A significant cluster of those resilience-related studies worked, especially, on improving sustainability. A detailed analysis of 59 relevant geodesign case studies revealed a strong underlying emphasis on disaster risk reduction and management activities. This study also noticed two prominent approaches among the analysed case studies to future city scenario planning: computational (41 studies), and collaborative (18 studies). It is recommended that an explicit integration of these two approaches into the geodesign approach can assist future city resilience planning endeavours. Thus, future research should further investigate the utility of integrating data-driven modelling and simulation within a collaborative scenario planning process, the usability of digital tools such as planning support systems within a collaborative geodesign framework, and the value of the plan’s performance evaluation during resilience decision-making. Another area for future work is increased community engagement in city resilience practices. The geodesign approach can provide a comprehensive framework for bringing communities, decision-makers, experts, and technologists together to help plan for more resilient city futures. Finally, while geodesign’s explicit role in empirical resilience implementations has been found to be low in this systematic review study, there are significant opportunities to support evidence-based and collaborative city resilience planning and decision-making activities.
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Wang, Jiayu, und Tian Chen. „A Multi-Scenario Land Expansion Simulation Method from Ecosystem Services Perspective of Coastal Urban Agglomeration: A Case Study of GHM-GBA, China“. Land 11, Nr. 11 (30.10.2022): 1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11111934.
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Balancing urban development and ecosystem conservation in the context of natural resource scarcity can provide scientific guidance for land use planning. We integrated research methods, such as ecosystem services (ES) assessment, coastal vulnerability assessment, multi-objective linear planning, and land use change simulation, to develop a new model framework for multi-scenario urban land expansion simulation based on ecosystem services. In relation to the land use scale and constraints, we simulated three types of scenarios in 2035, including a status quo continuity scenario (SCS), economic development scenario (EDS), and ecological protection scenario (EPS), to explore the ideal land use optimization strategies to enhance ES and land use efficiency. The results indicated that the scale of construction land under the three scenarios grew, and arable land and grassland had the largest losses. The continued urban expansion in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area has already had a significant negative impact on ecosystem services and could result in a total ESV loss of USD 28.1 billion by 2035 if an economic-first development model is adopted. Based on the hotspots of urban construction land expansion in the ecological–economic priority game, we proposed a classification and optimization strategy for land use, including proactive restoration of damaged ecological spaces with high ESVs (Zhaoqing City and Huizhou City), optimization of green space quality and formation of ecological corridors (Guangzhou City, Shenzhen City, Hong Kong, and Macao), and implementation of natural resource conservation planning and spatial regulation in the urban–rural integration area (Foshan City and Dongguan City). This research framework scientifically allocates the “quality” of ecosystem values and “quantity” of natural resources and provides a reference for regional “bottom-up” territorial spatial planning.
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Li, Jing, Da Wei Xiao, Juan Fu, Da Dong He und Cheng Wei. „Research on Passive Planning and Design of Green Campus in Subtropical Region“. Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (Dezember 2014): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.252.
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The Passive Planning and Design is used in the new campus of the first senior middle school in Maoming city, Guangdong province, China. Oriented by regional climate, the design has beneficially explored the way of implementation of green campus in Subtropical Region. During the whole design process, the Computer Simulation Environment technology is combined with the regular design methods, cooperating with multi professional fields such as planning, architecture, landscape and pyrology. After building energy consumption calculation, the goal of energy conservation and environmental protection is achieved.
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Lee, Sewon, und Kyung Sun Lee. „Optimization of Apartment-Complex Layout Planning for Daylight Accessibility in a High-Density City with a Temperate Climate“. Energies 13, Nr. 16 (12.08.2020): 4172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164172.
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As interest in sustainable design increases, many methods have been suggested to develop an integrated sustainable design process. However, due to the lack of a scientific procedure using parametric tools for an objective evaluation, it is difficult to move forward with integrated sustainable design. In addition, the design priority of the indoor environment is still relatively low because of the score composition of the green-building certification system. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a simulation tool and method to help apartment-complex layout planning in urban contexts by focusing on the indoor daylight environment. In particular, Korean cities are densely formed with high-rise buildings in a small area, so the Korean Building Act has complicated provisions to reduce overshadowing between buildings. To reduce unnecessary wasted time while checking these complicated regulations, a simulation was used to automatically check building offsets. Galapagos, a component of Rhino-Grasshopper, was used to apply a genetic algorithm that discovered optimized results. A standard flat-type apartment complex in Seoul was analyzed with the developed tools in order to compare the existing plan with an optimized layout. The results of the simulation and the suggested analysis methods can help in the initial planning stages of an integrated sustainable design in a high-density city with a temperate climate. This allows architects to utilize the proposed results or use them as a reference for further modification and design.
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Wang, Yuxue, Juxiu Tong, Bill X. Hu und Heng Dai. „Combining Isotope and Hydrogeochemistry Methods to Study the Seawater Intrusion: A Case Study in Longkou City, Shandong Province, China“. Water 14, Nr. 5 (02.03.2022): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050789.
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In order to study hydrogeochemical effect in the process of seawater intrusion (SI), and provide scientific basis for comprehensive management of water resources and water ecological restoration, the Longkou city of Shandong province in China was taken as an example in this study. Based on the observed data, traditional hydrogeochemistry methods of hydrochemistry analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and reverse geochemical simulation was firstly comprehensively combined with stable isotope tracing in Longkou city, and this is the first study to use the isotope method to study SI in the study area. The results showed Cl− had high correlation with Na+, Mg2+, and K+. The hydrochemical types of groundwater in Longkou city were mainly HCO3.Cl-Na.Ca, and HCO3.Cl-Ca, showing the evolution of HCO3-Ca to HCO3.Cl-Na to Cl-Na from the inland to the coastline. Stable isotopes analysis with δ2H, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr indicated the main source of groundwater was atmospheric precipitation. The SI degree was the strongest at the junction of the west and north coast zones, with high values of δ2H and δ18O. The high Sr2+ concentration of groundwater was mainly from SI and groundwater–rock interactions. In the SI process, the mixing of seawater and fresh water took place first, and then different degrees of cation exchange and mineral dissolution and sedimentation occurred. Results of reverse hydrogeochemical simulation showed dolomite and quartz precipitated, with negative migrated masses of 1.38 × 10−3 and 1.08 × 10−5 mol/L on simulation Path 1, respectively, where calcite, halite, and gypsum dissolved with positive migrated masses of 2.89 × 10−3, 3.52 × 10−3, and 4.66 × 10−4 mol/L, respectively, while dolomite and gypsum precipitated and calcite, halite, and quartz dissolved on simulation Path 2. On simulation Path 3, the dolomite, gypsum, halite, and quartz were dissolved, and calcite was precipitated, with a negative migrated mass of 1.77 × 10−4 mol/L.
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Hong, Tao, Lulu Li und Bing Wang. „The Planning and Construction Path of Innovative and Intelligent Park Cities Based on Big Data Technology“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (13.04.2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6049677.
