Dissertationen zum Thema „Chromatographie d'exclusion de taiille“
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Figueiredo, Isabel De. „Early Detection of Parkinson's Disease through Microfluidics and Ion Mobility - Mass Spectrometry Integration“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlpha-synuclein is a critical biomarker for Parkinson's disease, however its early detection is challenging due to its low abundance and intrinsically disordered protein nature. The development of early diagnostic methods relies heavily on understanding and differentiating the structural characteristics of native alpha-synuclein versus its pathological forms, as these variations provide valuable insights into disease onset and progression. This Ph.D. thesis, investigates the conformational landscape of alpha-synuclein and explores techniques to capture and concentrate this protein without disrupting its structure. Two types of microfluidic devices are presented: the first device integrates a micro-immunopurification module optimized for alpha-synuclein capture and a micro-size exclusion chromatography module designed for desalting and buffer exchange to facilitate coupling with Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Additionally, an integrated 2-in-1 chip combines these modules into a single platform, streamlining the workflow for enhanced efficiency and accuracy in alpha-synuclein analysis. The coupling of these microfluidic devices with the Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry advances the structural characterization of alpha-synuclein, contributing to the development of early diagnostic methods by enabling the differentiation between native and pathological forms of the protein
Cherrak, Djamel Eddine. „Les effets de la viscosite en chromatographie d'exclusion sterique“. Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA114840.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoussaoui, Mohsen. „Diffusion des macromolecules fluorescentes dans les gels de chromatographie d'exclusion“. Orléans, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ORLE2015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZuber, Martin. „Caractérisation par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique en milieu aqueux de l'héparine, mucopolysaccharide naturel anticoagulant“. Paris 13, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA132007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMERIENNE, STEPHANIE. „Apport de la chromatographie d'exclusion sterique dans la caracterisation des produits amylaces“. Reims, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REIMS012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFOUCAULT, FREDERIC. „Developpement des techniques de multi-detection : caracterisation de polymeres en chromatographie d'exclusion sterique“. Le Mans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LEMA1012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMouflou, Zoubida. „Reseaux polymeres hydrophiles : synthese et application en chromatographie d'exclusion sterique en milieu aqueux“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13150.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMouflou, Zoubida. „Réseaux polymères hydrophiles synthèse et application en chromatographie d'exclusion stérique en milieu aqueux /“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608263r.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDegoulet, Christophe. „Taille et forme de macromolecules en solutions diluees : apport de la chromatographie d'exclusion sterique“. Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066542.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaechling-Strasser, Clarisse. „Preparation d'interfaces non adsorbantes pour les macromolecules hydrosolubles. Application a la chromatographie d'exclusion sterique haute pression“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaechling-Strasser, Clarisse. „Préparation d'interfaces non adsorbantes pour les macromolécules hydrosolubles application à la chromatographie d'exclusion stérique haute pression /“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617773d.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDucouret, Guylaine. „Fractionnement des asphaltènes par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique : caractérisation des fractions par diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles“. Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066348.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDucouret, Guylaine. „Fractionnement des asphaltènes par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique caractérisation des fractions par diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles /“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376046736.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXIE, JIANRONG. „Contribution a la caracterisation de petits polymeres par chromatographie d'exclusion sterique. Application a des additifs d'huiles lubrifiantes“. Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066761.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOUSALEM, MOHAND. „Developpements en chromatographie d'exclusion sterique preparative et en diffusion de la lumiere en vue de l'etude des interactions pectine-calcium en milieu dilue“. Le Mans, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LEMA1012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJerosch, Heike. „Evaluation de l'état de dégradation de la cellulose/holocellulose dans différents types de papiers par chromatographie d'exclusion stérile“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS011V.