Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Chron.: 1698“

Abstract: In 1709, the French painter Élisabeth-Sophie Chéron (1648–1711) designed a print after an engraved carnelian held in Louis XIV's collection and known as "Michelangelo's Seal" for its supposed previous owner. Soon after its 1710 release in Paris, this print prompted a quarrel between Chéron and antiquarian scholars who condemned her unfaithful reproduction of the prized gem, a judgment later reiterated by the connoisseur Pierre-Jean Mariette in his Traité des pierres gravées (1750). While previous studies of "Michelangelo's Seal" have discussed the negative reception encountered by Chéron's print, this essay examines how she formulated the image in the first place. Following recent interest in the role of prints in shaping early modern forms of intermediality, the essay treats the 1709 print as a résumé of Chéron's prior achievements in painting and poetry. I adopt a Benjaminian hermeneutic of translation to analyze the artist's visual strategies and engagement with two of the meanings ascribed to engraved gems in her time: their monumentality as cultural remnants of antiquity and their use as seal-stones. I argue that Chéron tailored her translation of "Michelangelo's Seal" according to her skills and status as an active member of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture since 1672. Moreover, in the process, she subverted not only the intended status of female members of that institution, but also broader, gendered norms of artistic creativity.

В статье рассматриваются результаты копрологического и патологоанатомического исследований фекалий собак из районов Ошской и Нарынской областей Кыргызской Республики. В Ошской области установлена пораженность собак яйцами Taenia species (Taenia sp.): при копрологическом исследовании – 10,3±1,2%, при патологоанатомическом вскрытии – 24±4,1%. В Ошской области из 104 обследованных собак Echinococcus granulosus были инвазированы 10,5%, а Echinococcus multilocularis – 13,4%. Наиболее пораженными E. granulosus оказались собаки из сел Сары-Таш и Чон Кара-Кол Алайского района, где инвазированность животных составила 33,3% и 12,5% соответственно, и в селе Кашка-Cуу Чон-Алайского района – 14,5%. В Нарынской области – при копрологическом исследовании фекалий установлена пораженность собак яйцами Taenia sp. – 9,6%, при патологоанатомическом вскрытии – 47,5%. Во всех обследованных населенных пунктах был обнаружен E. multilocularis: ПГТ Ат-Башы, с. Баш-Кайынды, с. Ача-Кайынды - по 40%, с. Таш-Башат - 50%, г. Нарын - 33,3%. Выявлены синантропные очаги альвеококкоза. Макалада Кыргыз Республикасынын Ош жана Нарын облустарынан алынган ит заңынын копрологиялык жана патоанатомиялык изилдөөлөрүнүн натыйжалары талкууланат. Ош облусунда Taenia species (Taenia sp.) түрүнүн жумурткалары бар иттердин жабыркашы аныкталган: копрологиялык изилдөөдө-10,3±1,2%, патологоанатомиялык аутопсияда- 24±4,1%. Ош облусунда текшерилген 104 баш иттин 10,5% Echinococcus granulosus, 13,4% Echinococcus multilocularis ылаңы менен жабыркаган. E. granulosus менен Алай районунун Сары-Таш жана Чоң Кара-Кол айылдарынын иттери эң көп жабыркаган, аларда малдын ылаңдоосу 33,3%дан жана 12,5%ды түзсө, ал эми Чоң-Алай районунун Кашка-Суу айылында – 14,5%ды түздү. Нарын облусунда – иттердин заңын копрологиялык изилдөөдө Taenia sp. түрүнү жумурткалары менен - 9,6% иттер, патологоанатомиялык аутопсияда - 47,5% иттен аныкталды. E. multilocularis бардык изилденген калктуу конуштарда табылган: Ат-Башы шаар тибиндеги айылчадан, Баш-Кайыңды, Ача-Кайыңды – 40%, Таш-Башат айылдарынан – 50%, Нарын шаарынан – 33,3%. Альвеококкоздун синантроптук чордондору аныкталган. The article discusses the results of scatological and pathoanatomical studies of dog feces from the districts of the Osh and Naryn regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. In the Osh region, the incidence of Taenia species (Taenia sp.): eggs in dogs was established: during a scatological examination – 10.3±1.2%, during a postmortem autopsy – 24±4.1%. In Osh region, out of 104 examined dogs, 10.5% were infested with Echinococcus granulosus, and 13.4% with Echinococcus multilocularis. The most affected by E. granulosus were dogs from the villages of Sary-Tash and Chon Kara-Kol of the Alai region, where the infestation of animals was 33.3% and 12.5%, respectively, and in the village of Kashka-Suu of the Chon-Alai region - 14.5%. In the Naryn region, a scatological examination of feces revealed the infestation of dogs with Taenia sp. eggs – 9.6%, with a postmortem autopsy – 47.5%. E. multilocularis was found in all surveyed settlements: p. Bash-Kaiyndy, At-Bashy urban-type settlement, Acha-Kaiyndy village - 40% each, Tash-Bashat village - 50%, Naryn city - 33.3%. Synanthropic foci of alveococcosis were revealed.

