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1

Yang, Taeyang, und Oh-Sang Kwon. „Sequential Effect on Visual Classification: The Citrus Classification Paradigm“. Journal of Vision 16, Nr. 12 (01.09.2016): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.12.548.

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2

WAKATA, Tadayuki, und Miho SAITO. „Psychological classification of the citrus fragrance.“ Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 76 (11.09.2012): 1AMA01. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.76.0_1ama01.

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3

Hiri, A., M. De Luca, G. Ioele, A. Balouki, M. Basbassi, F. Kzaiber, A. Oussama und G. Ragno. „Chemometric classification of citrus juices of Moroccan cultivars by infrared spectroscopy“. Czech Journal of Food Sciences 33, No. 2 (03.06.2016): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/284/2014-cjfs.

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4

Dhiman, Poonam. „Contemporary Study on Citrus Disease Classification System“. ECS Transactions 107, Nr. 1 (24.04.2022): 10035–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.10035ecst.

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Machine vision systems enable many applications in all important fields of life like medical healthcare, agriculture, fruit and vegetable industry, etc. One of the application fields is disease detection of fruit. The disease identification of fruits is a critical issue and advanced automatic detection systems need to be developed. In the recent years, image processing techniques have been employed for the quality evaluation of the fruits. This paper presents the current advancement in image processing techniques used by the disease recognition system of the citrus fruits. In past few years, different approaches are applied for grading the citrus fruits using machine vision system. The paper presents the overview of different techniques like pre-processing, segmentation, and classification that is used by the disease detection system of citrus fruits. This paper also presents the detailed description of the different state of art disease detection system proposed by the researcher for attending identifying the disease present in citrus fruit. The detailed survey of the disease detection technique present in citrus fruit has been presented to investigate the usage of recent approaches employed in machine vision systems.
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Schaad, Norman W., Elena Postnikova, George Lacy, Aaron Sechler, Irina Agarkova, Paul E. Stromberg, Verlyn K. Stromberg und Anne K. Vidaver. „Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus“. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 29, Nr. 8 (Dezember 2006): 690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2006.08.001.

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6

Silva, Alessandra F., Ana Paula Barbosa, Célia R. L. Zimback und Paulo M. B. Landim. „Geostatistics and remote sensing methods in the classification of images of areas cultivated with citrus“. Engenharia Agrícola 33, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2013): 1245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000600017.

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This study compares the precision of three image classification methods, two of remote sensing and one of geostatistics applied to areas cultivated with citrus. The 5,296.52ha area of study is located in the city of Araraquara - central region of the state of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. The multispectral image from the CCD/CBERS-2B satellite was acquired in 2009 and processed through the Geographic Information System (GIS) SPRING. Three classification methods were used, one unsupervised (Cluster), and two supervised (Indicator Kriging/IK and Maximum Likelihood/Maxver), in addition to the screen classification taken as field checking.. Reliability of classifications was evaluated by Kappa index. In accordance with the Kappa index, the Indicator kriging method obtained the highest degree of reliability for bands 2 and 4. Moreover the Cluster method applied to band 2 (green) was the best quality classification between all the methods. Indicator Kriging was the classifier that presented the citrus total area closest to the field check estimated by -3.01%, whereas Maxver overestimated the total citrus area by 42.94%.
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Dorj, Ulzii-Orshikh, Uranbaigal Dejidbal, Hongseok Chae, Lkhagvadorj Batsambuu, Altanchimeg Badarch und Shinebayar Dalkhaa. „CITRUS FRUIT QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SIZE USING DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING“. Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 48, Nr. 5 (09.01.2019): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2018-5-12.

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A new computer vision algorithm for citrus fruit quality classification based on the size of a single tree fruits was developed in this study. The image properties of area, perimeter, and diameter for the citrus fruits were measured by pixels. In order to estimate citrus fruit size in a realistic manner, the ratios of diameter, perimeter and area in pixel values in relation to the actual size of one fruit were determined. The total of 1860 citrus fruits were grouped based on diameter, perimeter, and area in pixels. The results of the grouping of citrus fruits by diameter, perimeter and area were compared with the results of the survey research into citrus fruit size as conducted by the Jeju Citrus Commission. Comparative results reveal that the image of the citrus fruit diameter in pixels demonstrate a more accurate size than the other two pixel values, i.e. perimeter and area.
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Elaraby, Ahmed, Walid Hamdy und Saad Alanazi. „Classification of Citrus Diseases Using Optimization Deep Learning Approach“. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (10.02.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9153207.