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By analyzing the historical background of the times and summarizing the current situation of urban development research at home and abroad, we find that there is a lack of theoretical and practical research related to intelligent park cities. Therefore, this paper first starts with the connotation of park city theory, focuses on the improvement of planning methods, and studies the application paths of big data technology in the planning and construction of park cities. Taking Jinzhai Country as the research object, this paper further illustrates the applicability of this research method at the macrolevel. In the context of the park city, we analyze the problems of the current status of city construction in general and explore the path of “planning concept first, big data-assisted design” for innovative and intelligent city construction. According to the study, the overlook corridor control has an impact on the building height. In terms of landscape protection, overlook system simulation is the other key factor. In addition, the analytic hierarchy process is the basis for development intensity control. The results show that big data technology can assist in the landscape conservation, morphology formation, and efficient operation of Jinzhai Country Park City. Our aim is to achieve the protection and utilization of its ecological environment and natural resources and thus to comprehensively coordinate the multidimensional urban spaces and build a park city model. As an urban development model that meets the requirements of being “people-oriented, efficient, green, and aesthetic” in the new stage, park cities need to be faced by researchers in order to further realize the overall city goal and vision for the whole society to be smart. It also provides relevant design ideas and methods for the planning and construction of park cities in other similar cities or regions.
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Czyńska, K. „Application of Lidar Data and 3D-City Models in Visual Impact Simulations of Tall Buildings“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (30.04.2015): 1359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-1359-2015.
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The paper examines possibilities and limitations of application of Lidar data and digital 3D-city models to provide specialist urban analyses of tall buildings. The location and height of tall buildings is a subject of discussions, conflicts and controversies in many cities. The most important aspect is the visual influence of tall buildings to the city landscape, significant panoramas and other strategic city views. It is an actual issue in contemporary town planning worldwide. Over 50% of high-rise buildings on Earth were built in last 15 years. Tall buildings may be a threat especially for historically developed cities – typical for Europe. Contemporary Earth observation, more and more available Lidar scanning and 3D city models are a new tool for more accurate urban analysis of the tall buildings impact. The article presents appropriate simulation techniques, general assumption of geometric and computational algorithms – available methodologies and individual methods develop by author. The goal is to develop the geometric computation methods for GIS representation of the visual impact of a selected tall building to the structure of large city. In reference to this, the article introduce a Visual Impact Size method (VIS). Presented analyses were developed by application of airborne Lidar / DSM model and more processed models (like CityGML), containing the geometry and it’s semantics. Included simulations were carried out on an example of the agglomeration of Berlin.
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Kuboszek, Artur, Arkadiusz Boczkowski, Paweł Kocot, Marcin Midziak, Julia Pociask, Krystian Przybyła, Klaudia Radziejewska und Katarzyna Rosół. „Determination of Traffic Noise on the Selected Area of the City of Zabrze“. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 4, Nr. 1 (01.09.2021): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2021-0026.
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Abstract The article is a substantive summary of research conducted by the Institute of Production Engineering of the Silesian University of Technology in Zabrze, covering the determination of ways to reduce traffic noise in the selected area of the city of Zabrze using measurement and simulation methods. The analysis was conducted within the Project Based Learning (PBL) project which aimed at teaching a selected group of students teamwork, synthesizing information from various sources, making decisions and taking responsibility for them, planning and organizing work and proper time management.
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Narantsogt, Nasanbayar, und Ulf Mohrlok. „Evaluation of MAR Methods for Semi-Arid, Cold Regions“. Water 11, Nr. 12 (02.12.2019): 2548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122548.
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Mongolia is a semi-arid, highly continental region with highly variable precipitation and river discharge. The groundwater aquifer located near Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia, is the only one source for city water supply consumption, and it is important to ensure that groundwater is available now and in the future. The main watercourse near the capital city is the Tuul River, fed by precipitation in the Khentii Mountains. The semi-arid and cold environment shows high variability in precipitation and river discharge. However, due to absence of precipitation in winter and spring, the riverbed usually runs dry during these times of the year, and weather observations show that the dry period has been extending in recent years. However, in parallel with urban development, the extended groundwater aquifer has shown a clear decline, and the groundwater levels have dropped significantly. Therefore, a groundwater management system based on managed aquifer recharge is proposed, and a strategy to implement these measures in the Tuul River valley is presented in this paper. This strategy consists of the enhancement of natural recharge rates during the wet summer from the northern drainage canal, an additional increase in groundwater recharge through melting the ice storage in the dry period, as well as the construction of underground dams to accumulate groundwater and a surface water reservoir that releases a constant discharge in the outlet. To increase natural recharge rates of groundwater during the early dry period through the melting ice storage period, the MATLAB icing code, which was written for ice storage for limited and unlimited areas, was considered through finite element subsurface FLOW (FEFLOW) simulation scenarios as a water source in ice form on the surface. A study of the artificial permafrost of underground as an ice dam was processed in FEFLOW simulation scenarios for accumulating groundwater resources. The results of these artificial recharging methods were individually calculated, combined, and compared with the surface reservoir, which releases a constant discharge through the dam. In this paper, new ideas are presented involving managed aquifer recharge—MAR methods, and include application to aufeis, a mass of layered ice for groundwater recharge by melting. Additionally, the accumulation of groundwater using artificial permafrost is used as an underground dam. In addition, was considered recharging scenario only with constant release water amount from water reservoir also with all MAR methods together with reservoir combination.
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Moroz, D. G., S. S. Titova und A. A. Chernyshev. „APPLICATION OF PASSENGER FLOW ANALYSIS METHODS TO RESTRUCTURING THE PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF THE LEVOBEREZHNY DISTRICT OF MOSCOW“. World of Transport and Transportation 17, Nr. 5 (07.06.2020): 268–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-5-268-284.
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One of the key problems when ensuring the quality of life of residents of large cities of the world is to raise the transport services standards. Among the main aspects of solving this problem is the search for the optimal distribution of flows of personal and ground public municipal passenger transport. In this regard the planning, design, and localization of multifunctional transport interchange hubs (hereinafter – TIH) take on great significance. The experience of their arrangement has received wide acceptance in many countries of the world. In recent years Moscow has also been actively working on the design and construction of TIH; large-scale projects of transport infrastructure facilities construction are being developed. The TIH system should be capable of flexible response to changing transport needs of the population and to their realistic transformation to effectively ensure transport mobility of the population.The objective of the study is to test the passenger flow analysis methods and their application for simulation of the organization and planning of the transport interchange hub in a large district of the city, planning of the route network of municipal passenger transport.The route network of suburban and intercity transport of Northern Administrative District of Moscow has been reviewed. The passenger traffic within the TIHs Rechnoy vokzal and Khovrino has been analyzed.Based on the study, the authors propose to change the route network of ground urban passenger transport. The implementation of route network changing proposals can shorten the time spent on passenger travel and transfer. It is the authors’ opinion that the developed route network is more effective than the existing one and meets the design standards and requirements approved by local city regulations.
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Kolobova, Svetlana V. „Investment planning of measures for rehabilitation of industrial residential buildings in Berlin based on simulation models“. Vestnik MGSU, Nr. 2 (Februar 2020): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.2.257-270.
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Introduction. The article examines the German experience of the investment policy of rehabilitation of industrial panel residential buildings. Based on scientific research, the Senate of Berlin decided on the need for rehabilitation of panel housing of the city. German scientists developed an investment policy for supporting the programme of panel housing rehabilitation. Special attention was paid to investment planning and analysis of investments in the programme.
Materials and methods. Investment planning of measures for rehabilitation of industrial residential buildings in Berlin carried out from 1990 to 2000 was analysed in the course of the study. The classification of investment payback procedure was investigated. The profitability of investment projects is determined by well-known methods of investment accounting: static and dynamic ones. The German concept of integrated investment analysis system through SIB simulation model programmes is studied.
