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Thematische Bibliographien / Church and state in Bavaria / Zeitschriftenartikel

Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Church and state in Bavaria“

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Veröffentlicht am 26. Juli 2024

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1

Springer, Beata. „The Free State of Bavaria - between Christianization and secularism“. Review of Nationalities 10, Nr. 1 (01.12.2020): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pn-2020-0018.

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Abstract The article deals with issues related to the phenomena of secularization and secularism in the Free State of Bavaria. The analysis includes changes in attitudes towards religion in recent years, the perception of church institutions and the transformation of religiousness, and the partial disappearance of religiousness and the effects of multiculturalism in the context of the attachment to tradition and the strong cultivation of the Bavarian cultural identity.

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Berkmann, Burkhard J. „The covid-19 Crisis and Religious Freedom“. Journal of Law, Religion and State 8, Nr. 2-3 (16.12.2020): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22124810-2020013.

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Abstract The article provides an overview of anti-covid-19 measures in Germany, especially in Bavaria. Public worship services were banned for seven weeks, but have been permitted again since the 4th of May, 2020, under safeguards. By comparing state law and Catholic canon law, the article investigates whether church norms merely “react” to state norms or are independent of them. Do they correspond to them or even go beyond them in their content? The article also examines whether state orders violate religious freedom. To this end, the relevant case law in Germany is analyzed. Since church and state have coordinated their actions, believers find it more difficult to exercise religious freedom.

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Kimourtzis, Panayotis, und Anna Mandilara. „Celebrating in King Otto’s Greece“. Journal of Festive Studies 4, Nr. 1 (23.02.2023): 144–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33823/jfs.2022.4.1.73.

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The heavy-handed regime of King Otto of Bavaria introduced the ritual of national celebrations in Greece in 1833. The monarchy instituted annual celebrations for occasions such as the apovatíria—the anniversary of Otto’s landing in Nafplio—and also organized festivities for some of the king’s other public appearances (departures, arrivals, inauguration of various institutions). The festivities were primarily based on the traditions of European royal courts and secondarily on the protocol of the Orthodox Church. The monarchy and its concomitant institutions, the church (with its religious ceremonies) and the army (with its hierarchy), offered a familiar and safe spectacle with their firmly established rites such as parades, processions, hymns, and chants. Given the scanty financial resources of the Greek state during Otto’s reign, sponsoring such celebrations required a delicate balance. Focusing on the example of the anniversary of the Greek War of Independence on March 25, 1838, this article emphasizes the regime’s effort to stage said celebrations in a manner befitting both the significance of each event and the king’s grandeur without provoking public sentiment with the high cost of the celebrations or with events that were unfamiliar to the inhabitants of the Greek capital, Athens.

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Dotter, Marion. „Mit Nächstenliebe gegen den Kommunismus“. Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 101, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/qufiab-2021-0007.

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Abstract This study examines the strategies adopted by the Catholic church in the post-World War II German-speaking area to curtail the ‚communist threat‘. The text compares two dioceses, St. Pölten in the eastern part of Austria, and Munich-Freising in Bavaria, that saw the need to react to the rise of communist regimes immediately outside their borders in East-Central Europe with the means at their disposal. The starting point for this analysis is the „Decree against Communism“ of Pope Pius XII, which belongs to a long tradition of ecclesiastical criticism directed against the great ideologies of the 19th and 20th centuries, and which was widely adopted by the German-speaking clergy. The discussion of the methods by which the church attempted to influence the east-west conflict and their constraints will address three topics: aid for refugees, the social question, and issues related to schooling. In these areas, the church used a variety of resources to achieve its aims and exploited the Roman curia’s position as a global actor – from its parishes and monasteries at the local level to its spheres of political influence at the nation-state level.

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Siliprandi, Eleonora. „Religion and the Greek constitution: a challenge for liberal democracy“. SOCIOLOGIA DEL DIRITTO, Nr. 2 (November 2010): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sd2010-002005.

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Although Greece is commonly considered as a Western democracy, ethnic and religious considerations. seem to affect the concept of citizenship diffused in Greek society. The constant reference of the church throughout Greek history and the exploitation of religion operated by the state have preserved a communitarian vision of belonging and exclusion. Several waves of nationalist propaganda have eventually reinforced a religious vision of citizenship and introduced an ethnic connotation. This orientation is supported by the constitution, where religion represents a source of exclusion. Among the factors that contributed to distancing the Greek Constitution from its liberal models, the Ottoman organization in millet, the integration of the Philhellenes' vision in the policy of the church, and the incorporation of the latter in state administration during the Bavarian Monarchy appear as relevant. In this study a socio legal analysis of relevant constitutional articles is proposed in the light of historical considerations.

