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Bauer, Tom, Peggy Zwolinski, Nabil Nasr und Guillaume Mandil. „Characterization of circular strategies to better design circular industrial systems“. Journal of Remanufacturing 10, Nr. 3 (25.05.2020): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13243-020-00083-x.
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Kane, G. M., C. A. Bakker und A. R. Balkenende. „Towards design strategies for circular medical products“. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 135 (August 2018): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.07.030.
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Alivojvodic, Vesna, Jelena Drobac, Predrag Maksić und Marina Stamenovic. „Circular economy framework for sustainable product design strategies“. MATEC Web of Conferences 318 (2020): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031801023.
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Limited global resources, climate changes, growing population, combined with demand for sustainable products, indicate the need for change of existing production and consumption practices. In order of achieving more regenerative, restorative, and circular economy, design has been recognized as a catalyst for moving away from the traditional linear economy model (take-make-dispose). As shifting focus from quantity to quality, and finding new ways of working in cooperation with the nature, slowly becoming paradigm, it is important for designers committed to sustainability to have in mind environmental, social and economic performance of product design. This paper aims to address position of different product design strategies correlated with circular economy concept, as well as the opportunities for designers’ to shift their mindset from the position of creators to solution providers.
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Knošková, Ľubica. „Circular Design and Consumer Involvement in Circular Economy“. Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia 13, Nr. 43 (01.03.2020): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stcb-2020-0001.
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Abstract The circular economy is an approach to help reduce global sustainability pressures. In circular economy it is important to involve design from the beginning of the product lifecycle, including product ideation and material selection. Involvement of consumers and users into circular economy is very important and enables change in purchase patterns and product utilization. The paper methodology consists of a profound literature review and analysis in area of circular economy, circular design and consumer or user influence on circularity. The goal of the paper is to provide insights into the consumer involvement into a circular economy and changes in users’ behavior. The research results in discussion of design strategies to slow down “resource loops”, to close “resource loops”, and to “narrow material flow” to enhance circular economy and business models, as well as consumer involvement in circular economy. We outline desired consumer and user behavior leading to circular economy.
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Rasmussen, FN, M. Birkved und H. Birgisdóttir. „Upcycling and Design for Disassembly – LCA of buildings employing circular design strategies“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 225 (24.02.2019): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/225/1/012040.
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Ingemarsdotter, Emilia, Ella Jamsin, Gerd Kortuem und Ruud Balkenende. „Circular Strategies Enabled by the Internet of Things—A Framework and Analysis of Current Practice“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 20 (15.10.2019): 5689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205689.
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This paper focuses on how the Internet of Things (IoT) could contribute to the transition to a circular economy (CE), through supporting circular business model and design strategies. While literature has highlighted the opportunities for IoT to support circular strategies in business, little has been published about actual implementations in practice. The aim of this study was therefore to understand how companies to date have implemented IoT for circular strategies, and how these implementations compare to the range of opportunities described in literature. To that end, a two-step approach was followed. Firstly, building on academic literature, a framework was developed which categorizes different IoT-enabled circular strategies. The framework recognizes tracking, monitoring, control, optimization, and design evolution as IoT capabilities. Efficiency in use, increased utilization, and product lifetime extension are distinguished as circular in-use strategies, while reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling are distinguished as circular looping strategies. The framework complements previously published work, as it adds additional detail to the categorization, and allows for easy mapping of diverse cases. Secondly, 40 cases from practice were analyzed and mapped to the framework. This way, practice-based insights were derived about the current distribution of IoT-enabled circular strategies implemented in practice. The results show that current implementation of IoT-enabled circular strategies mainly supports two strategies in the use phase: efficiency in use and product lifetime extension. Only a small number of the reviewed cases display IoT-enabled looping (reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling). Similarly, few cases describe ‘design evolution’ for CE, i.e., the feedback of data from products in use to support circular design. Based on these results, this study identifies the need for future research to further investigate why IoT-enabled looping strategies and design evolution for circular strategies have not been implemented to scale.
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Bocken, Nancy M. P., Ingrid de Pauw, Conny Bakker und Bram van der Grinten. „Product design and business model strategies for a circular economy“. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering 33, Nr. 5 (26.04.2016): 308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21681015.2016.1172124.
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Joustra, Jelle, Bas Flipsen und Ruud Balkenende. „Circular Design of Composite Products: A Framework Based on Insights from Literature and Industry“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 13 (28.06.2021): 7223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137223.
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Composite materials are an attractive material choice as they enable lightweight, low-maintenance products with a long lifespan. Recycling these materials, however, remains a challenge. Homogeneous material composition and the use of thermoset matrices complicate reprocessing, and result in low-grade recyclate. This means that closing the loop for these materials in a circular economy remains challenging, especially for glass fibre-reinforced thermoset composites. For a circular economy, products need to be designed to preserve product functionality, material properties, and economic value for as long as possible. However, recovery strategies, design aspects and their interconnectedness are currently largely unexplored for products containing fibre-reinforced polymers. The aim of this study was to identify circular strategies and determine design aspects for products containing composites. To achieve this, we conducted a systematic literature review and consulted experts. The circular strategies are largely similar to generic circular economy strategies as far as product integrity is concerned. However, on a material level, we identified additional approaches, the most notable of which is structural reuse, which preserves the material quality and thereby value. The design aspects were clustered and positioned along the product design process to support implementation. Finally, the strategies and design aspects we identified were brought together in a framework to support product design and design research for products containing composite materials in the context of a circular economy.
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Delgadillo Jaime, Estephania Elizabeth, Tatiana Reyes Carrillo und Rupert Baumgartner. „Circular PSS Strategies: An Exploration of the Integration of Territorial Resources“. Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, Nr. 1 (Juli 2019): 3191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.326.
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AbstractProduct service systems (PSS) are frequently cited as key strategies in the transition towards the circular economy (CE). The main aim of the CE is sustainable development (SD), hence, this paper intends to highlight the importance of considering the territory in the design and implementation of circular PSS strategies for ensuring SD. This research is in an early stage, thus, a literature review was conducted to define the main characteristics of circular PSS, and the concepts of the territory, territorial and local resources from a PSS perspective. In addition, an analysis of the state-of-the-art approach of the integration of the territorial scale in the design and development of PSS strategies was conducted. This study contributes to the understanding of the territory and its relevance in the local value creation in circular PSS strategies. Furthermore, the results highlight the relevant role of collaboration and the importance of intangible resources in the mobilisation of other resources in the design of circular PSS strategies.
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Shahbazi, Sasha, und Anna Karin Jönbrink. „Design Guidelines to Develop Circular Products: Action Research on Nordic Industry“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 9 (02.05.2020): 3679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093679.