Results. The SIB simulation model is a part of the general investment analysis system. The selection criteria identified in the model should promote investment analysis and facilitate the search for solutions. The OSIM programme performs the actual simulation of solvency and investment accounts. The SOSIM programme specifies the data to control the OSIM simulation programme. Control data are entered and stored in the SAUS programme. The programmes aim at their systematic application to make the considered investments transparent and explainable.
Conclusions. The profitability of the rehabilitation programme was determined using well-known methods of investment simulation. When rehabilitating the panel houses, the following parameters were obtained: restoration of physical and moral deterioration of the housing stock, reduction of operating costs, providing people living quality, criteria of demand for housing services and acceptable rent cost, satisfaction of tenants in terms of price-to-quality relation, location and social facilities, employment opportunities, identifying demand for affordable housing. The positive results of the applying investment modeling methods can be used to calculate the profitability of budget investments in the state programme of renovation in Moscow.
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Le Minh Tuan und Ilkhomzhon S. Shukurov. „Computational fluid dynamics analysis for thermal-wind environment simulation of urban street in Hanoi city“. Vestnik MGSU, Nr. 3 (März 2020): 368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.3.368-379.
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Introduction. One of the most important tasks in architecture and urban planning is to create the most optimal, comfortable and safe environment for human's live, work and leisure. This issue cannot be solved without taking into account the environment factor such as temperature and wind in a city. Modeling of the urban thermal-wind regime has been carried out to assess the temperature and air speed of the city streets of Hanoi.
Materials and methods. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) uses numerical methods to solve fluid mechanics equations by using a computer model to predict flow fields. In this study, author has used ANSYS 19.1 of the FLUENT software package to conduct the model analysis of urban street thermal environments. The study conducted a series of experimental procedures in urban street alleys that were oriented towards placement in the urban area of Trung Hoa Nhan Chinh in the Thanh Xuan district, Hanoi cit.
Results. The highest temperatures were observed around the southeast side of the buildings in the urban area of Trung Hoa Nhan Chinh. Thus, a decrease in building density and maintaining the distance between buildings will contribute to the movement of the wind to cool city streets.
Conclusions. The greatest contribution to the work has been created by using a micro-weather station. Analysis of the assessment of the surrounding buildings, landscaping, shade and human activities can recommend measurable improvement the thermal comfort of the streets.
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Li, Duo. „Urban Planning Image Feature Enhancement and Simulation Based on Partial Differential Equation Method“. Advances in Mathematical Physics 2021 (01.09.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1700287.
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Based on the introduction of the basic ideas and related technologies of partial differential equations, as well as the method of path planning, the application of partial differential equations in solving urban path planning is studied. The path planning model of partial differential equations and the setting of obstacle boundary conditions are introduced, and adaptive. Theoretical research and experimental results show that it is feasible and effective to solve urban path planning by partial differential equations, which provides a new way for urban path planning research ideas and methods. This paper proposes an image detection algorithm based on diffusion equation. According to the logarithmic transformation, the multiplicative speckle noise in the image can be converted into additive noise. We first perform logarithmic transformation on the image and then use the denoising model of the diffusion equation to filter out the noise in the image and then use the logarithm to recognize the image. The difference image is obtained by the domain difference method, and finally, the difference image is classified by the clustering algorithm, and the change area is extracted. Experiments show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the effect of multiplicative speckle noise on the change detection results, improve the accuracy of change detection, and shorten the change detection time. This article takes the path planning problem of a two-dimensional space city as an example to discuss the application of partial differential equations. According to the principle of energy conservation, this paper uses the two-dimensional space radiant heat conduction equation as an example to model and illustrate the solution of the path planning problem.
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Huang, Shiyuan, Pengfei Liu, Hongqin Zhang und Zhipeng Ding. „Research on SWMM Runoff Control Index Decomposition Based on Constraint Optimization Method“. E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123704008.
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The “Sponge City Construction Technical Guide” mentions the method for decomposing and implementing the annual total runoff control rate: volume method and model simulation method. Through research, it is found that the two are based on the control detailed planning level in decomposing the scale parameters of LID facilities. The indicators to each block are allocated through repeated tests through experience and trial calculations, resulting in a lack of scientific rationality in the process and results of the indicator decomposition, and because the Guide is still in the trial stage, there are few researches on the decomposition of runoff control indicators represented by SWMM. Therefore, with the help of MATLAB’s constraint optimization module and SWMM hydro-hydraulic model, this study proposes a complete set of decomposition ideas and methods for the decomposition and implementation of the annual runoff total control rate in the special planning of sponge city, and the index decomposition process through relevant cases Elaborate.
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Chamseddine, Zineb, und Asmaa Ait Boubkr. „Understanding Gender, Income and Travel Behavior in Casablanca City – Morocco“. Open Transportation Journal 15, Nr. 1 (31.12.2021): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447802115010272.
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Objective: The purpose of this paper is to extend the research on gendered differences in travel behavior in developing countries by analyzing travel behavior variability within as well as across gender and income groups in the case of Casablanca city. Methods: Data from the 2018 Casablanca Travel Survey show that overall, women are less mobile than men, make fewer work-related trips and more household maintenance trips, but these differences are heterogeneously distributed across income groups. With the increase in income, women tend to carry out more trips than men; the inverse is observed for the middle- and low-income categories. Results: While for the lowest income groups, walking is the most predominant mode for both men and women, we notice that the private car has the highest modal share within the highest income groups as with the increase in household income, both genders avoid non-motorized transport modes. The particular status of women in some households as breadwinners and reproducers as well as the socio-cultural context of the city shape their mobility and the choice of their activities. Conclusion: Hence, these findings suggest, from a policy perspective, that the public transit system along with spatial planning strategies need to be improved to help overcome women's mobility constraints, especially when they belong to low-income households so they can fully access the city amenities and opportunities. On the other hand, transport policies need to be not only gender-sensitive but also “vulnerable groups” sensitive as mobility impediments are similarly experienced by males and females in some contexts.
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Jiang, L., Y. Chen und H. Wang. „Urban flood simulation based on the SWMM model“. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 368 (06.05.2015): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-368-186-2015.
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Abstract. China is the nation with the fastest urbanization in the past decades which has caused serious urban flooding. Flood forecasting is regarded as one of the important flood mitigation methods, and is widely used in catchment flood mitigation, but is not widely used in urban flooding mitigation. This paper, employing the SWMM model, one of the widely used urban flood planning and management models, simulates the urban flooding of Dongguan City in the rapidly urbanized southern China. SWMM is first set up based on the DEM, digital map and underground pipeline network, then parameters are derived based on the properties of the subcatchment and the storm sewer conduits; the parameter sensitivity analysis shows the parameter robustness. The simulated results show that with the 1-year return period precipitation, the studied area will have no flooding, but for the 2-, 5-, 10- and 20-year return period precipitation, the studied area will be inundated. The results show the SWMM model is promising for urban flood forecasting, but as it has no surface runoff routing, the urban flooding could not be forecast precisely.
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Zhao, Yabo, Dixiang Xie, Xiwen Zhang und Shifa Ma. „Integrating Spatial Markov Chains and Geographically Weighted Regression-Based Cellular Automata to Simulate Urban Agglomeration Growth: A Case Study of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area“. Land 10, Nr. 6 (15.06.2021): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060633.
