Zeitschriftenartikel: „Chipko movements“

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Mishra, Rashi. „Impact of Non-Violent Resistance in Processing Chipko, The Movement!“ International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Green Technologies 13, Nr. 1 (Januar 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijesgt.289033.

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Use and control over natural resources was the main agenda behind ecological movements in India. Environmental movements brought environmental sensitivity. Uttarakhand has had been a beautiful state but the region remained isolated and unsung for a longer period of time. However, the local organizations and protests linked the region with the rest of the country. The central motivation of the study is to trace out the tactics adopted when hardly any tech-based communication existed to set Chipko as the mass movement. The study is exploratory in nature and data has been gathered using Schedule which has been analyzed via percent analysis. Results of the study approves that Chipko validated nonviolent resistance and brought out unique strategies to sustain the Chipko as the movement. Chipko was a continuation of the old peasant struggle where the population mainly stressed on the group communication.

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Sivaramakrishnan, K., und Haripriya Rangan. „Of Myths and Movements: Rewriting Chipko into Himalayan History“. Environmental History 7, Nr. 2 (April 2002): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3985702.

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3

Reid, Lucy. „Women and the Sacred Earth: Hindu and Christian Ecofeminist Perspectives“. Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 11, Nr. 3 (2007): 305–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853507x230573.

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AbstractWomen's voices within the Christian and Hindu traditions contain theoretical and practical resources for dealing with issues of ecological concern. Hinduism's teachings about Mother Earth and newly crafted eco-feminist theories in Christianity provide a philosophical context for regarding the earth as sacred. The Chipko movement, organized and implemented by local women, prevented the commercial harvesting of lumber and its consequent habitat destruction in India's Uttaranchal Province. In North America, members of Christian women's religious orders have converted many of their properties to organic gardening and teaching centers, and into wildlife sanctuaries. Both movements are providing models for ecological sustainability.

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Rikki Roshan, M., und Femila Alexander. „Environmental Movements in India - A Historical Perspective“. Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 11, S2-Feb (12.02.2024): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v11is2-feb.7434.

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This research paper explores the beginnings, significant turning points, and effects on policy and public awareness of the historical development of environmental movements in India. In India, environmental movements have arisen in reaction to several issues such as land degradation, climate change, industrial pollution, deforestation, and water scarcity. With protests against exploitative forestry practices and dam construction projects during the colonial era, modern environmental activism emerged. Its roots are in India’s rich cultural past, where reverence for nature has been engrained for millennia. Following independence, attention turned to projects fuelled by development, which created tensions between industry and conservation. Notable campaigns against environmental degradation and displacement include the Chipko Movement in the 1970s, in which peasants embraced trees to stop deforestation, and the Narmada Bachao Andolan in the 1980s, which protested against massive dam projects. To fully appreciate the intricacies, motivations, and consequences of environmental movements in India, it is imperative that we first grasp their historical trajectory. This will help us to better shape sustainable development paths for the twenty-first century.

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Coric, Dragana. „Ecofeminism as a way of resolving some environmental issues“. Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, Nr. 148 (2014): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1448551c.

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Women and nature are connected in many different ways: with their biological status, reproductive role, discrimination. That is why ecofeminism stands for one of the main theoretical, philosophical and even practical ways of resolving the environmental problems. The representatives of this thinking find that changing positions and behaviors by leaving the patriarchal approach to everything - to the women and to the nature, can stop the degradation of the environment. Demographic significance of the women?s role, in context of environmental changes, was represented by some feminist movements, as Chipko movement in India, Green Belt movement in Kenya, Love Canal in State of New York, etc. In this paper, the author gives a short overview of connections between women and nature, and proposes some new solutions.

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정채성. „Socio-Economic Characteristics of Environmental Movements in India: With Special Reference to the 'Chipko' and the 'Narmada' Movements“. Journal of Indian Studies 13, Nr. 1 (Mai 2008): 193–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.21758/jis.2008.13.1.193.

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7

Zeng, Ran. „Challenging the Growth Paradigm: A Multifaceted Examination of Development, Disparity, and Environmental Concerns in Modern Economies“. Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 21 (12.12.2023): 929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v21i.14833.

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In the intricate landscape of developmental dynamics, understanding growth requires a deep dive into diverse factors, including urban-rural imbalances, dual economies, environmental ramifications, and gender disparities. Historically, colonial policies often favored urban development, exacerbating rural-urban divides, as seen in movements like Brazil's Landless Workers'. Furthermore, the dichotomy in economic structures elevates societal equity challenges, especially between traditional and modern sectors. As exemplified by India's Chipko movement, the environmental aftermath of colonial resource extraction lingers. The gender discourse has matured, with campaigns such as #MeToo spotlighting workplace equity. China, post-1976, epitomizes the potential and pitfalls of swift industrialization, providing invaluable insights for emerging economies. Given these multifaceted considerations, the essence of growth has become a pivotal research topic today. Dissecting the nuances of development encompasses disparities, regional variances, and environmental hurdles, weaving a complex tapestry that underscores the criticality of comprehensive developmental evaluations. As nations evolve, differences intensify, leading to significant socio-environmental challenges. This essay unravels these complexities, merging historical insights with present-day implications and setting the stage for future discourses in development.

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Raju, S. „The Issues at Stake: An Overview of Gender Concerns in Post-Independence India“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, Nr. 12 (Dezember 1997): 2191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a292191.