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Product design and development are key to moving towards a circular economy; however, the majority of products and components that are currently recirculated have not been designed for circulation of any sort. Circular economy business models and closing the loop can be functional only if the products and services are designed for circularity. This paper presents a set of generic design guidelines for different circular strategies. The guidelines are then used to map companies’ circular product design initiatives in the early stages of product design and development. The guidelines have proved to support decision-making and enhance the circularity of products. The guidelines were developed, validated, and tested at four companies within the Nordic countries through an action research approach. Sourcing raw materials, recycling, and ensuring the robustness of products for the use phase are the most common strategies used by the studied companies. There is an ongoing transition towards other recirculation strategies, such as repair, remanufacture, and reuse.
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Nyström, Thomas, Katherine A. Whalen, Derek Diener, Marcel den Hollander und Robert H. W. Boyer. „Managing Circular Business Model Uncertainties with Future Adaptive Design“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 18 (16.09.2021): 10361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810361.
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Designing products that can adapt to changes over time is crucial for managing product-related business risks in circular business models. However, there is limited circular economy research on how product adaptivity can contribute to more circular products and business models, especially in the early phases of business development and design. To address this research gap, this conceptual paper builds on the adaptable design concept and incorporates ideas from research on circular business models and circular design literature. It proposes a framework we collectively term “Future Adaptive Design” to help manage product-related business risks in circular business models and investigates related design strategies for product-based companies aiming to adopt circular business models.
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Nikolaienko, Artem. „Resource efficiency strategies based on the circular economy“. European Journal of Management Issues 27, Nr. 3-4 (25.12.2019): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/191910.
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Purpose – to describe resource efficiency strategies based on the circular economy.
Design/Method/Approach. Logical and critical, abstract-logical methods are used for the theoretical generalization of crucial approaches to the formation of resource-efficiency strategies based on the circular economy.
Research results. There were considered the scientific and theoretical approaches to the formulation of resource-efficiency strategies based on the circular economy. The circularity strategies within the production chain has been formed in the order of priority. The idea of classifying circular strategies has been expanded.
Practical implications. The results of the research allow establishing a target system of the circular economy structure, to show the possible effect of the circular economy.
Originality/Value. The theoretical bases for the development of the circular economy in terms of identification of the essential tools for the resource-efficiency strategies implementation based on the principles of the circular economy at micro-, macro-, meso-, and mega-levels.
Research limitations/Future research. The research serve as the basis for further evaluation and forecasting of the operation efficiency, costs optimization of the production resources and entity’s commercial activity, making the mechanism for the sustainable economic development of the enterprise.
.Paper type – theoretical.
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Romani, Alessia, Valentina Rognoli und Marinella Levi. „Design, Materials, and Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing in Circular Economy Contexts: From Waste to New Products“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 13 (29.06.2021): 7269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137269.
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The transition toward circular economy models has been progressively promoted in the last few years. Different disciplines and strategies may significantly support this change. Although the specific contribution derived from design, material science, and additive manufacturing is well-established, their interdisciplinary relationship in circular economy contexts is relatively unexplored. This paper aims to review the main case studies related to new circular economy models for waste valorization through extrusion-based additive manufacturing, circular materials, and new design strategies. The general patterns were investigated through a comprehensive analysis of 74 case studies from academic research and design practice in the last six-year period (2015–2021), focusing on the application fields, the 3D printing technologies, and the materials. Further considerations and future trends were then included by looking at the relevant funded projects and case studies of 2021. A broader number of applications, circular materials, and technologies were explored by the academic context, concerning the practice-based scenario linked to more consolidated fields. Thanks to the development of new strategies and experiential tools, academic research and practice can be linked to foster new opportunities to implement circular economy models.
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Minunno, Roberto, Timothy O’Grady, Gregory Morrison, Richard Gruner und Michael Colling. „Strategies for Applying the Circular Economy to Prefabricated Buildings“. Buildings 8, Nr. 9 (06.09.2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8090125.
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In this paper, a circular-economy framework is applied to the prefabricated building sector to explore the environmental advantages of prefabrication in terms of reduction, reusability, adaptability, and recyclability of its components. A qualitative approach is used to revisit the design, construction, and demolition stages of prefabricated buildings; in so doing, the circular-economy framework is applied to foster circular prefabricated modi operandi. Prefabrication of buildings can be divided into four entities: elements and components, panels (or non-volumetric elements), volumetric, and entire modules. Through an analysis of published research on how the circular economy can be applied to different industry sectors and production processes, seven strategies emerged, each of which revealed the potential of improving the circular economy of buildings. The first strategy is reduction of waste through a lean production chain. By reusing the waste, the second strategy investigates the use of by-products in the production of new components. The third strategy focuses on the reuse of replacement parts and components. The fourth strategy is based on design toward adaptability, respectively focusing on reusability of components and adapting components for a second use with a different purpose. Similarly, the fifth strategy considers the implications of designing for disassembly with Building Information Modeling so as to improve the end-of-life deconstruction phase. The sixth strategy focuses on design with attention to recyclability of used material. Finally, the seventh strategy considers the use of tracking technologies with embedded information on components’ geometric and mechanic characteristics as well as their location and life cycle to enable second use after deconstruction. It is demonstrated that prefabricated buildings are key to material savings, waste reduction, reuse of components, and various other forms of optimization for the construction sector. By adopting the identified strategies in prefabricated buildings, a circular economy could be implemented within the construction industry. Finally, seven guidelines were distilled from the review and linked to the identified strategies. Owing to their degree of adaptability and capacity of being disassembled, prefabricated buildings would allow waste reduction and facilitate a second life of components.
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Ghoreishi, Malahat, und Ari Happonen. „New promises AI brings into circular economy accelerated product design: a review on supporting literature“. E3S Web of Conferences 158 (2020): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015806002.
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Promoting and applying circular strategies in the product planning stage by industrial designers have significant environmental impacts. Product design has an enormous influence on sustainable ecology. Huge amounts of data analysis in designing circular products as well as reducing human biases in testing and prototyping are the main reasons for urging digital technologies in industries. Digitalization assets in ecodesign in collaboration with humans and as a complement for human skills. This study found the circular design tools and strategies which can help organizations in their product designs and the way artificial intelligence enhances product circularity. Real-time data transformation and analysis ability can help in massive data analysis which is less time consuming and less energy consumption is needed. In addition, rapid prototyping and fast testing will reduce the waste in design process. Furthermore, AI transfers precise data and information on materials and products’ availability, condition, and accessibility which makes easy monitoring and enables remote maintenance as well as reuse, remanufacturing and repair opportunities.