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Urban agglomeration is an important spatial organization mode in China’s attempts to attain an advanced (mature) stage of urbanization, and to understand its consequences, accurate simulation scenarios are needed. Compared to traditional urban growth simulations, which operate on the scale of a single city, urban agglomeration considers interactions among multiple cities. In this study, we combined a spatial Markov chain (SMC) (a quantitative composition module) with geographically weighted regression-based cellular automata (GWRCA) (a spatial allocation module) to predict urban growth in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), an internationally important urban agglomeration in southern China. The SMC method improves on the traditional Markov chain technique by taking into account the interaction and influence between each city to predict growth quantitatively, whereas the geographically weighted regression (GWR) gives an empirical estimate of urban growth suitability based on geospatial differentiation on the scale of an urban agglomeration. Using the SMC model to forecast growth in the GBA in the year 2050, our results indicated that the rate of smaller cities will increase, while that of larger cities will slow down. The coastal belt in the core areas of the GBA as well as the region’s peripheral cities are most likely to be areas of development by 2050, while established cities such as Shenzhen and Dongguan will no longer experience rapid expansion. Compared with traditional simulation models, the SMC-GWRCA was able to consider spatiotemporal interactions among cities when forecasting changes to a large region like the GBA. This study put forward a development scenario for the GBA for 2050 on the scale of an urban agglomeration to provide a more credible scenario for spatial planning. It also provided evidence in support of using integrated SMC-GWRCA models, which, we maintain, offer a more efficient approach for simulating urban agglomeration development than do traditional methods.
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Mao, Bo, Yifang Ban und Björn Laumert. „Dynamic Online 3D Visualization Framework for Real-Time Energy Simulation Based on 3D Tiles“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, Nr. 3 (11.03.2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9030166.
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Energy co-simulation can be used to analyze the dynamic energy consumption of a building or a region, which is essential for decision making in the planning and management of smart cities. To increase the accessibility of energy simulation results, a dynamic online 3D city model visualization framework based on 3D Tiles is proposed in this paper. Two types of styling methods are studied, attribute-based and ID map-based. We first perform the energy co-simulation and save the results in CityGML format with EnergyADE. Then the 3D geometry data of these city objects are combined with its simulation results as attributes or just with object ID information to generate Batched 3D Models (B3DM) in 3D Tiles. Next, styling strategies are pre-defined and can be selected by end-users to show different scenarios. Finally, during the visualization process, dynamic interactions and data sources are integrated into the styling generation to support real-time visualization. This framework is implemented with Cesium. Compared with existing dynamic online 3D visualization framework such as directly styling or Cesium Language (CZML), a JSON format for describing a time-dynamic graphical scene, primarily for display in a web browser running Cesium, the proposed framework is more flexible and has higher performance in both data transmission and rendering which is essential for real-time GIS applications.
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Rifaat, Shakil Mohammad, Mosabbir Pasha, Richard Tay und Alex De Barros. „Effect of Community Road Infrastructure, Socio-Demographic and Street Pattern in Promoting Walking as Sustainable Transportation Mode“. Open Transportation Journal 13, Nr. 1 (30.04.2019): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801913010025.
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Background: Traffic demand is growing worldwide and the increased carbon emission from transport and travel activities is contributing to greenhouse gas emission and climate change. As the oil and gas capital of Canada, the city of Calgary has a very high carbon footprint per population and the reduction of automobile use is an important policy goal for the city. Walking, a part of active transportation promotes sustainable transportation initiative by reducing greenhouse gas emission. To encourage walking, favorable walking environment should be ensured which largely depends on street pattern and connectivity. However, the effect of street pattern on walking at community level was not explored much in previous studies, particularly at rapidly expanding city such as Calgary’s context. Aims and Objectives: The study identifies the effects of different neighborhood design and planning factors associated with the share of walking in work trips while controlling for differences in social economic characteristics of the neighborhood. Methods: A linear regression model was developed using community-level data from the 2011 census and the road infrastructure data of Calgary. Results: Our study finds that different street patterns and types of land use, length of train tracks, number of train stations and number of schools have significant effect on walking. Conclusion: Thus, different neighbourhood street patterns and land uses should be considered in the development of new communities for promoting active and sustainable transportation.
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Wang, Juan, Jiaqi Lv, Wenping Zhang, Tianqian Chen, Yang Yang und Jinjin Wu. „Land-Use Pattern Evaluation Using GeoSOS-FLUS in National Territory Spatial Planning: A Case Study of Changzhi City, Shanxi Province“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 21 (24.10.2022): 13752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113752.
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Land-use patterns have always been affected by urban development, and their structural optimization is of great significance to high-quality urban development. However, since the establishment of the spatial planning system, there are still a lack of methods for optimizing the land-use structure. To this end, the research proposes an analysis framework, and proposes the direction of land-use structure adjustment through the status analysis, potential evaluation, and LUCC simulation model, and provides a new idea and method of spatial planning. The research uses an analytical framework to analyze the case of Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, puts forward the problems existing in the process of its land use, and further proposes the direction and focus of the adjustment of the land-use structure. Results show that the spatial distribution of land in Changzhi City presents a “forest-farm-forest” characteristic, and forest land, farmland and grassland account for 85% of its total area. From 2010 to 2018, the grassland area in Changzhi City decreased the most to 3486.13 hm2, and the comprehensive degree of land use increased from 235.88% to 236.73%; however, the cultivated land showed a downward trend. The construction land intensive utilization of Changzhi City is low, and the potential for rural construction land consolidation is high. In addition, the conversion probability of cultivated land in the Tunliu district and the conversion probability of construction land close to Luzhou district are relatively higher, which can be used as crucial areas for the future development of Changzhi City. In the process of urban development, cultivated land protection and construction land demand should be balanced.
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Song, Shiyi, Hong Leng und Ran Guo. „Planning Strategy for Urban Building Energy Conservation Supported by Agent-Based Modeling“. Buildings 12, Nr. 12 (08.12.2022): 2171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122171.
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As a systematic, preventive, and structural adjustment method of improving building energy conservation and carbon emission reduction, urban planning has received extensive attention. However, due to the insufficient interface between energy-saving technology and urban planning systems, urban planning has not properly played a role in building energy conservation. Scientific and innovative technical methods are urgently needed to explore the role of coordinating multiple effective planning elements in overall building energy conservation through urban planning means. Due to climate conditions, there is high demand for conserving building energy in severe cold regions, but research into this has not been thoroughly carried out. Harbin, located in the northeast of China, belongs to the Dwa zone of the Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification, and is also a typical city of severe cold regions where the daily average temperature is lower than 5 °C for more than 145 days in a year. This study takes Harbin as an example and uses agent-based modeling to establish an urban-scale building energy consumption simulation model. The model contains four types of agents (a global agent, building agent, residential agent, and household equipment agent) and two types of influence factor modules (an urban form module and a climate module). Three simulation scenarios were designed, including a baseline scenario, an urban form scenario, and a climate scenario. The baseline scenario provided an overview of the urban-scale building energy consumption distribution characteristics of Harbin and served as a reference group for the simulation results of other scenarios. The urban form scenario results show that when the elements with a highly significant impact change by 1 unit, the retail building block has the most obvious change in energy consumption, up to 44.7 × 106 kWh/105 m2/year, while the office building block has the lowest change, with 34.5 × 103 kWh/105 m2/year. The fluctuation of electricity is the most obvious, but the total change is lower than the heating energy consumption. The climate scenario shows that the energy consumption of residential land in urban centers will consistently rise in the next 50 years, up to 5.3 × 105 kWh/105 m2/year. Based on these results, this study puts forward future building energy conservation planning strategies for Harbin, focusing on three aspects: the planning and control of urban form, the optimization and adjustment of the climate, and the building energy conservation planning system. These research results are expected to provide scientific support for transforming Harbin into a low-carbon city.