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Most plant diseases have apparent signs, and today’s recognized method is for an expert plant pathologist to identify the disease by looking at infected plant leaves using a microscope. The fact is that manually diagnosing diseases is time consuming and that the effectiveness of the diagnosis is related to the pathologist’s talents, making this a great application area for computer-aided diagnostic systems. The proposed work describes an approach for detecting and classifying diseases in citrus plants using deep learning and image processing. The main cause of decreased productivity is considered to be plant diseases, which results in financial losses. Citrus is an important source of nutrients such as vitamin C all around the world. On the contrary, citrus diseases have a negative impact on the citrus fruit and quality. In the recent decade, computer vision and image processing techniques have become increasingly popular for the detection and classification of plant diseases. The suggested approach is evaluated on the citrus disease image gallery dataset and the combined dataset (citrus image datasets of infested scale and plant village). These datasets were used to identify and classify citrus diseases such as anthracnose, black spot, canker, scab, greening, and melanose. AlexNet and VGG19 are two kinds of convolutional neural networks that were used to build and test the proposed approach. The system’s total performance reached 94% at its best. The proposed approach outperforms the existing methods.
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9

Varjão, Jonatha Oliveira Reis, Glenda Michele Botelho, Tiago da Silva Almeida, Glêndara Aparecida de Souza Martins und Warley Gramacho da Silva. „Citrus Fruit Quality Classification using Support Vector Machines“. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 6, Nr. 7 (2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.678.

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10

Lee, Saebom, Gyuho Choi, Hyun-Cheol Park und Chang Choi. „Automatic Classification Service System for Citrus Pest Recognition Based on Deep Learning“. Sensors 22, Nr. 22 (18.11.2022): 8911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228911.

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Plant diseases are a major cause of reduction in agricultural output, which leads to severe economic losses and unstable food supply. The citrus plant is an economically important fruit crop grown and produced worldwide. However, citrus plants are easily affected by various factors, such as climate change, pests, and diseases, resulting in reduced yield and quality. Advances in computer vision in recent years have been widely used for plant disease detection and classification, providing opportunities for early disease detection, and resulting in improvements in agriculture. Particularly, the early and accurate detection of citrus diseases, which are vulnerable to pests, is very important to prevent the spread of pests and reduce crop damage. Research on citrus pest disease is ongoing, but it is difficult to apply research results to cultivation owing to a lack of datasets for research and limited types of pests. In this study, we built a dataset by self-collecting a total of 20,000 citrus pest images, including fruits and leaves, from actual cultivation sites. The constructed dataset was trained, verified, and tested using a model that had undergone five transfer learning steps. All models used in the experiment had an average accuracy of 97% or more and an average f1 score of 96% or more. We built a web application server using the EfficientNet-b0 model, which exhibited the best performance among the five learning models. The built web application tested citrus pest disease using image samples collected from websites other than the self-collected image samples and prepared data, and both samples correctly classified the disease. The citrus pest automatic diagnosis web system using the model proposed in this study plays a useful auxiliary role in recognizing and classifying citrus diseases. This can, in turn, help improve the overall quality of citrus fruits.
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11

Mudholakar, Sunita, Kavitha G, Kanaya Kumari K T und Shubha G V. „Automatic Detection of Citrus Fruit and Leaves Diseases Using Deep Neural Network“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, Nr. 7 (31.07.2022): 4043–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45868.

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Abstract: Citrus fruit diseases are the major cause of extreme citrus fruit yield declines. Plant disease detection and classification are crucial long term agriculture. Manually monitoring citrus diseases is quite tough. As a result, image processing is used for designing an automated detection system for citrus plant diseases. Image acquisition, image preprocessing, image segmentation, feature extraction and classification are main processes in the citrus disease detection process. Deep learning methods have recently obtained promising results in a number of artificial intelligence issues, leading us to apply them to the challenge of recognizing citrus fruit and leaf diseases. In this approach, an integrated approach is used to suggest a convolutional neural networks (CNNs) model. The proposed CNN model is intended to differentiate healthy fruits and leaves from fruits/leaves with common citrus diseases such as black spot, canker and citrus blight. The proposed CNN model extracts complementary discriminative features by integrating multiple layers.
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12

Zia Ur Rehman, Muhammad, Fawad Ahmed, Muhammad Attique Khan, Usman Tariq, Sajjad Shaukat Jamal, Jawad Ahmad und Iqtadar Hussain. „Classification of Citrus Plant Diseases Using Deep Transfer Learning“. Computers, Materials & Continua 70, Nr. 1 (2022): 1401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.019046.

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13

Shou Bo, Huang. „A Climatic Classification for Citrus Winter Survival in China“. Journal of Climate 4, Nr. 5 (Mai 1991): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1991)004<0550:accfcw>2.0.co;2.

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14

Steuer, B., H. Schulz und E. Läger. „Classification and analysis of citrus oils by NIR spectroscopy“. Food Chemistry 72, Nr. 1 (Januar 2001): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(00)00209-0.