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Ræbild, Ulla. „Sustainable collection practices and life cycle strategies: A fashion design perspective“. Artifact 7, Nr. 1-2 (01.12.2020): 14.1–14.19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/art_00014_1.
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The fashion collection is a primary format in fashion design. Nevertheless, literature on the phenomenon is limited. In the transition towards new sustainable ways of designing and producing fashion garments, it is important to understand (1) how designers can promote change through their core collection design practice, and (2) how collection practices manifest within life cycle strategies for design. The study is constructed as a qualitative comparative analysis of interview data from three designers in a company context. The data is analysed in two modes: first through a framework for sustainable collection practices and second through a life cycle strategy framework. The study contributes with insights on how designers work with sustainability strategies in their collection building design practice and the key role that both material choices and design for garment longevity play in driving the strategies. Furthermore, it shows that the represented approaches to sustainability: circular system, slow fashion and fibre sourcing, reside within technical life cycle strategies with slowing and closing circular loops objectives, and that strategies solely in biological life cycles appear nonexistent. The study is small scale, and insights are therefore indicative.
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Terzioğlu, Nazlı, und Renee Wever. „Integrating Repair into Product Design Education: Insights on Repair, Design and Sustainability“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 18 (08.09.2021): 10067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810067.
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With the pressure of growing environmental problems, the world is changing, and so is the paradigm of design. Accordingly, the calls for change in design education are increasing throughout the literature day by day. As the designers of the future, students must be prepared for alternative scenarios. This paper provides insights into students’ learning outcomes and competencies related to repair and sustainability in the context of an assignment that integrates repair into design education. This assignment has been part of the master’s degree design course at Linköping University for the last 3 years. During these 3 years, 52 repair projects, including a diverse range of products, were developed. Aiming to find out the insights of this process, focus group sessions were conducted. As a result of these focus group sessions, 12 insights were developed, such as the concepts of brokenness, designed repair, and repair-worthy objects. Findings show that practices of repair constitute complex sites of learning, technical skill and knowledge which could enable novice designers to become competent in circular design. This paper is of value for design educators and researchers, especially those concerned with the repair and circular economy, as it can facilitate future attempts to further integrate circular strategies into design education.
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Akinade, Olugbenga, Lukumon Oyedele, Ahmed Oyedele, Juan Manuel Davila Delgado, Muhammad Bilal, Lukman Akanbi, Anuoluwapo Ajayi und Hakeem Owolabi. „Design for deconstruction using a circular economy approach: barriers and strategies for improvement“. Production Planning & Control 31, Nr. 10 (25.11.2019): 829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1695006.
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Remøy, Hilde, Alexander Wandl, Denis Ceric und Arjan Van Timmeren. „Facilitating Circular Economy in Urban Planning“. Urban Planning 4, Nr. 3 (27.09.2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i3.2484.
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A shift towards a more Circular Economy is crucial to achieve a more sustainable and inclusive built environment that meets future demands. Circular Economy is a promising concept for industry and society. If implemented well, Circular Economy can deliver environmental benefits and economic advantages for which innovation is essential. To achieve a resource-efficient built environment the Circular Economy should be developed and implemented systemically and on a large scale, going beyond cities. To realise this, local authorities, citizens, and other stakeholders need a collaborative and science-informed decision environment that allows for developing different waste and resource management options, and assessing their impacts on the environment, resilience, spatial quality and quality of life. The articles in this special issue all discuss different aspects of research to deliver solutions and strategies for a circular economy in urban planning throughout Europe, focusing on peri-urban locations. The first rticle introduces Living Labs as a methodology to co-create circular solutions and strategies with local stakeholders. The second article focuses on governance for the shift towards a Circular Economy, unravelling hindrances and revealing objectives, whereas the third article develops a means to transfer circular strategies and solutions from one location to another. The fourth article presents an open-source tool based on the geodesign approach which links the co-creation of design proposals to impact simulations informed by geographic contexts, systems thinking, and digital technology—the Geodesign Decision Support Environment. Finally, the fifth article presents the first results of incorporating the concept of Circular Economy in an integrative manner in urban design and planning courses.
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Dahmani, Noureddine, Khalid Benhida, Amine Belhadi, Sachin Kamble, Said Elfezazi und Sunil Kumar Jauhar. „Smart circular product design strategies towards eco-effective production systems: A lean eco-design industry 4.0 framework“. Journal of Cleaner Production 320 (Oktober 2021): 128847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128847.
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Bakos, Noemi, und Rosa Schiano-Phan. „Bioclimatic and Regenerative Design Guidelines for a Circular University Campus in India“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 15 (23.07.2021): 8238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158238.
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To transform the negative impacts of buildings on the environment into a positive footprint, a radical shift from the current, linear ‘make-use-dispose’ practice to a closed-loop ‘make-use-return’ system, associated with a circular economy, is necessary. This research aims to demonstrate the possible shift to a circular construction industry by developing the first practical framework with tangible benchmarks for a ‘Circular University Campus’ based on an exemplary case study project, which is a real project development in India. As a first step, a thorough literature review was undertaken to demonstrate the social, environmental and economic benefits of a circular construction industry. As next step, the guideline for a ‘Circular University Campus’ was developed, and its applicability tested on the case study. As final step, the evolved principles were used to establish ‘Project Specific Circular Building Indicators’ for a student residential block and enhance the proposed design through bioclimatic and regenerative design strategies. The building’s performance was evaluated through computational simulations, whole-life carbon analysis and a circular building assessment tool. The results demonstrated the benefits and feasibility of bioclimatic, regenerative building and neighbourhood design and provided practical prototypical case study and guidelines which can be adapted by architects, planners and governmental institutions to other projects, thereby enabling the shift to a restorative, circular construction industry.
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Obrecht, Matevz, Rawan El Haddad, Rowan Abd Elbary, Rebeka Kovačič Lukman und Maja Rosi. „Promoting Sustainable and Circular Plastics Use in Egipt with Implementation of Ecodesign Principles“. System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0057.
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AbstractGreen Supply chain, Green Packaging, Eco-labels, and Eco-design strategies are concepts that are discussed frequently within scientific and political debates. Eco-design strategies for Lifecycle Design include the Eco-design Strategy wheel which presents eight Eco-design strategies: New concept development, Selection of low-impact materials, Reduction of materials usage, Optimization of production techniques, Optimization of distribution system, Reduction of impact during use, Optimization of initial lifetime, and Optimization of end-of-life system. This research investigates specifically the selection of low impact raw materials phase using the European Union as a benchmark to improve the Egyptian situation and aims to apply the closed loop cycle to the Egyptian Plastics Industry. Its goal is to enlight the way towards Sustainable and Circular economy system in Plastics manufacturing sector in Egypt while emphasizing the financial benefits from the Business and Marketing perspectives rather than the Environmental perspective only.