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Funk, Thomas P. „Postsäkulares Placemaking im oberpfälzischen Konnersreuth: Sakralisierung, Kulturerbe, Eigensinn“. Geographica Helvetica 72, Nr. 3 (18.07.2017): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-72-317-2017.

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Abstract. The initiation of the beatification process of catholic stigmatist Therese Neumann of Konnersreuth/Bavaria (1898–1962) in February 2005 marks the beginning of the touristic marketing of her birth place in the context of EU-regionalization. In the case concerned, I argue, the Postsecular emerges in the evolution of new forms of EU-regional governance and in the controversial valorisation of a catholic popular cult as cultural heritage. I examine postsecular placemaking in Konnersreuth as a process, in which actors of the local civil society, the official church and the EU bureaucracy stage Therese Neumann by the valorisation of her material heritage, by sacralization and profanation. In doing this, actors renegotiate boundaries and transitions between the religious and the secular sphere, as well as between the regional, the global and the singular universality of grace. In their productions of space, local actors mediate between tourist and spiritual experiences of authenticity, between the popular demand for heritage and the awaiting for the religious event of grace. The postsecular, I argue, emerges in the insistence of parts of the local civil society to authorize the deceased Therese Neumann herself as an – though unwilling – supranatural actor in the placemaking process and in their legitimation of their own (un-)willingness to participate in the sacralization and touristification of their heritage with the will of the stigmatist. The article shows, how religious belief can play the role of a ressource as well as a disruptive factor in postsecular placemaking processes and neoliberal governing by community.

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Carstea, Daniela. „Church and State, Church in State“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 7, Nr. 4 (2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.74.1003.

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The purpose of this paper is to briefly analyse the three existing models regulating the limits and the areas of intersectionality between the spiritual and the lay power, recognisable and identifiable in the countries of the European Community, that made possible the noticeable onslaught of secularisation in (post-)modernity. The first section will then be supplemented with a sociologically-informed analysis of the increasing desacralisation of our world, employing as a starting point Matthew Arnold’s poem, Dover Beach, foreboding the perils of loss of faith as early as the nineteenth century.

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McKitterick, Rosamond. „Unity and Diversity in the Carolingian Church“. Studies in Church History 32 (1996): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400015333.

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With their steady series of conquests during the eighth century, adding Alemannia, Frisia, Aquitaine, the Lombard kingdom in northern Italy, Septimania, Bavaria, Saxony, and Brittany to the Frankish heartlands in Gaul, the Carolingians created what Ganshof regarded as an unwieldy empire. Was the Carolingian Church unwieldy too? Recent work, notably that of Janet Nelson, has underlined not only the political ideologies that helped to hold the Frankish realms together, but also the practical institutions and actions of individuals in government and administration. Can the same be done for the Church? Despite the extraordinary diversity of the Carolingian world and its ecclesiastical traditions, can it be described as a unity? What sense of a ‘Frankish Church’ or of ‘Frankish ecclesiastical institutions’ can be detected in the sources?

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Allen, Anthony K., und Helen M. Muir. „Albert Neuberger. 15 April 1908 — 14 August 1996“. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 47 (Januar 2001): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2001.0021.

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Albert Neuberger was born in 1908 in the small Franconian town of Hassfurt, which is in the north of Bavaria. At the time of Albert's birth, the Kingdom of Bavaria was a semiautonomous state of the German Empire.

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Rudenko, Oleksii. „Creating the image of the King: the early modern woodcut of Sigismund Augustus from ‘Confessio fidei’ by Stanislaus Hosius“. Text and Image: Essential Problems in Art History, Nr. 1 (2020): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-4801.2020.1.04.