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15

Mittapelli, Suresh Reddy, Shailendar Kumar Maryada, Venkateswara Rao Khareedu und Dashavantha Reddy Vudem. „Structural organization, classification and phylogenetic relationship of cytochrome P450 genes in Citrus clementina and Citrus sinensis“. Tree Genetics & Genomes 10, Nr. 2 (05.01.2014): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11295-013-0695-8.

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16

Rauf, Hafiz Tayyab, Basharat Ali Saleem, M. Ikram Ullah Lali, Muhammad Attique Khan, Muhammad Sharif und Syed Ahmad Chan Bukhari. „A citrus fruits and leaves dataset for detection and classification of citrus diseases through machine learning“. Data in Brief 26 (Oktober 2019): 104340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104340.

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17

Khanramaki, Morteza, Ezzatollah Askari Asli-Ardeh und Ehsan Kozegar. „Citrus pests classification using an ensemble of deep learning models“. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 186 (Juli 2021): 106192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106192.

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18

Janarthan, Sivasubramaniam, Selvarajah Thuseethan, Sutharshan Rajasegarar, Qiang Lyu, Yongqiang Zheng und John Yearwood. „Deep Metric Learning Based Citrus Disease Classification With Sparse Data“. IEEE Access 8 (2020): 162588–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3021487.

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19

Lopez, Jose J., Maximo Cobos und Emanuel Aguilera. „Computer-based detection and classification of flaws in citrus fruits“. Neural Computing and Applications 20, Nr. 7 (20.06.2010): 975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-010-0396-2.

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20

Yanto, Budi, Luth Fimawahib, Asep Supriyanto, B. Herawan Hayadi und Rinanda Rizki Pratama. „Klasifikasi Tekstur Kematangan Buah Jeruk Manis Berdasarkan Tingkat Kecerahan Warna dengan Metode Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network“. INOVTEK Polbeng - Seri Informatika 6, Nr. 2 (27.11.2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.35314/isi.v6i2.2104.

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Sweet orange is very much consumed by humans because oranges are rich in vitamin C, sweet oranges can be consumed directly to drink. The classification carried out to determine proper (good) and unfit (rotten) oranges still uses manual methods, This classification has several weaknesses, namely the existence of human visual limitations, is influenced by the psychological condition of the observations and takes a long time. One of the classification methods for sweet orange fruit with a computerized system the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is algorithm deep learning to the development of the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) with 100 datasets of sweet orange images, the classification accuracy rate was 97.5184%. the classification was carried out, the result was 67.8221%. Testing of 10 citrus fruit images divided into 5 good citrus images and 5 rotten citrus images at 96% for training 92% for testing which were considered to have been able to classify the appropriateness of sweet orange fruit very well. The graph of the results of the accuracy testing is 0.92 or 92%. This result is quite good, for the RGB histogram display the orange image is good
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21

Horibata, Akira, und Tsuneo Kato. „Phylogenetic relationships among accessions in Citrus and related genera based on the insertion polymorphism of the CIRE1 retrotransposon“. Open Agriculture 5, Nr. 1 (18.06.2020): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0026.

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AbstractA total of 145 accessions of the genus Citrus and related genera, maintained in the Conservation Garden for Citrus Germplasm at the Experimental Farm of Kindai University, Yuasa, Wakayama, Japan, were examined for their phylogenetic relationships. The present classification was conducted using an inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) method based on the insertion polymorphism of a retrotransposon, CIRE1, identified in C. sinensis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the IRAP method for citrus classification. The constructed dendrogram showed that the 145 accessions and two outgroup species were successfully classified into five major clades. A large number of C. sinensis accessions were divided into three traditional groups, navel orange, sweet orange, and blood orange, almost corresponding to the sub-clades in the dendrogram. Several other accessions belonging to the same species, and also many hybrid cultivars from crossbreeding, were localized into the respective sub-clades or near positions in the dendrogram. Several unclassified accessions could also be located in the dendrogram, suggesting novel relationships with other accessions. It was concluded that the IRAP method based on CIRE1 insertion polymorphism was suitable for the classification of citrus from a molecular point of view.
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Wang, Xuefeng, Chunyan Wu und Masayuki Hirafuji. „Visible Light Image-Based Method for Sugar Content Classification of Citrus“. PLOS ONE 11, Nr. 1 (26.01.2016): e0147419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147419.

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23

Reinhard, Hans, Fritz Sager und Otmar Zoller. „Citrus juice classification by SPME-GC-MS and electronic nose measurements“. LWT - Food Science and Technology 41, Nr. 10 (Dezember 2008): 1906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2007.11.012.