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Schreiner, Silke, Anna Didio, Lee-Hsueh Hung und Albrecht Bindereif. „Design and application of circular RNAs with protein-sponge function“. Nucleic Acids Research 48, Nr. 21 (24.11.2020): 12326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa1085.
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Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs, generated from pre-mRNAs by circular splicing of exons and functionally largely uncharacterized. Here we report on the design, expression, and characterization of artificial circRNAs that act as protein sponges, specifically binding and functionally inactivating hnRNP (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein) L. HnRNP L regulates alternative splicing, depending on short CA-rich RNA elements. We demonstrate that designer hnRNP L-sponge circRNAs with CA-repeat or CA-rich sequence clusters can efficiently and specifically modulate splicing-regulatory networks in mammalian cells, including alternative splicing patterns and the cellular distribution of a splicing factor. This new strategy can in principle be applied to any RNA-binding protein, opening up new therapeutic strategies in molecular medicine.
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Bressanelli, Gianmarco, Nicola Saccani, Marco Perona und Irene Baccanelli. „Towards Circular Economy in the Household Appliance Industry: An Overview of Cases“. Resources 9, Nr. 11 (03.11.2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9110128.
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Circular Economy is a means to ensure sustainable production and consumption patterns. However, it is still at an embryonic stage of implementation in manufacturing companies. Given its potential, the household appliance industry is a promising arena for the adoption of Circular Economy. Thus, this study aims to investigate and systematize how Circular Economy has been adopted in the household appliance industry, through a multiple case study research. Twenty cases are analyzed following a Research Framework, to map: (i) the Circular Economy 4R strategies of reduce, reuse, remanufacture and recycle; (ii) the Circular Economy levers, i.e., whether circular product design practices, servitized business models or supply chain management actions are undertaken; (iii) the role of digital 4.0 technologies as enablers; (iv) the benefits achieved. The analysis showed that servitized business models and supply chain management actions are widely used levers, while little attention is devoted to circular product design practices. Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and Cloud emerged as powerful enablers of servitized business models. Two main patterns of Circular Economy adoption in the household appliance industry emerged from cases: incremental and radical adoption patterns. Incremental adoption patterns are based on design strategies focused on reduce and recycle, mainly led by manufacturers. Radical adoption patterns are instead focused on disruptive practices based on reuse, remanufacture, servitization and sharing, where digital 4.0 technologies serve as enablers. Overall, this exploratory research lays the foundation for a stronger and more systemic understanding of the adoption of Circular Economy in the household appliance industry.
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Sandell, Robin. „Network Design Strategies to Increase Efficiency and Usefulness of Urban Transit Ferry Systems“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2649, Nr. 1 (Januar 2017): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2649-08.
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As urban transit ferry systems expand, it is important for operators and transport agencies to take a more sophisticated approach to network design and scheduling to make services more useful for riders and to reduce costs. A new schedule was developed for a passenger ferry network in Sydney, Australia, on the basis of principles of integrated regular-interval scheduling. The existing network followed a conventional radial pattern, with 36 landings and terminals on nine lines, which converged on Circular Quay in Sydney’s central business district. The reconfigured network established timed transfers between all lines at Circular Quay and at other network nodes. The reconfiguration increased the number of origin–destination pairs with all-day convenient connections from 96 to 419. Service hours increased by 11%, but without a change in requirements for peak operating vessels. The modified network simplified operations and was likely to reduce the operating cost per service hour because of labor efficiency gains. Safer ferry operations were also predicted. Critical to successful implementation was an improvement in the passenger exchange process to reduce systemic causes of service delays. The results show that the usefulness of a complex urban transit ferry network can be enhanced by improved connectivity without necessarily increasing the number of terminals or government subsidy levels. The results also suggest the need for detailed network planning to precede plans for fleet acquisition and terminal infrastructure design. This planning is likely to target infrastructure investment better.
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Gravagnuolo, Antonia, Mariarosaria Angrisano und Luigi Fusco Girard. „Circular Economy Strategies in Eight Historic Port Cities: Criteria and Indicators Towards a Circular City Assessment Framework“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 13 (26.06.2019): 3512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133512.
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The circular city is emerging as new concept and form of practice in sustainable urban development. This is a response to the complex and pressing challenges of urbanization, as highlighted in the New Urban Agenda (NUA). The concept of a “circular city” or “circular city-region” derives from the circular economy model applied in the spatial territorial dimension. It can be associated with the concept of a “self-sustainable” regenerative city, as stated in paragraph n.71 of the NUA. This paper aims to develop an extensive form of “screening” of circular economy actions in emerging circular cities, focusing on eight European historic port cities self-defined as “circular”. The analysis is carried out as a review of circular economy actions in the selected cities, and specifically aims to identify the key areas of implementation in which the investments in the circular economy are more oriented, as well as to analyze the spatial implications of the reuse of buildings and sites, proposing a set of criteria and indicators for ex-ante and ex-post evaluations and monitoring of circular cities. Results show that the built environment (including cultural heritage), energy and mobility, waste management, water management, industrial production (including plastics, textiles, and industry 4.0 and circular design), agri-food, and citizens and communities can be adopted as strategic areas of implementation of the circular city model in historic cities, highlighting a lack of indicators in some sectors and identifying a possible framework for “closed” urban metabolism evaluation from a life-cycle perspective, focusing on evaluation criteria and indicators in the (historic) built environment.
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Castrillón, Hernán Darío Castaño, Carlos Mario Gutiérrez Aguilar und Beatriz Elena Angel Álvarez. „Circular Economy Strategies: Use of Corn Waste to Develop Biomaterials“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 15 (27.07.2021): 8356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158356.
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The circular economy is a process through which elements that have already been used are reincorporated and given a second use so that they can reduce the consumption of virgin raw materials. This article shows how, from the reuse of an agro-industrial waste such as corn husks, a biomaterial can be developed that manages to standardize the properties of materials such as paper and cardboard, thus allowing the development of single-use products that replace the excessive expense of materials such as polymers. In this article, it will be possible to show how from the process of transforming an agro-industrial waste into a raw material base, it is possible not only to reduce the number of raw materials discarded but also to redesign a product that not only contributes to the environmental component but also facilitates the processes of economic sustainability when generating products. As a practical case, a comparison is made between traditional fast-food packaging and how from these, a new packaging proposal can be generated, which starts from the principles of circular economy and complements sustainable design processes to make more efficient manufacturing of the mentioned product.