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My article is devoted to the woodcut with the image of Polish King Sigismund II Augustus Jagiellon (1520-1572) and to the possible authorship of this early modern emblem. The composition for the first time is noted in the second Vienna 1560 edition of ‘Confessio fidei’, written by Polish bishop and later – a Cardinal – Stanislaus Hosius (Stanisław Hozjusz). The same emblem is inserted in the 1561 Vienna edition, but is absent from all further reprints. At the same time, the National Museum in Cracow defines the origination of this woodcut from the city of Mainz and dates it back to 1557, however, in the existing exemplars of the 1557 print in The Princes Czartoryski Library and The Bavarian State Library in Munich this woodcut is not present. In my article, I elucidate the artistic peculiarities of the composition of this emblem – the King’s portrait, the role of the framing of his figure with the dynastic and territorial coats of arms, and also analyse and translate the text of the 12-line poem in Latin. The poem interpreted the successes of Sigismund II, firstly, with the origins of his name from the ancient Roman princeps Octavius Augustus, and secondly, by the King’s faithfulness to the Catholic Church. Considering the appointment of Hosius as the nuncio to Vienna in 1559, the direct involvement of the bishop into the creation of this emblem is perceived as quite likely, especially in spite of Hosius’s activity in the Counter-Reformation processes in Europe. This was conducted for two purposes: in order to accomplish a specific didactic-catholic mission for Maximilian II Habsburg, as well as to promote the image of Sigismund Augustus in the international arena. In the article, the attention is focused on the ancient reminiscences, referred by the author, and the possible further research paths of the classical reception are defined in the context of early modern Europe.

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Bliznyuk, Svetlana V. „Letter of King Hugh IV of Cyprus and its Interpretation in the 17th-Century Russian Literature“. Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 23, Nr. 2 (2021): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2021.23.2.028.

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This article contains two sources concerning the history of Russia and Cyprus: an unknown and previously unpublished letter of King Hugh IV of Lusignan of Cyprus to Giovanna, Queen of Naples, and a work of an unknown Russian author of the seventeenth century about the victory of the Cypriot Christian army over the Turks. A textual and comparative analysis of both sources carried out in the article proves a borrowing of information by the Russian author from the letter of the Cypriot king. The work of the anonymous author is an almost liberal literary translation of Hugh’s letter. At the same time, the Russian translator did not borrow the plot of the letter directly, but most likely through later Cypriot literature, in which the story told by the Cypriot king was probably extremely popular. The events of the history of Cyprus of different times intertwine in the Russian text in order to show the heroic past of Cyprus. The Russian author dates his story to 552 and connects it with Emperor Justinian I, the most revered and heroic Byzantine ruler. He cannot separate the history of Cyprus from the history of Byzantium, just as the Cypriot and Greek-Byzantine authors of the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries could not do it. However, both texts speak of Latin Crusaders, who are fighting against the Turks under the leadership of the King of Cyprus. The Russian author remains faithful to the Orthodox tradition of rejection of the idea of crusades and replaces the idea of martyrdom of a crusader in the name of the Lord with heroic battle scenes traditional for Russian literature. He acknowledges that warriors are fighting for the Christian faith and for the church but denies the idea of guaranteed salvation and eternal life for military feats. At the end of the article, the full text of the letter of Hugh IV of Lusignan based on a manuscript of the fifteenth century kept in the manuscript department of the Bavarian State Library is published.

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12

Čechura, Martin, und Pavel Břicháček. „Denár Karla II. Holého nalezený v Chotěšově“. Numismatické listy 75, Nr. 1-4 (2022): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/nl.2020.004.

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An early medieval silver denier of the West Frankish King and Emperor Charles II the Bald (843–877) was found during a metal detector survey of a wellknown polycultural site with remnants of settlements from the Neolithic to the High Middle Ages Periods. Despite small traces of corrosion, the coin is perfectly preserved and was probably never in circulation. The denier is the eighth known find of a Carolingian coin in Bohemia, and the first specimen found in the Pilsen Region. The importance of the site is given mainly by its location on the Regensburg route, which provided the main connection between Bohemia and Bavaria. The importance of this route is underlined by the location of the customhouse with the church of St. Jakub in Domažlice, and especially the Benedictine mission cell in Cham, similar to the findings of Carolingian coins in Bavaria.

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13

Coleman, Kjirsten, Jörg Müller und Claudia Kuenzer. „Remote Sensing of Forests in Bavaria: A Review“. Remote Sensing 16, Nr. 10 (20.05.2024): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16101805.

