Dissertationen: „City and gender“

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Papadopoulou, Anna. „Her City : spatializing gender relations in a Cypriot city“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111256/.

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The thesis aims to investigate women’s everyday experiences of navigating the relationships between home and work in order to understand spatial and perceptual boundaries and opportunities that are inherent, constructed and implied within the city’s urban form. Boundaries refer to restrictions imposed on women by social structures through constructed space, and opportunities refer to ways in which the built environment either does or could improve women’s urban experience. These issues are explored through study of urban development and form, and evolving cultural and gender relations in the Cypriot city of Limassol, a coastal city of approximately three hundred thousand that grew substantially towards the end of the twentieth century. The research considers women’s entry into the workforce over the past fifty years as a pivotal moment of transition and seeks to unpack its significance for the relationship between women and the city today. Investigations delved into women’s understanding of the relative efficiency of urban space, women’s awareness of how gender relations are affected by the built environment and women’s willingness to embrace spatial and social alternatives. Thus, women’s experiences become a lens through which to read and understand the urban landscape, as well as an opportunity to consider how the production and consumption of space might further conditions for greater equality and inclusion. Interdisciplinary methods applied involve grounded theory analysis and mappings of qualitative data extracted from interviews, and visualizations of onsite observations. Ultimately, the research uncovers a complex relationship between women and various iterations of privacy within constructed space, and explores its implications in perpetuating women’s uneven urban experiences. Since fostering gender equality is a fundamental aspect of good urbanism, the research aims to contribute to the discourses of spatial democracy and social sustainability, in which the need for socio-political considerations to play more decisive roles in urban development processes is emphasized.

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Cavdar, Selin. „Gender, Policy, Place: Ladies“. Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612512/index.pdf.

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There is a substantial amount of studies concerning the economic, social and political facades of the gender issue, further supported by gender - space discussions. The main aim of this study, however, is to make a survey and analysis of ladies'
clubs established and supported by Greater Ankara Municipality
in order to define their problematic. The study intends to discover and analyze the policies and legislation developed by the administration about Ladies&rsquo
Clubs, to map their distribution in the city and the attitudes and appraisals of women participating in the activities of the clubs located at the core of the city.

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3

Hill, Kathryn Marie. „Gender and livelihood politics in Naga City, Philippines“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/975.

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This thesis examines how livelihood diversification is also a site in which gender relations are unsettled, maintained and (re)configured. With the aim of strengthening the links between feminist and agrarian change scholarship, I present ethnographic material from Naga, a medium-size city in Bicol, Philippines, to explore how daily discourses, practices and performances of livelihood change are instrumental in mapping ways of life that are gendered. In the first part of the thesis, attention is devoted to the inadequate, or at least outdated, attention to gender relations in previous models of livelihood change, and to spell out some of the implications its integration may bring. In the remaining part of the thesis my aim is to indicate how this integration should be achieved. Specifically, I highlight some of the problems stemming from ‘structural’ analyses of gender, and emphasize the fresh perspectives opened up by a post-structural, performative approach. I then proceed to the Naga context, where I present two case studies to ‘flesh out’ these theoretical claims in more depth. Part One traces the involvement of state institutions in these changing political economies. Specifically, I consider how local state policies and practices associated with agrarian change are not simply implicated in people’s tendency to diversify, but also in the (re)production of gender identities. Notions of male responsibility and women’s rightful position in the home emerge as particularly important in this respect. In Part Two, I move to Pacol, a small farming community located on Naga’s peri-urban fringe. By drawing on interview and focus group material provided by ten ‘diversifying’ households, I consider how these discourses come into being; how they are worked through and (re)produced inperformances.

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4

Rangel, Liz Consuelo. „Gender in the City: The Intersection of Capital and Gender Consciousness in Latin American Cinema“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194421.

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This study analyzes the relationship between the access to capital and the individual's construction of gender as presented in six Latin American cinematic depictions from Argentina, Brazil and Mexico that focus the point of view on young women in the urban space. David Harvey's theory on the urbanization of consciousness is used to analyze the females' relationship to family, class, community and state in terms of how each of these elements will impact the access to capital. The interaction with these factors determine that capital will also impact the construction of gender in the city-space. The films analyzed are as follows: Perfume de Violetas (2000) directed by Maryse Sistach, Àngel de fuego (1991) directed by Dana Rotberg Un día de suerte (2002) directed by Sandra Gugliotta, Hoy y mañana (2006) by Alejandro Chomsky, Uma Vida em Segredo (2001) by Suzana Amaral and Antônia (2006), by Tata Amaral. Film theory, feminist film theory, and gender studies are applied in the analysis of films.

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5

Ridge, Charlotte Lee. „Women and gender in local government“. Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2137.

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This dissertation examines whether men and women in rural local government differ on a number of demographic and attitudinal variables. Using survey data for city council members in rural Iowa, this dissertation used difference of means tests, cross-tabs and multiple regression modeling (OLS and logistic regression) to compare the responses of male and female town councilors. Scholarship on state legislatures and Congress often find that male and female legislators are different on a number of important demographic and attitudinal variables and many feminists argue that electing more women to office will change the way government institutions work. However, council members are very different from legislators at higher levels of government, and many of the theories developed using data from Congress and state legislators do not apply. Male and female town councilors share many important characteristics and attitudes, with some important exceptions. Women and men in local government are different on many demographic characteristics, in their approach to the delegate-trustee dilemma and regarding the initial motivation to run for office. On occasions where council members disagree with their constituents on policy issues, women are more likely to be politicos than trustees. Female council members were less likely than male council members to run for office because they were interested in addressing a particular issue and more likely to say that they ran for office because they believed there was no good alternative. Several factors contribute to the differences between council members small town Iowa and other types of elected officials in the U.S: the nature of elections and office responsibilities at the local level, and conservative rural politics.

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Koike, Quintanar Sayuri Adriana. „Urban structure, labor market, informal employment and gender in Mexico City“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/323361.