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEsakkimuthu, Esakkiammal Sudha. „Etude de nouvelles techniques de dérivation chimique de la lignine en vue de l'analyse par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02612598.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth and it consists of highly-branched, three dimensional aromatic structures with variety of functional groups, mainly phenolic and alcoholic functions. This research work was focused on derivatization methods to quantify hydroxyl groups in lignins and to determine lignin molar mass distribution by size-exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-detectors. Five different technical lignins were studied: Protobind 1000, Organosolv (CIMV), Pine Kraft, Eucalyptus Kraft and Indulin. Lignin samples were washed and derivatized by classical acetylation, which was compared to fluoro-derivatization using the new methods developed in this work, such as fluorobenzylation and fluorobenzoylation. Hydroxyl groups present in the lignin samples were quantified by potentiometric and conductometric titrations, GC-aminolysis, IR and differential UV spectroscopies and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 19F and 31P). Molar mass distributions of derivatized lignins were calculated using different columns and solvents (DMAc and THF). Conventional calibration, using different standard polymers as calibrants, was compared to the so-called “universal calibration method”, which uses viscometric and refractometric detectors. Fluoro-derivatization enhanced lignin solubility in THF and improved chromatographic results. Universal calibration led to about three times higher molar mass values than by conventional calibration
Volet, Gisèle. „Etude de polymeres hydrosolubles par chromatographie d'exclusion sterique couplee a la viscosimetrie et a la diffusion de la lumiere“. Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066714.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarot, Gilles. „Étude de la caractérisation par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique des polyamides et de nouveaux copolymères séquences industriels : polyéther bloc-amide (PEBA)“. Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066295.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarot, Gilles. „Etude de la caractérisation par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique des polyamides et de nouveaux copolymères séquencés industriels polyéther bloc-amide (PEBA)“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375994606.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZoonens, Manuela. „Caractérisation des complexes formés entre le domaine transmembranaire de la protéine OMPA et des polymères amphiphiles, les amphipols : application à l'étude structurale des protéines membranaires par RMN à haute résolution“. Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066415.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCastignolles, Patrice. „Cinétique de la polymérisation radicalaire des acrylates par polymérisation par LASER pulsé et chromatographie d'exclusion stérique multi-détection (PLP-SEC) : analyse critique“. Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSilvestre, Marialice Pinto Coelho. „Nouvelles méthodes d'étude de la composition d'hydrolysats de caséine (cuprimétrie, spectrophotométrie, chromatographie d'exclusion stérique) : application à l'estimation de leur teneur en di- et tripeptides“. Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114820.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRuysschaert, Tristan. „Nanocapsules fonctionnalisées“. Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNature has created and optimized wonderful tools unmatched to date by classical chemistry. For example, liposomes are self-assembled tools with nanometer-sized compartments, targeted to specific sites and able to release their content or to perform specific actions. Here in this work we investigate inasmuch the self-assembled liposomes can be modified to be used in material science. The first approach was to replace the lipids by membrane forming tri-block-polymers. For example, the amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymer (PMOXA-PDMS-PMOXA) forms different structures among vesicles to as we have shown, spongic phases. The latter has the very exiting property to mix slowly with liposomes to form mixed polymer/lipid vesicles. We have characterised this nanocontainer by microcalorimetry , light scattering, we reconstituted membrane proteins and encapsulated enzymes. A second tool is to coat liposomes with polyelectrolytes using the layer-by-layer technique. A natural polyelectrolyte polymer (DNA) has been grafted then polymerized on a liposome surface in order to cover and to protect them. The biologically controlled polymerization (by enzymes), with complex parameters of hybridization (pairing of bases A/T and G/C) is an innovative technique in the field of the "supra molecular self-assembly"