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In recent decades, climatic pressures have altered the forested landscape of Bavaria. Widespread loss of trees has unevenly impacted the entire state, of which 37% is covered by forests (5% more than the national average). In 2018 and 2019—due in large part to drought and subsequent insect infestations—more tree-covered areas were lost in Bavaria than in any other German state. Moreover, the annual crown condition survey of Bavaria has revealed a decreasing trend in tree vitality since 1998. We conducted a systematic literature review regarding the remote sensing of forests in Bavaria. In total, 146 scientific articles were published between 2008 and 2023. While 88 studies took place in the Bavarian Forest National Park, only five publications covered the whole of Bavaria. Outside of the national park, the remaining 2.5 million hectares of forest in Bavaria are understudied. The most commonly studied topics were related to bark beetle infestations (24 papers); however, few papers focused on the drivers of infestations. The majority of studies utilized airborne data, while publications utilizing spaceborne data focused on multispectral; other data types were under-utilized- particularly thermal, lidar, and hyperspectral. We recommend future studies to both spatially broaden investigations to the state or national scale and to increase temporal data acquisitions together with contemporaneous in situ data. Especially in understudied topics regarding forest response to climate, catastrophic disturbances, regrowth and species composition, phenological timing, and in the sector of forest management. The utilization of remote sensing data in the forestry sector and the uptake of scientific results among stakeholders remains a challenge compared to other heavily forested European countries. An integral part of the Bavarian economy and the tourism sector, forests are also vital for climate regulation via atmospheric carbon reduction and land surface cooling. Therefore, forest monitoring remains centrally important to attaining more resilient and productive forests.

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James, Peter. „The free state of Bavaria: A special case“. Representation 33, Nr. 1 (März 1995): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00344899508522955.

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15

Haußmann, Annette, und Jonathan Spanos. „Protestantismus und politische Partizipation. Evangelische Parlamentarierinnen im Nachkriegsbayern zwischen Politik und Kirche“. Evangelische Theologie 79, Nr. 3 (01.06.2019): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/evth-2019-790308.

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AbstractThe article reflects on the interdependence of the political and ecclesial sphere and the influence of Protestant women in the first two decades after 1945. Two different biographies of women from Bavaria with active influence in politics and church and both members of the CSU, Elisabeth Nägelsbach (member of the Landtag) and Ingeborg Geisendörfer (member of the Bundestag), are taken into account concerning their self-understanding, their agenda setting and their rhetoric self-presentation. We argue, that the spheres of politics and church are interdependent and gender construction plays an important role. Furthermore, the developments in the ecclesial sphere took much longer and emancipation of women was implemented more hesitantly than in the political system. Also, theological arguments were crucial for this delay. The article suggests to consider a differentiated and context-sensible approach to understand the relationship between religious denomination and emancipation as well as the role of political conservative female politicians with an association to the church in the development of gender equalization.

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Dumville, David N. „Frivolity and Reform in the Church: The Irish Experience, 1066–1166“. Studies in Church History 48 (2012): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400001236.

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In mid November 1064, what was perhaps the most important pre-Crusade pilgrimage to Jerusalem left Bavaria under the leadership of Günther, bishop of Bamberg. The number of pilgrims, all unarmed, is stated as some seven thousand in the least incredible source text. The leading ecclesiastics came from all over the northern half of the Empire, from Utrecht to Regensburg. A substantial contingent hailed from the province of Mainz, led by Archbishop Siegfried. Only some two thousand are said to have returned the following year. Our earliest source is the chronicle kept at Mainz by the Gaelic inclusus, Moelbrigte / Marianus Scottus (d. 1082/3), who had lived at Mainz since 1069 and was certainly writing his chronicle by 1073/4.

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Cullen, Bernard. „Church and State“. Irish Philosophical Journal 2, Nr. 1 (1985): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/irishphil1985214.

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18

Purcell, Brendan. „Church and State“. Philosophical Studies 31 (1986): 380–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philstudies1986/198731100.

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19

Krasikov, Anatoly. „Church – State – Society“. Journal of Political Theory, Political Philosophy and Sociology of Politics Politeia 6, Nr. 4 (1997): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30570/2078-5089-1997-6-4-52-59.

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20

Nancy, Jean-Luc. „Church, State, Resistance“. Journal of Law and Society 34, Nr. 1 (März 2007): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6478.2007.00378.x.

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21

Klaassen, Johann A. „Church and State“. Social Philosophy Today 20 (2004): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/socphiltoday2004204.

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22

Minnerath, Roland. „Church/State Relations“. Ecumenical Review 50, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1998): 430–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6623.1998.tb00361.x.

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23

YASAR, AYSUN. „The Development of the School Trial Islamic Religious Instruction at Bavarian Public Schools“. Ta'dib: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 23, Nr. 1 (14.06.2018): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/td.v23i1.1655.