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Peng, Zhouyang, Xi Jin, Wenjiao Sang und Xiangling Zhang. „Optimal Design of Combined Sewer Overflows Interception Facilities Based on the NSGA-III Algorithm“. Water 13, Nr. 23 (04.12.2021): 3440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13233440.
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The interception facility is an important and frequently used measure for combined sewer overflow (CSO) control in city-scale drainage systems. The location and capacity of these facilities affects the pollution control efficiency and construction cost. Optimal design of these facilities is always an active research area in environmental engineering, and among candidate optimization methods, the simulation-optimization method is the most attractive method. However, time-consuming simulations of complex drainage system models (e.g., SWMM) make the simulation-optimization approach impractical. This paper proposes a new simulation-optimization method with new features of multithreading individual evaluation and fast data exchange by recoding SWMM with object-oriented programming. These new features extremely accelerate the optimization process. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) is selected as the optimization framework for better performance in dealing with multi-objective optimization. The proposed method is used in the optimal design of a terminal CSO interception facility in Wuhan, China. Compared with empirically designed schemes, the optimized schemes can achieve better pollution control efficiency with less construction cost. Additionally, the time consumption of the optimization process is compressed from days to hours, making the proposed method practical.
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Myagmartseren, P., I. Myagmarjav, N. Enkhtuya, G. Byambakhuu und T. Bazarkhand. „ESTIMATING BUILT-UP AREA CHANGE IN ULAANBAATAR CITY, MONGOLIA“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2020 (24.08.2020): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2020-143-2020.
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Abstract. Long-term urban built-up area changes of the Ulaanbaatar city has accelerated since the 1950s and due to rapid urbanization most of the Mongolian population, or about 68%, live in urban areas. The systematic understanding of urban land expansion is a crucial clue for urban land use planning and sustainable land development. Therefore, in this paper, we used a Markov chain model and cellular automata (CA) to simulate and predict current and future built-up areas expansion is Ulaanbaatar. Landsat imageries (Landsat TM 5, Landsat ETM 7 and Landsat OLI 8) of 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2017 were used to derive main land use classes. Clark Lab’s (Clark University) Geospatial Monitoring and Model software had been used for the urban expansion prediction. The results are innovated to comparable to validate with other study results by using a different kind of methods. Built-up area expansion modeled and predicted 2028’s trends based on a historical expansion of the Ulaanbaatar city between 1988 and 2017, which are prepared according to input model requirements. The built-up area was 7282 hectares (ha) in 1988 and has expanded to 31144 ha in 2017. The built-up area growth of the Ulaanbaatar city has reached 4.3 times over the past 30 years, and from 2017 to 2028 the expansion of the built-up area will be 1.5 times. A comparison of urban expansion from 1988 to 2017 has revealed a rapid built-up invasion to the previous areas of agriculture, grassland, and forest. Simulation performance of Markov chain with the cellular automata model can be used for an improvement in the understanding of the urban expansion processes while allowing helpful for better planning of Ulaanbaatar city, as well as for other rapidly developing towns of Mongolia.
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Li, Wenxiang, Ye Li, Haopeng Deng und Lei Bao. „Planning of Electric Public Transport System under Battery Swap Mode“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 7 (19.07.2018): 2528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072528.
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Applying battery electric buses (BEBs) in the city is a good means to reduce the increasing greenhouse gas emissions and crude oil dependence. Limited by the driving range and charging time, battery swap station seems to be the best option for battery electric buses to replenish energy currently. This paper presents a novel method to plan and design an electric public transport system under battery swap mode, which comprised of battery electric buses, routes, scheduling, battery swap station, etc. Thus, new routing and scheduling strategies are proposed for the battery electric bus fleets. Based on swapping and charging demand analysis, this paper establishes an algorithm to calculate the optimal scales of battery swap station, including scales of battery swapping system, battery charging system and battery packs, and power capacity of output. Regarding the case of Xuejiadao battery swap station serving 6 BEB routes in Qingdao, China, a numerical simulation program is established to evaluate the validity of our methods. The results reflect that our methods can optimize the system scales meeting an equivalent state of operation demand. In addition, sensitivity analyses are made to the scales under different values of battery capacity and charging current. It suggests that the scales and cost of battery swap station can be effectively reduced with the development of power battery manufacture and charging technology in future.
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Nizamutdinov, M. M., und V. V. Oreshnikov. „Approach to form the territorial system development strategy using simulation and scenario modeling tools“. Russian Journal of Industrial Economics 12, Nr. 4 (03.01.2020): 426–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2072-1633-2019-4-426-442.
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The studies were carried out in the problematic of improving the tools for implementing economic policy which ensure widespread use of strategic planning and regulation methods in real practice of managing the territorial systems development at various levels. The article highlights the most pressing problems of improving the efficiency of socio-economic development planning for territorial systems, including in the context of the modern digital economy development. The need for implementation analytical processing systems and the management information effective use to substantiate strategic decisions is indicated as the priority problem. The comparative assessment of the well-known methodologies, methods and ready-made software solutions in modeling the economy of territorial socio-economic system at the different levels is carried out. Their strengths and weaknesses are identified for solving the identified problems and priority tasks of territorial development. The basic principles and requirements are formulated for the territorial socio-economic system’s development predicting tools. The conceptual scheme for implementing the simulation model is proposed. In general terms, the scheme provides the adaptation of the SAM methodology to formalize economic agents’ expenses and incomes balance. At the same time it involves the use of econometric methods, fuzzy logic theory and soft computing algorithms. The statement of the simulation problem is considered, the structure and the block’s relations logic for the simulation model are described. It is proposed to formalize the basic parameters connections of the model in two groups: in the first group the system relations of the model parameters are identified and formalized by SAM methodology; in the second group the factor relations are identified and formalized using econometric methods. Some results of forecasting calculations are given as part of the substantiation of the strategy for socio-economic development of the of Ufa city for the period until 2030.
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Sugiki, Nao, Shogo Nagao, Fumitaka Kurauchi, Mustafa Mutahari und Kojiro Matsuo. „Social Dynamics Simulation Using a Multi-Layer Network“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 24 (13.12.2021): 13744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413744.
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The analysis and evaluation of urban structure are important while considering sustainable urban policies. It is necessary to develop a method that can easily analyze the social dynamics that are the result of changes over time in urban transportation and land use. Therefore, by describing the relationships between various agents in urban areas as a network, it is possible to analyze them by focusing on their structures. However, since there are few existing studies on social dynamics using network-based methods, it is necessary to examine the validity and effectiveness of these methods. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of urban analysis and evaluation focusing on the network shape by describing the urban activities and modeling the dynamics with a multilayer network. In particular, we focus on household composition and individual facility access, examine what kind of interpretation is possible for network indicators, and mention the applicability of complex networks to urban analysis. The model was applied to a two-dimensional grid virtual city, and the household composition and individual facility accessibility were quantified using the centrality index.
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Le Minh Tuan, Ilkhomzhon S. Shukurov, Margarita О. Gelmanova und Mikhail Yu Slesarev. „Using ENVI-met simulation to analyze heat island intensity in megalopolises“. Vestnik MGSU, Nr. 9 (September 2020): 1262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.9.1262-1273.