Claveranne-Lamolère, Céline. „Evaluation et caractérisation des interactions colloïdes-actinides dans les sols par une approche multi-technique : exemple de l'uranium en milieu carbonaté“. Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to assess the fate of actinides in the environment, it is essential to identify the interactions between actinides and soil components. In the case of problems connected to the nuclear industry (deep geologic storage, dismantling and environmental monitoring of nuclear sites), the purpose of this study was to characterize the uranium-colloids interactions by on-line fractionation multi-detection methods. The main advantage here is to supply a lot of information on the uranium distribution within the various colloidal populations. By varying the keys-parameters of a batch leaching protocol, different scenarios potentially implied in the colloidal mobilization of uranium were studied. Each sample collected was also characterized and their size (hydrodynamic and gyration radius), their nature as well as the uranium concentration carried by colloids were determined. The mechanisms of the uranium-colloids interactions were also studied
Breitenstein, Johann. „Application de la chromatographie d'exclusion stérique multi-détection à l'étude de la spéciation de la matière organique dissoute en milieu estuarien et côtier Measuring dissolved organic matter in estuarine and marine waters: size-exclusion chromatography with various detection methods, in Environmental Chemistry 15(7), October 2018“. Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most important vector of carbon to the ocean.However, DOM is deeply altered during its transit through estuarine waters and its residence time in Coastal waters. The purpose of this thesis is to bring new insights on the DOM composition, role in biogeochemical cycles during land-sea transfer and fate in Coastal areas. DOM analysis was performed with a global and semi-specific tool: size-exclusion chromatography multi-detection (SEC-mDEC), which allow the separation of DOM into six size fractions of different nature. Dynamics of these compounds are studied seasonally in the Aulne estuary and the bay of Brest. The coupling between SEC-mDEC and 3D fluorescence was studied in the estuary.Initially design for freshwater analysis, the adapted SEC-mDEC for estuarine and marine water analyses permitted the demonstration that DOM is involved in several biogeochemical processes. In the Aulne estuary, DOM tracks the contribution of both riverine and marine sources. Substantial changes are made to the DOM by microorganisms and flocculation processes upstream. In the Bay of Brest, ail fractions enable to design a reactivity continuum from the bacterial degradation of the phytoplanktonic bloom.Results demonstrate that the single use of the global dissolved organic carbon is not enough to constrain DOM dynamic in the land-sea continuum
Dubuis, Alexis. „Déformulation de matrices complexes : vers une méthodologie raisonnée adaptée aux matrices issues des procédés de valorisation de la biomasse“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1228/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and biosourced molecules produces complex thermosensitive liquid matrices which cover a wide range of polarity and molecular weight. Analytical tools developed in the literature only give a partial description of these oxygenated matrices. To understand the reactivity of these samples and optimize the development of conversion processes, a better characterization is required. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the interest of a relevant fractionation step prior to separation techniques to help the molecular characterization of biomass samples. The reverse engineering proposed for the sample is desired complete and chemically controlled (without loss or sample modification). Two fractionation pathways were investigated: (1) solubility fractionation with liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and (2) size fractionation with size exclusion chromatography (SEC). These techniques intend to be complementary to reversed-phase liquid chromatography hyphenated to ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy detection and high resolution mass spectrometry (RPLC-UV/HRMS). LLE, CPC and SEC methods were developed on model molecules to understand mechanisms involved and control the chemical selectivity. 2D contour plots were obtained, improving the resolving power and structuring chromatograms in comparison with RPLC-UV/HRMS. Then, SECxRPLC-UV/MS and CPCxRPLC-UV/MS hyphenations were applied to describe two complex samples from different substrates produced on experimental pilot units from two possible conversion pathways of lignocellulosic biomass (biochemical and thermochemical). The complementarity of separation modes allows to double the number of peaks detected, benefiting from the chemical organization of compounds. This constitute a support to identification also enhanced by multi-detection which provide additional structural information on compound detected, especially HRMS. Chemical organization in 2D contour plots were presented and discussed to propose the most adapted strategy to fully fractionate a sample based on the measurement of relevant descriptors. Finally, one of the fractionation approach developed in this thesis was used to isolate and structurally elucidate key molecules of a complex sample through MS fragmentation experiments and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)