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This paper covers several key issues relating to women and gender in post-1947 India. A detailed discussion on the construction of ‘women’ by colonial and anticolonial forces prior to Independence helps place the post-Independence period in context. Because the issues are complex and intertwined, it is argued that in the Indian context the definition of conventional feminism needs to be substantially enlarged to incorporate the vast canvass covered and the role played by women in realising the aspirations of the common people including women. Thus, the author provides some representative case-study materials on Indian women in struggle (Shahada, anti-arrack, and Chipko, etc) while taking care to point out the too common assumption that these, particularly the last one, are or were women's movements. This is followed by an account of how women have been defined as a problem by various Indian plans and how women's issues are so often written around (or under) the state's desire to control female bodies in the name of national population planning. The discussion here maintains a critical edge in bringing together a narrative of Indian planning around ‘women’ with several remarks on (and drawn from) Western and non-Western feminisms.

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Prasad, Archana. „Book Reviews : HARIPRIYA RANGAN, Of Myths and Movements: Rewriting Chipko into Himalayan History, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2000, pp. 272. AKHILESHWAR PATHAK, Laws, Strategies and Ideologies: Legislating Forests in Colonial India, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 185“. Indian Economic & Social History Review 40, Nr. 1 (Januar 2003): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000113.

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Aiyadurai, Ambika, Haripriya Rangan, Amita Baviskar, Sunita Narain und Vasudha Pande. „The Chipko Movement: A People's History“. Conservation and Society 20, Nr. 1 (2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_150_21.

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Mikhel, Irina. „CHIPKO: BREAKING AN ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT IN INDIA“. Vostokovedenie i Afrikanistika, Nr. 3 (2020): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rva/2020.03.01.

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The article examines the formation of the Chipko environmental movement, whose activity in 1980 led to the suspension of long-term deforestation in northern India. The historical connection of Chipko with the campaigns of forest satyagraha, which were widespread in northern India during the struggle for independence, is examined. It is shown what role such Gandhian leaders as Mira Behn and Sarala Behn played in transforming the goals of satyagraha. Attention is drawn to the role of such a women's organization as Sarvodaya Mandal, which has become Chipko's organizational basis. The important organizational and philosophical role of such an environmental movement leader as Sunderlal Bahuguna, who became Chipko's true soul, is shown. The role of Vandana Shiva, which is not only a researcher of the Chipko movement, but is also a leading environmental theorist and practitioner of modern India, is examined.

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Robbins, Paul, Yehua Dennis Wei, Mike Raco und Anthony King. „Review: Of Myths and Movements: Rewriting Chipko into Himalayan History, China's Spatial Economic Development: Restless Landscapes in the Lower Yangzi Delta, Local Government from Thatcher to Blair: The Politics of Creative Autonomy, Globalization and Urban Change: Capital, Culture, and Pacific Rim Mega-Projects“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 33, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2001): 1893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3310rvw.

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Johnston, R. M., und A. Bekoff. „Constrained and flexible features of rhythmical hindlimb movements in chicks: kinematic profiles of walking, swimming and airstepping“. Journal of Experimental Biology 171, Nr. 1 (01.10.1992): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.171.1.43.

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Although studies of walking have generated many of the principles for motor control, walking is but one of the many behaviors that an animal produces. This study investigates the relationships among the kinematic profiles of three behaviors in chicks: walking, swimming and airstepping. In addition to describing features of the hindlimb movements, such as retraction and protraction, we also examined the intra- and interjoint coordination patterns at the hip, knee and ankle. By using multiple levels of analysis, we identified some features that are common to all three behaviors, and therefore appear to be constrained, as well as some dissimilar or flexible features. Specifically, we show that resistance differentially affects the hip, knee and ankle joints. Our results also show that each joint plays a distinctive role in these behaviors. For example, we suggest that the hip stabilizes the hindlimb and regulates the rhythmicity of its movements. We also show that movement at the knee consistently precedes movement at the other joints in each behavior. Finally, differences in ankle movements are the key features that discriminate one behavior from another. Continuity among prenatal, perinatal and postnatal behaviors in chicks is discussed.

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Singh, Pushpa. „Book review: Shekhar Pathak, The Chipko Movement: A People’s History“. Studies in Indian Politics 10, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2022): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23210230221135828.

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Muir, Gillian D., und K. S. V. Gowri. „Role of Motor and Visual Experience During Development of Bipedal Locomotion in Chicks“. Journal of Neurophysiology 94, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2005): 3691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01121.2004.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of motor and visual experience during the development of locomotion in chicks. We have previously demonstrated that when locomotor activity is restricted immediately posthatching, chicks walk with shorter stride lengths and attenuated head bobbing movements. Head bobbing is an optokinetic response in birds, driven by the movement of the visual world across the retina (i.e., optic flow). During locomotion, optic flow is generated by forward translation, and we have shown that the magnitude of head bobbing movements and stride lengths are moderately correlated in walking chicks. In the present study, we investigated this relationship more closely by examining whether imposed changes in stride length could affect head excursions during head bobbing. We manipulated stride length by hobbling chicks immediately after hatching and subsequently quantified kinematic parameters, including step timing and head excursions, during walking. Imposition of shorter stride lengths induced chicks to take more frequent steps, spend less time in contact with the ground, and shortened head excursions during head bobbing. Nevertheless, the developmental changes in head excursions were not fully accounted for by altered stride lengths, so in a separate experiment, we investigated whether the development of head bobbing relies on the normal experience of optic flow. We raised chicks under stroboscopic illumination to eliminate chicks' experience of optic flow but found that this did not significantly alter head bobbing. These results are discussed along with related findings in other species and the possible neural and biomechanical constraints underlying development of walking and head bobbing in birds.

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Shiva, Vandana, und J. Bandyopadhyay. „The Evolution, Structure, and Impact of the Chipko Movement“. Mountain Research and Development 6, Nr. 2 (Mai 1986): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673267.

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Haigh, Martin J. „Understanding ‘Chipko’: the Himalayan people's movement for forest conservation“. International Journal of Environmental Studies 31, Nr. 2-3 (Juni 1988): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207238808710418.