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24

Qadri, Salman, Syed Furqan Qadri, Mujtaba Husnain, Malik Muhammad Saad Missen, Dost Muhammad Khan, Muzammil-Ul-Rehman, Abdul Razzaq und Saleem Ullah. „Machine vision approach for classification of citrus leaves using fused features“. International Journal of Food Properties 22, Nr. 1 (01.01.2019): 2072–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2019.1703738.

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25

Amorós López, J., E. Izquierdo Verdiguier, L. Gómez Chova, J. Muñoz Marí, J. Z. Rodríguez Barreiro, G. Camps Valls und J. Calpe Maravilla. „Land cover classification of VHR airborne images for citrus grove identification“. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 66, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010.09.008.

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26

Deng, Xiaoling, Zixiao Huang, Zheng Zheng, Yubin Lan und Fen Dai. „Field detection and classification of citrus Huanglongbing based on hyperspectral reflectance“. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 167 (Dezember 2019): 105006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2019.105006.

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27

Abdulridha, Jaafar, Ozgur Batuman und Yiannis Ampatzidis. „UAV-Based Remote Sensing Technique to Detect Citrus Canker Disease Utilizing Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning“. Remote Sensing 11, Nr. 11 (08.06.2019): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111373.

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A remote sensing technique was developed to detect citrus canker in laboratory conditions and was verified in the grove by utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In the laboratory, a hyperspectral (400–1000 nm) imaging system was utilized for the detection of citrus canker in several disease development stages (i.e., asymptomatic, early, and late symptoms) on Sugar Belle leaves and immature (green) fruit by using two classification methods: (i) radial basis function (RBF) and (ii) K nearest neighbor (KNN). The same imaging system mounted on an UAV was used to detect citrus canker on tree canopies in the orchard. The overall classification accuracy of the RBF was higher (94%, 96%, and 100%) than the KNN method (94%, 95%, and 96%) for detecting canker in leaves. Among the 31 studied vegetation indices, the water index (WI) and the Modified Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index (ARI and TCARI 1) more accurately detected canker in laboratory and in orchard conditions, respectively. Immature fruit was not a reliable tissue for early detection of canker. However, the proposed technique successfully distinguished the late stage canker-infected fruit with 92% classification accuracy. The UAV-based technique achieved 100% classification accuracy for identifying healthy and canker-infected trees.
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28

Yang, Changcai, Zixuan Teng, Caixia Dong, Yaohai Lin, Riqing Chen und Jian Wang. „In-Field Citrus Disease Classification via Convolutional Neural Network from Smartphone Images“. Agriculture 12, Nr. 9 (16.09.2022): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091487.

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A high-efficiency, nondestructive, rapid, and automatic crop disease classification method is essential for the modernization of agriculture. To more accurately extract and fit citrus disease image features, we designed a new 13-layer convolutional neural network (CNN13) consisting of multiple convolutional layer stacks and dropout in this study. To address the problem created by the uneven number of disease images in each category, we used the VGG16 network module for transfer learning, which we combined with the proposed CNN13 to form a new joint network, which we called OplusVNet. To verify the performance of the proposed OplusVNet network, we collected 1869 citrus pest and disease images and 202 normal citrus images from the field. The experimental results showed that the proposed OplusVNet can more effectively solve the problem caused by uneven data volume and has higher recognition accuracy, especially for image categories with a relatively small data volume. Compared with the state of the art networks, the generalization ability of the proposed OplusVNet network is stronger for classifying diseases. The classification accuracy of the model prediction results was 0.99, indicating the model can be used as a reference for crop image classification.
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29

Petretto, Giacomo Luigi, Maria Enrica Di Pietro, Marzia Piroddi, Giorgio Pintore und Alberto Mannu. „Classification of Pummelo (Citrus grandis) Extracts through UV-VIS-Based Chemical Fingerprint“. Beverages 8, Nr. 2 (13.06.2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages8020034.

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Cold extraction methods with ethanol applied to the flavedo of Citrus fruits have been commonly applied for the preparation of several liquors. In order to obtain the extraction optimization and then the best ratio of functional ingredients in the extract, the flavedo of Citrus grandis Osbeck (pummelo) was subjected to a maceration with absolute ethanol at room temperature as well as at 40 °C. The kinetics of the extraction methods were monitored by UV–VIS spectroscopy, and a chemical fingerprint characteristic of each extract was determined by statistical multivariate analysis of the UV–VIS raw data. Additionally, the extracts were qualitatively characterized by NMR spectroscopy as well as by solid phase micro extraction followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). NMR analysis confirmed the presence of the typical flavanones of Citrus such as naringin and naringenin, while the GC/MS analysis showed that the headspace of the liquor is characterized by two main compounds represented by β-myrcene and limonene. At the end, the temperature seems to not affect the time of extraction, which is complete after 25 h; however, UV–VIS-based multivariate analysis revealed that a different overall chemical composition is obtained depending on the temperature, probably due to the extraction of minor chemicals as well as due to different levels of the same compounds in the two extracts.
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Zhang, Haipeng, Huan Wen, Jiajing Chen, Zhaoxin Peng, Meiyan Shi, Mengjun Chen, Ziyu Yuan, Yuan Liu, Hongyan Zhang und Juan Xu. „Volatile Compounds in Fruit Peels as Novel Biomarkers for the Identification of Four Citrus Species“. Molecules 24, Nr. 24 (12.12.2019): 4550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244550.

