Thematische Bibliographien / Circadian light

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Circadian light“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 14. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Circadian light"

Rea, Mark S., Mariana G. Figueiro, Andrew Bierman und John D. Bullough. „Circadian light“. Journal of Circadian Rhythms 8 (13.02.2010): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1740-3391-8-2.

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Walker, William H., Jacob R. Bumgarner, James C. Walton, Jennifer A. Liu, O. Hecmarie Meléndez-Fernández, Randy J. Nelson und A. Courtney DeVries. „Light Pollution and Cancer“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, Nr. 24 (08.12.2020): 9360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249360.

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For many individuals in industrialized nations, the widespread adoption of electric lighting has dramatically affected the circadian organization of physiology and behavior. Although initially assumed to be innocuous, exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) is associated with several disorders, including increased incidence of cancer, metabolic disorders, and mood disorders. Within this review, we present a brief overview of the molecular circadian clock system and the importance of maintaining fidelity to bright days and dark nights. We describe the interrelation between core clock genes and the cell cycle, as well as the contribution of clock genes to oncogenesis. Next, we review the clinical implications of disrupted circadian rhythms on cancer, followed by a section on the foundational science literature on the effects of light at night and cancer. Finally, we provide some strategies for mitigation of disrupted circadian rhythms to improve health.

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Zhao, Kankan, Bin Ma, Yan Xu, Erinne Stirling und Jianming Xu. „Light exposure mediates circadian rhythms of rhizosphere microbial communities“. ISME Journal 15, Nr. 9 (21.03.2021): 2655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-00957-3.

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AbstractMicrobial community circadian rhythms have a broad influence on host health and even though light-induced environmental fluctuations could regulate microbial communities, the contribution of light to the circadian rhythms of rhizosphere microbial communities has received little attention. To address this gap, we monitored diel changes in the microbial communities in rice (Oryza sativa L.) rhizosphere soil under light–dark and constant dark regimes, identifying microbes with circadian rhythms caused by light exposure and microbial circadian clocks, respectively. While rhizosphere microbial communities displayed circadian rhythms under light–dark and constant dark regimes, taxa possessing circadian rhythms under the two conditions were dissimilar. Light exposure concealed microbial circadian clocks as a regulatory driver, leading to fewer ecological niches in light versus dark communities. These findings disentangle regulation mechanisms for circadian rhythms in the rice rhizosphere microbial communities and highlight the role of light-induced regulation of rhizosphere microbial communities.

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Depres-Brummer, P., F. Levi, G. Metzger und Y. Touitou. „Light-induced suppression of the rat circadian system“. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 268, Nr. 5 (01.05.1995): R1111—R1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.5.r1111.

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In a constant environment, circadian rhythms persist with slightly altered period lengths. Results of studies with continuous light exposure are less clear, because of short exposure durations and single-variable monitoring. This study sought to characterize properties of the oscillator(s) controlling the rat's circadian system by monitoring both body temperature and locomotor activity. We observed that prolonged exposure of male Sprague-Dawley rats to continuous light (LL) systematically induced complete suppression of body temperature and locomotor activity circadian rhythms and their replacement by ultradian rhythms. This was preceded by a transient loss of coupling between both functions. Continuous darkness (DD) restored circadian synchronization of temperature and activity circadian rhythms within 1 wk. The absence of circadian rhythms in LL coincided with a mean sixfold decrease in plasma melatonin and a marked dampening but no abolition of its circadian rhythmicity. Restoration of temperature and activity circadian rhythms in DD was associated with normalization of melatonin rhythm. These results demonstrated a transient internal desynchronization of two simultaneously monitored functions in the rat and suggested the existence of two or more circadian oscillators. Such a hypothesis was further strengthened by the observation of a circadian rhythm in melatonin, despite complete suppression of body temperature and locomotor activity rhythms. This rat model should be useful for investigating the physiology of the circadian timing system as well as to identify agents and schedules having specific pharmacological actions on this system.

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Metz, Henry S. „Light and the circadian clock“. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 7, Nr. 4 (August 2003): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1091-8531(03)00119-8.

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Yoshii, Taishi, Christiane Hermann-Luibl und Charlotte Helfrich-Förster. „Circadian light-input pathways inDrosophila“. Communicative & Integrative Biology 9, Nr. 1 (04.12.2015): e1102805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2015.1102805.

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Pyatin, V., N. Romanchuk, P. Romanchuk und A. Volobuev. „Brain, Eyes, Light: Biological Electrical Magnetism of Light and Neurorehabilitation of Cognitive Impairment“. Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, Nr. 12 (15.12.2019): 129–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/49/14.