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Introduction. The simulation of urban microclimates, including the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon, has turned all the more important for urban planning. Presently, the analysis of this phenomenon is feasible thanks to high computational power of computers and links between computer modeling instruments and databases that contain information on urban environments. Advanced hardware helps to study characteristics of urban microclimates by analyzing and assessing their exposure to various climatic and anthropogenic urban factors (urban morphology, land use, construction sites, albedo, etc.)
Materials and methods. ENVI-met is a software model used to simulate microclimates in urban environments. This software can optimize proportions of buildings and streets, outdoor shading, outdoor space planning, air movement, and use of construction materials in respect of thermal comfort and measures taken to mitigate consequences of urban heat islands within the framework of environmental planning of new districts. The co-authors analyze Ha Dong, a Hanoi district characterized by the high density of high-rise buildings. The co-authors consider the example of this district to study the process of detailed simulation, analysis and assessment of UHI effects.
Results. ENVI-met and its simulation capacity is employed to prove that the air temperature in Wang Fu, an urban area, gradually rises from 8 am to 5 pm, when the air temperature reaches its maximal value of 32.28 °C during the period of sixteen hours. UHI intensity was maximal between midnight and 1 am on May 29, 2017, when it reached 2.41 °C.
Conclusions. Cities are complex systems exposed to a wide array of interactive factors that influence the urban climate change. The value of R2 equal to 0.94 has proven the reliability of ENVI-met applied to simulate and imitate the climate of Hanoi, which is a hot and damp tropical city.
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Lin, Hongzhi. „The Shrinking of Beijing and the Rising of Xiong’an: Optimize Population Migration in terms of Transport Service“. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (06.01.2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8282070.
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The population of Beijing has already come to its loading capacity. The China central government plans to build an ideal city named Xiong’an nearby Beijing. The city is expected to work as a carrying hub for noncapital functions of Beijing. The central government does not rush to build before a deliberated urban planning is accomplished. For sustainable development, a difficulty faced by urban planners is that the maximum number of people can be migrated from Beijing to Xiong’an with constraint on level of transport service. This paper developed a specialized bilevel programming model where the upper level is to ensure a predetermined transport service level regarding to population migration, while the lower level is feedback equilibrium between trip generation and traffic assignment. To be more specific, trip is generated by the gravity model, and traffic is assigned by the user equilibrium model. It is well known that the bilevel programming problem is tough and challenging. A try-and-error algorithm is designed for the upper-level model, and a method of successive average (MSA) is developed for the lower-level model. The effectiveness of the model and algorithm is validated by an experimental study using the current transport network between Beijing and Xiong’an. It shows that the methods can be very useful to identify the maximum population migration subject to level of transport service.
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Zhu, Zheng, Qingyun He und Xiang Zhu. „Spatial Analysis for the Landscape Visual Aesthetic Quality of Urban Residential Districts Based on 3D City Modeling“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 18 (14.09.2022): 11500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811500.
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The landscape visual aesthetic quality (LVAQ) of urban residential districts is an important index for measuring urban livability and is a tripartite concern among urban managers, real estate developers and residents. The LVAQ of residential districts is determined by their visual openness and the aesthetic degree of the surrounding landscape, a value combining subjective evaluation and objective analysis. Although existing studies have carried out empirical analyses on the LVAQ of residential districts and have summarized some influencing factors, they have largely overlooked the specific impact and interactions of various factors, failing to establish 3D city models meeting LVAQ analysis requirements and falling short in developing appropriate evaluation approaches suitable for whole city scale. In this study, we propose a spatial simulation analysis for the LVAQ of residential districts based on 3D city modeling, aesthetic evaluation and viewshed analysis. In order to improve the accuracy of the study, we collected massive RS data and established a 3D city model covering a large amount of architecture and landscape information. We analyzed three representative cases and calculated the LVAQ of 1258 residential districts in Changsha City, Hunan, China, evaluating the results with various construction and planning indicators. Our results show that the LVAQ of residential districts is affected by their own construction conditions and the surrounding districts and landscape areas. Various architectural and planning indicators have restrictive and direct effects on LVAQ. Optimizing the layout of landscape areas and the construction mode of residential districts through urban planning and urban renewal may help improve their LVAQ. This study helps better understand the general principles that affect the LVAQ of residential districts and supports the development of urban scale LVAQ analysis methods for residential districts. The findings are expected to provide methodological support for the landscape analysis and evaluation of urban residential districts in China and other developing countries and provide optimization ideas for urban human settlement environment sustainability.
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Rosalia Sihombing, Lidya, und Nurmaidah Nurmaidah. „Evaluasi Perhitungan Dimensi Tulangan Balok Terhadap Analisa Struktur Pada R6 Portal As-32 Proyek Pembangunan Ruko Citraland Bagya City Medan“. JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BUILDING AND TRANSPORTATION 3, Nr. 2 (10.09.2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jcebt.v3i2.2777.
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<p><em>In the planning of multi-storey construction buildings need to pay attention to all aspects that affect the structure of the building and consideration of mature, especially if a multi-story building is designed to withstand earthquakes, the structure considerations will affect the planner in determining alternative planning. Multi-storey building planning needs to pay attention to several criteria, including strength criteria, good structural behavior at the stage of the earthquake plan as well as economical aspects. Discussion topics focused on the comparison of reinforcement plan beam dimension to structural analysis. The purpose of this report is to know and control how the calculation of flexural repetition on the beam structure. For solving this problem a case study is provided that provides theoretical information and analysis. Information in the form of data is processed through computer simulation Program Structure Analysis. Above modeling is made, analyzed to obtain results and discussed for calculation of beam reinforcement dimension ratio. The result of calculation obtained from comparison of reinforcement dimension of portal structure of AS-32 port obtained less amount of reinforcement result of calculation from amount of reinforcement used in field with max comparison value 33%, the difference happened because different assumptions or methods in the calculation analysis.</em></p>
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Spiegelhalter, T., und L. C. Werner. „Methods for In-Silico Environmental Resilience, 2018 to 2100“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1078, Nr. 1 (01.09.2022): 012139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012139.
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Abstract The research focuses on Genetic Water-Energy-Food Nexus Design Research Scenarios for Miami’s Greater Islands. The Paris Agreement - 21st international Conference of Parties (COP 21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) supports professional and municipal architecture and urban design practice emphasizing greenhouse gas reductions and carbon-neutral city planning and operations. In this respect, Miami benefits through multiple large-scale grants focusing on strategic solutions to combat and adapt to the effects of global warming, sea-level rise, flooding, hurricane impacts, and salt-water intrusion [1]. This paper presents research findings funded by a four-year transdisciplinary research project CRUNCH by EU agencies and the US-National Science Foundation in partnership with nineteen partners from six countries. It illuminates two transdisciplinary methods to produce bio-inspired infrastructural, architectural, and urban scale scenarios from 2018 to 2100. The silico-oriented research location is in Miami, proposing a trans-locational application envisaged in Berlin. The first method is based on parametric-algorithmic, generative design research workflows. The second utilizes synthetic biology through bio-scripting in collaboration with Autodesk. Both methods merge through the integration of cloud-based artificial intelligence and machine learning simulation engines. The research goals are to support international governments regarding sustainability master plans, and secondly, to raise and increase awareness towards urgent and societal relevant resilience topics for the future of human habitats. Scenario simulations are generated by the Florida International University (FIU) Miami research team at the Urban Living Lab (ULL), the GIS department, and two coastal cities in Miami Dade with low-lying areas. The ULL’s research sectors include green-blue infrastructures to combat sea-level rise, synthetic biology scripting, robotic urban farming, local food production and hydroponics, mixed renewable energy design. In addition, and carbon-neutral power generation with adaptive infrastructure projects that support the local and regional Food-Energy-Water Nexus.