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Antonini, Ernesto, Andrea Boeri, Massimo Lauria und Francesca Giglio. „Reversibility and Durability as Potential Indicators for Circular Building Technologies“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 18 (16.09.2020): 7659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187659.
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According to the Circularity Gap Report 2020, a mere 8.6% of the global economy wascircular in 2019. The Global Status Report 2018 declares that building construction and operationsaccounted for 36% of global final energy use and 39% of energy–related carbon dioxide (CO2)emissions. The Paris Agreement demands that the building and construction sector decarbonizesglobally by 2050. This requires strategies that minimize the environmental impact of buildingsand practices extending the lifecycle of their constituents within a circular resource flow. To ensurethat eective measures are applied, a suitable method is needed to assess compliance in materials,processes, and design strategies within circular economy principles. The study’s assumption is thatsynthetic and reliable indicators for that purpose could be based on reversibility and durabilityfeatures. The paper provides an overview of building design issues within the circular economyperspective, highlighting the diculty in finding circular technologies which are suitable to enhancebuildings’ service life while closing material loops. The results identify reversibility and durability aspotential indicators for assessing circular building technologies. The next research stage aims to furtherdevelop the rating of circularity requirements for both building technologies and entire buildings.
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González-Domínguez, Jaime, Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso, Francisco Zamora-Polo und Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. „Application of Circular Economy Techniques for Design and Development of Products through Collaborative Project-Based Learning for Industrial Engineer Teaching“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 11 (26.05.2020): 4368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114368.
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Collaborative project-based learning aims to get students to take responsibility for their knowledge processes. The objective of this research is to analyze the viability of applying circular economy techniques for the design and development of products, through learning based on collaborative projects in industrial engineering. A survey was carried out between 2015 and 2019 on final year students of industrial engineering in Spain, from five different academic years. The responses obtained were analyzed statistically. The results indicate that the students who had more previous knowledge about the circular economy, valued its relevance for the design and development of products as well as for the practice of the profession more. In addition, it was demonstrated that the implementation of circular economy strategies in the design and development of products through collaborative projects allows the acquisition of different knowledge: eco-design, product planning and distribution, reuse, recycling, etc. Moreover, most of the students considered that the circular economy should be a complementary discipline and a transversal competence.
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Palmié, Maximilian, Jonas Boehm, Charlotte-Katharina Lekkas, Vinit Parida, Joakim Wincent und Oliver Gassmann. „Circular business model implementation: Design choices, orchestration strategies, and transition pathways for resource-sharing solutions“. Journal of Cleaner Production 280 (Januar 2021): 124399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124399.
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Franco, Maria A. „A system dynamics approach to product design and business model strategies for the circular economy“. Journal of Cleaner Production 241 (Dezember 2019): 118327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118327.
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Rahla, Kamel, Ricardo Mateus und Luís Bragança. „Implementing Circular Economy Strategies in Buildings—From Theory to Practice“. Applied System Innovation 4, Nr. 2 (07.04.2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi4020026.
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Population growth, along with a rapid urban expansion, is imposing a heavy pressure on the planet’s finite resources. It is widely acknowledged that the building industry consumes large amounts of raw materials while generating waste and emissions. To set apart economic growth from environmental repercussions, the Circular Economy (CE) arose as an innovative paradigm that can offer a fast-track towards a sustainable built environment. This paper will tackle a research gap that academia and policymakers often highlighted, which is how can we apply CE to assets that are predominantly meant to be demolished and their resources wasted when they reach their end-of-life. Globally, the paradigm aims at erasing the waste concept, relying on renewable and regenerative sources, and keeping the materials, components, and systems in use at their highest value as long as possible. The concept’s implementation would attempt to consider the built environment as a closed-loop system wherein resources are viewed as a scarce commodity. Although the CE seems straightforward, translating the circular thinking to the building level might be a hardship. The following paper will attempt to shed light on how to promote CE in buildings that will ultimately lead to healthier, more efficient, and more sustainable cities on a broader scale. The proposed framework considers CE implementation strategies throughout the building’s lifecycle and mainly deals with three innovative aspects: wise resource management, building design approaches, and digitalization of the building industry. In this sense, this study will explore these game-changing factors that are considered paramount to concretize the concept in practice and provide a smooth pathway for CE uptake in buildings.
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White, David D., und Carlton R. Croyle. „Navy Acquisition of Ships to Commercial Standards Using a Circular of Requirements“. Journal of Ship Production 6, Nr. 01 (01.02.1990): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1990.6.1.18.
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A variety of ship acquisition procedures have been used by the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) in recent years. Every new design uses some variant on the basic design process. There are in-house designs and contracted-out designs and a variety of gradations in between. This paper addresses the acquisition of ships designed and built to commercial standards using the two-step procurement method. Both the two-step approach and the use of commercial standards have created a degree of controversy and confusion within NAVSEA. A less rigorous degree of control is exerted by NAVSEA over these designs without a corresponding decrease in responsibility. This paper explores the advantages and the pitfalls of the Navy's commercial acquisition approach, from the perspective of both the project manager and the technical codes. The mechanics of the approach are described and compared with the conventional Navy acquisition process. Finally, "lessons learned" and possible future acquisition strategies are presented.
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Cobra, Raphael, Paula Sanvezzo, Marcia Branciforti und Janaina Mascarenhas. „Circular Technology Roadmapping (TRM): Fostering Sustainable Material Development“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 13 (23.06.2021): 7036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137036.
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To design more sustainable products often means improving the sustainability of materials. Currently, sustainable innovation calls upon materials to not only minimize environmental impacts but also to become circular. That requires efforts to keep materials functional for longer, avoid early disposal, and re-entering the cycle via recycling and other feedback processes. Those emerging challenges for materials development and the Circular Economy (CE) are especially critical in the case of polymers. How to develop strategies to preserve the value of polymers remains a question that mobilizes both researchers and practitioners. Technology Roadmapping (TRM) is a tool traditionally used for planning innovation processes and has supported the development of sustainable materials and other sustainability-related projects. This study tests TRM’s potential to assist with the planning of new circular polymers solutions and proposes the Circular TRM method. This proposition results from the case study of the development of waste-based fiber-polymer materials and strategies for getting them into the market. Our case study demonstrates how it would be possible to differentiate the various polymer material technologies and determine the most circular strategy path.
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Amenta, Libera, und Lei Qu. „Experimenting with Circularity When Designing Contemporary Regions: Adaptation Strategies for More Resilient and Regenerative Metropolitan Areas of Amsterdam and Naples Developed in University Studio Settings“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 11 (03.06.2020): 4549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114549.