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Biological electrical magnetism of light and neural networks of the brain is the adaptation and optimization of external and internal lighting conditions (type, nature, duration) to improve the cognitive brain. Homo sapiens brain operates in a 24-hour biological electrical magnetic environment. Light is the strongest synchronizing signal for the circadian system, and therefore keeps most biological and psychological rhythms internally synchronized, which is important for the optimal functioning of H. sapiens brain. Circadian Sleep–Wake disorders and chronic circadian misalignment, often seen in psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, may be effective in neurorehabilitation of cognitive impairment. Beneficial effects on circadian synchronization, sleep quality, mood and cognitive performance-depend on the time, intensity and spectral composition of light exposure. Multidisciplinary and multimodal interaction in the triad “brain–eyes–vessels” allows to identify early biomarkers of both General accelerated and pathological aging, and timely diagnose neurodegeneration, and conduct effective neurorehabilitation of cognitive disorders. Control and treatment of vascular risk factors and endocrine disorders can reduce the prevalence of long-term disability among the elderly population. Combined and hybrid methods of neuroimaging in conjunction with artificial intelligence technologies, allow to understand and diagnose neurological disorders and find new methods of neurorehabilitation and medical and social support that will lead to improved mental health. To restore circadian neuroplasticity of the brain, a multimodal scheme is proposed: circadian glasses, functional nutrition and physical activity. A combined and hybrid cluster in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of cognitive disorders and cognitive disorders has been developed and implemented.

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Stupfel, M., V. Gourlet, A. Perramon, P. Merat, G. Putet und L. Court. „Comparison of ultradian and circadian oscillations of carbon dioxide production by various endotherms“. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 268, Nr. 1 (01.01.1995): R253—R265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.1.r253.

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Carbon dioxide emission (VCO2) was computed every 20 min from continuous CO2 concentration recordings taken during 3-30 consecutive days, in strictly controlled environmental conditions, in 54 OF1 mice, 99 Japanese quail, 66 Sprague-Dawley rats, 50 Hartley guinea pigs, 7 chicks, for 7-15 days on 2 Cynomolgus monkeys, and for 24 h on 7 premature infants. This VCO2 shows circadian and ultradian oscillations that were analyzed for frequencies and amplitudes in light-dark 12-h alternation (LD 12:12), continuous light (LL), and continuous dark (DD). Circadians were not always identified or were often masked in LL or DD (mostly in guinea pigs, quail, and rats), while ultradians (tau > or = 40 min) were found in all species, at every time, and in all light regimens. Analysis of variance and chi 2 show significant (P < 0.001) interspecies differences for ultradian (1.07 < tau < 1.40 h) intervals and for circadian and ultradian VCO2 amplitudes. Relationships between ultradian and circadian VCO2 oscillations differ according to the species, ultradians appearing as an entity characteristic for each endotherm species.

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Moore-Ede, Martin, Anneke Heitmann und Rainer Guttkuhn. „Circadian Potency Spectrum with Extended Exposure to Polychromatic White LED Light under Workplace Conditions“. Journal of Biological Rhythms 35, Nr. 4 (16.06.2020): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730420923164.

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Electric light has enabled humans to conquer the night, but light exposure at night can disrupt the circadian timing system and is associated with a diverse range of health disorders. To provide adequate lighting for visual tasks without disrupting the human circadian timing system, a precise definition of circadian spectral sensitivity is required. Prior attempts to define the circadian spectral sensitivity curve have used short (≤90-min) monochromatic light exposures in dark-adapted human subjects or in vitro dark-adapted isolated retina or melanopsin. Several lines of evidence suggest that these dark-adapted circadian spectral sensitivity curves, in addition to 430- to 499-nm (blue) wavelength sensitivity, may include transient 400- to 429-nm (violet) and 500- to 560-nm (green) components mediated by cone- and rod-originated extrinsic inputs to intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which decay over the first 2 h of extended light exposure. To test the hypothesis that the human circadian spectral sensitivity in light-adapted conditions may have a narrower, predominantly blue, sensitivity, we used 12-h continuous exposures of light-adapted healthy human subjects to 6 polychromatic white light-emitting diode (LED) light sources with diverse spectral power distributions at recommended workplace levels of illumination (540 lux) to determine their effect on the area under curve of the overnight (2000–0800 h) salivary melatonin. We derived a narrow steady-state human Circadian Potency spectral sensitivity curve with a peak at 477 nm and a full-width half-maximum of 438 to 493 nm. This light-adapted Circadian Potency spectral sensitivity permits the development of spectrally engineered LED light sources to minimize circadian disruption and address the health risks of light exposure at night in our 24/7 society, by alternating between daytime circadian stimulatory white light spectra and nocturnal circadian protective white light spectra.