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Mikhel, Dmitriy V., und Irina V. Mikhel. „Gandhi's Successors: from Forest Satyagraha to the Chipko Social Movement“. Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 20, Nr. 4 (23.11.2020): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2020-20-4-379-384.

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The article examines the role of the ideological successors of Mahatma Gandhi in the development of his teaching on spiritual resistance to violence – Satyagraha. Much attention is paid to the history of the transformation of Forest Satyagraha campaigns, which were characteristic of the period of the struggle of India for independence, into the Chipko social movement that arose during the period of Independence. The contribution of “two English daughters” of Gandhi, Mira Ben and Sarala Ben, and an Indian woman Vandana Shiva, in the formulation of new goals for Forest Satyagraha, is analyzed. Mira Ben states the need to stop cutting down the forests of the Himalayas due to the danger of flooding and causing economic damage to rural communities. Sarala Ben discusses the dangers of a modernizing development concept and opposes it to the thesis of the importance of maintaining the climatic balance in northern India to prevent droughts and floods. Vandana Shiva, summarizing the experience of Forest Satyagraha and the Chipko movement, speaks of the priority of sustainable development over the strategy of economic growth. The article shows that the creative development of Gandhi’s ideas in relation to the protection of Indian forests and the survival of rural communities, carried out by the three successors of Gandhi in India, is important for creating a sustainable world, especially in a highly integrated global economic system.

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Moriya, Kenji, Masahi Kudo und Yuya Chiba. „Development of Body Movement During Early Stages of Chick Embryos“. Journal of the Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers 9, Nr. 2 (25.04.2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/jiiae.9.60.

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Bradley, Nina S., und Dongwon Y. Jahng. „Selective Effects of Light Exposure on Distribution of Motility in the Chick Embryo at E18“. Journal of Neurophysiology 90, Nr. 3 (September 2003): 1408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00393.2003.

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It is well established that orderly patterns of motor neuron activity, muscle recruitment, and limb movement are generated in chicks during motility by embryonic day (E)9, the midpoint in embryonic development. However, our recent work suggests that some attributes of motility, such as the rhythm of repetitive limb movements and distribution of activity, become less orderly after E9. In this study, we extend these observations by performing continuous force recordings over a 24-h period in ovo at E18 with augmented sampling of synchronized video and electromyogram (EMG) recordings. We report the distribution of three repetitive behaviors, rapid limb movement, respiratory-like movement, and beak clapping, identified in force recordings, and the general distribution of motility. We also test a model recently proposed to account for age-related changes in motility parameters. In the model, we proposed that circadian networks contribute to the age-related changes in distribution of motility. As a first test of this hypothesis, we examine whether light exposure contributes to the variable distribution of motility by comparing motility parameters at E18 for embryos incubated and tested under either a 12-h light/dark cycle or continuous light. Results suggest that exposure to light increases the total amount of activity and hastens the onset of extended respiratory-like movement sequences but does not impact expression of repetitive limb movement or beak clapping at E18. The possible influence of circadian mechanisms on embryonic behavior and insensitivity of repetitive limb movements to light exposure are discussed.

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Idowu, Aluko Opeyemi. „Social protests and government responsiveness in Nigeria: a study on Bring Back Our Girls Movement“. Perspectivas - Journal of Political Science 23 (18.12.2020): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/perspectivas.2954.

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Socio-political movements in any country seek to ensure what they perceive to be equity in governance, accountability of government personnel and prevent issues that could lead to injustice and violence if left unattended. Socio-political movements exist worldwide and, thus, are not peculiar to developing countries. They are excellent tools for expressing democratic nature of a given society and a tool for contestation against undemocratic governments. This paper analyses the actions and reactions of the Bring Back Our Girls (BBOG) socio-political movement in Nigeria. The research question is to what extent has the movement been able to achieve accountability from the government in the quest of restoring the missing Chibok girls? The relative deprivation theoretical framework and political settlement analysis are employed to show the impact of the group reactions on the actions of the government. The analysis domiciles on the government of Nigeria. The paper concludes that democratic growth and development are sustained whenever citizens are able to approach the government by means of social movements and peaceful contestation. Resumo Os movimentos sociopolíticos em qualquer país procuram garantir o que consideram ser equidade na governança, responsabilização do governo e prevenir questões que poderiam levar à injustiça e violência se não fossem atendidas. Os movimentos sócio-políticos existem em todo o mundo e, portanto, não são peculiares aos países em desenvolvimento. São excelentes ferramentas para expressar a natureza democrática de uma determinada sociedade e uma ferramenta de contestação contra governos não democráticos. Este artigo analisa as ações e reações do movimento sócio-político Bring Back Our Girls (BBOG) na Nigéria. A questão de investigação é perceber até que ponto o movimento foi capaz de obter a responsabilização do governo no retorno das jovens Chibok desaparecidas. A análise do acordo político é utilizado para mostrar o impacto das reações de grupo nas ações do governo. A análise foca-se no governo da Nigéria. O artigo conclui que o crescimento e desenvolvimento democráticos são sustentados sempre que os cidadãos se conseguem aproximar do governo por meio de movimentos sociais e contestação pacífica.

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Prasanna, N. S., und Gudasalamani Ravikanth. „India’s 50-year-old Chipko movement is a model for environmental activism“. Nature 628, Nr. 8009 (23.04.2024): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-01187-1.

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Stettler, Maria, Roland F. Graf und Niklaus Zbinden. „Aufzuchtshabitate für Auerhühner – ein Experiment mit Haushuhnküken | Capercaillie chick habitat – an experiment with barn fowl chicks“. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 161, Nr. 7 (01.07.2010): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2010.0264.