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This paper analyses the formation and development of the school trial Islamic religious instruction at public schools in Bavaria. The Bavarian trial was a pioneer project and was described as the nearest to the guidelines of the German Basic Law 7,3 compared to others. Meanwhile the Bavarian Islamic religious instruction has been tried for nearly 15 years. It has been evaluated positively for years, nevertheless its status of a school trial is ongoing. The school trial Islamic religious instruction in Bavaria fell far short of the expectations. It has neither been introduced nationwide in Bavaria nor received the status of a regular religious instruction according to the Basic Law 7,3 analog to the Jewish or Christian religious instruction. It seems that there’s no political will in Bavaria to accept the existing Islamic associations as a religious community according to the Basic Law 7,3. The unconstitutional status of the Islamic religious instruction will intensify the distrust of the Muslims into the Bavarian state.

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Litaker, Noria. „Lost in Translation? Constructing Ancient Roman Martyrs in Baroque Bavaria“. Church History 89, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2020): 801–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640721000020.

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Over the course of the early modern period, parish, monastic, and pilgrimage churches across Catholic Europe and beyond eagerly sought to acquire the relics of ancient Roman martyrs excavated from the Eternal City's catacombs. Between 1648 and 1803, the duchy of Bavaria welcomed nearly 350 of these “holy bodies” to its soil. Rather than presenting the remains as fragments, as was common during the medieval period, local communities forged catacomb saint relics into gleaming skeletons and then worked to write hagiographical narratives that made martyrs’ lives vivid and memorable to a population unfamiliar with their deeds. Closely examining the construction and material presentation of Bavarian catacomb saints as well as the vitae written for them offers a new vantage point from which to consider how the intellectual movement known as the paleo-Christian revival and the scholarship it produced were received, understood, and then used by Catholic Europeans in an everyday religious context. This article demonstrates that local Bavarian craftsmen, artists, relic decorators, priests, and nuns—along with erudite scholars in Rome—were active in bringing the early Christian church to life and participated in the revival as practitioners and creative scholars in their own right.

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Minkova, K. V., und A. A. Savostyanov. „Bavaria's external relations“. Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities 29, Nr. 2 (27.04.2024): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2024-29-2-541-552.

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Importance. The current state of Bavaria’s foreign relations and their main problems are considered, and ways to solve them are proposed. A special emphasis is placed on the role of Bavaria in solving the federal tasks of Germany in the field of foreign policy, for this purpose the concept of auxillary paradiplomacy by Y.G. Akimov is used. The relevance of the study is dictated by the lack of work in the scientific field representing a relevant and modern analysis of the state of Bavaria’s foreign policy. The purpose of the research is to update the study of Bavaria’s foreign relations at the present time. The high level of institutional development, the complexity and interconnectedness of the implemented programs at the level of this federal state are emphasized.Materials and Methods. The main materials are the official Ministries websites of Bavaria and representatives of the Land abroad, as well as reports of the EU commissions on interregional cooperation. To solve the tasks set, the institutional method is used in the context of considering the main actors of Bavaria’s foreign policy and their functions, as well as the “case-study” method for analyzing cooperation between Bavaria and the Czech Republic.Results and Discussion. Using the example of the Strategy for the Development of Relations between Bavaria and the Czech Republic from 2019, the multifactorial nature of Bavaria’s external relations, as well as a well-thought-out institutional design of cooperation, are demonstrated.Conclusion. The Bavarian model can be successfully implemented in other regions (including Russia) seeking greater global cooperation. This model is contrasted with the traditional model of development of external relations of subnational actors, focused mainly on trade; its advantages are emphasized.

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FARR, IAN. „Farmers’ Cooperatives in Bavaria, 1880–1914: ‘State-Help’ and ‘Self-Help’ in Imperial Germany“. Rural History 18, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2007): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793307002130.