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Klerman, E. B., D. J. Dijk, R. E. Kronauer und C. A. Czeisler. „Simulations of light effects on the human circadian pacemaker: implications for assessment of intrinsic period“. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 270, Nr. 1 (01.01.1996): R271—R282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.1.r271.

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The sensitivity of the human circadian system to light has been the subject of considerable debate. Using computer simulations of a recent quantitative model for the effects of light on the human circadian system, we investigated these effects of light during different experimental protocols. The results of the simulations indicate that the nonuniform distribution over the circadian cycle of exposure to ordinary room light seen in classical free-run studies, in which subjects select their exposure to light and darkness, can result in an observed period of approximately 25 h, even when the intrinsic period of the subject's endogenous circadian pacemaker is much closer to 24 h. Other simulation results suggest that accurate assessment of the true intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker requires low ambient light intensities (approximately 10-15 lx) during scheduled wake episodes, desynchrony of the imposed light-dark cycle from the endogenous circadian oscillator, and a study length of at least 20 days. Although these simulations await further experimental substantiation, they highlight the sensitivity to light of the human circadian system and the potential confounding influence of light on the assessment of the intrinsic period of the circadian pacemaker.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Circadian light"

Best, J. „How quickly does light reset the circadian clock“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596605.

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The first experiment used the male Syrian hamster as the subject, as it has good wheel-running rhythms with consistent and robust activity onsets and also a well defined phase delay and advance region of the phase response curve (PRC). In this study, a double light pulse paradigm was used to examine if the clock could reset within 2 h. The second light pulse administered 2 h after an initial pulse was used to map the effects of the first light pulse on the resetting behaviour to determine whether the clock had reset to primary light pulse before receiving the second one. The results obtained in both the phase delay and phase advance portions of the PRC were consistent with the hypothesis that the clock of the Syrian hamster could reset within 2 h of a light pulse. The next experiment investigated whether the immediate early genes (IEGs) are a reliable marker of clock resetting and if they have a role in clock resetting. The same double light pulse paradigm employed in the first experiment was used to ascertain if c-fos and egr-l could be induced to two delaying light pulses. The study revealed that both IEGs were induced to each light pulse demonstrating that the clock could differentiate between the two pulses of light and that the immediate early genes may play a role in phase resetting to light. Having established that the clock of the Syrian hamster was reset in 2 h the outbred mouse was used to ascertain if this rapid resetting is common to other mammalian species. The results obtained using multiple light pulses revealed that the mouse clock is also reset within 2 h, supporting the findings in the Syrian hamster and demonstrating cross-species homology. In addition, investigations on CREB phosphorylation, c-Fos induction and AP-l binding activity revealed that all three transcriptional regulators were induced in response to a light pulse during subjective night and that there was a strong correlation with photic phase resetting of the mammalian clock.

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Dixon, Laura Evelyn. „Investigation of light inputs into plant circadian clocks“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5266.

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Circadian clocks are biological signalling networks which have a period of ~24 hours under constant environmental conditions. They have been identified in a wide range of organisms, from cyanobacteria to mammals and through the temporal co-ordination of biological processes are believed to increase individual fitness. The mechanisms which generate these self-sustained rhythms, the pathways of entrainment and the target outputs of the clock are all areas of great interest to circadian biologists. The plant circadian clock is believed to comprise of interlocking feedback loops of transcription and translation. The morning MYB-transcription factors CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) bind to the promoter of TIMING OF CAB2 1 (TOC1) and repress its expression, as well as their own. As levels of CCA1 and LHY fall, TOC1 is expressed and activates the expression of its repressors. This is a simplified version of the known clock components and the current model contains this core loop as well as an interlocked morning and evening loop, which also incorporates some post-translational modification (Chapter 1). Understanding the plant circadian network and its entrainment are the topics of this thesis. The study has focused on two plant species, the land plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the picoeukaryotic marine algae Ostreococcus tauri. In both of these species light-mediated entrainment of the clock has been investigated (Chapter 8), as well as the core circadian mechanism. In A. thaliana the role of a circadian associated gene, EARLY FLOWERING 3 has been a particular focus for investigation, through both experimentation and mathematical models (Chapters 4 and 5). In O. tauri the responses to light signals have been tested, as have the circadian responses to pharmacological manipulation (Chapters 6, 7 and 8). The work presented identifies a role for ELF3 in the repression of circadian genes and also links it with the regulation of protein stability. Likewise, in O. tauri the regulation of protein stability is identified to be a key mechanism for sustaining circadian rhythms. As well as investigating the clock in plants, certain photoreceptors have been characterised in S. cerevisiae with the aim of linking them to a synthetic oscillator. Together the work presented in this thesis provides evidence for the circadian community to aid with the understanding of circadian rhythms in plants, and possibly other organisms.