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Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) populations in Switzerland declined seriously in the past decades. The national capercaillie action plan defines actions to improve forest structure and composition in order to further the populations of the largest grouse species. These habitat measures should focus on improving summer habitat for hens with chicks, because winter habitats are available in good quality and quantity. However, our knowledge on reproduction habitats in alpine conditions is limited. In this study, we investigated microclimatic conditions, i.e. plant wetness, and movement ability of barn fowl chicks in seven characteristic field layer types in the northern Swiss Lower Alps. In the experiment on movement ability, we worked with barn fowl instead of capercaillie chicks for methodological reasons. In the bilberry-dominated vegetation, we measured a significantly lower quantity of water than in the vegetation types without bilberry. In the movement experiment, we found no significant differences between the vegetation types. As a qualitative result, we observed that the chicks moved easily even in high (> 30 cm) and close bilberry vegetation. Our results suggest that bilberry-dominated vegetation provides better conditions for grouse chicks than wet meadows and pastures, because less water adheres to the bilberry plants. Thus, the chicks get less wet in bilberry vegetation, which probably has a positive influence on the survival of the chicks. Even tall and dense vegetation seems not to impede the movement of the chicks. The results of our experiment may not be directly transferable to the demands of capercaillie chicks. Nevertheless, our study provides further evidence for the importance of bilberry as capercaillie chick habitat, especially in regions with high precipitations.

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Kevin, Alfredo. „Chipko: Relasionalitas Perempuan “Liyan” dalam Etika Ekofeminisme Berdasarkan Pemikiran Komparatif Vandana Shiva dan Armada Riyanto“. Jurnal Ekologi, Masyarakat dan Sains 4, Nr. 2 (06.12.2023): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55448/cnjs9m58.

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Abstract: This research study pays attention to ecofeminism in the Chipko movement. The methodology used in this study is a comparative approach. An ecofeminist figure, Vandana Shiva has a perspective of an important relation between women and nature. Armada Riyanto calls nature as an other that must be treated as a subject as well as a society that must be respected, valued, and protected. As for nature as a metaphor for the essence of human life itself. The purpose of this study is that the Chipko movement is a symbol of local wisdom to use conscience in saving the existence of living things. The writer finds that nature provides an illustration of the existence of an important relationship between humans humans, nature and God. Armada refers to this dimension as the focus on transcendence. As a result, both Vandana Shiva’s and Armada Riyanto’s thoughts agree that conscience embodied in empathy plays an important role in efforts to care for and save the natural environment, as well as to stop paternalist thought that always dominate women, while women contain the concept of a mother who has love and great attention to their children, in this case is the forest.

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Jitendra Kumar Bharti. „Reading of Nature and Women in the Select Novels of Margaret Atwood: An Ecofeminist Approach“. Creative Launcher 4, Nr. 2 (30.06.2019): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2019.4.2.05.

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Ecofeminism is a philosophical and political movement and theory which commingle or puts together demonstrate male domination of society. The term Ecofeminism is coined in the 1970s by the French writer Francoise d' Eaubonne in her book Le Feminisme ou La Mort (1974). The term ecofeminism unites Ecology (a scientific study and analysis of interaction among organisms and their environment) and Feminism (a social and political movement which advocates for women rights) and attempts to eradicate al forms of social injustice. It draws parallel between the both women and nature because both are dominated by men. The movement ecofeminism is the result of gradual development. In the beginning some women activists participated to preserve environment, but in the late 20th century these women activists began to work to protect wild life, food, air and water. We may see, in 1973, in Northern India, rise of a movement led by women activists to protect forests from deforestation that is known as ‘Chipko movement.’

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Shah, Hemant. „Communication and marginal sites: the Chipko movement and the dominant paradigm of development communication“. Asian Journal of Communication 18, Nr. 1 (März 2008): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01292980701823757.

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Collins, M., J. M. Cullen und P. Dann. „Seasonal and annual foraging movements of little penguins from Phillip Island, Victoria“. Wildlife Research 26, Nr. 6 (1999): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98003.

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Little penguins, Eudyptula minor, from a breeding colony on Phillip Island, Victoria were radio-tracked at sea during incubation, chick-rearing and non-breeding periods from 1991 to 1993. Their locations, which we have assumed to reflect foraging movements, varied according to season and breeding activities, and there were marked differences from year to year. Duration and distance of trips ranged from single day-trips a few kilometres from Phillip Island, typically during the breeding season, to longer trips outside the breeding season up to 500 km away lasting more than a month, but 95% of all birds located were within 20 km of the coast. In the breeding season foraging trips averaged 4.4 days during incubation compared with 2.1 days when there were chicks in the nest; in the non-breeding period foraging trips took 5.2 days on average. The duration of trips for adults feeding chicks increased with the age of the chicks. Birds from nests on the north and south sides of Phillip Island differed in their use of areas close to the island, but showed a similar distribution on more distant trips. The location of foraging trips is discussed in relation to information on the abundance of prey species of fish within the foraging range of the birds.

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Ruthrauff, Daniel R., und Brian J. McCaffery. „Survival of Western Sandpiper Broods on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska“. Condor 107, Nr. 3 (01.08.2005): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.3.597.