Morgado, Lopes André. „Reactive transport through nanoporous materials“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0560/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims to study the complex behaviors of asphaltenes within the hydrotreatment catalytic porous system including transport properties and adsorption. Inverse size-exclusion chromatography (ISEC) and impedance spectroscopy are used to determine the topological characteristics of different alumina porous solids (porosity, pore size, tortuosity). The effective diffusion coefficient of polystyrenes of different sizes was studied via chromatography in non-adsorbing conditions. Elution peaks are used to determine the effect of molecule size on the accessible pore volume and the transport properties therein: molecules of relatively small sizes penetrate further into the porous medium, thus taking more time to navigate the chromatographic setup, while larger molecules traverse much faster, through the macroporosity. The liquid chromatography technique is divided in two different methods. Both methods yield diffusion coefficient values which are modelled, predicting the behavior of molecules of any size. Columns were assembled manually from alumina powders or monoliths. A synthesized asphaltene model molecule was used and its adsorption behavior was determined and compared to an asphaltene fraction recovered from crude oil. The asphaltene model molecule shows a dimerization behavior as well as extremely strong interactions with the alumina surface. Dynamic method was attempted in short alumina columns at saturation conditions and an apparent influence of the flow rate on the extent and mechanics of adsorption was observed
Ghislain, Thierry. „Nature, origine et réactivité de la matière organique fossile dans les sols et sédiments : développements et applications de la photoionisation - spectrométrie de masse haute résolution (APPI-QTOF) et couplage avec la chromatograhie d'exclusion stérique (SEC)“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10070/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of analytical tools for organic geochemistry analysis has increased these past years. This development has allowed answering many questions about organic matter composition. However, many issues remain to be clarified including the characterization of high molecular weight fractions and monitoring the reactivity of organic matter. This thesis has focused on both (i) existing method improvements for fossil organic geochemistry analysis but also on (ii) developing a new type of coupling between the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and the APPI-QTOF mass spectrometry for high molecular weight weakly polar fractions. Adjustments on APPI-QTOF mass spectrometry have allowed a better understanding of polyaromatic organic contaminant reactivity in presence of mineral matrices. The success of this coupling has allowed a better understanding of the structure of asphaltenes. However despite the "simplification" obtained by the SEC, the large amount of information remains difficult to interpret and time-consuming. A mathematical model has been developed based on numerical and statistical analysis of mass spectra, allowing direct comparison of mass spectra and being able to identify several types of information such as origins of samples, monitoring of physico-chemical processes and also the efficiency of soil recovery treatments as well as the identification of analytical protocols
Souaid, Eddy. „De la chimie prébiotique à l'élaboration de nanomatériaux : synthèse et caractérisation de poly-lysines dendrimère greffés“. Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20230.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhen copolymerizing -aminoacids-NCA in water at pH 6. 5, the formation of hydrosoluble copolypeptides was observed. That proves that the concept described by the primary pump for peptide synthesis is valid. During the copolymerization, the competitive formation of hydrophobic peptides with narrow molar mass distribution was observed. These peptides can be easily separated from the reaction medium. In the second part of this work, we used this observation for synthesizing original nanomaterials with auto-controlled structures (namely the dendrigraft polylysines, DGPK). The auto-control of the structure and the reproducibility in the synthesis were ensured the hydrophobicity and the precipitation of the intermediate compounds obtained at each generation. The DGPK were characterized by different techniques such as MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography coupled to a double or a triple detection, NMR, and Taylor diffusion analysis. DGPK are highly branched materials with physico-chemical behaviour close to dendrimers of functionality 3 (exponential growth of the molar mass and linear variation of the hydrodynamic radius with the generation, maximum of intrinsic viscosity for the fourth generation)