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Bedrosian, Tracy A. „Circadian Disruption by Light at Night: Implications for Mood“. The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1363097253.

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Breda, Carlo. „Temperature and light entrainment of the Drosophila circadian clock“. Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9743.

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Drosophila melanogaster locomotor activity responds to seasonal conditions by modulating the “evening” activity component. During simulated winters of cold temperature and short days an advanced evening locomotor peak occurs with more daytime locomotor activity; on the other hand long photoperiods and warm temperatures give a delay in the evening peak, thereby avoiding a possible desiccation during the hottest times of the day. This pattern of activity is related to a thermosensitive splicing event that occurs in a 3’ intron in the period gene, with a higher level of splicing and earlier accumulation of PERIOD in short days and low temperatures. A mutation in norpA which encodes a phospholipase C, generates a high level of spliced per at warmer temperature, so mutants behave as if it is colder than it actually is. The relation between norpA, per splicing and the circadian neurons has been analysed. Initially, norpA expression has been investigated via in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry. norpA transcript has been localised among the clock pacemakers but not NORPA. Subsequently, norpA expression has been knocked-down by RNAi in specific subset of neurons. The resulting locomotor behaviour shows seasonally related effects implicating the photoreceptors, lateral and dorsal clock neurons as structures involved in timing the locomotor behaviour. In parallel, the thermal role of a second PLCβ, plc21C, has been investigated via RNAi among circadian pacemakers. It has been possible to show that plc21C expression in the photoreceptors, lateral and dorsal neurons is required to set different locomotor behaviours at different temperatures, but not via per and tim splicing. Finally, in contrast to reports that the double photoreceptor mutants involving glass and cryptochrome are “circadian blind”, these flies have been observed to entrain to light-dark cycles at moderate temperatures. Candidate orphan G protein coupled receptors have been screened in order to identify a further set of putative circadian-relevant photoreceptors contributing to this residual entrainment in glass60jcryb mutants. In constant light conditions, the RNAi of CG7497 and CG16958 generates rhythmic or arrhythmic flies depending on the genetic background tested.

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Moore, H. A. „Circadian rhythmicity and light sensitivity of the zebrafish brain“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1469451/.

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Light is important for entraining circadian rhythms, which regulate a wide range of biological processes. Zebrafish have directly light responsive tissues (Whitmore et al 2000) and are thus a useful vertebrate model for circadian rhythmicity and light sensitivity. Recent studies show the pineal regulates locomotor rhythms (Li et al 2012). However, there are many unresolved questions concerning the neurobiological basis of the zebrafish clock, such as whether neuronal pacemakers, which drive rhythms in other tissues, are present throughout the brain. In this study, per3-luc zebrafish confirm that both central and peripheral tissues are directly light sensitive and have endogenous circadian rhythmicity. Chromogenic in situ hybridization reveals localised expression of several core zebrafish clock genes, a rhythmic gene, per3, and two light responsive genes, cry1a and per2. Adult brain nuclei with expression include the suprachiasmatic nucleus, periventricular grey zone of the optic tectum, and granular cells of the rhombencephalon. Pilot experiments using high-resolution spatial recording of per3-luc brain slices show some of these regions can display robust rhythmicity in DD. Some of the cells expressing clock genes are neurons, and therefore neurons were further investigated. C-fos, a marker for neuronal activity in mammalian photoreceptors, is upregulated in at least four different responses to light in zebrafish, in different brain nuclei. This suggests the brain contains several types of photosensitive cells, which respond to different lighting conditions. Zebrafish larvae exhibit developmental changes in spatial circadian gene expression of per3 and light induction of c-fos. Finally, the photopigment group of opsins were investigated for their potential role in light entrainment. Exorh was prominent solely in the pineal. Rgr1 was found in numerous nuclei, many of which had shown expression of cry1a, per2 and per3. Overall, this thesis shows that the zebrafish brain is not uniformly light sensitive. Localised regions in the zebrafish brain with strong rhythmicity and light sensitivity are neuronal pacemaker candidates.