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common pathology among other rheumatic diseases. Chronic inflammation, prolonged pain, early disability of patients - all these factors contribute to the development of depressive and cognitive disorders in this category of patients. Still, the mechanisms of these disorders remain poorly understood. Recently, the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as one of the factors of cognitive and depressive disorders in various pathological conditions has been widely discussed in the literature.ObjectivesTo study cognitive and depressive disorders in RA patients and their association with serum BDNF levels.Methods79 women with RA, aged 21 to 74 years, on average (M ± SD) 48.7 ± 10.2 were examined. Diagnosis RA was established according to EULAR / ACR criteria (2010). Patients’ cognitive function was assessed by the MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination). The presence and severity of depression were determined by the QIDS-SR16 (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report). Serum BDNF was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using standard BDNF Quantikine ELISA kits (R&B Systems, USA). The control group consisted of 30 age matched healthy women.ResultsIt was found that the level of BDNF in the serum of women with RA was 1.5 times higher than in healthy individuals and was 16.8 ± 10.8 ng/ml and 11.32 ± 4.89 ng/ml, respectively. Cognitive disorders (MMSE ˂28 points) were registered in the majority (78.5%) of patients with RA, while in the control group, there were only 10%. The mean MMSE values in RA patients and the control group were 27.2 ± 1.45 and 29.1 ± 0.99, respectively. Depressive disorders (QIDS-SR16 ≥ 6 points) were reported in 53% of patients, while in the control group, it was 3.3%. It was found that depressive disorders in RA patients were associated with BDNF levels (r = 0.208; p˂0.05) and age (r = 0.159; p˂0.05). There was no significant association between BDNF levels and MMSE in RA patients. In the control group it was found negative correlation (-0.257; p <0.05). We found also close negative correlation between MMSE and age in patients with RA (r = -0.689; p˂0.001). A significant relation with age was also registered in the healthy group (r = -0.257; p˂0.05).ConclusionPatients with RA had an increased level of BDNF compared with the control group. Most of them had cognitive and depressive disorders. Depressive disorders in RA patients are associated with higher levels of BDNF in the blood and with age. No association of cognitive impairment with BDNF has been established in patients. Cognitive disorders in RA patients are most closely associated with age. Moderate association between MMSE and BDNF levels was established in control group.References[1]Cheon, Y. H., Lee, S. G., Kim, M., Kim, H. O., Suh, Y. S., Park, K. S., & Lee, S. I. (2018). The association of disease activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and neurotrophic factors with depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 73, 274-281.[2]Pedard, M., Quirié, A., Tessier, A., Garnier, P., Totoson, P., Demougeot, C., & Marie, C. (2021). A reconciling hypothesis centered on brain-derived neurotrophic factor to explain neuropsychiatric manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology, 60 (4), 1608-1619.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