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The aroma quality of citrus fruit is determined by volatile compounds, which bring about different notes to allow discrimination among different citrus species. However, the volatiles with various aromatic traits specific to different citrus species have not been identified. In this study, volatile profiles in the fruit peels of four citrus species collected from our previous studies were subjected to various analyses to mine volatile biomarkers. Principal component analysis results indicated that different citrus species could almost completely be separated. Thirty volatiles were identified as potential biomarkers in discriminating loose-skin mandarin, sweet orange, pomelo, and lemon, while 17 were identified as effective biomarkers in discriminating clementine mandarins from the other loose-skin mandarins and sweet oranges. Finally, 30 citrus germplasms were used to verify the classification based on β-elemene, valencene, nootkatone, and limettin as biomarkers. The accuracy values were 90.0%, 96.7%, 96.7%, and 100%, respectively. This research may provide a novel and effective alternative approach to identifying citrus genetic resources.
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Morell-Monzó, Sergio, María-Teresa Sebastiá-Frasquet und Javier Estornell. „Land Use Classification of VHR Images for Mapping Small-Sized Abandoned Citrus Plots by Using Spectral and Textural Information“. Remote Sensing 13, Nr. 4 (13.02.2021): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040681.

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Agricultural land abandonment is an increasing problem in Europe. The Comunitat Valenciana Region (Spain) is one of the most important citrus producers in Europe suffering this problem. This region characterizes by small sized citrus plots and high spatial fragmentation which makes necessary to use Very High-Resolution images to detect abandoned plots. In this paper spectral and Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM)-based textural information derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are used to map abandoned citrus plots in Oliva municipality (eastern Spain). The proposed methodology is based on three general steps: (a) extraction of spectral and textural features from the image, (b) pixel-based classification of the image using the Random Forest algorithm, and (c) assignment of a single value per plot by majority voting. The best results were obtained when extracting the texture features with a 9 × 9 window size and the Random Forest model showed convergence around 100 decision trees. Cross-validation of the model showed an overall accuracy of the pixel-based classification of 87% and an overall accuracy of the plot-based classification of 95%. All the variables used are statistically significant for the classification, however the most important were contrast, dissimilarity, NIR band (720 nm), and blue band (620 nm). According to our results, 31% of the plots classified as citrus in Oliva by current methodology are abandoned. This is very important to avoid overestimating crop yield calculations by public administrations. The model was applied successfully outside the main study area (Oliva municipality); with a slightly lower accuracy (92%). This research provides a new approach to map small agricultural plots, especially to detect land abandonment in woody evergreen crops that have been little studied until now.
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Flamini, Guido, Laura Pistelli, Simona Nardoni, Valentina Ebani, Angela Zinnai, Francesca Mancianti, Roberta Ascrizzi und Luisa Pistelli. „Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activity of “Pompia”, a Sardinian Citrus Ecotype“. Molecules 24, Nr. 5 (05.03.2019): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050908.

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Pompia is a Sardinian citrus ecotype whose botanical classification is still being debated. In the present study, the composition of Pompia peel essential oil (EO) is reported for the first time, along with that of the leaf EO, as a phytochemical contribution to the classification of this ecotype. The peel EO was tested for its antioxidant ability (with both the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picarylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays). Moreover, its antimicrobial activities were tested for the first time on dermatophytes (Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes), on potentially toxigenic fungi (Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger) as well on bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius). The dominant abundance of limonene in the peel EO seems to distinguish Pompia from the Citrus spp. to which it had previously been associated. It lacks γ-terpinene, relevant in Citrus medica EO. Its relative content of α- and β-pinene is lower than 0.5%, in contrast to Citrus limon peel EO. Pompia peel and leaf EOs did not show significant amounts of linalool and linalyl acetate, which are typically found in Citrus aurantium. Pompia peel EO antioxidant activity was weak, possibly because of its lack of γ-terpinene. Moreover, it did not exert any antimicrobial effects either towards the tested bacteria strains, or to dermatophytes and environmental fungi.
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Saddoud Debbabi, Olfa, Selma Ben Abdelaali, Rym Bouhlal, Sabrine Zneidi, Nasr Ben Abdelaali und Massaoud Mars. „Genetic Characterization of Tunisian Lime Genotypes Using Pomological Traits“. Journal of Horticultural Research 28, Nr. 1 (30.06.2020): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2020-0004.