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Flyktman, A. (Antti). „Effects of transcranial light on molecules regulating circadian rhythm“. Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219592.

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Abstract Light acts as the most important regulating and entraining factor of the mammalian circadian rhythm. This rhythm has evolved to set phases, in which different physiological and behavioral events occur at the right time of the day to synchronize the organism. The mechanism of light transduction via eyes to the brain and its effects on circadian rhythmicity is well known. Yet, it has also been shown that light is able to penetrate the skull bone directly, but it is still unknown, whether transcranial light is able to affect molecules regulating circadian rhythmicity. Monoamines and especially opsins have been shown to act as important regulators in circadian rhythmicity. Both group of molecules can mediate the effects of light on regulation and entrainment. In this thesis, mice and hamsters have been illuminated transcranially and the expression of three different opsins and the concentrations of several monoamines have been measured. The animals were illuminated under anesthesia either just after the onset of the light period or just after the beginning of the dark period. The opsin expression in rodent brain were measured by western blot and the monoamine concentrations from mouse brain, plasma and adrenal gland were measured by HPLC. It was observed that both opsin expression and monoamine concentrations can be influenced by transcranial illumination. The effect varied depending on the studied molecule, tissue and time of illumination. The findings of this study demonstrate that opsins, which are considered to be the most important molecules regulating circadian rhythmicity, can be directly and specifically affected not only via the eyes but also by light illuminated through the skull. Furthermore, monoamine production can be altered in both the central nervous system and the peripheral tissues by transcranial illumination. This thesis demonstrates an alternate pathway for circadian entrainment and regulation by light involving specific molecular mediators such as opsins and monoamines
Tiivistelmä Valo on tärkein yksittäinen tekijä nisäkkäiden vuorokausirytmiikassa. Tämä rytmi on kehittynyt ajoittamaan fysiologiset ja käyttäytymiseen perustuvat ilmiöt tapahtumaan oikeaan aikaan vuorokaudesta. Valosignaalin välittyminen silmien kautta aivoihin ja sen vaikutukset vuorokausirytmiikkaan ovat hyvin tunnetut ja paljon tutkitut, mutta vielä on epäselvää, pystyykö kallon läpi annettava valo samaan, vaikka valon on osoitettu pystyvän läpäisemään nisäkkäiden kallon. Monoamiinit ja opsiinit ovat molekyylejä, jotka ovat tärkeässä roolissa vuorokausirytmiikan säätelyssä, ja molempien ilmeneminen on riippuvainen valon määrästä. Tässä väitöskirjassa valotettiin hiirien ja hamstereiden aivoja korvan kautta annettavalla valolla ja mitattiin kolmen eri opsiinin ekspressiota sekä monoamiinien määrää. Eläimiä valotettiin nukutuksessa joko valojakson alussa aamulla tai valojakson päätyttyä illalla. Opsiinien ekspressio aivoissa mitattiin western blot -menetelmällä ja monoamiinien HPLC-menetelmällä. Tuloksista huomattiin, että sekä opsiinien ekspressioon että monoamiinien pitoisuuksiin voidaan vaikuttaa suoraan kallon läpi annettavalla valolla. Valohoidon vaikutus riippui tutkittavasta molekyylistä, kudoksesta ja valohoidon ajankohdasta. Näiden tulosten avulla pystyttiin osoittamaan, että opsiinien, jotka ovat tärkeimpiä molekyylejä vuorokausirytmiikan säätelyssä, määrää voidaan manipuloida myös kallon läpi annettavan valon vaikutuksesta. Lisäksi kallon läpi annettavalla valolla voidaan vaikuttaa monoamiinien pitoisuuksiin sekä keskushermostossa että muissa kudoksissa. Tämä väitöskirja antaa tärkeää tietoa vuorokausirytmiikkaa säätelevistä molekyyleistä ja osoittaa, että niihin pystytään vaikuttamaan myös muuten kuin silmien kautta annettavalla valolla

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Fonken, Laura K. „PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CIRCADIAN DISRUPTION BY NIGHTTIME LIGHT EXPOSURE“. The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365165088.

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Grandner, Michael Andrew. „Sleep, mood, and circadian responses to bright green light during sleep“. Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3259050.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 11, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-123).

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Walmsley, Lauren. „Sensory processing in the mouse circadian system“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/sensory-processing-in-the-mouse-circadian-system(bd32ea60-48a8-46d4-b5db-dd83d0326d87).html.