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Existe una amplia literatura que identifica cómo la estructura urbana afecta los resultados en el mercado laboral a través de dos factores. El primero es la desconexión espacial entre trabajadores y las oportunidades laborales y, el segundo es la segregación residencial. Actualmente, es común que las personas vivan lejos de sus lugares de trabajo. Asimismo, es conocido que los individuos con similares características socioeconómicas tienden a vivir en el mismo vecindario. Por tanto, la segregación residencial y la desconexión espacial entre el trabajo y la residencia de los individuos podrían tener influencia sobre sus resultados en el mercado de trabajo, así como en la tasa de empleo, en la informalidad y en el ingreso. Además, si lo anterior es cierto, los patrones geográficos de estos resultados son menos aleatorios, lo que podría implicar la presencia de efectos derrame. La existencia de estos efectos significaría que la desconexión espacial y la segregación residencial tendrían un rol clave en la determinación de los resultados antes mencionados. En otras palabras la concentración de ventajas o desventajas socioeconómicas ocasionaría efectos derrame sobre los individuos y los vecindarios donde viven. Bajo esta perspectiva, la Ciudad de México es un caso de estudio interesante como se discute extensivamente. La evidencia empírica apunta a que esta ciudad sufre de desconexión espacial y segregación residencial, lo que afecta los resultados en el mercado laboral de sus residentes. Es a partir de esta idea central en la cual se construye la presente tesis. La tesis tiene dos objetivos principales. El primer objetivo es analizar la relación entre la estructura urbana (desconexión espacial y segregación residencial) y los resultados en el mercado laboral en la Ciudad de México en 2010. El segundo objetivo es estudiar los patrones espaciales de tres resultados en el mercado laboral de 1990 a 2010. Estudiar estas cuestiones es relevante, pues la elección residencial de los individuos afecta sus resultados laborales a través del acceso a los puestos de trabajo, la segregación residencial o los efectos vecindario. El espacio es un factor económico importante al incrementar los efectos positivos o negativos de la concentración espacial de las ventajas o desventajas, respectivamente. La tesis contribuye a la literatura estudiando los efectos que tiene el acceso a puestos de trabajo informales sobre el empleo. Para probar esta relación estimamos un modelo de probabilidad de estar empleado incluyendo diversos índices de accesibilidad por nivel educativo (básico y post-básico) y estatus laboral (formal e informal). Asimismo, estimamos el parámetro de este índice, el cual toma diferentes valores dependiendo del modo de transporte y del estatus laboral. Esto indica que la accesibilidad por estatus laboral podría afectar la probabilidad de estar empleado de forma distinta. Los resultados indican que los más afectados por la cercanía a las oportunidades laborales son las mujeres, los trabajadores menos educados y los trabajadores informales. Otra contribución es la identificación del impacto distinto que tiene la estructura urbana sobre las oportunidades laborales de acuerdo al género de los trabajadores. Encontramos que la segregación residencial afecta negativamente la participación de las mujeres en la fuerza laboral, en tanto vivir en un vecindario rezagado decrece la probabilidad de ser trabajador formal en los hombres. Finalmente, estudiamos los patrones espaciales de tres resultados en el mercado laboral (la tasa de no empleo, la tasa de informalidad laboral y los salarios). Utilizamos diferentes modelos econométricos para explicar los patrones espaciales de dichas variables, identificando los efectos endógenos y contextuales (o los efectos derrame globales y locales, respectivamente). La mayor contribución fue analizar estos resultados por género, extendiendo el análisis a otros resultados laborales además de la tasa de desempleo.
There is a significant portion of the literature that identifies the way the urban structure can affect labor market outcomes by means of two factors. The former is the spatial disconnection between workers and job opportunities, and the latter is residential segregation. At present, it is common for people to live far away from the place they work. Additionally, it is well known that individuals with similar socioeconomic characteristics, such as income, tend to reside in the same neighborhood. Hence, residential segregation and the spatial disconnection between jobs’ location and individuals’ residence may have an influence on the labor market outcomes of individuals, and producing an impact on as the rate of employment, informal employment, and the level of wages. Moreover, if so, the geographic patterns of those labor market outcomes become less random and, then, involving the presence of spillover effects. The existence of spillovers means that spatial disconnection and residential segregation have a key role in determining the previous outcomes. In other words, the spatial concentration of either socio-economic disadvantages or advantages entails spillover effects both for individuals and for the neighborhoods in which they live. Under this perspective, Mexico City is an interesting case study, as we discuss extensively in this dissertation. Empirical evidence witnesses that this city suffers from spatial disconnection and residential segregation that affects the labor market outcomes of its residents. This is the core idea in which the discussion of this thesis will be built around. This dissertation targets two main objectives. The former is to analyze the relationship between urban structure, such as spatial disconnection and residential segregation, and labor market outcomes in Mexico City in 2010. The latter is to study the observed spatial patterns of selected labor marker outcomes from 1990 to 2010. Addressing these research questions is relevant because the residential choices of individuals affect an individual’s labor market outcomes through access to jobs, residential segregation, or neighborhood effects. Space turns to be an important economic factor. It can heighten either positive or negative effects of the spatial concentration of advantageous or disadvantageous opportunities, respectively. The dissertation contributes to the literature by studying the effects of access to informal jobs on employment. In order to prove this relationship, we estimate a probability model of being employed, including different types of job accessibility indices by level of education (basic and post-basic education) and labor status (formal and informal). We also estimate the decay parameter of the accessibility index. This decay parameter takes different values depending on the mode of transport and labor status. This condition indicates that job accessibility by labor status could affect the probability of being employed differently. Our results assess that the most affected by closest job opportunities were women, less educated workers and informal workers. Other contribution of this dissertation is to identify to which extent the effects of the urban structure impact on job opportunities according to the workers’ gender. We found that residential segregation has negative effects on labor-force participation for married women and that living in a deprived neighborhood decreases the probability of being a formal worker for men. Finally, we study the spatial patterns of three labor markets outcomes, namely non-employment rates, informal employment rates, and wages. We use different spatial econometric models to explain the spatial patterns of those variables, identifying endogenous and contextual effects (or global and local spillover effects, respectively). The major contribution of our analysis is studying the different kinds of labor market outcomes by gender, instead of limiting the scope to unemployment only.

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Karadag, Meltem. „Class, gender and reproduction : exploration of change in a Turkish city“. Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411219.

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8

Rasmussen, Anthony William. „Resistance Resounds| Hearing Power in Mexico City“. Thesis, University of California, Riverside, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10618035.

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This dissertation addresses the sonorous attributes of hegemony and subaltern resistance within contemporary Mexico City. In this urban environment, inhabitants use sound to interpret and shift the balance of power that pervades their daily lives. I draw on the interdisciplinary research area of sound studies that regards the acoustic environment not only as an amalgam of sounds but as overlapping sites of cultural inscription, resistance, and reimagining. Recent works in the area of sound studies identify sound not only as a byproduct of social conflict but also as a weapon itself. While these studies emphasize the use of weaponized sounds in war zones, few studies exist concerning the insidious manipulation of acoustic environments by oppressive regimes during peacetime, or the efforts of marginalized groups to challenge this oppression through sound. As a result, a significant aspect of social conflict in urban centers—that of the sonic—remains unexamined.

This dissertation is organized into four case studies that each address distinct yet interrelated manifestations of sonorous struggles for territorial dominance: 1) the specialized listening and sound producing practices of street vendors in Mexico City’s Historic Center; 2) the crisis of street harassment as a sonorous practice of patriarchal domination; 3) the mosaic of sonic differentiation found in the Chopo Cultural Bazaar and finally 4) the reconfiguration of son jarocho (a folkloric dance and musical tradition from Veracruz) by urban musicians as a form of counterhegemonic protest during the Ayotzinapa marches of 2014 and 2015. These four case studies represent nodes of broader patterns of oppression and resistance that are indicative of both Mexico City’s distinct history and its contemporary condition. The materiality and affective potency of these acoustic environments provide a crucial link between subjective sensory experiences and the social forces that inform them. The selective listening of sonically inundated urbanites, the politics of personal representation and group affiliation shown through aesthetic musical choices, and the occupation and contestation of acoustic space through the use of amplified sound all demonstrate tangible expressions of embodiment that speak to larger patterns of power.

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Ottosson, Therese, und Xin Cheng. „The representation of gender roles in the media : an analysis of gender discourse in Sex and the City movies“. Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för juridik, ekonomi, statistik och politik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-4373.