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Abstract The rate of chick growth in high-latitude breeding shorebirds is rapid, but little is known about the effect of chick mass, growth, and brood movements on subsequent brood survival. To address these topics, we monitored chick growth patterns, daily brood movements, and survival of Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. We assessed the effect of chick age, mass, and hatch date on brood survival using Program MARK. We mapped brood locations daily, and compared brood movement patterns between successful and unsuccessful broods. Younger chicks survived at lower rates and moved shorter distances than older chicks. The overall probability of one or more chicks from a brood surviving to 15 days of age was 0.73 ± 0.05 SE. Brood survival declined seasonally, and broods with heavier chicks survived at higher rates than those with lighter chicks. On average, successful broods fledged 1.7 ± 0.1 SE chicks. Rate of chick growth was intermediate between those of high arctic and temperate-breeding shorebirds, and chick mass at hatching declined seasonally. Western Sandpiper brood survival was lowest when chicks were young, spatially clumped, and unable to maintain homeothermy, probably because young chicks were more vulnerable to both complete depredation events and extreme weather. Our data suggest that larger, older chicks are able to avoid predators by being spatially dispersed and highly mobile; thermal independence, achieved after approximately day five, enables chicks to better endure prolonged periods of cold and low food availability. Supervivencia de Nidadas de Calidris mauri en el Delta Yukon-Kuskokwim, Alaska Resumen. La tasa de crecimiento de polluelos en aves que se reproducen a latitudes altas es rápida, pero se conoce poco sobre el efecto del peso y el crecimiento de los polluelos y de los movimientos de las crías sobre la supervivencia de las nidadas. Para evaluar estos tópicos, monitoreamos los patrones de crecimiento de polluelos, el movimiento diario de las crías, y la sobrevivencia de Calidris mauri en el Delta Yukon-Kuskokwim, Alaska. Determinamos el efecto de la edad, el peso y la fecha de eclosión de los polluelos sobre la supervivencia de la nidada utilizando el programa MARK. Mapeamos la localización de las crías diariamente, y comparamos los patrones de movimientos entre nidadas exitosas y no exitosas. Los polluelos más jóvenes tuvieron tasas de supervivencia menores y se movieron distancias más cortas que los polluelos de más edad. La probabilidad general de que uno o más polluelos de una nidada sobreviviera hasta 15 días de edad fue 0.73 ± 0.05 EE. La supervivencia de las nidadas disminuyó estacionalmente y las nidadas con polluelos de mayor peso tuvieron tasas de supervivencia mayores que las nidadas con polluelos más livianos. En promedio, las nidadas exitosas produjeron 1.7 ± 0.1 EE polluelos. La tasa de crecimiento de los polluelos fue intermedia con respecto a las aves playeras que se reproducen en el ártico y las que lo hacen en zonas templadas. El peso de los polluelos al momento de eclosionar disminuyó estacionalmente. La supervivencia de las nidadas de C. mauri fue mínima cuando los polluelos eran jóvenes, estaban agrupados y no eran capaces de mantener la homeotermia, probablemente debido a que los polluelos jóvenes eran más vulnerables a eventos de depredación completa y al clima extremo. Nuestros datos sugieren que los polluelos más grandes y de mayor edad son capaces de evitar a los depredadores al encontrarse espacialmente dispersos y ser altamente móviles; la independencia térmica que es alcanzada aproximadamente luego del día cinco permite a los polluelos soportar periodos prolongados de frío y de baja disponibilidad de alimento.

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Wilson, Carol A., und Mark A. Colwell. „Movements and Fledging Success of Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) Chicks“. Waterbirds 33, Nr. 3 (September 2010): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.033.0309.

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Moore, Niamh. „Eco/feminism and rewriting the ending of feminism: From the Chipko movement to Clayoquot Sound“. Feminist Theory 12, Nr. 1 (April 2011): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700110390592.

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Shah, Hemant, und Karin Gwinn Wilkins. „Reconsidering Geometries of Development“. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 3, Nr. 4 (2004): 395–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569150042728893.

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AbstractWe argue that the dominant geometry of development should be discarded, given the many limitations this model imposes on development policies and programs. Following a description of the dominant geometry of development, we critique this conceptualization based on grounds of morality and validity. Referencing illustrations of Japan as a development donor and the Chipko movement as an engaged community, we argue that new alternative geometries of development consider other structural and social arrangements. Finally, we consider more holistic, alternative perspectives that integrate material welfare with other humanitarian issues that transcend national boundaries.

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Sadowski, Ryszard F. „Aktualizacja potencjału religii w ochronie ekosystemów leśnych“. Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 11, Nr. 1 (31.03.2013): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2013.11.1.01.

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Declared by the United Nations as the International Year of the Forest, 2011 demonstrated the signi#cance of forest ecosystems to all humans and the entire Earth. Religions had already become important allies in preventing damage to forests. Different religious traditions offer various proposals for forest conservation and afforestation. Since 1970 and especially after the jubilee year of 2000, people of faith established many ecological organizations to engage in environmental conservation because of their religious beliefs. All major religious traditions have a lot to offer. This article examines the way organized religions and faith-based ecological organizations are engaged in many environmental projects concerning forest ecosystems. It looks at the ecological activity of faith-based organizations such as the Chipko Movement, Appiko movement, Swadhyaya community, and the Ecological Movement of St. Francis of Assisi. The article shows that the actualization of religious potential in protecting forests is accomplished through active prevention of deforestation and climate change, afforestation, and the implementation of environmentally friendly technology.

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Bradley, Nina S., Dhara Solanki und Dawn Zhao. „Limb Movements During Embryonic Development in the Chick: Evidence for a Continuum in Limb Motor Control Antecedent to Locomotion“. Journal of Neurophysiology 94, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2005): 4401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00804.2005.

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New imaging technologies are revealing ever-greater details of motor behavior in fetuses for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the form, mechanisms, and significance of fetal behavior will maximize imaging applications. The chick is readily available for experimentation throughout embryogenesis, making it an excellent model for this purpose. Yet in 40 yr since Hamburger and colleagues described chick embryonic behavior, we have not determined if motility belongs to a developmental continuum fundamental to posthatching behavior. This study examined kinematics and synchronized electromyography (EMG) during spontaneous limb movements in chicks at four time points between embryonic days (E) 9–18. We report that coordinated kinematic and/or EMG patterns were expressed at each time point. Variability observed in knee and ankle excursions at E15–E18 sorted into distinct in-phase and out-of-phase patterns. EMG patterns did not directly account for out-of-phase patterns, indicating study of movement biomechanics will be critical to fully understand motor control in the embryo. We also provide the first descriptions of 2- to 10-Hz limb movements emerging E15–E18 and a shift from in-phase to out-of-phase interlimb coordination E9–E18. Our findings revealed that coordinated limb movements persist across development and suggest they belong to a developmental continuum for locomotion. Limb patterns were consistent with the half center model for a locomotor pattern generator. Achievement of these patterns by E9 may thus indicate the embryo has completed a critical phase beyond which developmental progression may be less vulnerable to experimental perturbations or prenatal events.