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In order to anticipate the predictable changes in the environment associated with the earth’s rotation, most organisms possess intrinsic biological clocks. To be useful, such clocks require a reliable signal of ‘time’ from the external world. In mammals, light provides the principle source of such information; conveyed to the suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian pacemaker (SCN) either directly from the retina or indirectly via other visual structures such as the thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL). Nonetheless, while the basic pathways supplying sensory information to the clock are well understood, the sensory signals they convey or how these are processed within the circadian system are not. One established view is that circadian entrainment relies on measuring the total amount of environmental illumination. In line with that view, the dense bilateral retinal input to the SCN allows for the possibility that individual neurons could average signals from across the whole visual scene. Here I test this possibility by examining responses to monocular and binocular visual stimuli in the SCN of anaesthetised mice. In fact, these experiments reveal that SCN cells provide information about (at most) irradiance within just one visual hemisphere. As a result, overall light-evoked activity across the SCN is substantially greater when light is distributed evenly across the visual scene when the same amount of light is non-uniformly distributed. Surprisingly then, acute electrophysiological responses of the SCN population do not reflect the total amount of environmental illumination. Another untested suggestion has been that the circadian system might use changes in the spectral composition of light to estimate time of day. Hence, during ‘twilight’, there is a relative enrichment of shortwavelength light, which is detectable as a change in colour to the dichromatic visual system of most mammals. Here I used a ‘silent substitution’ approach to selectively manipulate mouse cone photoreception, revealing a subset of SCN neurons that exhibit spectrally-opponent (blue-yellow) visual responses and are capable of reliably tracking sun position across the day-night transition. I then confirm the importance of this colour discrimination mechanism for circadian entrainment by demonstrating a reliable change in mouse body temperature rhythms when exposed to simulated natural photoperiods with and without simultaneous changes in colour. This identification of chromatic influences on circadian entrainment then raises important new questions such as which SCN cell types process colour signals and do these properties originate in the retina or arise via input from other visual regions? Advances in mouse genetics now offer powerful ways to address these questions. Our original method for studying colour discrimination required transgenic mice with red-shifted cone sensitivity – presenting a barrier to applying this approach alongside other genetic tools. To circumvent this issue I validated a modified approach for manipulating wildtype cone photoreception. Using this approach alongside optogenetic cell-identification I then demonstrate that the thalamic inputs to the SCN are unlikely to provide a major source of chromatic information. To further probe IGL-contributions to SCN visual responses, I next used electrical microstimulation to show that the thalamus provides inhibitory input to both colour and brightness sensitive SCN cells. Using local pharmacological inhibition I then show that thalamic inputs supress specific features of the SCN light response originating with the contralateral retina, including colour discrimination. These data thus provide new insight into the ways that arousal signals reaching the visual thalamus could modulate sensory processing in the SCN. Together then, the work described in this thesis provides important new insight into sensory control of the circadian system and the underlying neural mechanisms.

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Hanifin, John P. „Circadian, neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral effects of polychromatic light in humans“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/807999/.

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In the last eighteen years there has been the identification of a novel photopigment, melanopsin, and its subsequent localization to human intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Since melanopsin’s peak sensitivity is in the short wavelength portion of the visible spectrum (from 447 nm to 484 nm), there has been a steady increase in studies investigating the physiological effects of blue light. This thesis examines polychromatic light mixtures of blue light for circadian, neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral effects in humans. White blue-enriched fluorescent lamps were tested at equal photon densities for increased efficacy for melatonin suppression, increased alertness, and circadian phase shifting. Results demonstrated that compared to white fluorescent light, blue-enriched fluorescent light was significantly stronger for suppressing melatonin and resulted in significantly reduced subjective sleepiness. Blue-enriched light, however, was not significantly stronger in eliciting circadian phase-delay or increasing objective measures of alertness. Next, blue-appearing narrowband solid-state light was examined for its ability to acutely suppress nocturnal melatonin as well as enhance cognitive performance and alertness in healthy men and women when compared to dim white lighting. The results demonstrated that narrowband blue solid-state light was significantly stronger for melatonin suppression compared to dim white light. Subjective and objective assessments of alertness, however, were not significantly increased by blue-enriched light exposure. The final study tested the hypothesis that certain combinations of light wavelengths are additive or opponent to the photoreceptor system that mediates the melatonin suppression. The results demonstrated that the melatonin suppression responses to dual narrow bandwidth light combinations were not significantly different from single wavelength exposures. Taken together, the results suggest that melanopsin sensitivity is not the sole consideration for predicting the efficacy of white polychromatic lighting. The different effects of blue light on alertness, circadian phase-shifting and melatonin suppression imply a either a context dependent sensitivity and/or differential involvement of the classical photoreceptors in these light responses.