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Media is a big part of people’s everyday lives. It influences both how we see ourselves and the world to some extent. There are many different types of media, for example: television shows, movies, the radio, news papers, advertisements which are placed in random places and the internet. In these different forms of media, there are images of men and women, which are represented in different ways and with different characteristics. Research has been made on a lot of movies and television shows and this thesis will be adding to this vast amount of research by analyzing gender representation in the movies Sex and the City 1 and 2. By using discourse analysis, the results show different types of gender representation and whether the characters in Sex and the City challenge the patriarchal privilege. Assuming social constructivism, we believe that these images of gender representation in movies affect our perception of what a man or a woman is. Our results suggest that the characters do still follow the patriarchal privilege but some characters do on occasion challenge them. However the outcome is rarely successful.

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Philip, Shannon. „A city of men? : an ethnographic enquiry into cultures of youth masculinities in urban India“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:800c9cb5-d8a0-42ab-b37f-f2c8e9135de3.

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The gender order in urban India is changing rapidly. Several economic, political and sociocultural shifts have brought with them new opportunities and challenges for Indian men and women. This thesis attempts to understand some of these social and cultural changes from the perspective of a group of affluent young men in Delhi. By ethnographically studying young men and their masculinities in urban public spaces of leisure and consumption, this thesis explores some of their relatively new practices of consumption and embodied performances of gender, as well as its consequences on gendering a city space. Through focusing on newly commodified spaces like gyms, shopping malls, night clubs, bars, metro trains and cruising parks in Delhi, I argue that a politics of space, age, gender and class come together to mark men's identities, bodies as well as urban spaces, creating forms of belonging and exclusions in a neoliberal India. Within this context, I explore how ideas of what it means to be a young man are changing in a consumerist India and how this in turn shapes young men's relationships with other men, women, families and changing city spaces. Using ethnographic data collected over fourteen months of fieldwork in Delhi, along with visual and cultural analysis, this thesis lays bare the layers of masculine performances and reveals the everyday attempts at embedding and reproducing a heterosexist patriarchal social order under the guise of a 'new Indian man' and his 'new' India. In the process, I critically but empathetically explore the gendered hierarchies and anxieties that emerge in contemporary India and its consequences on various bodies and city spaces. The chief arguments are presented in five empirical chapters: 1) A 'New' Indian Man, 2) A Masculine Body, 3) Desexing a Masculine Body, 4) A Smart and Masculine City, and 5) A Safe/Unsafe City.

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Gentry, Erin. „Girls' Night Out: Female Graffiti Artists in a Gendered City“. Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1206212108.

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Sluis, Ageeth. „City of Spectacles: Gender Performance, Revolutionary Reform and the Creation of Public Space in Mexico City, 1915-1939“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194775.

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In the wake of the Mexican Revolution, the new State sought to reinvigorate and civilize Mexico City through a series of urban reforms and public works. This dissertation focuses on the intersection of revolutionary reform and the formation of urban space by asking how revolutionary leaders -concerned about acceptable roles for women--envisioned a new city, and how women of different social classes contested these ideas. Through a study of performance and visual culture, I analyze the depiction and concern over "public women," to understand larger debates about gender and urbanization in Mexico City during the 1920s and 1930s.After World War I, a global ideal of the New Woman emerged through which women claimed both political and social mobility. This ideology was articulated through a radically different aesthetic of femininity that postulated a new way of discerning physical beauty. The Deco body, as I call this phenomenon, marked a shift from the ideal of full-figured female bodies to the sleek, elongated lines that dominated nascent fashion and beauty industries, populated the pages of the city's popular magazines, and structured the imagined metropolis, a city where modernity literally was seen and debated in terms of acceptable forms of femininity. By looking at what and who constituted spectacle, I examine how the visibility and invisibility of women in public space influenced urban reform.The Revolution created some new spaces in which women could exercise agency, yet by the mid 1930s, this window of opportunity gradually closed. Despite large cross-class alliances, mobilization, and activism, women did not achieve either gender parity or the right to vote. Modern ideas of femininity ran up against the "cult of masculinity" that glorified war heroes as the quintessential Revolutionary Family. Gender issues occupied an ambiguous place in context of the reformist agenda of the new leadership that sought to return women to traditional roles of wife and mother. In contrast, the Deco bodies of the stage served to symbolize Mexico City's claim to modernity, bridged the gap between Indigenismo and Mestizaje, and paved the way for a mestizo modernity.

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Bergman, Andrew Marlowe. „Vette City“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1469792156.

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Daborn, Shirley Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment UNSW. „A city within the suburbs - gender, modernity and the suburban shopping centre“. Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Built Environment, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44977.

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Notions of modernity as progress have traditionally excluded the significance of woman's societal participation. This thesis investigates the exclusion of woman from the rhetoric of modernity and modem living through her culturally defined role as the primary shopper. Entrenched ambiguities have helped sustain societal contradictions that have marred both the cultural identity of woman as primary shopper and the suburban shopping centre. This dissertation, therefore, analyses the mid-twentieth century suburban shopping centre in relation 10 retail practice and woman's cultural identity in relation to broader community change. Evolving from within the specific dynamics of modern living, the values of progress are coupled with tradition thereby creating a unique space that represents both change and stability. This dissertation grounds the progressive value of modernity within the cyclical traditions of everyday practice to construct an understanding of woman's cultural identity in relation to the demands of modem living. A critique of broader societal issues and retail development culminate in a focused analysis of the Roselands shopping centre in Sydney, Australia 1965. Acknowledging the importance of use in the construction of meaning recognises the woman as primary shopper as integral to the rhetoric of retail practice and societal progress. A gap emerges within woman's cultural identity because although she is culturally aligned with the traditions of domesticity her role as primary shopper also positions her as central to modem living. It is within this ideological gap that a movement of meaning occurs and situates the shopping centre as a site of cultural mediation. This dissertation concludes that issues of accessibility and everyday use positions the shopping space as an important site of social mediation that negotiates cultural change on a level of everyday practice and, importantly, acknowledges woman's presence and participation within modernity.

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Webb, Jane. „Gender Diversity and the City: Softly, Softly Feminism among London's Business Leaders“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Socialantropologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-104899.

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In 2011, advisors to the British government recommended against introducing a quota for women to corporate boards in the UK. The advisors instead set an aim for the UK’s 100 largest companies. They recommended company leaders take action to increase female representation on boards from just over 12 per cent in 2011, to a minimum of 25 per cent by 2015. The threat of government intervention remains. The EU Council is currently discussing the European Commission’s proposal for a minimum of 40 per cent of each sex amongst non-executive directors by 2020 across all EU member states. Using material from ten weeks of fieldwork in the City of London, I examine how a loose network of business leaders, lobbyists, journalists and researchers are shaping ideas about gender and business. This network intends to show that a quota is not needed to increase the numbers of women in business leadership. I relate my discussion to ideas of markets and marketing, and to ideas of gender differences and gender equality. I first analyse the ideas set out in the business case for gender diversity and in the term gender balance. I then explore how London’s business leaders enhance personal, employer and corporate brands by publicly demonstrating their commitment to gender balance. Through this commitment, leaders also prove themselves members of the collaboration that unites against a quota. I focus particularly on how senior businesswomen are expected to be role models for other women. I show how role models urge other women to ensure they remain recognisably feminine.