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AbstractThis paper examines the growth of peasant/farmer cooperatives in the German state of Bavaria in the years circa 1880–1914. The remarkable increase in the number of cooperative ventures in rural Germany, seen most clearly in the proliferation of credit cooperatives (Raiffeisenvereine), has attracted scant attention from historians. This study of the phenomenon in Bavaria suggests that the longer-term structural problems of peasant agriculture, compounded by seasonal crises and the absence of adequate structures of credit for small producers, all helped to make peasant farmers more receptive to cooperative innovation. In addition, however, state encouragement, galvanised in no small measure by the marked and, for the Bavarian state, discomfiting politicisation of agrarian interests in the early 1890s, was also instrumental in the extension of the cooperative idea. Certainly the more demagogic agrarian lobbies of the period, whether in Bavaria or in Germany as a whole, protested loudly that self-help measures such as cooperative credit, purchase and sales counted for relatively little, and that the only sure protection for farmers in the face of rapidly changing market conditions was large-scale state subvention, above all in the form of higher tariffs. However, the evidence presented here suggests that political demands to insulate the peasantry from change in fact formed part of a critical interplay between agrarian mobilisation, state intervention and cooperative initiatives whose effects, even if difficult to calculate exactly, undoubtedly contributed to the improvements in peasant farming in this period.

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Mrozek, Jacek Janusz. „OBLIGATORYJNY SYSTEM NAUCZANIA RELIGII W SZKOŁACH PUBLICZNYCH W ŚWIETLE WYBRANYCH KONKORDATÓW“. Civitas et Lex 6, Nr. 2 (30.06.2015): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/cetl.2063.

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The subject of this article is an attempt to analyse the religion teaching in the mandatory formguaranteed by concordats from the Third Reich (1933), Bavaria (1924) − amended in 1968 and 1974,Lower Saxony (1965), Sarah (1985), Austria (1962 ) and Portugal (1940). Concordat guaranteesprotecting the right of the Catholic Church to teach religion in public schools in these countries areexpressed primarily in the field of religion education, its time dimension, in preparing their owneducational programs, providing religion teachers a rightful position like those teachers of othersubjects, and finally in the supervision on the teaching of religion in schools.

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Oftestad, Bernt T. „The Church of Norway ‐ a state church and a national Church“. Studia Theologica - Nordic Journal of Theology 44, Nr. 1 (Januar 1990): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00393389008600084.

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29

Haemig, Mary Jane. „Church in Motion: The History of the Evangelical Lutheran Mission in Bavaria by Hermann Vorländer“. Lutheran Quarterly 33, Nr. 4 (2019): 483–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lut.2019.0105.

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30

Koterski,, Joseph W. „Church, State, and Society“. International Philosophical Quarterly 51, Nr. 2 (2011): 272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ipq201151230.

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31

Purcell, Brendan. „Church, State and Society“. Irish Philosophical Journal 3, Nr. 1 (1986): 58–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/irishphil1986314.

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32

Clarke, Desmond M. „Church, State and Society“. Irish Philosophical Journal 3, Nr. 2 (1986): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/irishphil1986329.

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33

Schrift, Alan D. „Between Church and State“. International Studies in Philosophy 24, Nr. 2 (1992): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/intstudphil199224276.

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34

Fraser, James W. „Church, State, and School“. History of Education Quarterly 45, Nr. 3 (2005): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2005.tb00049.x.

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35

Ferrer Conill, Raul. „Camouflaging Church as State“. Journalism Studies 17, Nr. 7 (06.04.2016): 904–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2016.1165138.

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36

Volf, Miroslav. „Church, State, and Society“. Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 6, Nr. 1 (Januar 1989): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026537888900600106.

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37

Shear, Marie, und Bryan F. Le Beau. „Separating Church and State“. Women's Review of Books 20, Nr. 10/11 (Juli 2003): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4024251.

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38

Nikiforenko, E. M. „Between State and Church“. Russian Studies in History 54, Nr. 4 (02.10.2015): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2015.1169131.

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39

Fylypovych, Liudmyla, und Anatolii Kolodnyi. „The Culture of State-Church and Church-State Relations: The Ukrainian Case“. Roczniki Kulturoznawcze 12, Nr. 2 (17.06.2021): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rkult21122-1.

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The article is devoted to relations between Church and the Ukrainian State and analysis of their current state and prospects of development. The authors analyze some state–church approaches to the relationship between State and Church based on Ukrainian legislation and social concepts of churches. The main task of a modern state is to guarantee freedom of conscience to citizens and provide conditions for free functioning of religious organizations. Church also assumes certain responsibilities to the state and society. The article provides an overview of the attitude of the Catholic, Greek Catholic and Orthodox Churches to power. Referring to the practice of state-church relations and church-state relations in Ukraine, the authors deduce that the subjects of these relations do not yet demonstrate the appropriate level of culture of this relationship, and do not follow the rules of partnership between Church and State. The authors admit a possibility to constructively criticize each other’s positions and make mutual demands, contextualizing their interests and needs while forming this culture. At the same time, State should get rid of the remnants of Soviet totalitarian control over the activities of Church, and Church should renounce patronage and servility. For both State and Church, in the sphere of mutual relations, taking into consideration world models of civilized relations between them and referring to their own history of these relations and existing experience of communication with each other, there should be established a high culture of dialogue between State and Church, between secular and spiritual authorities.