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Bücher zum Thema "Circadian light"

Derek, Chadwick, und Goode Jamie, Hrsg. Molecular clocks and light signalling. New York: Wiley, 2003.

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Mathur, Anuradha. Involvement of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases in the circadian responses to light in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1994.

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Wirz-Justice, Anna. Chronotherapeutics for affective disorders: A clinician's manual for light and wake therapy. 2. Aufl. Basel: Karger, 2013.

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1966-, Benedetti Francesco, und Terman Michael, Hrsg. Chronotherapeutics for affective disorders: A clinician's manual for light and wake therapy. Basel: Karger, 2009.

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Foundation, Novartis. Molecular Clocks and Light Signalling (Novartis Foundation Symposia). Wiley, 2003.

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Light as a chronobiologic countermeasure for long-duration space operations. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1991.

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Foster, Russell, und Leon Kreitzman. Circadian Rhythms: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198717683.001.0001.

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The Earth’s daily rotation affects almost every living creature. From dawn through to dusk, there are changes in light, temperature, humidity, and rainfall. However, these changes are regular, rhythmic, and therefore predictable. Thus, the near 24-hour circadian rhythm is innate: a genetically programmed clock. Circadian Rhythms: A Very Short Introduction explains how organisms can ‘know’ the time and reveals what we now understand of the nature and operation of chronobiological processes. Covering variables such as light, the metabolism, human health, and the seasons, it illustrates how jet lag and shift work can impact on human well-being, and considers circadian rhythms alongside a wide range of disorders, from schizophrenia to obesity.

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Hanger, Maria Andujo. EFFECT OF LIGHT ON MELATONIN IN THE INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDERLY (NURSING HOMES, ILLUMINATION, CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS). 1993.

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Lennart, Wetterberg, Hrsg. Light and biological rhythms in man. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., Hrsg. Light and gravity effects on circadian rhythms of rhesus macaques: Final technical report, NAG2-801. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Circadian light"

Roenneberg, Till, Thomas Kantermann, Myriam Juda, Céline Vetter und Karla V. Allebrandt. „Light and the Human Circadian Clock“. In Circadian Clocks, 311–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25950-0_13.

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Dannerfjord, Adam A., Laurence A. Brown, Russell G. Foster und Stuart N. Peirson. „Light Input to the Mammalian Circadian Clock“. In Circadian Clocks, 233–47. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0381-9_18.

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Rosbash, Michael, Ravi Allada, Mike McDonald, Ying Peng und Jie Zhao. „Circadian Rhythms in Drosophila“. In Molecular Clocks and Light Signalling, 223–37. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470090839.ch16.

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Asard, Han, und Roland J. Caubergs. „Circadian Rhythms and Photoperception in Plants: The Role of Red Light and Blue Light“. In Membranes and Circadian Rythms, 139–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79903-7_7.

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Johnsson, Anders, Charlotte Helfrich-Förster und Wolfgang Engelmann. „How Light Resets Circadian Clocks“. In Photobiology, 243–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1468-5_18.

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Schuler, Corey B., und Kate M. Hope. „Circadian Rhythm: Light-Dark Cycles“. In Integrative and Functional Medical Nutrition Therapy, 577–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30730-1_34.

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Foster, Russell G., Mark W. Hankins und Stuart N. Peirson. „Light, Photoreceptors, and Circadian Clocks“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 3–28. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-257-1_1.

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Davidson, Alec J., Shin Yamazaki und Michael Menaker. „SCN: Ringmaster of the Circadian Circus or Conductor of the Circadian Orchestra?“ In Molecular Clocks and Light Signalling, 110–25. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470090839.ch9.

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Wong, Paul, Daniel T. Organisciak, Alison Ziesel, M. A. Chrenek und M. L. Patterson. „Circadian Effects on Retinal Light Damage“. In The Retina and Circadian Rhythms, 131–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9613-7_8.

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Altimus, Cara M., Tara A. LeGates und Samer Hattar. „Circadian and Light Modulation of Behavior“. In Mood and Anxiety Related Phenotypes in Mice, 47–65. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-303-9_4.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Circadian light"

Castaneda, R. „Circadian Rhythm Light Watch“. In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Measurement and Control in Robotics (ISMCR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismcr47492.2019.8955710.