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Nawaz, Shamaila. „Sex and the city : gender gaps in labor markets and economic geography“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1074.

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Cette thèse explore la dimension géographique des disparités entre les sexes dans le marché du travail. Les questions étudiées incluent la variation de la prime salariale urbaine entre les sexes (chapitre deux), l'exploration des différents mécanismes derrière les effets importants de la localisation géographique sur les gains du marché du travail des femmes (chapitre trois), et de l'écart entre les sexes sur les rendements d'expérience urbains (chapitre quatre). Le deuxième chapitre entreprend une analyse transversale à l'aide de données françaises pour estimer la prime salariale urbaine et sa variation entre les sexes. Les résultats confirment l'existence d'une prime salariale urbaine nettement supérieure pour les femmes. Un doublement de la densité de l'emploi dans une zone donnée entraîne une réduction de 2,4 pourcent de l'écart salarial entre les sexes, une valeur qui augmente de 4 pourcent lorsqu'on exclut la catégorie professionnelle des ouvriers. Contrairement au reste des professions, l'effet de la densité favorise les hommes dans la catégorie des ouvriers. Le troisième chapitre cherche à trouver les mécanismes à l'origine de l'effet importante de la localisation géographique sur les gains du marché du travail pour les femmes en employant l'approche par l'estimateur « within ». Les résultats suggèrent que la moitié de la prime salariale urbaine est attribuée sur la base d'un tri des travailleurs selon le type de compétences à travers des différentes zones. Cependant, en complément du tri de compétences, d'autres hétérogénéités individuelles contribuent également à l'excès de la prime salariale urbaine pour les femmes
This dissertation explores the geographical dimension of the gender gaps in the labor market. The investigated issues include the variation of urban wage premium across genders (chapter two), exploration of different mechanisms behind stronger location effects for females' labor market gains (chapter three), and the gender gap in the urban returns to experience (chapter four). The second chapter undertakes a cross-sectional analysis by using French data to estimate the urban wage premium and its variation across genders. The findings confirm the existence of an urban wage premium that is significantly higher for women. A twofold increase in employment density of an area results in a 2.4 percent reduction in the gender wage gap, which increases to 4 percent when we exclude manual workers occupational category. Contrary to the rest of the occupations, the density effect favors men in the manual workers category. The third chapter seeks to find the mechanisms behind the stronger location effects on labor market gains for women by employing the within estimate approach. Results suggest that half of the urban wage premium is contributed by the sorting of workers according to skill type across different areas. However, in addition to skill sorting other individual heterogeneities also contribute to the excess urban wage premium for females. Firm level agglomeration effects attribute a minor part to the excess urban wage premium for females. The left over premium is a result of pure urban effects (lower discrimination, better matching, urban amenities)

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Sofia, Björklund Viktoria. „Constructed Gender Roles in City of Glass : A Third Wave Feminist Approach“. Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-23188.

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Qoboshiyana, Nonelelwa. „Translating gender policies into practice in the Buffalo City and Amahlathi Local Municipalities“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30047.

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Since the advent of democratic dispensation in 1994, the local sphere of government has had a significant role to play in the achievement of the South African government's goal of facilitating the social and economic development of communities. This development manifests itself in improving the lives of women, who have for the most part been excluded from taking part in the economy, politics and business. While accomplishments have been made in improving the lives of women post 1994, with reference to the increased participation and representation of women in all three spheres of government, the situation of women has degenerated especially in the local sphere. Women are threatened with problems such as gender-based violence, poverty, HIV and AIDS, the lack of provision of basic services, illiteracy and unemployment. This situation has drawn attention to analyse the issues municipalities are tackling in implementing government polices in their communities, in this research the policy that will be utilised is the Gender Policy Framework for Local Government Framework established to improve the lives of men and women. Challenges associated with implementing a gender policy are aligned with local government authorities making an allowance for gender as an auxiliary issue and not as precedence and the lack of capacity; financial, human resource and institutional in all municipalities in South Africa to implement gender policies. The premise of this research is to construct a comparative investigation of the progress that the Buffalo City and the Amahlathi Local Municipalities have made in the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of the Gender Policy Framework for Local Government Framework.
Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA)
unrestricted

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Harland, Ken. „Men and masculinity : an ethnographic study into the construction of masculine identities in inner city Belfast“. Thesis, University of Ulster, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342385.

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Podmore, Julie. „St. Lawrence Blvd. as third city : place, gender and difference along Montréal's 'Main'“. Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36682.

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At the end of the nineteenth century, St. Lawrence Boulevard, popularly known as 'the Main', attained mythical status in Montreal. Due to its particular location in the social and cultural geography of Montreal, the Main, which symbolically divides the working-class Francophone east and the Anglophone bourgeois west, has developed as a mixed-use commercial artery, an eclectic border zone of a bilingual, multi-ethnic city. The heterogeneous character of the Main is reflected in its material landscape---with its old and now largely re-used garment sweat-shops and labour halls, theatres of the red-light district, cafes, and the shops and restaurants of the mid-twentieth century immigrant shopping corridor. Shaped by the diversity of the populations that came to live, work, protest, shop or be entertained in these sites, it is an example of the social and cultural diversity of the metropolis. Such heterogeneous sites have often been interpreted as liminal spaces, but this research demonstrates that the construction and experience of the Main as a border zone have rarely been gender neutral. While physical, social and cultural heterogeneity are components of this landscape, these sites also attest to the importance of gender relations in the experience of the Main as a place of work and social life and, ultimately, as a space of representation. Its border status has often been represented through discourses and images of 'marginal' womanhood, articulated in terms of social, occupational, political, sexual and/or ethnic identity. Many of its locales, moreover, have been sites where women entered urban public life in contentious and distinctive ways.
As a place that highlights the social and cultural heterogeneity of a supposedly 'divided' city, the Main is an ideal site from which to explore how ethnicity, language, class, occupation and sexual identity intersect with gender in the experience and representation of urban life. This thesis examines how a multiplicity of female gender identities have been defined and contested along the Main over the past century. It contributes to a broad literature on geographies of gender, difference and urban public cultures through an analysis of the relationships between feminist spatial metaphors and the material production of urban space. Through a series of events that move through time and sections of St. Lawrence, I examine how portions of the landscape of this boulevard have been marked by the enactment of specific sets of gender relations and forms of representation that became central to civic debates regarding gender. I argue that the construction and experience of the Main as a border zone has involved the production of specific relations of gender, alterity and space.
A variety of qualitative methods and archival sources are used to illustrate the importance of representations of gender to the production of this place and to illustrate how women have experienced and made use of material sites to express their specific occupational, cultural, religious, social or sexual identities. This thesis demonstrates the crucial role played by the border zones of urban public cultures in the construction of female identities that depart from dominant gender norms in the expression of social, cultural and sexual differences.

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Podmore, Julie. „St. Lawrence Blvd. as third city, place, gender and difference along Montreal's Main“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0035/NQ64645.pdf.

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22

Gao, Gao. „Taboo Language in Sex and the City : An Analysis of Gender Differences in Using Taboo Language in Conversation“. Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Teacher Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-943.

