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1
Li, Wei, und Hans Hendrischke. „Chinese Outbound Investment in Australia: From State Control to Entrepreneurship“. China Quarterly 243 (22.10.2019): 701–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741019001243.
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AbstractThis article contributes to our understanding of Chinese corporate expansion into developed economies by using Australia as a case study of how, in the 2010s, Chinese firms began transiting from government-driven resource investment to entrepreneurial expansion in new industries and markets. We contextualize this process by demonstrating how changing market demand and institutional evolutions at home and in the host country created new motivations for Chinese investors. In particular, the decline of active government control in China over the overseas operations of Chinese firms and the more business-oriented regulatory regime in Australia empowered local subsidiaries of Chinese firms to become more entrepreneurial and explorative in their attempts to compensate for their lack of competitiveness and weak organizational capabilities. Consequently, Chinese firms brought their domestic experience and modus operandi to the Australian host market and collectively adapted and deployed dynamic capabilities such as the use of network linkages, experiential learning and corporate reconfiguration. We find that this transfer of capabilities was facilitated by the co-evolution of the Chinese and Australian institutional and market environments and has maintained Australia's position as one of the major recipient countries of Chinese outbound investment, opening the Australian economy to ongoing expansion and disruption.
2
Gao, Jia. „Politics of a Different Kind: Chinese in Immigration Litigation in the Post White Australia Era“. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3, Nr. 1 (04.04.2011): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v3i1.1786.
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The first mass Chinese immigration to Australia occurred in the 19th century, with approximately 100,000 Chinese arriving between the 1840s and 1901 (Fitzgerald 2007; Ho 2007), during which questions were raised both in relation to the Chinese rights of migration and settlement in Australia, and the validity of the government's actions against the Chinese. The latter question was in fact considered in the colonial courts (Cronin 1993; Lake and Reynolds 2008). Since then, the Chinese in Australia have never shied away from taking various legal actions, although they are normally seen as people who keep to themselves. Australia abandoned its 'White Australia' policy in 1974, and lately Australia has placed more emphasis on skilled and business migration. As a result, many believe that Chinese migrants have come to Australia under its normal skilled, business or family migration programs, which ignores the fact that a high proportion of them have obtained their chance to stay in Australia directly or indirectly through a series of legal battles. This paper contributes to the discussion of the Chinese in Australian political life by looking at how the Chinese have fought in the Courts in the post-White Australia era in past decades, and the key features of their unique experiences. This is a different type of political activism, characterising the lives of many Australian Chinese, their engagement with the Australian political system, and becoming part of the background of their identity, transnationality, socio-political attitudes and behaviour and many other traits.
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Tomasic, Roman, und Ping Xiong. „Mapping the Legal Landscape: Chinese State-Owned Companies in Australia“. Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 48, Nr. 2 (02.10.2017): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v48i2.4737.
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Australia has always relied heavily upon foreign sources of investment and financing and has in the past tended to draw mainly upon British, American and Japanese investment. In recent decades, Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have played an increasingly important role in the Australian economy with a rising level of investment taking place. Chinese SOEs have been more heavily involved in investments into larger Australian investment projects, such as in mining and infrastructure. Australia has seen an increase in the number of Chinese state-owned companies acquiring substantial domestic assets; this may continue following the ratification of the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement in 2015. Although Chinese SOEs operating in foreign countries such as Australia are required to comply with local corporate governance laws and principles, they also retain their unique Chinese corporate governance values and culture which they have inherited through their parent companies and from China itself. In Australia, there has been an ongoing debate over Chinese investment, with the business community being particularly supportive of such investment. Driven largely by the business community, this debate has been relatively narrow and has not explored the likely impact of Chinese SOEs and their subsidiaries upon the shape of corporate governance in countries in which they invest. This article seeks to examine the legal contours of Chinese-controlled investment in Australia with a view to acquiring a more informed understanding of the impact of Chinese SOEs upon the Australian legal landscape.
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Wu, Maoguo, und Yue Yu. „The Impact of Australian Consumer Price Index on the Exchange Rate of Australian Dollar - Chinese Renminbi“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, Nr. 22 (31.08.2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n22p12.