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Abinales, Patricio N. „Review Essay: Church and State and Church as State in the Philippines“. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 28, Nr. 2 (Juni 1996): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14672715.1996.10416201.

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41

Yang, Xueqing, Yang Liu, Mei Wang, Alberto Bezama und Daniela Thrän. „Identifying the Necessities of Regional-Based Analysis to Study Germany’s Biogas Production Development under Energy Transition“. Land 10, Nr. 2 (01.02.2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020135.

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The German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) has been deemed successful in promoting German biogas production. However, the German state-level biogas production development (BPD) under the EEG has not been systematically studied and compared. This research aimed to study the German state-level BPD using the multivariate linear regression model with a dummy variable, and to spatially quantify the environmental and agricultural consequences using the geographic information system (GIS) technique to identify the necessities of regional-based analysis on Germany’s BPD. The empirical results indicated that Saxony-Anhalt was advanced in BPD, while farmers’ response from Bavaria to EEG was the weakest. The reason behind could be the differences in farmers’ personality traits and risk cognitions toward the biogas production investment. The spatial analysis indicated that Saxony-Anhalt had more severe environmental problems caused by the biogas production expansion than Bavaria. Therefore, to promote BPD in states such as Bavaria, an increase in the nationwide unified subsidy might lead to an overreaction of the EEG strong response states, e.g., Saxony-Anhalt, leading to more serious environmental problems. In the end, there is a need for more regional-based research on studying the BPD in Germany in the future to avoid the ambiguity of large-scale studies.

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Johnson, Trevor. „Holy Fabrications: The Catacomb Saints and the Counter-Reformation in Bavaria“. Journal of Ecclesiastical History 47, Nr. 2 (April 1996): 274–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900080015.

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True to its catholicity, the Counter-Reformation was in spirit a universal movement. The new universalism of the post-Tridentine Church produced greater centralisation, enhancing the authority of the papacy, and was reflected in the attempted imposition throughout the Catholic world of institutional uniformity and liturgical, cultic and devotional standardisation. In practice, however, the Counter-Reformation must also be seen as a local phenomenon, not only in the obvious sense that it was within their immediate locality that early modern Catholics were exposed to the new impulses originating at Rome, but also in the sense that such impulses were filtered through a prism of localism. Throughout the Catholic world, individual communities sought to preserve their traditional, home-grown institutions and customs, often by imaginatively adapting the new norms to suit local requirements. The existence of a complex relationship between centre and periphery, resting on a process of often tense negotiation and cultural exchange (since it could be a dynamic and not simply a one-way affair) has provided recent historians of Catholic reform with a fresh conceptual polarity, that of local versus universal, to set alongside the more standard dichotomies of popular and elite, official and unofficial or learned and lay religion.

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Pamer, Robert F. J., und Gerold W. Diepolder. „3D geological modelling in Bavaria state-of-the-art at a State Geological Survey“. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 161, Nr. 2 (01.06.2010): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2010/0161-0189.

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44

Ilyichev, Vyacheslav А., Vitaliy I. Kolchunov und Natalya V. Bakaeva. „Principles of area development strategic planning (the case of the free state of Bavaria)“. Vestnik MGSU, Nr. 2 (Februar 2019): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2019.2.158-168.

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Introduction. To accomplish the task of area development a new creative approach, that is urban development connected with the dramatic improvement of the quality of urban development environment, is proposed. In the context of this approach, the study of the experience and practice of area development strategic planning using the example of the Free State of Bavaria as a German region with significant scientific potential and economic strength is of great interest. The purpose of area development strategic planning is the achievement of such a situation when the welfare of the people living in the area increases. Today, in the context of spatial development imbalances, violation of territorial integrity, environmental pollution and other challenges, the development of new cities is an exceptional practice. Materials and methods. The methodological framework of the research is a new conceptual approach to the city planning environment, that is urban development. The methods of the research are: familiarization with relevant regulatory documents of the Federal Republic of Germany and system analysis of urban planning documentation for the accomplishment of the tasks of strategic planning of area development. Results. The specifics of the area planning in Germany including specifics of area comprehensive development (types, purposes, objectives and the content of urban regulatory documents) has been revealed. The analysis of the strategic planning of area development in Bavaria performed in terms of urban development principles shows that the emphasis in the development is on the historical value of settlements. Special attention is paid to the redevelopment of industrial and transport zones. Elements of Smart City are employed in the area management. Conclusions. The experience of strategic planning of area development using the example of the Free State of Bavaria can be helpful for practice of regulating the process of area development in Russia.

