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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Circuit neuromorphique“
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Circuit neuromorphique"
Bedecarrats, Thomas. „Etude et intégration d’un circuit analogique, basse consommation et à faible surface d'empreinte, de neurone impulsionnel basé sur l’utilisation du BIMOS en technologie 28 nm FD-SOI“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhile Moore’s law reaches its limits, microelectronics actors are looking for new paradigms to ensure future developments of our information society. Inspired by biologic nervous systems, neuromorphic engineering is providing new perspectives which have already enabled breakthroughs in artificial intelligence. To achieve sufficient performances to allow their spread, neural processors have to integrate neuron circuits as small and as low power(ed) as possible so that artificial neural networks they implement reach a critical size. In this work, we show that it is possible to reduce the number of components necessary to design an analogue spiking neuron circuit thanks to the functionalisation of parasitic generation currents in a BIMOS transistor integrated in 28 nm FD-SOI technology and sized with the minimum dimensions allowed by this technology. After a systematic characterization of the FD-SOI BIMOS currents under several biases through quasi-static measurements at room temperature, a compact model of this component, adapted from the CEA-LETI UTSOI one, is proposed. The BIMOS-based leaky, integrate-and-fire spiking neuron (BB-LIF SN) circuit is described. Influence of the different design and bias parameters on its behaviour observed during measurements performed on a demonstrator fabricated in silicon is explained in detail. A simple analytic model of its operating boundaries is proposed. The coherence between measurement and compact simulation results and predictions coming from the simple analytic model attests to the relevance of the proposed analysis. In its most successful achievement, the BB-LIF SN circuit is 15 µm², consumes around 2 pJ/spike, triggers at a rate between 3 and 75 kHz for 600 pA to 25 nA synaptic currents under a 3 V power supply
Ezzadeen, Mona. „Conception d'un circuit dédié au calcul dans la mémoire à base de technologie 3D innovante“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/221212_EZZADEEN_955e754k888gvxorp699jljcho_TH.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the advent of edge devices and artificial intelligence, the data deluge is a reality, making energy-efficient computing systems a must-have. Unfortunately, classical von Neumann architectures suffer from the high cost of data transfers between memories and processing units. At the same time, CMOS scaling seems more and more challenging and costly to afford, limiting the chips' performance due to power consumption issues.In this context, bringing the computation directly inside or near memories (I/NMC) seems an appealing solution. However, data-centric applications require an important amount of non-volatile storage, and modern Flash memories suffer from scaling issues and are not very suited for I/NMC. On the other hand, emerging memory technologies such as ReRAM present very appealing memory performances, good scalability, and interesting I/NMC features. However, they suffer from variability issues and from a degraded density integration if an access transistor per bitcell (1T1R) is used to limit the sneak-path currents. This thesis work aims to overcome these two challenges. First, the variability impact on read and I/NMC operations is assessed and new robust and low-overhead ReRAM-based boolean operations are proposed. In the context of neural networks, new ReRAM-based neuromorphic accelerators are developed and characterized, with an emphasis on good robustness against variability, good parallelism, and high energy efficiency. Second, to resolve the density integration issues, an ultra-dense 3D 1T1R ReRAM-based Cube and its architecture are proposed, which can be used as a 3D NOR memory as well as a low overhead and energy-efficient I/NMC accelerator
Torralba, Barriuso Antonio. „Architectures analogiques pour la vision : réseaux cellulaires et circuits neuromorphiques“. Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0189.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVision machines based on actual computational methods require the development of simple low-level feature detectors. The low-level feature detectors measure local image properties as scale, orientation, and velocity. Analog VLSI devices that mimic some functionality of biological systems appear to be robust, low power consuming, and fast enough to solve vision problems in real time. In this thesis, it is shown that active resistive diffusion networks with low connectivity offer a common framework for the implementation of the low-level feature detectors commonly used in vision (band-pass, wedge, endstopped, velocity-tuned, etc. ) yielding to a simple and homogeneous architecture. Diffusion networks with four neighbor interactions implement velocity-tuned spatiotemporal filters and oriented spatial filters. Velocity-tuned filters yield to efficient and reliable motion estimation using an analog architecture based on active resistive networks from the photoreceptor level to velocity estimation. Oriented spatial filters using resistive diffusion networks yield to a filter basis able to generate complex filters commonly used in vision. From this basis of filters, we generate more complex filters (e. G. Oriented quadrature band-pass, quadrature wedge filters) that are approximated by a linear combination of that basis. Changing the linear combination of the basis filters allows the tuning of the architecture to different features. The proposed architecture offers a way to implement both spatial and spatiotemporal filters (motion sensors) with a low cost. This approach opens an issue to the problem of implementing large sets of spatial and spatiotemporal filters tuned to different features (edges, junctions, velocity, etc. ) in a single chip