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This paper investigates the impact of Australian consumer price index on Australian dollar - Chinese renminbi exchange rate. As two major economies in Asia Pacific, China and Australia are conducting ever-increasing volume of economic transactions. Massive Chinese investment, particularly in properties, has caused steady increase in Australian consumer price index and the exchange rate of Australian dollar - Chinese renminbi. Recent slowdown of Chinese economic growth and Chinese investment in Australia caused both Australian consumer price index and the exchange rate of Australian dollar - Chinese renminbi to fall significantly. This paper utilizes data from May 2005 to January 2016 and empirically tests the relation between Australian consumer price index and the exchange rate of Australian dollar - Chinese renminbi. In compliance with classical theories of exchange rates, empirical results find that a negative relation exists between Australian consumer price index and the exchange rate of Australian dollar - Chinese renminbi.
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Nachatar Singh, Jasvir Kaur. „Challenges in obtaining employment in China: Lived experiences of Australian Chinese graduates“. Australian Journal of Career Development 29, Nr. 3 (30.09.2020): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1038416220947085.
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Previous scholarly work has elaborated on challenges faced by Chinese international returnees at Chinese workplaces. However, limited research has captured to what extent such challenges have involved Chinese Australian graduates in gaining employment in China. Hence this study investigates the challenges involved in obtaining successful employment in China. Drawing on a qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 Chinese graduates who studied at one Australian university and returned to China upon graduation. The study results highlight significant barriers to employment. Challenges include limited prior working experience, graduation in Australia that is not synchronised with employment months in China and lack of guanxi. This study provides important insights into barriers of employment in China for Chinese returnees from Australia and, potentially, for graduate returnees from other countries to China. It also discusses implications for Australian universities and for Chinese international students in Australia.
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Zhang, Ge, und Wilfred Yang Wang. „‘Property talk’ among Chinese Australians: WeChat and the production of diasporic space“. Media International Australia 173, Nr. 1 (01.04.2019): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x19837669.
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This article examines the ways the Australian property market is addressed among Chinese migrants in Australia on and off WeChat, one of the most popular instant messenger apps installed on Smartphones. Specifically, we focus on how migrant media and real estate professionals’ narratives on real estate properties constitute and reproduce a transnational Chinese diasporic space between China and Australia. Although the latest wave of ‘property talk’ is relatively a new concept to the mainstream Australian societies due to the housing price boom since 2012, talking about land and property ownerships has always been integral part of Chinese diasporic culture. Yet, with the advent of digital media technologies, this cultural conversation is increasingly being delivered, processed and experienced through digital platforms such as that of WeChat. Drawing on observations on WeChat and interviews with Chinese media and real estate practitioners in Australia, we conceive that WeChat plays a vital role in forging and reproducing Chinese diasporic spaces in Australia by articulating the intersection of diasporic spatiality and mediasphere. We contend that WeChat’s affordances of the informational, interpersonal and instrumental have aided Chinese migrants and those Chinese real estate practitioners to co-constitute a social space of property talk that enables new social relations to be negotiated and social networks to be established and reinforced across China and Australia.
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Baer, Hans A. „The Drive for Legitimation in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture in Australia: Successes and Dilemmas“. Complementary health practice review 12, Nr. 2 (April 2007): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533210107302933.
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This article examines the drive for legitimation on the part of Chinese medicine and more specifically acupuncture in Australia. It examines the development of Chinese medicine in Australia, the road to statutory registration of Chinese medicine in Victoria, and the niche of Chinese medicine within the context of the Australian plural medical system. Despite the opposition of organized medicine, the Victorian Parliament passed the Chinese Medicine Registration Act in May 2000, making Victoria the only Australian political jurisdiction to formally regulate Chinese medicine practitioners and acupuncturists. The legal status of Chinese medicine and acupuncture outside of Victoria resembles that of naturopathy and other natural therapies, such as Western herbalism and homeopathy, none of which has achieved statutory registration in any Australian jurisdiction. Chinese medicine has a distinct identity within the context of the Australian plural medical system. Conversely, acupuncture, as one of the modalities of Chinese medicine—and in Western societies its principal modality—has been incorporated into various other heterodox medical subsystems, particularly chiropractic, osteopathy, and naturopathy, as well as conventional systems, such as biomedicine and physiotherapy.