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This paper aims to demonstrate how ‘research by design,’ which is an approach bridging research, design, and planning, can help unpack the complexity of today’s metropolitan challenges by considering the resource flows and processes that were omitted by traditional ways of planning. This is crucial for circular developments. By reporting the experience of two university design studios across Europe, this paper can contribute to a better understanding and imagination of desirable future scenarios of resilient regions. The experiments carried out in the Regional design studio: ‘Spatial Strategies for the Global Metropolis’ held at TU Delft are described alongside with the exercises carried out in the design studio ‘Laboratory of Urbanism’ of the MAPA Course, held at DiARC UNINA. Both courses focused on the regeneration of wastescapes as a fundamental part of holistic adaptation strategies for more resilient and circular regions. Climate change issues related to resilience thinking have been interwoven with other complex challenges such as the co-existence of wastescapes and land scarcity as well as spatial injustice. Through a ‘research by design’ approach, these different aspects are brought together to achieve a holistic approach for urban resilience.
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Diaz Tena, Anna, Josef-Peter Schoeggl, Tatiana Reyes und Rupert J. Baumgartner. „EXPLORING SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES FOR A CIRCULAR ECONOMY THROUGH MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS“. Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (27.07.2021): 1491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.410.
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AbstractOver the last years, academic literature has made significant progress on the development of key concepts, identifying circular product typologies, developing assessment methods, and exploring the synergies with manufacturing trends such as digitalisation or environmental management. Nevertheless, less attention has been paid on describing process model changes necessary for the implementation of circular product development. For this reason, this paper presents the circular Sustainable Product Development (cSPD) morphological field, aimed at providing implementation guidance to business and industry. It describes possible reconfigurations of the Sustainable Product Development (SPD) process model to further integrate circularity R-strategies, design scopes, design guidelines, inter- and intra-organisational actors and criteria for evaluation. With this framework, we intend to identify the most defining parameters in the process model and assign them a discrete number of categorical values so that different combinations explain the generation of prevalent circular product typologies in the manufacturing of durable goods.
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Velenturf, Anne P. M. „A Framework and Baseline for the Integration of a Sustainable Circular Economy in Offshore Wind“. Energies 14, Nr. 17 (05.09.2021): 5540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175540.
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Circular economy and renewable energy infrastructure such as offshore wind farms are often assumed to be developed in synergy as part of sustainable transitions. Offshore wind is among the preferred technologies for low-carbon energy. Deployment is forecast to accelerate over ten times faster than onshore wind between 2021 and 2025, while the first generation of offshore wind turbines is about to be decommissioned. However, the growing scale of offshore wind brings new sustainability challenges. Many of the challenges are circular economy-related, such as increasing resource exploitation and competition and underdeveloped end-of-use solutions for decommissioned components and materials. However, circular economy is not yet commonly and systematically applied to offshore wind. Circular economy is a whole system approach aiming to make better use of products, components and materials throughout their consecutive lifecycles. The purpose of this study is to enable the integration of a sustainable circular economy into the design, development, operation and end-of-use management of offshore wind infrastructure. This will require a holistic overview of potential circular economy strategies that apply to offshore wind, because focus on no, or a subset of, circular solutions would open the sector to the risk of unintended consequences, such as replacing carbon impacts with water pollution, and short-term private cost savings with long-term bills for taxpayers. This study starts with a systematic review of circular economy and wind literature as a basis for the coproduction of a framework to embed a sustainable circular economy throughout the lifecycle of offshore wind energy infrastructure, resulting in eighteen strategies: design for circular economy, data and information, recertification, dematerialisation, waste prevention, modularisation, maintenance and repair, reuse and repurpose, refurbish and remanufacturing, lifetime extension, repowering, decommissioning, site recovery, disassembly, recycling, energy recovery, landfill and re-mining. An initial baseline review for each strategy is included. The application and transferability of the framework to other energy sectors, such as oil and gas and onshore wind, are discussed. This article concludes with an agenda for research and innovation and actions to take by industry and government.
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Hagejärd, Sofie, Anita Ollár, Paula Femenías und Ulrike Rahe. „Designing for Circularity—Addressing Product Design, Consumption Practices and Resource Flows in Domestic Kitchens“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 3 (30.01.2020): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031006.
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Both the daily use and renewal of kitchens significantly contribute to the overall environmental impact of domestic buildings. To identify design implications related to circular consumption in domestic kitchens, 20 household interviews and one focus group session were performed, investigating how kitchens are used and transformed to meet households’ wants and needs. This study determined that daily kitchen resource use is greatly affected by kitchen design and that typical kitchen design generally does not promote sustainable resource use. Key factors that support minimization of resource use in the kitchen are the availability and planning of storage and workspaces. Furthermore, kitchens should be equipped with functions that enable households to use energy and water efficiently. Regarding kitchen renewal, various motivations that may initiate kitchen renovations can be summarised as follows: (1) Functional demands and changing needs, (2) aesthetic demands and changing trends, (3) obsolescence due to wear, and (4) linkage to another home renovation. This article concludes that a combination of design strategies is needed to reach a higher level of kitchen circularity. Moreover, these design strategies must be accompanied by circular business models and efforts to increase awareness of the environmental impact related to activities in and involving the kitchen.
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Freitas, Vander L. S., und Elbert E. N. Macau. „Collision Avoidance Mechanism for Symmetric Circular Formations of Unitary Mass Autonomous Vehicles at Constant Speed“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (07.06.2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6291082.
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Collective motion is a promising field that studies how local interactions lead groups of individuals to global behaviors. Biologists try to understand how those subjects interplay in nature, and engineers are concerned with the application of interaction strategies to mobile vehicles, satellites, robots, etc. There are several models in literature that employ strategies observed in groups of beings in nature. The aim is not to literally mimic them but to extract suitable strategies for the chosen application. These models, constituted of multiple mobile agents, can be used in tasks such as data collection, surveillance and monitoring. One approach is to use phase-coupled oscillators to design the mobile agents, in which each member is an oscillator and they are coupled according to an interconnection network. This design usually does not keep track and handle the possible collisions within the group, and real applications obviously must manage these situations to prevent the equipment from crashing. This paper introduces a collision avoidance mechanism to a model of particles with phase-coupled oscillators dynamics for symmetric circular formations.
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Liar Agudo, Fabiana, José Alcides Gobbo Júnior und Simone Cristina de Oliveira Gobbo. „Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy: Integrated or disarticulated concepts? A research agenda“. Revista Gestão da Produção Operações e Sistemas 15, Nr. 4 (24.11.2020): 48–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15675/gepros.v15i4.2771.