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Li, Jiuyi. „Evaluation Methods for Water Resource Suitability in Territorial Spatial Planning: A Case Study of Baiyin City in a Semi-Arid Region“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 19 (10.10.2022): 12973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912973.
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Water resources are a major factor in the spatial layout of agricultural production and urban construction, which is an important part of China’s ongoing territorial spatial planning. In order to assess the constraining and guiding effects of water resources on territorial spatial planning, water resources suitability evaluation needs to be carried out at the grid scale. Traditional basin or regional-scale indicators of water resources cannot satisfy the requirements with high spatial accuracy in territorial spatial planning, because the internal differences could not be described. In this study, irrigation water supply cost index (CIA) and urban water supply cost index (CIU) were evaluated to characterize the affordability of potential water supply costs by simulating of optimal water supply path. Further, grid-scale indexes of water resource suitability for agricultural production (WRSA) and for urban construction (WRSU) were constructed. The grades of WRSA and WRSU were classified at a 20 m grid scale in Baiyin City. The areas of water resources that were suitable, relatively suitable, less suitable, and unsuitable for agricultural production were 381.0 km2, 3354.7 km2, 3663.9 km2, and 12,700.7 km2, respectively, accounting for 1.9%, 16.7%, 18.2%, and 63.2% of the total area of Baiyin City. The areas of water resources that were suitable, relatively suitable, less suitable, and unsuitable for urban construction were 1657.7 km2, 4184.5 km2, 1177.7 km2, and 13,075.7 km2, respectively, accounting for 8.2%, 20.8%, 5.9%, and 65.1% of the total area of Baiyin City. Coupling analysis with land use and land resources suitability were carried out in this study, which showed that the grid-scale WRSA and WRSU could well characterize the spatial differences of water resources suitability for agricultural production and urban construction. The results of the Geodetector-based study show that the WRSA and WRSU indicators have better explanatory power for the land-use spatial distribution compared to indicators such as water distance. Therefore, the indexes could provide scientific support to delimit agricultural space and urban space, and are effective means of “determining regional functions by water resources“ in territorial spatial planning. Furthermore, the indexes could be applied to other arid and semi-arid areas, and also hilly areas, where water supply suitability plays a restrictive role in agricultural production and urban construction.
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Jahn, Markus Wilhelm, und Patrick Erik Bradley. „Topological Access Methods for Spatial and Spatiotemporal Data“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, Nr. 10 (20.10.2022): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100533.
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In order to perform topological queries on geographic data, it is necessary to first develop a topological access method (TOAM). Using the fact that any (incidence or other binary) relation produces a topology which includes the common usage of topology for spatial or spatiotemporal data, here, such a TOAM is developed on the basis of the previously applied concept of Property Graph used in order to manage topological information in data of any dimension, whether time dependent or not. As a matter of fact, it is necessary to have a TOAM in order to query such a graph, and also to have data which are topologically consistent in a certain sense. While the rendering of topological consistency was the concern of previous work, here, the aim is to develop a methodology which builds on this concept. In the end, an experimental test of this approach on a small city model is performed. It turned out that the Euler characteristic, a well-known topological invariant, can be helpful for the initial data validation. Practically, this present theoretical work is seen to be necessary in view of future innovative applications, e.g., in the context of city model simulations, including distributed geo-processing.
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Xu, Yijian, und Yanhong Kong. „Sponge-city-based urban water system planning: a case study of water quality sensitive new area development in China“. Blue-Green Systems 3, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2021.022.
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Abstract In recent years, sponge city has been booming in China aiming to alleviate urban flooding and improve water quality of natural water bodies. LID/green infrastructure has been gradually introduced to urban planning and urban water system planning. Efficient deployment of LID facilities is critical, which requires modeling and evaluation to develop rational planning. A case study of Guian New Area was presented to show the application of SWMM and the planning methods in sponge-city-based urban water system planning for water quality sensitive new areas development. Based on SWMM, two river network water quality models, the Dongmenqiao River and the Chetian River, were established through a systematic analysis of the case study area. Baseline scenarios were simulated and analyzed, and assimilation capacities of the two river basins were calculated by a trial-and-error method. Finally, two LID scenarios were carefully designed, simulated, and analyzed to support the planning. The simulations showed that in order to meet the strict water quality requirements in Guian New Area, large scales of LID facilities are required to cut down the rainfall-runoff pollution. Moreover, measures such as more frequent cleaning to reduce pollutants accumulation on the ground should also be taken to mitigate the maximum buildups of pollutants.
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Wu, Chuan Min, Shuai Zhang und Jin Ming Qiu. „Design and Research of Digital-Museum Service System Based on VRML“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (Juni 2012): 1418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.1418.
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Three-dimension scene simulation technology of virtual environment maybe widely applied in many fields such as city planning, tourist industry and virtual battlefield. The technique has been applied to the research of “Digital Museum” which can provide a new research topic in the today’s world. In allusion to the problem of Digital Museum GUI, Three-dimension Digital Museum modeling database and virtual scene is constructed through Maya; application environment is realized which using JAVA programming technique based on windows plat; some key technologies about how to realize the system are introduced, including building of 3D modeling databases, Multi-Texture based on Blaxxun/BS, Models simplification and validated them. The paper formed research and exploiting methods and technologies, which provide strong support of Digital Museum services system.
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Vasiliev, Iulian, Laurentiu Luca, Marian Barbu, Ramon Vilanova und Sergiu Caraman. „Optimal Control Strategy of a Sewer Network“. Water 14, Nr. 7 (28.03.2022): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14071062.
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This paper proposes a series of methods to increase the efficiency of the operating of a sewer network that serves a medium-sized city with a population of 250,000 inhabitants. The sewer network serves five areas of the city and consists of seven tanks that communicate with one another and with the treatment plant through pipes. The controls are applied to the process by valves and pumps. The main objective of this paper is to determine the optimal controls to minimize two performance criteria: volume of overflow, and overflow quality index. The sewer network was modeled in the BSMSewer environment. The optimization of the operating of the sewer network was carried out in the conditions of an influent computed in relation to the number of inhabitants and to the area served, using genetic algorithms as a method of optimization. Five optimization strategies were analyzed by numerical simulation. The analysis of the five strategies was done by comparison of their results with one another, as well as in relation to the case where all of the controls were set at maximum values of 100%. The simulations showed that the third strategy produced the best results in relation to each of the two criteria.
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Zheng, Nan, Takao Dantsuji, Pengfei Wang und Nikolas Geroliminis. „Macroscopic Approach for Optimizing Road Space Allocation of Bus Lanes in Multimodal Urban Networks Through Simulation Analysis“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2651, Nr. 1 (Januar 2017): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2651-05.
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Although multimodality has been widely studied in the literature, planning and operating bus lanes in congested urban city centers are still challenging topics for researchers and policy makers. Most existing approaches lack quantitative methods for estimating the impact of bus lanes or for optimizing the operation of bus lanes at a system level. This paper proposes a novel optimization approach for allocating road space to bus lanes in cities. The approach determines the optimal space share between the modes in service and allocates the bus lanes by integrating strategies that lead to less total travel cost. By relying on recent advances in network-level traffic flow modeling, namely, the multimodal macroscopic fundamental diagram (mMFD), the approach captures multimodal traffic dynamics and travel costs by mode. The impact of a bus lane on mode usage is taken into account to aggregated mode shift phenomena under changes in layout of dedicated bus lanes. Simulation was performed in a Swiss city network to test the proposed optimization approach. The research found that ( a) the mMFD could be properly integrated to decide for road space optimization of large-scale multimodal urban networks, ( b) an optimal and efficient space share minimized the total travel cost for all users, and ( c) the best strategy for the studied network was to implement the allocated space on the connected links on a corridor rather than to assign them sparsely to the links that are heavily congested.