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Castaldo, A., M. Ferrara, A. Antonaia und L. Bellia. „Measuring light by circadian sensors“. In 20th Italian National Conference on Photonic Technologies (Fotonica 2018). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2018.1666.

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Nicol, David B., und Ian T. Ferguson. „Development of a circadian light source“. In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, herausgegeben von Ian T. Ferguson, Nadarajah Narendran, Steven P. DenBaars und Yoon-Soo Park. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.469722.

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Durmus, Dorukalp. „Circadian metric variability measures for tunable LED light sources“. In Light-Emitting Devices, Materials, and Applications XXV, herausgegeben von Martin Strassburg, Jong Kyu Kim und Michael R. Krames. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2574130.

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Price, Luke, Ljiljana Udovicic und Marina Khazova. „CIRCADIAN LIGHT EXPOSURES OF SHIFT WORKING NURSES“. In Proceedings of the 29th Quadrennial Session of the CIE. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x46.2019.pp30.

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Durmus, Dorukalp. „Multi-objective optimization trade-offs for color rendition, energy efficiency, and circadian metrics“. In Light-Emitting Devices, Materials, and Applications XXV, herausgegeben von Martin Strassburg, Jong Kyu Kim und Michael R. Krames. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2576421.

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Jiaxiang Zhang, John T. Wen und Agung Julius. „Optimal and feedback control for light-based circadian entrainment“. In 2013 IEEE 52nd Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2013.6760287.

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Parma, Mikulas, Petr Baxant und Jan Skoda. „Comparison of Spectral Power Distribution of Various Light Sources in Correlation to Human Circadian System“. In 21st International Conference LIGHT SVĚTLO 2015. Brno: Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikacnich technologii VUT v Brne, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/conf.light.2015.25.

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Stepanek, Jaroslav, Jan Skoda, Michal Krbal und Vojtech Wasserbauer. „Comparison of light sources for household use due circadian effect“. In 2016 17th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2016.7521792.

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Yan, W. W., Y. Liu und B. M. Fu. „Mechanical Mechanism of Circadian Fluctuations Regulated Haematopoietic Stems Cell Release“. In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53377.

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Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) circulate in the bloodstream under flow conditions, but the mechanical mechanisms of governing their physiological trafficking in mammals are still not yet clearly understood. The mobilization of HSCs and their progenitors into the circulation represents the basis for modern bone marrow transplantation procedures [1]. Recently, Mendez-Ferrer et al. performed experimental investigations on mice [2]. They demonstrated that the circulating HSCs and their progenitors exhibit robust circadian oscillations, and the circadian fluctuations could also be significantly altered when the HSCs were subjected to different time of lighting. These results indicated that the photic cues could affect the trafficking of HSCs in healthy animals. This implies that the light is the stimulus of HSCs release. When the HSCs are exposed to light, the HSCs release would markedly increase; when the HSCs are in darkness, the HSCs release keeps low efficiency. In this study, we numerically simulate this phenomenon to study the mechanical mechanism of circadian fluctuations regulated HSCs release under the influence of periodic lighting time.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Circadian light"

Kelly, Tamsin L., Deborah Smith und Paul Naitoh. Melatonin, Light and Circadian Cycles. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Dezember 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada223196.

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Foster, Russell G. AASERT95 Control of Circadian Behavior by Light and Transplanted Supercharimatic Nuclei. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juni 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada379433.

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Van Cauter, Eve. Phase-Shifting Effect of Light and Exercise on the Human Circadian Clock. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Februar 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada253012.

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Van Cauter, Eve. Phase Shifting Effects of Light and Activity on the Human Circadian Clock. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Februar 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada337545.

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Van Cauter, Eve, Jeppe Sturis, Maria M. Byrne, John D. Blackman, Neal H. Scherberg, Rachel Leproult, Samuel Refetoff und Olivier Van Reeth. Phase-Shifting Effect of Light and Exercise on the Human Circadian Clock. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Mai 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265732.

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Van Cauter, Eve. Phase-Shifting Effects of Light and Activity on the Human Circadian Clock. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Februar 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada281204.

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Tchekalarova, Jana, Tsveta Stoyanova, Rumyana Gesheva und Milena Atanasova. Agomelatine Treatment Corrects Depressive-like Behaviour Induced by Chronic Constant Light Exposure through Modulation of Circadian Rhythm of Corticosterone Release. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.04.15.

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