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Purpose - To analyze whether the concepts of industry 4.0 and circular economy are integrated or disjointed, recognizing in the literature what the keywords are most frequent in this relationship and its occurrence. Design/methodology/approach – The research method was the bibliometric study and keyword study, in order to recognize which are the most latent actions and strategies in the study of integration. The VOSviewer software was used for the study of keywords. Findings - It is stated that the concepts of industry 4.0 and circular economy can be considered interconnected, with some limitations explored in the article, and also proposed future research opportunities on the topic. Originality/value - It contributes to business managers in the sense that it facilitates the understanding that industry 4.0 and the circular economy can be worked together. The result of the keywords will guide what skills, strategies, technologies and fundamentals the company should develop to make the circular economy effective, through industry 4.0. For academic research, another study was contributed on the integration of industry 4.0 and circular economy, which are few in the literature. Keywords were also mapped, which until then, had not been developed in existing integration articles, in addition to proposing a framework that can be transformed and signal research opportunities. Keywords - Industry 4.0; Circular Economy; Integration; Sustainability; Future research.
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Fassio, Franco, und Bianca Minotti. „Circular Economy for Food Policy: The Case of the RePoPP Project in The City of Turin (Italy)“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 21 (01.11.2019): 6078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216078.
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Circular economy for food (CE) and food policies (FP) are two emerging but already prominent research areas, particularly when talking about the cities of the future. This paper analyzes the dynamics between these two fields of research, starting from review articles and the analysis of a case study, underlying the fundaments that FP and CE share. In particular, this paper focuses on using circular economy (CE) indicators and strategies to shape urban food policies (FP) to create a new business and political model towards sustainability. It introduces four converging perspectives, emerging from the literature, and analyzes how they have been integrated in the case study RePoPP (Re-design Project of Organic waste in Porta Palazzo market), a circular project born from the FP of the City of Turin (Italy). RePoPP is indeed a multi-actor project of urban circular food policies against food waste, which demonstrates how a circular approach can be the turning point in the creation of new food policies. This article wants to define for the first time a new research framework called “circular economy for food policy”, along with its characteristics: the application of a systemic approach and CE to problems and solutions, the need for a transdisciplinary and integrated project design for the 9R (responsibility, react, reduce, reuse, re-design, repair, recover, recycle, and rot), the use of food as a pivot of cross-sectoral change, and a new form of collaborative and integrated governance.
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Garafonova, Olga, Daria Vietrova und Olha Marhasova. „CIRCULAR ECONOMY: INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODELS IN THE FASHION INDUSTRY“. HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 296, Nr. 4 (Juni 2021): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-296-4-4.
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Promoting sustainable fashion within the circular economy is an important contemporary topic. Experts in design, consumption, business and industry explain how to approach circularity in fashion production and consumption in different ways. Increasingly, new and existing companies are looking for ways to thrive in a competitive environment through innovative business models, taking into account public opinion and avoiding actions that harm the planet. Trends such as the circular economy, fair trade, and sharing policies are among the many new approaches to business that address these issues, but there is still a gap between the theory that argues for levels of environmental and social sustainability and the implementation of these strategies in practice. That is why the study of the current state of the circular economy is relevant. This article presents the principles of the circular economy in terms of fashion. The key aspects of the integration of sustainable development in the fashion industry are considered. Different approaches of new business models for the circularity of the economy are highlighted. The main directions of implementation of sustainability strategies due to business transformation are identified, which requires the construction of a new level of the system and radical innovations.
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Fofou, Raoul Fonkoua, Zhigang Jiang und Yan Wang. „A Review on the Lifecycle Strategies Enhancing Remanufacturing“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 13 (25.06.2021): 5937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135937.
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Remanufacturing is a domain that has increasingly been exploited during recent years due to its numerous advantages and the increasing need for society to promote a circular economy leading to sustainability. Remanufacturing is one of the main end-of-life (EoL) options that can lead to a circular economy. There is therefore a strong need to prioritize this option over other available options at the end-of-life stage of a product because it is the only recovery option that maintains the same quality as that of a new product. This review focuses on the different lifecycle strategies that can help improve remanufacturing; in other words, the various strategies prior to, during or after the end-of-life of a product that can increase the chances of that product being remanufactured rather than being recycled or disposed of after its end-of-use. The emergence of the fourth industrial revolution, also known as industry 4.0 (I4.0), will help enhance data acquisition and sharing between different stages in the supply chain, as well boost smart remanufacturing techniques. This review examines how strategies like design for remanufacturing (DfRem), remaining useful life (RUL), product service system (PSS), closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), smart remanufacturing, EoL product collection and reverse logistics (RL) can enhance remanufacturing. We should bear in mind that not all products can be remanufactured, so other options are also considered. This review mainly focuses on products that can be remanufactured. For this review, we used 181 research papers from three databases; Science Direct, Web of Science and Scopus.
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Berwald, Anton, Gergana Dimitrova, Thijs Feenstra, Joop Onnekink, Harm Peters, Gianni Vyncke und Kim Ragaert. „Design for Circularity Guidelines for the EEE Sector“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 7 (01.04.2021): 3923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073923.
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The increased diversity and complexity of plastics used in modern devices, such as electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), can have negative impacts on their recyclability. Today, the main economic driver for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recycling stems from metal recovery. WEEE plastics recycling, on the other hand, still represents a major challenge. Strategies like design ‘for’, but also the much younger concept of design ‘from’ recycling play a key role in closing the material loops within a circular economy. While these strategies are usually analysed separately, this brief report harmonises them in comprehensive Design for Circularity guidelines, established in a multi-stakeholder collaboration with industry leaders from the entire WEEE value chain. The guidelines were developed at the product and part levels. They are divided in five categories: (1) avoidance of hazardous substances; (2) enabling easy access and removal of hazardous or polluting parts; (3) use of recyclable materials; (4) use of material combinations and connections allowing easy liberation; (5) use of recycled materials. These guidelines are the first harmonised set to be released for the EEE industry. They can readily serve decision-makers from different levels, including product designers and manufacturers as well as policymakers.
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Bush, Joshua, Shrishti Singh, Merlyn Vargas, Esra Oktay, Chih-Hsiang Hu und Remi Veneziano. „Synthesis of DNA Origami Scaffolds: Current and Emerging Strategies“. Molecules 25, Nr. 15 (26.07.2020): 3386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153386.