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Yao, Jinjiang, Bingkui Qiu, Min Zhou, Aiping Deng und Siqi Li. „A Two-Stage Fuzzy Optimization Model for Urban Land Use: A Case Study of Chongzhou City“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 24 (17.12.2021): 13961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413961.
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Under the background of New-type Urbanization, with the continuous advancement of urbanization and the all-round development of cities, all kinds of demands are also rising. In the case of demand, it is difficult to quickly adjust from the land supply side and to guide the optimization of the structure and layout of land use is one of the methods to achieve this based on the current situation and shortage of urban land use structure and spatial arrangement. Because of the complexity, uncertainty and dynamics of the land use system, it is necessary to use an uncertain model to accurately describe and propose the approximate optimal solution, so this study analyzes the influencing mechanism of land use and optimize the land use structure under uncertainties by using a Bayesian network and fuzzy mathematical programming. Based on the results of the two stages of analysis, the cellular automata simulation is completed. The framework is applied to Chongzhou city in western China. The results indicated that the optimal land space for cultivated land is in the middle and the south based on the joint influence probability of arable land and urban construction land. The conversion probability of the area near the east is low, and the joint impact probability of construction land in all areas is generally similar except for the western protection area. After the optimization of the fuzzy planning, the optimal construction land scale is 69.42 km2. Under the condition that the cultivated land’s red line is guaranteed, there is still 98.87 km2 of space for the increase in cultivated land. It is found through simulation that the increase in construction land would occur in the central and western parts of Chongzhou, which may be caused by the urban siphon effect. According to Monte Carlo verification, when the conversion probability exceeds 50%, the cultivated land could be turned into urban construction land, with an accuracy of 91.99%. Therefore, this proposed framework is helpful to understand the process of land use and provides a reference for making scientific and reasonable territorial spatial planning and guiding land use practice under uncertainties.
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Buyukdemircioglu, Mehmet, Sultan Kocaman und Umit Isikdag. „Semi-Automatic 3D City Model Generation from Large-Format Aerial Images“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, Nr. 9 (22.08.2018): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7090339.
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3D city models have become crucial for better city management, and can be used for various purposes such as disaster management, navigation, solar potential computation and planning simulations. 3D city models are not only visual models, and they can also be used for thematic queries and analyzes with the help of semantic data. The models can be produced using different data sources and methods. In this study, vector basemaps and large-format aerial images, which are regularly produced in accordance with the large scale map production regulations in Turkey, have been used to develop a workflow for semi-automatic 3D city model generation. The aim of this study is to propose a procedure for the production of 3D city models from existing aerial photogrammetric datasets without additional data acquisition efforts and/or costly manual editing. To prove the methodology, a 3D city model has been generated with semi-automatic methods at LoD2 (Level of Detail 2) of CityGML (City Geographic Markup Language) using the data of the study area over Cesme Town of Izmir Province, Turkey. The generated model is automatically textured and additional developments have been performed for 3D visualization of the model on the web. The problems encountered throughout the study and approaches to solve them are presented here. Consequently, the approach introduced in this study yields promising results for low-cost 3D city model production with the data at hand.
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Ferrari, Simone, Federica Zagarella, Paola Caputo und Giuliano Dall’O’. „A GIS-Based Procedure for Estimating the Energy Demand Profiles of Buildings towards Urban Energy Policies“. Energies 14, Nr. 17 (01.09.2021): 5445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175445.
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Assessing the existing building stock’s hourly energy demand and predicting its variation due to energy efficiency measures are fundamental for planning strategies towards renewable-based Smart Energy Systems. However, the need for accurate methods for this purpose in the literature arises. The present article describes a GIS-based procedure developed for estimating the energy demand profiles of urban buildings based on the definition of the volumetric consistency of a building stock, characterized by different ages of construction and the most widespread uses, as well as dynamic simulations of a set of Building Energy Models adopting different energy-related features. The simulation models are based on a simple Building Energy Concept where selected thermal zones, representative of different boundary conditions options, are accounted. By associating the simulated hourly energy density profiles to the geo-referenced building stock and to the surveyed thermal system types, the whole hourly energy profile is estimated for the considered area. The method was tested on the building stock of Milan (Italy) and validated with the data available from the annual energy balance of the city. This procedure could support energy planners in defining urban energy demand profiles for energy policy scenarios.
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Liu, Yuanyuan, und Toshiyuki Kaneda. „Using agent-based simulation for public space design based on the Shanghai Bund waterfront crowd disaster“. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 34, Nr. 2 (29.01.2020): 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060420000049.
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AbstractWith growing city density and mass gatherings held all over the world in urban spaces, crowd disasters have been happening each year. In considering the avoidance of crowd disasters and the reduction of fatalities, it is important to analyze the efficient spatial layout of the public space in situations of high crowd density. Compared with traditional empirical design methods, computational approaches have better abilities for quantitative analysis and are gradually being adopted in the planning and management of the urban public space. In this paper, we investigated the official documents, publicly available videos, and materials of the Shanghai waterfront crowd disaster which happened on December 31, 2014. Based on the investigation, a detailed site survey was conducted and pedestrian flow data were acquired. To test the influence of different spatial layouts, an agent-based simulator is built, following the ASPFver4.0 (Agent Simulator of Pedestrian Flow) pedestrian walking rules. With the surveyed pedestrian flow data, the original spatial layout of the Shanghai Bund waterfront together with five other comparison scenarios are tested, including both space design and crowd management improvements. In the simulation results, the efficiencies of different space design and crowd management solutions are compared. The results show that even simple crowd control measures such as capacity reserve and more proper route planning will allow for a positive improvement in crowd safety. The results also compare the efficiency of different spatial operations and give general suggestions to the problems urban public space designers should consider in high-density environments.
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Mousavi Rad, Eisa, Zahra Mousavi und Mehro Razmjou. „A review of zero energy residential complex in the smart city environment“. Repa Proceeding Series 3, Nr. 1 (30.06.2022): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37357/1068/crgs2022.3.1.02.
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According to the studies conducted by the Energy Consumption Management and Optimization Organization, in the common constructions of the country, energy loss in buildings is often 22% through windows, 22% from floors, and 30% from walls. Applying the principles of energy consumption optimization in coordination with climatic conditions and design uses, as well as the use of active and passive methods, can play an effective role in reducing energy consumption in conventional urban buildings. This research aims to provide solutions that address how to reduce energy consumption while creating quality in the architectural space. These solutions are obtained by recognizing the indicators of sustainable and comparative study with the climate of the desired design context. In the present study, the role of technology and digital tools in the field, which is the first and most important step in locating roles and functions, as well as small-scale designs such as building facades. Then, the architectural recommendations of the climate and international standards were examined, and a total of solutions were presented to reach the zero energy building (ZEB). Finally, the simulation method in Design Builder software analyzed the amount of energy consumption in the residential complex and using the analysis of the researchers' efforts and finding the best answer to the problems of architecture and urban planning; results show a significant reduction in energy consumption to be able to manage available resources in the best way.