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BAILEY, J. S., N. A. COX, D. E. COSBY und L. J. RICHARDSON. „Movement and Persistence of Salmonella in Broiler Chickens following Oral or Intracloacal Inoculation“. Journal of Food Protection 68, Nr. 12 (01.12.2005): 2698–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.12.2698.

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The dissemination of Salmonella into various lymphoid-like organs in young broiler chicks after oral and intracloacal inoculation was studied. A three-strain cocktail of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Montevideo, and Salmonella Enter-itidis was administered either orally or intracloacally to day-old chicks. After 1 h, 1 day, or 1 week, the ceca, thymus, liver and gallbladder, spleen, and bursa were sampled for the presence of Salmonella. There was a marked difference in the recovery of Salmonella 1 h postinoculation. Only 6 of 50 samples from orally inoculated chicks were positive compared with 33 of 50 samples from cloacally inoculated samples. In comparison, 24 h and 1 week after inoculation, there was no difference in the number of positive samples between oral or cloacal inoculation. The rapidity of the translocation of the Salmonella from the cloacal inoculum compared to the oral inoculum is likely due to the transient time required for Salmonella to move through the alimentary tract. The method of inoculation did not affect the distribution of serogroups. Of the three serotypes in the composite inoculum, the Salmonella Enteritidis (group D) was recovered only twice in replication 1 and not at all in replication 2. Both the Salmonella Typhimurium (serogroup B) and the Salmonella Montevideo (serogroup C1) were recovered extensively throughout the study.

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Moriya, Kenji, Yuki Fujii und Yuya Chiba. „Effects of Intermittent 18% O2 Hypoxic Conditions on the Body-movement Patterns of Early-stages Chick Embryos“. Journal of the Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers 12, Nr. 1 (25.01.2024): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/jiiae.12.18.

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MORRISON, W. D., I. McMILLAN und L. A. BATE. „Effect of Air Movement on Operant Heat Demand of Chicks“. Poultry Science 66, Nr. 5 (Mai 1987): 854–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0660854.

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Van Heerden, J., und R. H. Keffen. „A preliminary investigation into the immobilising potential of a tiletamine/zolazepam mixture, metomidate, a metomidate and azaperone combination and medetomidine in ostriches (Struthio camelus)“. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 62, Nr. 3 (30.09.1991): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v62i3.1768.

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Ostrich chicks (n=34) were successfully immobilised with intramuscular injections of a tiletamine/zolazepam mixture at dosages of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg kg-¹; with metomidate at dosages of 15 and 20 mg kg-¹ and with a metomidate/azaperone combination at respectively 20 and 6,6 mg kg-¹, and 10 and 3,3 mg kg-¹. Unsatisfactory immobilisation with violent body movements and self traumatisation were observed in an adult ostrich after the intramuscular administration of a tiletamine/zolezepam mixture. Anaesthesia was achieved by the administration of metomidate in combination with azaperone. Medetomidine administered at a dosage rate of 0,1 mg kg-¹ did not result in immobilisation of ostrich chicks (n=4). Findings in ostrich chicks should not necessarily be extrapolated to adult birds.

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Saiki, Michio, Ryusei Haraguchi, Kota Kimura, Kai Moriguchi und Michihiro Takano. „Brooding Habits of the Jungle Nightjar and Relocation Movements of the Chicks“. Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology 45, Nr. 2 (2014): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3312/jyio.45.98.

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Lees, Daniel, Tom Schmidt, Craig D. H. Sherman, Grainne S. Maguire, Peter Dann, Glenn Ehmke und Michael A. Weston. „An assessment of radio telemetry for monitoring shorebird chick survival and causes of mortality“. Wildlife Research 46, Nr. 7 (2019): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18030.

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Abstract ContextMonitoring survival of free-living precocial avian young is critical for population management, but difficult to achieve. Perhaps the most promising technique available to track survival is the deployment of devices such as radio-transmitters or data loggers, which allow for tracking of the individuals. AimsTo understand if the deployment of radio-transmitters or the process of radio-tracking negatively impact chick survival by analysing survival of tagged chicks. MethodsFifty masked lapwing (Vanellus miles), 42 red-capped plover (Charadrius ruficapillus) and 27 hooded plover (Thinornis cucullatus) chicks were radio-tracked. Mortality between tagged and untagged chicks within broods was compared to examine whether radio-telemetry influenced chick survival. Key resultsThere was no statistically significant difference in survival between chicks with and without radio-transmitters. Radio-transmitters enabled the determination of cause of death for 0–28% of radio-tagged chicks. ConclusionThe survival of shorebird chicks does not appear to be affected by attachment of transmitters. ImplicationsRadio-tracking remains a promising way of studying the movement and survival of shorebird chicks, and is helpful but not reliable for assigning the cause of mortality.

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Fernando, Yose, und Herlinda Mansyur. „Koreografi Tari Zapin Bertasbih Pada Sanggar Tasik Malay Art Di Pekanbaru“. Jurnal Sendratasik 11, Nr. 1 (30.03.2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/js.v11i1.114207.