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Taboo language is a broad definition, and researchers have defined it in various categories. Using taboo language, to a great extent, is widely considered as offensive and inappropriate, as well as a specialty of men rather than women. Men and women are often said to use taboo language differently. This study aims to analyze the use of taboo language in conversations of women’s, men’s and mixed-gender talk in some episodes from the American TV series Sex and the City. The study will examine the differences and similarities of using taboo language in male and female speech in terms of gender differences, and conversational strategies in general.

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Moore, Keith L. „Queen city of the plains? Denver's gay history 1940-1975“. Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1571288.

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Since its establishment as a mining camp, Denver was an integral part of life for many westerners, including homosexuals. Although Denver's early gay culture has received little scholarly attention, its history is unique and revealing, as its experience does not necessarily reflect those of other larger urban communities. This study examines how upper and middle-class white gay men navigated the boundaries of sexual morality to help define homosexual personhood for the public and form the basis of Denver's gay community between 1940 and 1975. Within the context of national discourse regarding "homosexuality," breadwinner liberalism, and the sexual revolution, the emergence and cohesion of Denver's gay community occurred during a transformation from homophile activism to the gay liberation movement. Subsequently, the history of gay Denver demonstrates the importance of politicization and sexuality in the construction and organization of gay scenes and the politics of moral respectability. Well before the materialization of a national "gay rights" movement and the gay liberation movement in the American twentieth century, Denver functioned as an example of how white gay men attempted to unify and create the basis of an early gay political movement.

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Cleminson, Julie. „Walking in London : the fiction of Neil Bartlett, Sarah Waters and Alan Hollinghurst“. Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4356.

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This thesis examines the fiction of Neil Bartlett, Sarah Waters and Alan Hollinghurst, considering how they write missing voices of sexuality, gender and class back into history through re-imagining the city space. It examines the ways in which traditional, linear narratives and the notion of objectivity in historical discourse are challenged when history is presented through fiction.Waters, Bartlett and Hollinghurst are writing the past from the perspective of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, both employing and subverting traditional narrative genres. They all depict London as a symbolic, liminal space which allows for the voices of marginalized groups to flourish. Their London is a physical but also an imagined city, both grand and squalid, where the official boundaries between public and private space are often blurred.Through depicting their protagonists mapping their own ways around London, the authors all disrupt and destabilize traditional accounts of past events and city dwellers, foregrounding the imagination in the re-telling of history‘s excluded stories.

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Aguilar-Rodriguez, Sandra. „Cooking modernity : food, gender and class in 1940s and 1950s Mexico City and Guanajuato“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496779.

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My research analyses modernity through women's experiences of food across class in 1940s and 1950s rural and urban Mexico. It challenges the assumption that women and private life did not play an important role in modernisation by situating women, the kitchen and its practices at the forefront of this process. Therefore, my dissertation explores modernity through women's choices of new ingredients, culinary practices, and domestic technologies; but also through nutrition discourses, policies and welfare programs. This work draws on a variety of sources such as state archives, contemporary professional journals, cookbooks, women's magazines, and interviews carried out among elderly women in Mexico City and Guanajuato.

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Lai, Keshia Shu-Hui. „Mormons in the Lion City: Grassroots Diplomacy on Race, Gender, and Family, 1968-1995“. The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500464012301894.

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Ward, Courtney Ann. „Identifying multiple gender identities in the first century AD : a study of personal adornment and skeletal remains from the Bay of Naples“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669822.

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Shawki, Hoda Sherif. „Gender-related differences in housing preferences a qualitative approach /“. Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1195154886.

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Hottman, Sara M. „Substantive Representation by the Unelected: The Role of Staff Gender on Mayoral Priorities in U.S. Cities“. PDXScholar, 2016. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2727.

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The literature on descriptive and substantive representation focuses on elected representatives, but overlooks the gender of those who play an integral role in policy process (agenda-setting) and outcomes (implementation): The elected’s chief of staff, senior policy advisors, and, in council-manager systems, the city manager. This thesis examines the role policy staff and city manager gender plays in substantive representation. After analyzing staff composition and agenda priorities — gleaned from State of the City addresses — for mayors of the 50 most-populous cities in the United States, I found substantial evidence to support my hypotheses that the chief of staff’s gender, not the elected’s gender, will drive the overall gender of staff as well as the gender characterization of policy agendas. Mayors — regardless of gender — with female chiefs of staff in this dataset have more female staffers and more neutral policy agendas. Mayors — regardless of gender — with male chiefs of staff have more male staffers and mostly masculine policy. In weak mayor systems, city managers’ gender strongly influences mayoral policy agendas, especially in small cities; since most city managers are male, those policy agendas are more masculine, regardless of the mayor’s and chief of staff’s gender. Thus, I find that staff who are involved in the intricacies of policy process and outcome have a stronger influence on policy than the public-facing elected official. These results, supplemented by interviews with mayors and chiefs of staff from across the country, could change the importance scholars place on descriptive representation, and alter scholars’ approach to studying both substantive representation for women and American democracy in general.

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Dolwick, Grieb Suzanne Michelle. „Gender, transnational migration, and HIV risk among the Garinagu of Honduras and New York City“. [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041171.

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Humbane, Jossias Helder Jamisse. „Empregados do Quintal (male domestic workers) in Nampula city: Domestic work, masculinities and matrilinearity“. University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6655.

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Magister Artium - MA
This study questions why domestic work that is generally considered a feminine job is yet a field dominated by men in the city of Nampula, Mozambique. In the attempt to explain this phenomenon, the research explores economic, social and cultural aspects. Due to the fact that Nampula is a province with a strong Islamic presence and the majority of the population identify themselves as belonging to the Makhuwa ethnic group—which is traditionally defined by a matrilinear kinship system—I argue that the domestic sector remaines masculinised because of the influence of the matrilinear values and gendered practices. I also argue that the Islamic patriarchal values play a decisive role as men see themselves as the exclusive family providers and for that reason forbid their wives to develop and to get engaged in economic activities outside the household. This study also explores notions of masculinity in connection with domestic work and examines how male domestic workers, coming from rural areas and employed in the city, perceive and perform their masculine identities. How does the job of the domestic worker shape particular understandings of masculinity? Given the fact that many domestic workers in Nampula are immigrant people from the rural areas of the Zambézia province, I argue that migrating and working in the city is considered as a way to achieve a manhood as immigrants have access to goods that can only be purchased in urban contexts and are scarce in the villages. The access to all these “modern” commodities and the experience of the city make the immigrant young boys to gain respect in their original communities.

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Humbane, Jossias. „Empregados do Quintal (male domestic workers) in Nampula City: domestic work, masculinities and matrilinearity“. University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7239.

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Magister Artium - MA
This study questions why domestic work that is generally considered a feminine job is yet a field dominated by men in the city of Nampula, Mozambique. In the attempt to explain this phenomenon, the research explores economic, social and cultural aspects. Due to the fact that Nampula is a province with a strong Islamic presence and the majority of the population identify themselves as belonging to the Makhuwa ethnic group—which is traditionally defined by a matrilinear kinship system—I argue that the domestic sector remaines masculinised because of the influence of the matrilinear values and gendered practices. I also argue that the Islamic patriarchal values play a decisive role as men see themselves as the exclusive family providers and for that reason forbid their wives to develop and to get engaged in economic activities outside the household. This study also explores notions of masculinity in connection with domestic work and examines how male domestic workers, coming from rural areas and employed in the city, perceive and perform their masculine identities. How does the job of the domestic worker shape particular understandings of masculinity? Given the fact that many domestic workers in Nampula are immigrant people from the rural areas of the Zambézia province, I argue that migrating and working in the city is considered as a way to achieve a manhood as immigrants have access to goods that can only be purchased in urban contexts and are scarce in the villages. The access to all these “modern” commodities and the experience of the city make the immigrant young boys to gain respect in their original communities.