Saïghi, Sylvain. „SYSTÈMES NEUROMORPHIQUES ANALOGIQUES : CONCEPTION ET USAGES“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017791.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlzate, Banguero Melissa. „Towards neuromorphic computing on quantum many-body architectures : VO2 transition dynamics“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLS021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs AI demands grow, new computing paradigms are essential. Traditional von Neumann architectures struggle with intensive AI requirements. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the brain, integrates processing and memory for faster, efficient computation, ideal for AI applications like deep learning and pattern recognition.Key materials for neuromorphic computing include synaptors and neuristors. Memristors, non-volatile memories made from oxides like HfO2 and TiO2, mimic synaptic behavior by switching states via nanoscale filaments or phase transitions. Neuristors emulate neuron spiking behavior using memristors and resistance-capacitance circuits to replicate the Leaky, Integrate, and Fire model. Mott insulators like VO2 mimic neuron-like behavior by forming volatile conductive pathways. However, synaptors and neuristors often require different materials. Optimizing VO2 for synaptic behavior could enable it to serve both functions at room temperature.Studying phase-separated systems like VO2 is complex due to inhomogeneities. Advances in infrared and optical microscopy now allow imaging these regions with nanometer-scale resolution. Near-field techniques, using atomic force microscopes coupled to IR lasers, can probe local conductivity at the nanoscale. However, these probes have limitations: (i) long scans for larger inhomogeneities and (ii) temperature-driven phase transitions causing temperature drifts and difficult imaging comparisons.To address these, we developed a far-field optical microscopy setup to study VO2 phase transitions. This setup leverages optical contrast between insulating and metallic phases, observable from nanometers to microns. We applied different temperature protocols while continuously imaging, counteracting temperature drift and aligning sharp images. This enables single-pixel time traces to indicate specific phase transition temperatures.We first mapped critical temperature (Tc), transition width (ΔTc), and transition sharpness (δTc) in VO2. These maps could enable tailoring VO2 properties for specific applications like memory devices and fast switching components.We also presented the first optical imaging of ramp reversal memory (RRM) in VO2, showing cluster evolution during thermal subloop training. Memory accumulation occurs at cluster boundaries and within patches, suggesting preferential diffusion of point defects. This could enhance memory effects through defect engineering, improving memory devices' robustness and stability.Additionally, we pursued a machine learning (ML) analysis of fractal patterns in VO2, using ML to classify the Hamiltonian driving pattern formation. Our convolutional neural network (CNN) achieved high accuracy with synthetic and experimental data, confirming pattern formation driven by proximity to a critical point of the two-dimensional random field Ising model. This framework, combined with symmetry reduction and confidence quantification, offers a new powerful tool for analyzing complex phase transitions in correlated materials.Our research provides a new optical characterization method for understanding VO2 transition dynamics and introduces innovative approaches for optimizing VO2 for non-memory applications. These insights lay a foundation for future studies that explore RRM's potential, and extend ML frameworks to other correlated materials
Ly, Denys. „Mémoires résistives et technologies 3D monolithiques pour processeurs neuromorphiques impulsionnels et reconfigurables“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe human brain is a complex, energy-efficient computational system that excels at cognitive tasks thanks to its natural capability to perform inference. By contrast, conventional computing systems based on the classic Von Neumann architecture require large power budget to execute such assignments. Herein comes the idea to build brain-inspired electronic computing systems, the so-called neuromorphic approach. In this thesis, we explore the use of novel technologies, namely Resistive Memories (RRAMs) and three-dimensional (3D) monolithic technologies, to enable the hardware implementation of compact, low-power reconfigurable Spiking Neural Network (SNN) processors. We first provide a comprehensive study of the impact of RRAM electrical properties on SNNs with RRAM synapses and trained with unsupervised learning (Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP)). In particular, we clarify the role of synaptic variability originating from RRAM resistance variability. Second, we investigate the use of RRAM-based Ternary Content-Addressable Memory (TCAM) arrays as synaptic routing tables in SNN processors to enable on-the-fly reconfigurability of network topology. For this purpose, we present in-depth electrical characterisations of two RRAM-based TCAM circuits: (i) the most common two-transistors/two-RRAMs (2T2R) RRAM-based TCAM, and (ii) a novel one-transistor/two-RRAMs/one-transistor (1T2R1T) RRAM-based TCAM, both featuring the smallest silicon area up-to-date. We compare both structures in terms of performance, reliability, and endurance. Finally, we explore the potential of 3D monolithic technologies to improve area-efficiency. In addition to the conventional monolithic integration of RRAMs in the back-end-of-line of CMOS technology, we examine the vertical stacking of CMOS over CMOS transistors. To this end, we demonstrate the full 3D monolithic integration of two tiers of CMOS transistors with one tier of RRAM devices, and present electrical characterisations performed on the fabricated devices