Background: Candida are the fourth most common species causing urinary tract infections. The last two decades has shown rapid increase in Candida associated UTI along with change in its distribution. The indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs, especially azole group have contributed in emergence of resistant strains of Candida. Biofilm producing property of Candida also contributes to antifungal resistance. Aims and objectives was to detect the occurrence of Candida as causative agent of UTI and a potent bio film producer. The susceptibility of Candida to antifungal drugs and their correlation with the production of bio film and presence of Foleys catheter was also determined.Methods: A total of 4192 urine specimens were analysed. Candida species isolated from urine samples were characterized using CHROM agar, sugar assimilation tests and micro morphology on corn meal agar. The antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by modified disc diffusion method on MHA with two drugs; fluconazole 25µg, and voriconazole 1µg discs. The biofilm production capability was tested according to the protocol proposed by Branchini et al.Results: Out of 113 Candida species isolated, 16.8% were Candida albicans as compared to 83.2% non albicans, with Candida tropicalis as the most common species. Antimicrobial sensitivity by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method showed 74.3 % of Candida isolates to be fluconazole sensitive while sensitivity to voriconazole was 100%. 60.2% of Candida were biofilm producers out of which 48.5 % were from urine samples of catheterized patients. Similarly, 26.4 % of fluconazole resistant strains were also biofilm producers.Conclusions: The increased incidence of Non albicans candiduria which are also biofilm producers and resistant to commonly used drug fluconazole is a matter of concern. Therefore, the species identification of Candida isolates along with their antifungal susceptibility pattern should be routinely performed to help the clinicians in better treating the patients with candiduria.

Objective.To analyze the course and outcomes of pregnancies in women at high risk of fetal chro-mosomal abnormalities, preeclampsia, fetal growth retardation, and preterm birth according to the results of prenatal screening. Patients and methods. This prospective study included 443 women with singleton pregnancies. Study participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 included women at high risk of complica-tions (n = 235), while Group 2 (control) comprised women at low risk of gestational complications (n = 208). Patients in Group 1 were further subdivided into 4 subgroups: subgroup 1A included women at risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities (CA) (n = 69); subgroup 1B included women at risk of preeclampsia (PE) (n = 66); subgroup 1C included women at risk of fetal growth retardation (FGR) (n = 48); and subgroup 1D included women at risk of preterm birth (PB) (n = 52). Confirmed chromosomal abnormalities were considered as an exclusion criterion. Results. Threatened miscarriage (TM) and bleeding in the first trimester were significantly more common in patients from Group 1. In the second trimester, the risk of TM was increased among women from subgroups 1A, 1B, 1C, and particularly 1D. In the third trimester, we observed sig-nificant differences in the frequency of FGR between group 1 (subgroups 1A, 1С, 1D) and controls. In subgroups 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D, the incidence of PE and FGR was higher in patients who did not receive aspirin. The frequency of threatened PB was higher in subgroups 1B, 1C, and 1D compared to Group 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. High prenatal risk of fetal CA should be considered as a risk factor for PB, TM, FGR, and PE. Key words: prenatal screening, chromosomal abnormalities, preeclampsia, fetal growth retarda-tion, preterm birth, pregnancy, perinatal risk

This chapter explores the ways in which visual representations both succeeded and failed as instruments of knowledge. It opens with an account of a dissertation about methods of learning with mnemonic printed images that appeared in a revised edition in 1731 and was authored by Siegmund Jacob Apin (1693–1732). The first part of this treatise refers to key pedagogical visual representations of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, including the works of Jan Amos Comenius (1592–1670), Johannes Buno (1617–1697), Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564), and Leonard Fuchs (1501–1566). Among the philosophical prints discussed by Apin are the illustrated thesis prints of Meurisse, Chéron, and Gaultier. In the second part of the dissertation, Apin presents criticisms of mnemonic images. Apin's dissertation allows us to appreciate both the early modern interest in epistemological visual representations and some of the reasons for the demise of the philosophical plural image over the course of the 1700s.