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This research aims to analyze Zapin Bertasbih Dance Choreography in Sanggar Tasik Malay Art Pekanbaru. This type of research is qualitative research with descriptive methods of analysis. The research instrument is the researchers own and is assisted by supporting instruments such as stationery and cameras. Primary data types and secondary data. Data collection techniques are carried out by employing library studies, observations, interviews and documentation. The steps to analyze the data are to describe, interpret and draw conclusions. The results showed that Zapin Bertasbih dance choreography performed by choreographer Tri Sisca Noviani is a new dance creation worked with a choreographic approach. Zapin Bertasbih Dance Choreography can be seen in Form and Content. In the form motion, there are 15 kinds of motion, floor patterns in the form of vertical, horizontal, diagonal and zigzag, the composition of groups in the form of simultaneous and split, dancers (6 people), wearing Malay costumes, dance accompaniment by wearing gambus, accordion, flute, darbuka, marwas and tambur, property using tasbih. In content, among them the idea that arises from taking things done by Muslims in performing worship practices to the creator by using tasbih as his property. The atmosphere that appears in Zapin Dance is peaceful, joyful and calm. Therefore, Zapin Bertasbih Dance is worked on with choreographic planning by his stylist. Because Zapin Bertasbih Dance begins with an idea that departs from Zapin Melayu itself where Zapin Melayu underlies the creation of Zapin Bertasbih. The source of Garapan from Zapin Bertasbih is some movements from Zapin Melayu, namely the movement of worship, Middle Dizziness, Broken Chicks and the Movement of Meniti batang. Then worked by the stylist and arranged movements that have been created into a new form of dance. In content, among them the idea that arises from taking things done by Muslims in performing worship practices to the creator by using tasbih as his property.

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Schroeder, Michael A., und David A. Boag. „Behaviour of spruce grouse broods in the field“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, Nr. 11 (01.11.1985): 2494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-369.

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Behaviour of juvenile spruce grouse (Dendragapus canadensis), from hatching to brood breakup, was observed in 30 radio-tracked broods inhabiting lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests of southwestern Alberta. The immediate posthatch period (first 20 days) was characterized by a close spatial relationship between the chicks and hen, with brooding being the dominant behaviour. Hens with broods appeared to respond immediately, both vocally and through movement toward their chicks, whenever the latter uttered the following calls: sreep, sury, seer, and purring. Brooding sessions decreased in frequency but not duration (median of 11 min) until they disappeared from the behavioural repertoire of the chicks at about 50 days of age. Hen–chick and intersibling distances increased as the chicks grew older. The breakup of broods appeared to result when the cohesiveness of the brood decreased to a point at which calls of the chicks no longer elicited a response from the brood hen. There was no evidence that agonism contributed to this decline in brood cohesion.

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Jones, R. B. „Does occasional movement make pecking devices more attractive to domestic chicks?“ British Poultry Science 42, Nr. 1 (März 2001): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071660020035064.

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Morris, Ralph D., Michelle Woulfe und G. D. Wichert. „Hatching asynchrony, chick care, and adoption in the common tern: can disadvantaged chicks win?“ Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, Nr. 3 (01.03.1991): 661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-097.

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In 1987 and 1988, common tern (Sterna hirundo) chicks at a colony near Port Colborne, Ontario, were individually colour banded according to known hatch order. Intraclutch hatch intervals produced size disparities among chicks at brood completion; third-hatched chicks were significantly lighter and at a significant survival disadvantage compared with their earlier-hatched siblings. There were differences in feeding rates according to hatch order and many third-hatched chicks obtained fewer or no feedings during our periods of observation. Sixty-five chicks known to have abandoned their home broods gained acceptance into foreign broods. Chicks that remained in the foreign brood for more than 2 days (average residency 11.9 ± 5.3 days; n = 26) were fed and brooded by the foster parents, were on average older than the youngest resident chick, but were not always the last hatched in their home brood. Conversely, chicks that were in a foreign brood for less than 2 days were no different in age from the youngest resident chick. Survival and fledging success was highest for chicks accepted into two chick broods in which they were older than the resident second chick; in effect, the adoptee became the second chick. Parents that accepted a foreign chick for more than 2 days experienced a seasonal fitness loss compared with nonadopting parents. As the only viable option available to them, selection favours movement away from home broods by chicks that may be disadvantaged there.

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Sandeep Kumar. „Water: As a Social Order Decider in Central Himalayas“. Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 2, Nr. 4 (30.07.2022): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.2.4.62.

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Any direct or indirect change in the physical, thermal, chemical, biological, radioactive properties of any part of the environment, by discharge, emissions or deposits of waste, so as to adversely affect any beneficial use or a condition which Hazardous to public health, safety or to animals, birds, wildlife, aquatic life or plants of all kinds. - Environment Report 1986 The concept of the present paper begins with the concept of water, forest, and land, which has been an important motto and main goal of an important movement (Chipko movement)- What is the blessing of the forest(क्या है जंगल के उपकार)soil water and wind(मिट्टी पानी और बयार)soil water and wind(मिट्टी पानी और बयार)basis for survival.(जिंदा रहने के आधार।) When it comes to the basic three things that have been described as the basis of life - forest, land and water, these three have equal access to every community, class, caste. and do they have access at present? the present research paper focuses on water and its access. Is. Especially its access to the community which comes under the purview of the marginalized society.

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Green, Patrick R., Ian B. Davies und Mark N. O. Davies. „Interaction of Visual and Tactile Information in the Control of Chicks' Locomotion in the Visual Cliff“. Perception 22, Nr. 11 (November 1993): 1319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p221319.