Levi, Timothée. „Méthologie de développement d'une bibliothèque d'IP-AMS en vue de la conception automatisée de systèmes sur puces analogiques et mixtes: application à l'ingénierie neuromorphique“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288469.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLévi, Timothée. „Méthodologie de développement d'une bibliothèque d'IP-AMS en vue de la conception automatisée de systèmes sur puces analogiques et mixtes : application à l'ingénierie neuromorphique“. Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13480.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBelhadj-Mohamed, Bilel. „Systèmes neuromorphiques temps réel : contribution à l’intégration de réseaux de neurones biologiquement réalistes avec fonctions de plasticité“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14051/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work has been supported by the European FACETS project. Within this project, we contribute in developing hardware mixed-signal devices for real-time spiking neural network simulation. These devices may potentially contribute to an improved understanding of learning phenomena in the neo-cortex. Neuron behaviours are reproduced using analog integrated circuits which implement Hodgkin-Huxley based models. In this work, we propose a digital architecture aiming to connect many neuron circuits together, forming a network. The inter-neuron connections are reconfigurable and can be ruled by a plasticity model. The architecture is mapped onto a commercial programmable circuit (FPGA). Many methods are developed to optimize the utilisation of hardware resources as well as to meet real-time constraints. In particular, a token-passing communication protocol has been designed and developed to guarantee real-time aspects of the dialogue between several FPGAs in a multiboard system allowing the integration of a large number of neurons. The global system is able to run neural simulations in biological real-time with high degree of realism, and then can be used by neurobiologists and computer scientists to carry on neural experiments
Hedayat, Sara. „Conception et fabrication de neurones artificiels pour le traitement bioinspiré de l'information“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I039/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurrent computing technology has now reached its limits and it becomes thus urgent to propose new paradigms for information processing capable of reducing the energy consumption while improving the computing performances. Moreover, the human brain, is a fascinating and powerful organ with remarkable performances in areas as varied as learning, creativity, fault tolerance. Furthermore, with its total 300 billion cells, is able to perform complex cognitive tasks by consuming only around 20W. In this context, we investigated a new paradigm called neuromorphic or bio-inspired information processing.More precisely, the purpose of this thesis was to design and fabricate an ultra-low power artificial neuron using recent advances in neuroscience and nanotechnology. First, we investigated the functionalities of living neurons, their neuronal membrane and explored different membrane models known as Hodgkin Huxley, Wei and Morris Lecar models. Second, based on the Morris Lecar model, we designed analog spiking artificial neurons with different time constants and these neurons were fabricated using 65nm CMOS technology. Then we characterized these artificial neurons and obtained state of the art performances in terms of area, dissipated power and energy efficiency. Finally we investigated the noise within these artificial neurons, compared it with the biological sources of noise in a living neuron and experimentally demonstrated the stochastic resonance phenomenon. These artificial neurons can be extremely useful for a large variety of applications, ranging from data analysis (image and video processing) to medical aspect (neuronal implants)
Bücher zum Thema "Circuit neuromorphique"
Neuromorphic Circuits for Nanoscale Devices. River Publishers, 2019.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenMazumder, Pinaki, Yalcin Yilmaz und Idongesit Ebong. Neuromorphic Circuits for Nanoscale Devices. River Publishers, 2022.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenMazumder, Pinaki, Yalcin Yilmaz und Idongesit Ebong. Neuromorphic Circuits for Nanoscale Devices. River Publishers, 2022.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenMazumder, Pinaki, Yalcin Yilmaz und Idongesit Ebong. Neuromorphic Circuits for Nanoscale Devices. River Publishers, 2022.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenMazumder, Pinaki, Yalcin Yilmaz, Idongesit Ebong und Woo Hyung Lee. Neuromorphic Circuits for Nanoscale Devices. River Publishers, 2020.
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