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Hutton, Fiona Clare. „Making out in the city : negotiating the feminine on club scenes in Manchester“. Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369077.

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Lewis, Priscilla-Anne. „Gender Equity and Change Management in the Diversity Equity Department at the City of cape Town“. Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9804_1276545134.

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The problem investigated in this study is that gender equity and change management in the City of Cape Town and in particularly the Diversity Equity and Change Management Department, has not been adequately assessed and a coherent set of options to address this problem has not yet been adequately researched. In particular, the situation is that senior management is not representative and that recruitment and appointment procedures as well as the change management process are not conducive to gender equity. The nature of this study is qualitative and the case study method has been utilized. The scope of the study is on gender equity and the change management process followed by management and staff at the City of Cape Town, in particular the Diversity Equity and Change Management Department since 2000 to 2007, with the view of proposing options for improvement. In 2006 the City of Cape Town Employment Statistics indicated that 80% of top management within departments across the City is still white males. At professional and middle management level white males and females dominated this level with 69.5%. In the technical and associate professions, the tally for whites is 38% and at elementary level 6.5% (Department Human Resources HRD IT System, July 2006). In order to equalize employment statistics in the COCT drastic steps should be taken to eliminate imbalances between both Black and white employees in terms of occupational levels. Disadvantaged Black women and men should benefit from employment, recruitment and selection, appointments and training and development processes and the acquisition of knowledge and skills beyond those acquired within the realm of empowerment. However, women should be adequately represented not nearly in the workplace but overall to enable them to participate in the decision-making of important work related and home related issues. Women should keep on addressing inequality and gender equity to enhance change processes and gender awareness amongst themselves and in the workplace. The gender institutional framework within the COCT as a whole in particularly the Diversity Equity department and the active participation in decision-making in the various structures of the City combines with their history of politics in the women&rsquo
s movement to augur well for continued gender sensitivity in policy formulation and outcome.

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Onder, Merve Emine. „Spatiality Of Gender Oppression: The Case Of Siteler, Ankara“. Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613651/index.pdf.

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This thesis problematizes to relationship between gender based poverty and exclusion and urban space. Five forms of oppression, namely exploitation, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, violence, marginalization, faced by women in highly patriarchal urban setting are examined to identify the spatial dynamics of each forms of oppression. A field research was carried out in one of the poor neighborhood of Ankara
nearby Siteler where male dominated furniture production is carried out. Through the in-depth interviews, women&rsquo
s perception and experience of spatializedoppression is documented and used to develop the arguments put forward in the theoretical section.

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L'Heureux, Marie Alice. „The ideology of gender and community : housing the woman-led family“. Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69708.

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Housing typologies based on the traditional family no longer satisfy the needs of the majority of households. Woman-led families are impeded in their search for appropriate housing by their low wages and family responsibilities, compounded by the blindness of housing-policy makers to their existence. Historical models of collective dwellings are steeped in the ideology of the period and yield few direct practical solutions to the current dilemma. The richness of this housing, however, which evolved during a time of dramatic social change underscores the blandness of current housing solutions. Feminists insist that housing and urban design solutions should challenge the gender defined roles of "homemaker" and "childcare giver" and the restricted mobility of women in cities and suburbs. The endorsement of new housing typologies must be translated into their realisation and subsequent analysis.

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Moreno, Ruiz María José. „Paid domestic work, gender and socioeconomic inequalities in developing countries : cases from Mexico-City and Rabat“. Thesis, University of Essex, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574448.

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This thesis examines paid domestic work by adult national women in Mexico City and Rabat. I have used secondary data and new fieldwork to look Into the context and implications of the social organization of this occupation from a gender and class perspective. The fieldwork includes 36 interviews in each city; I interviewed only women as they still are primarily responsible for domestic/care work. In each city 12 women paid domestic workers, 12 women employers, and 12 women employed who do not hire domestic workers were interviewed. The research was operationalized around seven main questions which looked into the legal status of paid domestic work and its weight in the active population; at why women employ or become household workers and how all groups perceive the occupation and the relationships in place. Finally I have looked into the challenges in securing 'decent work' for paid domestic workers. The interviews reveal recurrent patterns in the social relations of paid domestic work in the two cities. According to the fieldwork domestic employees were unable to exercise choice and took this occupation as a last resort due mainly to pressures of poverty. Their conditions of employment fall in general far from 'decent work' standards and upward mobility is possible very rarely. Household work is generally perceived as a lesser occupation for which no skills are needed. Among the employers interviewees, the decision to employ a paid domestic worker was influenced more by their ability to pay their wages and by their personal histories than by pressures of trying to combine employment and care. In both Mexico and Morocco this occupation is historically linked both to servitude and to the unpaid work of women belonging to subordinate classes. This background has hindered the elimination of a fracture regarding rights and social protection between household workers and other workers. The attitudes of employers appear likely to be a major barrier to on-going, although fragmented, attempts to introduce and implement legislation that would eliminate these gaps. Although there are differences in the practice of domestic work in Mexico-City and Rabat, the occupation is in both a belittled occupation. From a women, workers and human rights perspective the advancement of rights for this category of workers as well as the elimination of gaps between them and other workers are issues of major relevance.

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Hanna, Karen Buenavista. „Unity and the Struggle of Opposites| The Evolving New York City Filipino Left“. Thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1548245.

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My main research questions explore how contradictions of unity, organizing structures, gender, sexuality, citizenship, class, and ability are addressed within Filipino leftist organizations that utilize dialectical materialist theory. I also ask: How have US-based women of color feminist and queer of color theory impacted Filipino nationalist frameworks in the US? How do they also remain at odds with one another? I interviewed 21 NYC-based activists and organizers involved in anti-imperialist Filipino organizations the summer of 2012. I also used participant observation as an active member of study groups, educational workshops, and a town forum.

My central framework explores conflict as contradiction using Mao Tse-tung's "On Contradiction" and the Haitian concepts of balans and konesans. In doing so, I examine how hard-lined leadership has impeded dialogue. I also interrogate how sexism, transphobia, masculinist organizing structures, and neoliberalism impact women, trans, queer, disabled, working class, and undocumented organizers—particularly those with overlapping identities of marginalization. "The Movement's" familial dynamic, combined with the value of utang na loob, creates hierarchies that cause some members to feel both silenced and guilty. I name these feelings as indicators of invisible emotional labor "for the sake of the movement" that lead many members to eventually leave their organizations. Their departures raise questions of sustainability. Lastly, I ask how the Fil-Am Left can draw strength from its familial dynamic but still address hierarchical issues that mirror societal hierarchies of oppression.