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AbstractCitrus genus includes a wide number of species that have been long cultivated and well adapted in Tunisia. It is represented by small number of plantations and considered as underutilized in Tunisia. Our goal was to genetically characterize Tunisian lime genotypes to obtain data useful for gene conservation and breeding purposes. The survey of genotypes was conducted in the Cap Bon region, where citrus cultivation is the most spread. Sixteen quantitative and 19 qualitative parameters were evaluated. The observed accessions belonged to three different species: Citrus limetta, Citrus latifolia (limes Byrsa), and Citrus limettioides (limes of Palestine) according to Tanaka classification. Principal component analysis confirmed these classifications. Four-cell analysis (FCA) was used to determine the most threatened genotypes. Quantitative traits were evaluated and allowed the discrimination between genotypes. Many quantitative traits of fruit and juice were highly positively and significantly correlated. Phenotypic diversity was determined using Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H’). The highest value of diversity index was observed for both vesicle thickness and thickness of segment walls (H’ = 0.98). Intermediate values were observed for both fruit axis (H’= 0.49) and pulp firmness (H’ = 0.43). However, fruit shape (H’ = 0.24), shape of fruit apex (H’ = 0.24), and vesicle length (H’ = 0.33) presented the lowest values of diversity index. Current findings will be useful to conserve threatened genotypes ex situ and on farm and also will guide strategic conservation on Citrus genetic resources for future breeding programs.
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Xiao, Deqin, Ruilin Zeng, Youfu Liu, Yigui Huang, Junbing Liu, Jianzhao Feng und Xinglong Zhang. „Citrus greening disease recognition algorithm based on classification network using TRL-GAN“. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 200 (September 2022): 107206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.107206.

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35

X. Zhao, T. F. Burks, J. Qin und M. A. Ritenour. „Digital Microscopic Imaging for Citrus Peel Disease Classification Using Color Texture Features“. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 25, Nr. 5 (2009): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28845.

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Miller, William M. „Comparison of two classification approaches for automatic density separation of Florida citrus“. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 4, Nr. 3 (Januar 1990): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1699(90)90021-g.

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Shrivastava, Rahul J., und Jennifer L. Gebelein. „Land cover classification and economic assessment of citrus groves using remote sensing“. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 61, Nr. 5 (Januar 2007): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2006.10.003.

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38

Li, Xiuhua, Won Suk Lee, Minzan Li, Reza Ehsani, Ashish Ratn Mishra, Chenghai Yang und Robert L. Mangan. „Spectral difference analysis and airborne imaging classification for citrus greening infected trees“. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 83 (April 2012): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2012.01.010.

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39

Iqbal, S. Md, A. Gopal, P. E. Sankaranarayanan und Athira B. Nair. „Classification of Selected Citrus Fruits Based on Color Using Machine Vision System“. International Journal of Food Properties 19, Nr. 2 (18.05.2015): 272–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2015.1020439.

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Wang, Hui, Tie Cai und Wei Cao. „Citrus Huanglongbing Recognition Algorithm Based on CKMOPSO“. International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 15, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.20211001.oa10.

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In view of the similarity of characteristics between the features of the disease images and the large dimension, and the features correlation of the disease images, this will lead to the generation of feature redundancy, and will introduce a serious impact on the recognition efficiency and accuracy of citrus Huanglongbing. In addition, they have the defects of high cost of detection algorithms and low detection accuracy. This will occur in the image cutting feature extraction stage, so this paper uses the citrus Huanglongbing recognition algorithm based on kriging model simplex crossover local based search Multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm(CKMOPSO) selects feature vectors with strong classification capabilities from the original disease image features, experimental results show that this is an effective recognition method.
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Magalhães, Aida B., Giorgio S. Senesi, Anielle Ranulfi, Thiago Massaiti, Bruno S. Marangoni, Marina Nery da Silva, Paulino R. Villas Boas et al. „Discrimination of Genetically Very Close Accessions of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)“. Molecules 26, Nr. 11 (21.05.2021): 3092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113092.