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The behaviour of two-day-old chicks placed on the deep side of a visual cliff was examined. With increasing depth of the floor below the chicks, latency to move over the deep side towards another chick on the shallow side increased, while speed of locomotion decreased. Chicks given the same incentive to step over a visible edge onto the deep side showed a stronger inhibition of movement at all depths, indicating that absolute depth of a surface and relative depth of an edge affect behaviour differently. At depths greater than 4 cm, the majority of chicks performed a jump from the deep to the shallow side, and the distances over which they jumped corresponded to those jumped when tested with a real gap. These results suggest that detection of the far side of a gap alone is sufficient to elicit a jump. Just before jumping, chicks adopted a head orientation which depended on the vertical distance of the cliff edge below them. Changes in head orientation did not maintain retinal fixation of the edge, and may instead be important in setting the correct direction of thrust when jumping.

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Weimerskirch, H., O. Chastel, Y. Cherel, J. A. Henden und T. Tveraa. „Nest attendance and foraging movements of northern fulmars rearing chicks at Bjørnøya Barents Sea“. Polar Biology 24, Nr. 2 (26.01.2001): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000000175.

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du Lac, Sascha, und Stephen G. Lisberger. „Eye movements and brainstem neuronal responses evoked by cerebellar and vestibular stimulation in chicks“. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 171, Nr. 5 (September 1992): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00194110.

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Sharp, Andrew A., Edna Ma und Anne Bekoff. „Developmental Changes in Leg Coordination of the Chick at Embryonic Days 9, 11, and 13: Uncoupling of Ankle Movements“. Journal of Neurophysiology 82, Nr. 5 (01.11.1999): 2406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2406.

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To understand changes in motor behavior during development, kinematic measurements were made of the right leg during embryonic motility in chicks on embryonic (E) days 9, 11, and 13. This is an interesting developmental period during which the embryo first becomes large enough to be physically constrained by the shell. Additionally, sensory systems are incorporated at that time into the spinal motor circuitry. Previous electromyographic (EMG) recordings have shown that the basic pattern of muscle activity seen at E9, composed of half-center–type alternation of extensor and flexor activation, breaks down by E13. This breakdown in organization could be because of disruption of motor patterns by the immature sensory system and/or new spatial constraints on the embryo. The current article describes several changes in leg movement patterns during this period. Episodes of motility increase in duration and the intervals of time between episodes of motility decrease in length. The range of motion of the leg increases, but the overall posture of the leg becomes more flexed. It was found that in-phase coordination of movement among the hip, knee, and ankle decreased between E9 and E13 in agreement with the previous EMG recordings. However, it was also found that the decrease of in-phase coordination among the three joints was accompanied by an increase in the time any two joints were moving in the same manner. Furthermore, examination of in-phase coordination within pairs of joints showed that all three pairs were well coordinated at E9, but that at E13 the in-phase coordination of the ankle with the other two joints decreased, whereas the knee and hip coordination was maintained. This suggests that the hip-knee synergy was closely coupled and that coupling of the ankle with other joints was more labile. The authors conclude that embryos respond to the reduction of free space in the egg during this period not by decreasing the amplitude or coordination of leg movements in general, but instead by differentially controlling the movements of the ankle from those of the hip and knee. Additionally, the changes in movement patterns do not represent a decrease in organization, but rather an alteration of motor coordination possibly as the result of information from the newly acquired sensory systems. These data also support theories that limb central pattern generators (CPGs) are composed of unit CPGs for each joint that can be modulated individually and that this organization is already established early in embryogenesis.

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Al – Saygh, Majed H. „Effect of Enrofloxacin Drug on Duodenum Smooth Muscle Movement in Broiler“. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 28, Nr. 1 (28.06.2004): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v28i1.1069.

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Twenty chicks at (45) days old were used and divided into two equal groups , one act as treatment (Baytril) dosed orally (10 mg/kg ) for 5 days, while the control group dosed with distilled water. Duodenum was isolated in vi tro examined with autonomic agents. The result showed significant decrease in intestinal motility between treatment and control group after addition of atropine, acetycholine, atropine flowed acetycholine and after addition propranolol and propranolol flowed adrenaline. Concluded from this study that using of Enrofloxacin case a negative alteration tonic and rhythmic contraction of intestinal (smooth muscles).

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Mishra, Pallavi. „The catastrophe of blazing forests, hills in flame and the failing British during 1916-1921“. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, Nr. 4 (2023): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.84.42.

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One of the fair, straightforward and challenging task before the present academicians is to resurrect for posterity the hidden accounts of injustices done, mass-destruction of resources both natural and human, crimes committed by the colonial masters under the pretext of rules and regulations that were framed only for continued exploitation and the element of protest amongst the colonized people for protection of men and environment. “Acts” of protest lesser known; that may be individual or autonomous have hidden repercussions. The growing control of the colonials over resources and territories affected living traditions and life-styles thereby imposing upon the natives; be it masses or the rulers, a repressive process of acceptance and submission either coercively or persuasively. Denial to conform had its own dangers yet the living consciousness of natives opposed restrictions and absurd demands at every step. During 1916-1921, the hills of Kumaon saw incessant fire that would continue for days informed to be caught by accident to the British administration which in reality would be set ablaze by the village people of the hilly regions of Kumaon. The same men/women, who had post-independence, started the Chipko Movement for the protection of forest-wealth used to burn their forests overnight to protest against the Forest Regulation Act imposed by the British. The village women who in the Chipko movement would cling to trees to oppose their vehement destruction would silently watch the whole region burn. This form of silent resistance added to the increasing administrative failures, enormous anxiety, discomfiture and apprehensions amidst the Britons. In this paper, I propose a re-engagement into the Forest Regulations Act as imposed and the active resistance of the hill people who were stereotyped as “simple and law-abiding hillman” as there was an absence of protest in the first century of British rule. A revisionist remaking of the past and re-invention of a new tradition becomes an act of creation. History, as retained in the memories of the people, contains symbolic power. They become the symbolic projections of peoples’ hope, values, fears and aspirations.

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