Le, Minh Thang. „Approches analytiques pour l'analyse et la caractérisation d'anticorps thérapeutiques dégradés : intérêt de la spectrométrie de masse en mode non-dénaturant“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS567.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleManufacturing and manipulation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in the hospital before administration to patient is prone to induce their physical degradations (e.g., denaturation, aggregation). This may impact their efficacy and safety. To study the stability of mAbs, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), coupled to native mass spectrometry (MS) have been developed. CZE-native MS method using a triple-layer coating was developed to detect and separate different conformational states (unfolded monomer, dimer) of Infliximab in a single analysis. In-depth study with digested infliximab confirmed that dimer formation was related to the Fab fragment. We also focused on covalent coatings in order to find the more adapted coating to analyze mAbs by CZE-UV and CZE-MS. We also developed for SEC a simultaneous coupling with MS and a fluorescence detector to detect the degraded mAbs. We have identified the biases inducing conformational changes (e.g. dimerization, denaturation) that may arise during native MS. We also successfully characterized aggregates and denatured monomer in stressed Trastuzumab sample. In addition, the orthogonal method SEC-ion mobility-MS has been employed to separate and measure the denatured monomers compared to their related native conformations. Moreover, the developed system enables the detection of a very low levels of degraded mAbs in infusion bags. It allows to define the critical parameters to be controlled during the reconstitution and manipulation of therapeutic mAbs in hospital
Barakat, Hala. „Effet de la stérilisation par éléctrons accélérés sur les COC et sur l'impact des interactions avec des molécules actives“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936342.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWang, Chen. „Etude comparative des matériaux de garnissage dans les réacteurs de filtration pour l’assainissement non collectif“. Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0058/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe onsite wastewater treatment systems concern 12 to 15 million of people in France. The treatment plant is generally composed by a septic tank as pretreatment, followed by soil infiltration field or sand filtration bed. The vertical drained sand filter provides the purification capacity thanks to the presence of a biomass in form of the biofilm. The dynamic of the biomass growth or the biofilm development is under the impact of filter materials’ nature. In this context, the objective of this work is to understand the mechanisms involved and especially the impact of medium in the functioning of the filtration reactor by comparing two types of packing materials: river sands and crushed aggregates. For this purpose, an experimental study is conducted with pilot unity composed by filtration reactors of 30cm of diameter and different packing thicknesses (15, 30 and 70cm). The reactors packed with two river sands and two crushed aggregates are fed with septic effluent with a volumic hydraulic charge of 12cm/day by 10 batches per day. Based on a characterization of materials, a study of purification performance with biochemical components monitoring of the total biomass and the extracellular matrix of the biofilm is realized by comparing two types of filter materials. The purification performance has presented similar efficiencies of particulates and organic matters removals by fine river sand and fine crushed aggregate. The nitrogen pollutants removals are more effective in the fine river sand which presents the finest granulometry with an alternative of aerobic and anoxic phases along the reactor depth and with a biomass more abundant. The distribution and the quality of the total biomass and the extracellular matrix differentiate between the river sand and the crushed aggregates. As the reference material, the fine river sand presented an earlier stabilization of total biomass growth with a less important production of extracellular exudates compared to the crushed aggregates. The origin of impacts brought by the crushed aggregates might be due to the higher fine particles content which created microenvironments poor in substrates or in oxygen and also due to a more heterogeneous mineralogy. The extracellular components of highest percentage in the biofilm of crushed aggregate are polysaccharides type substances
Adusei-Gyamfi, Junias. „Caractérisation de la matière organique naturelle (MON) et de ses complexes formés avec des éléments traces métalliques dans des filières de potabilisation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUR010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNatural organic matter (NOM), present in waters poses severe challenges to all stages of drinking water treatment. A disturbing phenomenon is the rapid changes in the quantity and quality of NOM observed recently, which necessitates the adaptation of drinking water treatment processes. This worrying trend gave birth to the Interreg DOC2C's Project which sought to investigate the possibility of improved NOM removal from surface waters through innovative, knowledge and research based methods. The goal of this study was to provide an innovative technique for the characterization of NOM and its complexes with trace metals. This study was performed with the help of a size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with spectral detectors (UV and Fluorescence) and an elementary detector (ICP-MS). The developed methodology was applied to both pilot and full-scale drinking water treatment plants to monitor the evolution of NOM during treatment and the potential formation of disinfection by products (DBPs). The humic substance fraction of NOM which is known