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The correct recognition of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) variety accessions at the nursery stage of growth is a challenge for the productive sector as they do not show any difference in phenotype traits. Furthermore, there is no DNA marker able to distinguish orange accessions within a variety due to their narrow genetic trace. As different combinations of canopy and rootstock affect the uptake of elements from soil, each accession features a typical elemental concentration in the leaves. Thus, the main aim of this work was to analyze two sets of ten different accessions of very close genetic characters of three varieties of fresh citrus leaves at the nursery stage of growth by measuring the differences in elemental concentration by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The accessions were discriminated by both principal component analysis (PCA) and a classifier based on the combination of classification via regression (CVR) and partial least square regression (PLSR) models, which used the elemental concentrations measured by LIBS as input data. A correct classification of 95.1% and 80.96% was achieved, respectively, for set 1 and set 2. These results showed that LIBS is a valuable technique to discriminate among citrus accessions, which can be applied in the productive sector as an excellent cost–benefit tool in citrus breeding programs.
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Harbi, Ahlem, Khaled Abbes, Beatriz Sabater-Muñoz, Francisco Beitia und Brahim Chermiti. „Residual toxicity of insecticides used in Tunisian citrus orchards on the imported parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Implications for IPM program of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)“. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, Nr. 3 (10.07.2017): e1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017153-10734.

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Citrus agro-industry is globally harshened mainly by Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the most worldwide destructive tephritid fruit fly species. Citrus agro-industry is one of the pillars of Tunisia economy, and by hence, harshened by this species. Tunisia has established an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programme against citrus pests, including C. capitata, that rely on the structured use of pesticides, on the application several trapping protocols, along with pilot-scale sterile insect technique program and, since 2013, with pilot-scale releases of the braconid parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata Ashmed (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Insecticide side-effects on parasitoids and other natural enemies are being requested for a successful implementation of biological control within any IPM programme. However, these data are almost scarce for the braconid species D. longicaudata. To this end, we have determined the side-effects of malathion, methidathion, acetamiprid, azadiractin, abamectin, deltametrin+thiacloprid and spinosad, as the most popular insecticides used in Tunisia either as fresh residues or at several aged time points, on the parasitoid D. longicaudata according the IOBC pesticide harm-classification. IOBC classification evolution of residues over time had allowed determining the best combination of pesticide applications in a structured fashion with the viable releases of D. longicaudata for the control of C. capitata in Tunisian citrus agro-ecosystems.
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Xing, Shuli, und Malrey Lee. „Classification Accuracy Improvement for Small-Size Citrus Pests and Diseases Using Bridge Connections in Deep Neural Networks“. Sensors 20, Nr. 17 (03.09.2020): 4992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174992.

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Due to the rich vitamin content in citrus fruit, citrus is an important crop around the world. However, the yield of these citrus crops is often reduced due to the damage of various pests and diseases. In order to mitigate these problems, several convolutional neural networks were applied to detect them. It is of note that the performance of these selected models degraded as the size of the target object in the image decreased. To adapt to scale changes, a new feature reuse method named bridge connection was developed. With the help of bridge connections, the accuracy of baseline networks was improved at little additional computation cost. The proposed BridgeNet-19 achieved the highest classification accuracy (95.47%), followed by the pre-trained VGG-19 (95.01%) and VGG-19 with bridge connections (94.73%). The use of bridge connections also strengthens the flexibility of sensors for image acquisition. It is unnecessary to pay more attention to adjusting the distance between a camera and pests and diseases.
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Phi Bằng, Cao, und Trần Thị Thanh Huyền. „Identification, classification and chromosome mapping of the dehydrin gene family in clementine oranges (Citrus clementina)“. Journal of Science, Natural Science 61, Nr. 4 (2016): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2016-0018.

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45

Sun, Xiaopeng, Sai Xu und Huazhong Lu. „Non-Destructive Identification and Estimation of Granulation in Honey Pomelo Using Visible and Near-Infrared Transmittance Spectroscopy Combined with Machine Vision Technology“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 16 (05.08.2020): 5399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165399.