Applying work by Patricia Hill Collins, Audre Lorde, and other women of color, along with feminist grounded theory and sociological movement theory, I highlight three strategies that New York City based Filipino organizations have taken within the past ten years. I argue that organizations have recognized problems with sustainability and are creating their own interventions as theory-producers. Organizers' relationships to the National Democratic movement in the Philippines shape both the creation of interventions and how they respond to new ideas. Drawing on Arlie Hoschchild's concept of "stalled revolution," individual behaviors lag behind organizations' formal ideological shifts. Thus, they are works in progress.

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Ekholm, Maria. „Varberg – en stadsbild i förändring : En studie om genusmönster i staden“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-376203.

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Uppsatsen undersöker vilka förändringar som har skett i stadsplaneringen i en utvald svensk stad under 1970- och 1980-talen till dagens datum år 2017 ur ett genusperspektiv. Staden som är vald är Varberg, Halland. Studien har gjorts genom att undersöka kartor och intervjupersoner som arbetat med stadsplanering i Varberg under 1970- och 1980-talen, samt personer som arbetar med det idag. Studien är en kvalitativ studie med inriktning på ostrukturerade intervjuer. Följande var mina frågeställningar:• På vilket sätt har stadsbilden förändrats genom årtiondena i Varberg?• Hur har de manliga och kvinnliga rörelsemönster sett ut i Varberg?• Vad är de största skillnaderna på dagens översiktsplanering och den från 1978?Studien visar att rörelsemönster är ständigt skiftande och att Varberg som stad har blivit större än vad som estimerades på 1970-talet. Under 1970-talet var Varberg en industristad, idag kan den snarare benämnas som en turiststad, där turismen har ett starkt fäste och är en stor del av näringslivet. Fler kvinnor har välkomnats in i planeringsrummet och staden har ett annat fokus på utveckling idag. Framförallt för mål mer konkretiserad, skola och utbildning har större plats i översiktsplanering. Det manliga och kvinnliga rörelsemönstret har skilt sig åt, då industrin funnits i nord och skolor, vård och affärer i söder. Staden har utvecklats för att bibehålla en stadskärna och inte utlokalisera detaljhandel och därmed öppna upp för att oavsett vem du är ska ha nära till centrum.

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Hartney, Aideen M. „Men, women and money - transformation of the city : representations of gender in the homilies of John Chrysostom“. Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367177.

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Tran, Thi Linh Giang Suree Kanjanawong. „Gender identity, sexual meaning and sexual health among young female physical disabled in Hai Duong City-Vietnam /“. Abstract, 2004. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2547/cd364/4537970.pdf.

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Jolly, Michelle E. „Inventing the city : gender and the politics of everyday life in gold-rush San Francisco, 1848-1869 /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9915066.

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Goodson, Lisa Jane. „Tourism impacts, community participation and gender : an exploratory study of residents' perceptions in the City of Bath“. Thesis, Bucks New University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397751.

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Kohen, Beatriz Esther. „Gender differences in the family law courts of the city of Buenos Aires : a view from within“. Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3111/.

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Reznik, Maria, und Secil Safedof. „Intersectionality between Gender and Class in Modern Culture : An Analysis of the Sex and the City movies“. Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för juridik, politik och ekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-5397.

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This thesis aims to explore how gender and socioeconomic class is portrayed in the two Sex and the City movies. The underlying purpose is to critically assess the celebration of emancipated women, as the movies allegedly portray. The intersection between gender and class will enable to analyse the depiction of different femininities and their power relationships. The uniqueness of the thesis is that the two movies have until today by large been ignored by the academia therefore it will hopefully commence a discussion which is long overdue. The result of analysing from an intersectional perspective will include a wider range of factors and provide a comprehensive interpretation of contemporary society as well as its interrelation with movies.

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Sjöqvist, Erika. „Struggling for gender equality in Husby : Feminist insights for a transformative urban planning“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-322921.

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This study explores how urban planning can adjust to goals about gender equality by assessing the ongoing project to reconstruct the center of Husby in northern Stockholm. The state-owned housing company in the area has decided to incorporate feminist perspectives in the planning and has named the project feminist urban planning. Through interviews and analysis of news- and debate articles, the study investigates how involved actors view feminist urban planning and identifies advantages and challenges within the project. Drawing on feminist urban planning theories and theories about the just city, it is concluded that feminist urban planning is about the distribution of power and to make inhabitants part of the decision-making. Additionally, the study argues that disagreement and conflict can be interpreted as part of the struggle that necessarily goes on in any process that strive to challenge and change injustices in society. However, for this struggle to go on and have a real effect on the development of the city, practices that make people’s experiences of oppression and injustices part of the decision-making in the city must be developed.

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Matsumaru, Takashi Michael. „Unmasking a City: Blacks, Asians and the Struggle Against Segregated Housing in 20th Century Seattle“. Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1094.

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This dissertation maps the roots of systemic inequality within Seattle’s housing market, zeroing in on the residential mobility of Japanese and African Americans over the course of the 20th century. It analyzes the experiences that have led Japanese and African Americans to occupy distinctive positions within the city’s housing market, as they fought for belonging in a segregated city. Though they shared the burden of living in segregated neighborhoods through much of the first half of the 20th century, Japanese and African Americans occupied distinct economic positions within the city. While Japanese Americans far outnumbered African Americans until World War II, the segregation of African Americans within the city followed a separate trajectory. Shaped by the legacy of slavery and the nation’s Jim Crow order, African Americans became increasingly set apart within the housing market. Seeing how Japanese and African Americans have navigated a segregated housing market is crucial to understanding the racial dimensions of Seattle’s development. While the ghettoization of Japanese Americans facilitated their incarceration during World War II, the city’s fixation on restricting black mobility during the 1950s and 1960s opened up spaces for Japanese Americans. Rather than simply refuting the model minority image, this dissertation examines how it came to shape Seattle’s housing market after World War II. The city’s open housing movement brought about fair housing laws but also a renewed commitment to property rights and the exclusion of African Americans. Weak and unenforced fair housing legislation – though it opened doors to those of a particular class – led to growing divides. These divides are explored in the last part of this dissertation, which highlights the dimensions of post-civil rights era segregation and the struggles waged by low-income black renters to challenge the city’s raced, classed, and gendered boundaries.

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Daneri, Natalia, und Ebba Andersson. „Sex and the City har inte åldrats som ett fint vin : En narrativ studie av Sex and the Citys kvinnliga huvudkaraktärer i relation till män ur ett feministiskt perspektiv“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83690.