to be more hydrophobic contributed most to DBP formation while the LMW and hydrophilic fractions contributed least. After humic substance removal, the decrease in DBP formation was related to the removal of building blocks. In quantifying NOM removal efficiency of pilot water treatment plant, coagulation process removes almost all biopolymers, 38% of humic substances and 17% of low molecular weight (LMW) substances, with little impact on building blocks. Suspended ion exchange resin eliminates 75% of humic substances, 70% of building blocks, 78% of LMW acids and 81% of LMW neutrals, while ultrafiltration on ceramic membranes seems to have had only a small impact on biopolymers. The results obtained from the spectral detectors were compared with that of a carbon detector (LC-OCD). The composition of the biopolymer fraction was shown to be made up for protein-like components responsible for its tryptophan-like fluorescence. The complexing properties of the different fractions of NOM was also studied after separation by size. The elemental detector helped in demonstrating the preferred fraction(s) for metal complexation. For instance, whereas Cu complexed with all NOM fractions, Zn and Pb preferred to be complexed with the building blocks. Complexation and competition of the trace metals at different NOM fractions were also observed. An innovative quantitative method was also developed by calibrating the LC-ICP-MS with EDTA and the method confirmed using organic matter standards (SRHA, SRFA) for the ligands and Cu, Mn and Zn standard solutions
Adusei-Gyamfi, Junias. „Caractérisation de la matière organique naturelle (MON) et de ses complexes formés avec des éléments traces métalliques dans des filières de potabilisation“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNatural organic matter (NOM), present in waters poses severe challenges to all stages of drinking water treatment. A disturbing phenomenon is the rapid changes in the quantity and quality of NOM observed recently, which necessitates the adaptation of drinking water treatment processes. This worrying trend gave birth to the Interreg DOC2C's Project which sought to investigate the possibility of improved NOM removal from surface waters through innovative, knowledge and research based methods. The goal of this study was to provide an innovative technique for the characterization of NOM and its complexes with trace metals. This study was performed with the help of a size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with spectral detectors (UV and Fluorescence) and an elementary detector (ICP-MS). The developed methodology was applied to both pilot and full-scale drinking water treatment plants to monitor the evolution of NOM during treatment and the potential formation of disinfection by products (DBPs). The humic substance fraction of NOM which is known to be more hydrophobic contributed most to DBP formation while the LMW and hydrophilic fractions contributed least. After humic substance removal, the decrease in DBP formation was related to the removal of building blocks. In quantifying NOM removal efficiency of pilot water treatment plant, coagulation process removes almost all biopolymers, 38% of humic substances and 17% of low molecular weight (LMW) substances, with little impact on building blocks. Suspended ion exchange resin eliminates 75% of humic substances, 70% of building blocks, 78% of LMW acids and 81% of LMW neutrals, while ultrafiltration on ceramic membranes seems to have had only a small impact on biopolymers. The results obtained from the spectral detectors were compared with that of a carbon detector (LC-OCD). The composition of the biopolymer fraction was shown to be made up for protein-like components responsible for its tryptophan-like fluorescence. The complexing properties of the different fractions of NOM was also studied after separation by size. The elemental detector helped in demonstrating the preferred fraction(s) for metal complexation. For instance, whereas Cu complexed with all NOM fractions, Zn and Pb preferred to be complexed with the building blocks. Complexation and competition of the trace metals at different NOM fractions were also observed. An innovative quantitative method was also developed by calibrating the LC-ICP-MS with EDTA and the method confirmed using organic matter standards (SRHA, SRFA) for the ligands and Cu, Mn and Zn standard solutions
Gerard, Francine. „Caractérisations biophysiques et structurales du complexe de réplication des Rhabdoviridae“. Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343710.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'analyse biophysique montre que P RV & VSV existent sous forme de dimère allongé en solution. L'analyse bioinformatique a révélé une organisation modulaire, confirmé par des études biochimiques et biophysiques de mutants de P RV. La structure du domaine C-terminal de P VSV a été résolue par RMN et montre une homologie celle du C-ter de P RV. La caractérisation de l'interaction entre P et les anneaux N-ARN a révélé l'existence de deux types de complexes N-ARN-P (contenant un et 2 dimères de P par anneau). L'étude par ME des complexes nucléocapsides-P a permis de mettre en évidence un changement de conformation important.
Pour devenir accessible à L, l'ARN viral doit se dissocier localement de N. L'interaction N-ARN-P représente potentiellement une nouvelle cible pour le développement d'antiviraux.