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DNA origami nanocarriers have emerged as a promising tool for many biomedical applications, such as biosensing, targeted drug delivery, and cancer immunotherapy. These highly programmable nanoarchitectures are assembled into any shape or size with nanoscale precision by folding a single-stranded DNA scaffold with short complementary oligonucleotides. The standard scaffold strand used to fold DNA origami nanocarriers is usually the M13mp18 bacteriophage’s circular single-stranded DNA genome with limited design flexibility in terms of the sequence and size of the final objects. However, with the recent progress in automated DNA origami design—allowing for increasing structural complexity—and the growing number of applications, the need for scalable methods to produce custom scaffolds has become crucial to overcome the limitations of traditional methods for scaffold production. Improved scaffold synthesis strategies will help to broaden the use of DNA origami for more biomedical applications. To this end, several techniques have been developed in recent years for the scalable synthesis of single stranded DNA scaffolds with custom lengths and sequences. This review focuses on these methods and the progress that has been made to address the challenges confronting custom scaffold production for large-scale DNA origami assembly.
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DILÃO, RUI. „NONLINEAR PHENOMENA IN CIRCULAR PARTICLE ACCELERATORS I: SEXTUPOLAR NONLINEARITIES“. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 03, Nr. 05 (Oktober 1993): 1083–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812749300091x.
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In this paper we relate the methods of the theory of dynamical systems to problems of accelerator design and optimization. It is written in review article style and any prior knowledge of accelerator physics is not required. We derive the Poincaré map for the equation of horizontal transverse motion of a test particle in a circular accelerator in the presence of any number of sextupolar nonlinearities. This map is studied within the framework of nonlinear dynamics and we identify several optimization strategies for the design of an accelerator magnet lattice. The dynamic aperture problem is analysed and we obtain, for a beam line with two sextupoles, the dependence of the dynamic aperture on the line parameters. The mechanisms of aperture reduction near rational values of the tune, ν0 = p/q ≠ 1/3, are due to the creation of heteroclinic tangles and do not affect the stability of the design orbit. For a machine with an arbitrary number of localized sextupolar fields, we obtain the dependence of the nonlinear tune on the amplitude of the particles and the parameters of the accelerator. The predictions for the nonlinear tune agree with the numerical simulations within the maximum relative error of 6% at large amplitudes (~ dynamic aperture) and within the relative error range 1%–2% at intermediate amplitudes (~ half dynamic aperture).
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Perrucci, Daniel, und Hiba Baroud. „A Review of Temporary Housing Management Modeling: Trends in Design Strategies, Optimization Models, and Decision-Making Methods“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 24 (11.12.2020): 10388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410388.
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Temporary housing plays a critical role in disaster response and recovery by providing a temporary home for displaced people before they return to their permanent residence. In recent years, temporary housing has faced three primary dilemmas related to design type, site selection, and cost. Significant contributions have been made in research and in practice to improve temporary housing management. However, gaps still exist in resolving the dilemmas, and a critical review and evaluation of current methods is needed to determine the path forward and identify priorities of future research. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of prior methods developed and applied towards temporary housing management and identifies future pathways for success in temporary housing research and implementation. The literature review reveals that temporary housing requires further research in proactive management, storage, sustainability, and community resilience to effectively enhance post-disaster temporary housing. This study finds that programs such as the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and the Sheltering and Temporary Essential Power (STEP) program provide methodologies which can benefit temporary housing implementation, designs, and modeling. In addition, circular economy thinking can enable the recyclability of temporary housing to reduce economic and environmental impacts.
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Halstenberg, Friedrich A., Kai Lindow und Rainer Stark. „Leveraging Circular Economy through a Methodology for Smart Service Systems Engineering“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 13 (27.06.2019): 3517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133517.
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Product Service Systems (PSS) and Smart Services are powerful means for deploying Circular Economy (CE) goals in industrial practices, through dematerialization, extension of product lifetime and efficiency increase by digitization. Within this article, approaches from PSS design, Smart Service design and Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) are combined to form a Methodology for Smart Service Architecture Definition (MESSIAH). First, analyses of present system modelling procedures and systems modelling notations in terms of their suitability for Smart Service development are presented. The results indicate that current notations and tools do not entirely fit the requirements of Smart Service development, but that they can be adapted in order to do so. The developed methodology includes a modelling language system, the MESSIAH Blueprinting framework, a systematic procedure and MESSIAH CE, which is specifically designed for addressing CE strategies and practices. The methodology was validated on the example of a Smart Sustainable Street Light System for Cycling Security (SHEILA). MESSIAH proved useful to help Smart Service design teams develop service-driven and robust Smart Services. By applying MESSIAH CE, a sustainable Smart Service, which addresses CE goals, has been developed.
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Tunn, V. S. C., und L. Ackermann. „COMPARING CONSUMERS’ PRODUCT CARE IN ACCESS AND OWNERSHIP MODELS“. Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1 (Mai 2020): 2167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.80.
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AbstractProduct-service systems are circular business models that can potentially extend product lifetimes and reduce resource consumption. However, consumer product care is crucial in these business models. We explore consumer product care of newly bought, second-hand, and accessed bicycles and washing machines through an online survey (n = 212). Our analysis shows lower consumer product care of accessed products compared to ownership. Three strategies could address this; design for care, design to reduce the need for care, contractual conditions to stimulate care or penalise the lack thereof.
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Rossi, Jessica, Augusto Bianchini und Patricia Guarnieri. „Circular Economy Model Enhanced by Intelligent Assets from Industry 4.0: The Proposition of an Innovative Tool to Analyze Case Studies“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 17 (01.09.2020): 7147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177147.
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Although the circular economy (CE) is recognized as a source of value creation, there is a huge gap between the vast concept of CE and its practical applications. Particularly, the lack of information and performance indicators, in terms of economic, environmental and social aspects, does not allow for the assessment of the level of circularity of the products, processes or companies. Further development of other circular activities can be limited for this reason. In addition, intelligent assets arising with the digital transformation within the “Fourth Industrial Revolution (I4.0)” can support CE to provide these lacking aspects. Thus, the objective of this paper is to highlight how and how much the circular business models are enhanced by intelligent assets from I4.0, considering several case studies found in the literature, and through the application of an assessment tool with secondary data from the selected case studies. According to the tool, the CE principles are extended to the entire product lifecycle, from product design to product utilization, within the transition to novel business strategies. Two of the considered case studies are represented in the assessment tool, as examples, to demonstrate how intelligent assets can support circular economy in the design, assessment and comparison of circular initiatives. The visualization of existing innovative business models based on CE and enhanced by intelligent assets allows for the complete and effective evaluation of materials, products, assets and processes, due to the fact that information and indicators can be collected to measure and monitor circular efficiency.