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Stern, Marc D., und James E. Wood. „Readings on Church & State: Selections from the Journal of Church and State“. Journal of Law and Religion 8, Nr. 1/2 (1990): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1051341.

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46

Ward, Kevin. „Series on Church and State: Eating and Sharing: Church and State in Uganda“. Journal of Anglican Studies 3, Nr. 1 (Juni 2005): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740355305052827.

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ABSTRACTThe article explores the complexities of church-state relations in Uganda, with particular reference to the two dominant churches: the Anglican Church of Uganda (the Protestants) and the Roman Catholic Church. Together the two churches include some 80 per cent of Ugandans. Since the beginnings of Christianity in the late nineteenth century, the rivalry between the two communions has had political implications, with the Anglican Church perceived as constituting a quasi-establishment and the Catholics as lacking political clout. In local discourse, ‘eating’ refers to the enjoyment of political power; ‘sharing’ to the expectation of inclusion. The article looks at the attempt to overcome sectarian politics, and the Christian witness of both churches in the face of state oppression and violence.

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Sofronov, Konstantin. „Political Situation and Ideological Background in Bavaria on the Eve of the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923“. ISTORIYA 14, Nr. 12-2 (134) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840029663-8.

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The purpose of the article is to determinate the ideological platforms of various political forces in Bavaria in 1923 before the Hitler putsch. The study considers movements of an all-German nature, rooted in the situation of 1918/1919, and local South German initiatives related to the peculiarities of the geographical location of the region and contradictions with the federal center. The novelty of this study lies in a clear categorization of various political groups with the creation of conditions for a thorough study of the process of participation of military circles in the vicissitudes of the state crisis of 1923. The complex of existing contradictions manifested itself most clearly in Bavaria, which became a refuge for a large number of paramilitary organizations, the legitimacy of which was in question. Tensions were also observed in relations between the regional and all-German Reichswehr, which were formally a single structure. The involvement of archival materials allows us to make a conclusion about the strong regional isolation of Bavaria and the orientation of local political groups towards neighboring countries.

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Zumbrunnen, Thomas, Kurosch Thuro und Sebald König. „Dealing with natural hazards along federal and state roads in Bavaria“. Geomechanics and Tunnelling 10, Nr. 1 (Februar 2017): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/geot.201600072.

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49

Haines, David. „Christian Citizens in a Democratic State: Is a True Separation of Church and State Really Possible?“ Religions 15, Nr. 3 (21.02.2024): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15030262.

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In many North American Protestant circles, especially those with Baptist or Free Church roots, the notion of the total separation of church and state is presented as the ideal to be attained in all church and state relations. We are told that the state should have no legislative power to ordain anything in relation to church doctrine or practice, and that the church should be entirely excluded from all political, secular, or state actions. In this paper, we are going to suggest that such an approach to church–state relations (even though some might think that it flows from or is necessary for democracy) is, in fact, impossible in a true democracy. We will first consider the nature of the church and the state, and present three principles that Maritain suggests are first principles in this debate. We will then look at the classical notion of the “Citizen”. We will conclude by arguing that based upon the nature of a citizen, of the church, and of the state, a strict separation of church and state is, in fact, impossible.

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Aigbe, Sunday A. „Church and State in Nigeria“. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2, Nr. 1 (1990): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis199021/211.

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This article examines the Christian factor as it relates to the socio-political responsibility and development in Nigeria, and postulates that the Churches in Nigeria fall into two major categories in relation to the state: Identificationism and Isolationism. The study contends that in order to adequately assess the specific roles the Churches play in nation-building, an institutional and functional definition of the Church is necessary. It concludes that the Churches do have a role to play in shaping the future of a nation, including prophetic referee, historico-cultural integrator, moral role model, social mobilizer, and spiritual and vocational mentor.

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