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Granulation is a physiological disorder of juice sacs in citrus fruit, causing juice sacs to become hard and dry and resulting in decreased internal quality of citrus fruit. Honey pomelo is a thick-skinned citrus fruit, and it is difficult to identify the extent of granulation by observation of the outer peel and fruit shape. In this study, a rapid and non-destructive testing method using visible and near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy combined with machine vision technology was applied to identify and estimate granulation inside fruit. A total of 600 samples in different growth periods was harvested, and fruit were divided into five classes according to five granulation levels. Spectral data were obtained for two ranges of 400–1100 nm and 900–1700 nm by visible and near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy. In addition, chemometrics were used to measure the chemical changes of soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and moisture content (MC) caused by different granulation levels. Machine vision technology can rapidly estimate the external characteristics of samples and measure the physical changes in mass and volume caused by different granulation levels. Compared with using a single or traditional methods, the predictive performances of multi-category classification models (PCA-SVM and PCA-GRNN) were significantly enhanced. In particular, the model accuracy rate (ARM) was 99% for PCA-GRNN, with classification accuracy (CA), classification sensitivity (CS), and classification specificity (CSP) of 0.9950, 0.9750, and 0.9934, respectively. The results showed that this method has great potential for the identification and estimation of granulation. Multi-source data fusion and application of a multi-category classification model with the smallest number of input layers and acceptable high predictive performances are proposed for on-line applications. This method can be effectively used on-line for the non-destructive detection of fruits with granulation.
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Franco, Mariane Ferreira, Eduardo Carvalho Marques, Carlos de Sousa Lucci, Bruno Leonardo Mendonça Ribeiro, Lucas Alencar Fernandes Beserra, Jeferson Carvalho da Silva, Gisela Gregoria Choque und Lilian Gregory. „Estudo de diferentes proporções de milho x polpa cítrica x concentrado/volumoso na alimentação de ovinos da raça Suffolk“. Revista Agraria Academica 5, Nr. 5 (01.09.2022): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v5n5/2022/107-115/agrariacad.

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Dehydrated citrus pulp (PC) has been used in animal feed in pellet form, as an energetic and highly digestible ingredient of the fibrous classification for growing and lactating animals. The purpose of this experiment is data on the introduction of citrus products in replacement, in diets with the possibility of a greater variety of products between concentrates and forages. To evaluate the research, rumen fluid was used to determine pH and ammonia dosage and a blood sample to determine blood glucose and urea. With this work, the change from corn ration to citrus pulp, in any of them, did not interfere in any parameter evaluated.
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47

Ge Tu, Wang He Xi, und Bolormaa D. „Size based research on orange quality and classification“. Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 25, Nr. 03 (28.12.2018): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v25i03.1184.

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Quality control and classification of agricultural products is an important component of agricultural production and sales. Use MATLAB 2010 software with image processing technology to create the quality classification of the oranges (diameter, perimeter, and field) based on the fruits. Prior to the quality classification, collecting orange tree images (taking photos from scratch), and then drawing a scratchy image. Comparing the ratio between the orange fruit diameter, perimeter, pixel and actual size, the fruit of the fruit is compared with the results of the Jeju Citrus Commission. The comparisons of these results indicate that the orange diametre pixels represent the actual amount of orange in terms of more accurate than the other two pixels (perimeter and area). This will be used for further research. Хэмжээнд тулгуурлан жүрж жимсний чанарын ангилалын судалгаа Хураангуй: Хөдөө аж ахуйн бүтээгдэхүүний чанарын хяналт ба ангилал нь хөдөө аж ахуйн үйлдвэрлэх ба борлуулалтын чухал бүрэлдэхүүн хэсэг юм. Тус судалганы ажилд дижтал зураг боловсруулалтийн технологыг ашиглан MATLAB 2010 програм хангамж дээр жүрж жимсийн хэмжээнд суурилан (диаметр, периметр, талбай) чанарын ангилал хийб. Чанарын ангилал хийхээс өмнө жүрж жимсийн модны зураг цуглуулж (дүрбэн талаас журж модны зургийг авна), дахяд модны зурган урдчилэн дүрс боловсруулалт хинэ. Эцүсд жүрж жимсний диаметр, периметр, талбайин пиксел ба бодит хэмжээний хоорондох харьцааг тодорхойлон жимсйиг Jeju Citrus Commission жимсний хэмжээг судалсан үр дүнтай харьцуулэб. Эдгээр үр дүнгийн харьцуулалтаас харахад жүрж жимсний диаметрийн пиксел нь бусад хоёр пиксел (периметр ба талбай)-ээс илүү нарийвчлалтайгаар жүржйин бодит хэмжээг илэрхийлсэн байна. Үүнийг цаашдын судалгааны ажилдаа хэрэглэх болно. Түлхүүр үг: Дижитал дүрс боловсруулах, Хоёртын зураг, Шуугиан, Өнгөний орон зай, Зураг сигментчилэх
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Furuta, Shu, Isao Hayakawa und Yusaku Fujio. „Classification of the Constituents of Citrus Juice Residue by a Wet-Grinding Process“. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 34, Nr. 1/2 (November 1989): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5109/23892.

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FENG, Xinwei, Qinghua ZHANG und Zhongliang ZHU. „Rapid Classification of Citrus Fruits Based on Raman Spectroscopy and Pattern Recognition Techniques“. Food Science and Technology Research 19, Nr. 6 (2013): 1077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/fstr.19.1077.

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Befu, Mayumi, Akira Kitajima und Kojiro Hasegawa. „Classification of the Citrus Chromosomes with Same Types of Chromomycin A Banding Patterns.“ Engei Gakkai zasshi 71, Nr. 3 (2002): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.71.394.

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