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Denna narrativa studie har analyserat de fyra kvinnliga huvudkaraktärerna i Sex and the City för att hitta mönster av hur patriarkala, icke feministiska samt feministiska aspekter äger rum i serien för att hitta traditionella och postfeministiska mönster. För att ta reda på detta har scener från sju olika avsnitt valts ut där relevanta samtal och händelser utspelas för att sedan analyseras utifrån metoden narrativ analys och kvalitativ innehållsanalys. De scener som valdes ut innehåller händelser som speglar kvinnornas syn på dejting, relationer, sex eller kärlek samt scener där kvinnorna vistas tillsammans med män i dejting- eller relationssammanhang. Dessa scener delades in i sex olika tematiseringar för att kunna analysera alla relevanta aspekter för att kunna hitta mönster som ifrågasätter den feministiska stämpeln som serien har haft och fortfarande har än idag, 23 år efter premiäravsnittet. Dessa tematiseringar avhandlar kvinnornas syn på kvinnor i relation till män, kvinnornas behov av män och deras självständighet och porträtteringen av de kvinnliga huvudkaraktärerna och män. Genom att analysera dessa aspekter besvaras studiens två frågeställningar: Hur porträtteras de fyra kvinnliga huvudkaraktärerna i Sex and the City? och Hur speglas patriarkala strukturer i serien Sex and the City?. Studien har använt Laura Mulveys den manliga blicken- och postfeministisk-teori, samt teorier om könsnormer och könsstereotyper. Resultatet visar att serien Sex and the City, som har hyllats för att vara feministiskt banbrytande till stor del har feministiska aspekter då serien har fyra starka, kvinnliga huvudkaraktärer där deras liv och tankar skildras. Trots detta genomsyras serien av patriarkala strukturer och icke feministiska aspekter då kvinnornas huvudfokus är män. Större delen av deras samtal handlar om män och hur de ska anpassa sig själva för att vara åtråvärda för män. Osäkerheter som kvinnorna har grundar sig i en oro för att inte vara attraktiva nog för män och den säkerhet de känner kring sina utseende grundar sig till stor del i manlig bekräftelse. Kvinnorna visar tendenser på att trycka ner andra kvinnor på grund av egen osäkerhet när det kommer till män. Män och kvinnors beteenden i relationer porträtteras på ett könsstereotypiskt sätt där kvinnorna övervägande är mer omhändertagande, känslostyrda och anpassningsbara medan männen är mer känslomässigt stängda och mindre anpassningsbara. Serien handlar om kvinnorna, men fokuset hamnar ändå tillslut på män. Med dessa resultat som grund kan seriens traditionella feministiska samt postfeministiska aspekter ifrågasättas.
This narrative study has analysed the four female main characters from the series Sex and the City, to find patterns of patriarchal, non-feminist and feminist structures that take place in the series, by applying the following theories - the male gaze by Mulvey and postfeminism, as well as theories of gender norms and stereotypes. Different scenes from seven episodes, of relevance to this study, have been chosen to perform a narrative analysis, along with qualitative content analysis. The scenes that have been considered, were chosen for containing events that reflect the main characters´ view of dating, relations, sex, and love, as well as scenes where the women are seen with men. The study has selected different themes to narrow the analysis, which are: women’s view on other women in relation to men, women’s need for men, and their independence, and lastly the portrayal of the female main characters and men. By analysing the themes above, it makes it possible to answer and discuss the study´s two issues, how are the four female main characters portrayed in Sex and the City?, and how are patriarchal structures reflected in the series Sex and the City?. The results show that Sex and the City, which has been praised for being feminist pioneering, demonstrates several postfeminist aspects, as the series incorporates four strong-willed women who openly expose their sexuality. Despite this aspect, the series is impregnated by patriarchal discourses and non-feminist views - men are the women´s main focus. Most of their conversations are about men and how they should adapt themselves to be appealing to men. Women's insecurities are based on an unaware concern of not being attractive enough for men, and the confidence they have is built up by mens approval. The main characters show tendencies to judge other women because of their insecurities and desire to be attractive for men. Men and women’s behaviors in relations are portrayed in a gender stereotypical way, where women are predominantly more caring, emotionally driven, and adaptable while men are more emotionally closed, less adaptable and more dominant. Sex and the City is about women, but in the end, the main core of the series is men. Based on these conclusions, the series' postfeminist and feminist aspects can be questioned.

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Hung, Christine Yu-Ting School of Modern Language Studies UNSW. „A Nation of Sadness? Reading history, culture, and gender in Hou Hsiao-hsien???s A City of Sadness“. Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Modern Language Studies, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24263.

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This thesis engages with Taiwanese history by offering a reading of Hou Hsiaohsien???s A City of Sadness (1989), making reference to the film???s historical dimensions, cultural representations and gender issues in the period 1945 to 1949. In addition, Hou???s cinematography is detailed with comparison to Yasujiro Ozu and the influences of Japanese colonisation. Hou???s immense contribution to Taiwanese film consists principally in a Taiwanese trilogy that traces Taiwan???s history in the 20th century. In The Puppet Master (1993) Hou details the era of Japanese colonisation from 1895 to the restoration of Taiwan by the Kuomintang in 1945. Later, A City of Sadness focuses on the fate of the Lin family from 1945 to 1949, which epitomises people???s life in Taiwan during the initial stages of Kuomintang domination. Finally, Good Men, Good Women (1995) highlights two different eras in Taiwan: the political movement in the 1950s and the pop culture in the 1990s. The thesis uses illustrations from all three films to explore Hou???s historical, cultural and gender representations. In order to understand Hou???s ideology and beliefs in greater depth, I also review his autobiographical film, A Time to Live, and A Time to Die (1985). This thesis examines Taiwan???s indigenous culture and the impact of Japanese and Chinese cultural practices in A City of Sadness through the post-colonial theories of Perry Anderson, Homi Bhabha, and Chris Berry. I draw on their theories of cultural hegemony and my empiricism to investigate Hou???s representation of the political situation in Taiwan. Finally, the thesis evaluates gender issues in A City of Sadness, with reference to Julia Kristeva???s notion of ???feminine time??? and the debate between Emilie Yeh and Mizou concerning ???whether women can really enter history???. In evaluating A City of Sadness I argue that Hou Hsiao-hsien???s use of a family???s microhistory to parallel the national macro-history of the February 28th Incident opens an important historical window through which the audience may re-encounter and reflect on Taiwan???s past, and think positively about its future.

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Bryce, Sylvia. „Tracing the shadow of 'No Mean City' : aspects of class and gender in selected modern Scottish urban working-class fiction“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14803.

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This Ph.D. dissertation examines the influence of Alexander McArthur and H. Kingsley Long's novel No Mean City (1935) on the representation of working-class subjectivity in modem Scottish urban fiction. The novel helped to focus literary attention on a predominantly male, working-class, urban and realistic vision of modern Scotland. McArthur and Long explore - in their representations of destructive slum-dwelling characters - the damaging effects of class and gender on working-class identity. The controversy surrounding the book has always been intense, and most critics either deplore or downplay the full significance of No Mean City's literary impact. My dissertation re-examines one of the most disliked and misrepresented working-class novels in modern Scottish literary history. McArthur and Long's literary legacy, notwithstanding its many detractors, has become something to write against. Through examination of works by James Barke, John McNeillie, Edward Gaitens, Robin Jenkins, Bill McGhee, George Friel, William McIlvanney, Alan Spence, Alasdair Gray, James Kelman, Irvine Welsh, Janice Galloway, Agnes Owens, Meg Henderson and A.L. Kennedy, the thesis outlines how the challenge represented by No Mean City has survived the decades following its publication. It argues that contrary to prevailing critical opinion, the novel's influence has been instrumental, not detrimental, to the evolution of modern Scottish literature. Ultimately I hope to pave the way toward a fuller, more nuanced understanding of No Mean City's remarkable impact, and to demonstrate how pervasive its legacy has been to Scottish writers from the 1930s to the 1990s.

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