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Doe, Peter Edward, Sarah Lyden, Seeta Jaikaran-Doe und Xiaolin Wang. „Enhancing Chinese Students’ Learning in an Australian 2+2 Undergraduate Engineering Program“. International Journal of Higher Education 7, Nr. 5 (26.09.2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v7n5p86.
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Undergraduate engineering units (subjects) are delivered by Australian academics at two universities in China over a three-week period. Students may choose to transfer to the Australian university to complete the final two years of the Bachelor of Engineering with Honours degree (2+2 program). The aim of this study is to determine what strategies are most effective for the Australian university academics to adopt for effective delivery of engineering units at Chinese universities. A mixed methods approach was applied to in-class feedback and student surveys. Three major themes: Language, Learning and Social were identified. These themes were further explored in a quantitative survey of Chinese students newly-arrived in Australia in 2016. Successful strategies for delivering engineering units included referring questions to discussion groups; students explaining difficult concepts to other students; writing key words on the board and flash cards. The principal concern for students before they transferred to Australia was the teaching and learning style of the Australian university academics. However, English language proficiency was the major concern for students transferred to Australia. The strategy for improving Chinese students’ engagement and learning outcomes should focus on additional support both in China and Australia.
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Chen, S., M. N. Nelson, K. Ghamkhar, T. Fu und W. A. Cowling. „Divergent patterns of allelic diversity from similar origins: the case of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in China and Australia“. Genome 51, Nr. 1 (Januar 2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g07-095.
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Oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) in Australia and China have similar origins, with introductions from Europe, Canada, and Japan in the mid 20th century, and there has been some interchange of germplasm between China and Australia since that time. Allelic diversity of 72 B. napus genotypes representing contemporary germplasm in Australia and China, including samples from India, Europe, and Canada, was characterized by 55 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers spanning the entire B. napus genome. Hierarchical clustering and two-dimensional multidimensional scaling identified a Chinese group (China-1) that was separated from a “mixed” group of Australian, Chinese (China-2), European, and Canadian lines. A small group from India was distinctly separated from all other B. napus genotypes. Chinese genotypes, especially in the China-1 group, have inherited unique alleles from interspecific crossing, primarily with B. rapa, and the China-2 group has many alleles in common with Australian genotypes. The concept of “private alleles” is introduced to describe both the greater genetic diversity and the genetic distinctiveness of Chinese germplasm, compared with Australian germplasm, after 50 years of breeding from similar origins.
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Xue, Charlie Changli, und David Story. „Chinese Medicine in Australia“. Asia-Pacific Biotech News 08, Nr. 23 (Dezember 2004): 1252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030304002137.
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Van Hoa, Tran, Lindsay Turner und Jo Vu. „Economic impact of Chinese tourism on Australia“. Tourism Economics 24, Nr. 6 (23.04.2018): 677–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816618769077.
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China’s trade, tourism and limited foreign direct investment (FDI) to Australia have been regarded as playing an important part in Australia’s growth and prosperity in recent years. In spite of the fact that these activities are the three principal growth determinants in modern economic integration theory, growth studies based on this theory’s structural framework, while highly appropriate, have hardly been undertaken. This article proposes to fill the gap by formally developing an endogenous causal model of simultaneous growth and tourism for policy analysis. In this model, trade, FDI and tourism are specified as the main contributing factors to growth. Simultaneously, gravity theory (including growth) and the Ironmonger–Lancaster new consumer demand theory determine tourism, while ‘economic conditionality’ potentially affecting both growth and tourism in the sense of Johansen is recognized and incorporated. The model is then applied to Australian and Chinese data for the important post-Japanese tourist boom period 1992–2015, to provide substantive findings on three questions: the impact of Chinese tourism to Australia, Chinese tourism determination and the effects of Chinese trade and key macroeconomic indicators on Australian economic growth. Significant policy implications are then developed for use by government tourism planners and policymakers.
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Vincent, Alison. „Learning to cook the Chinese way: Australian Chinese cookbooks of the 1950s“. Australasian Journal of Popular Culture 9, Nr. 1 (01.03.2020): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajpc_00014_1.
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The history of Chinese migration to Australia and in particular the impact of discriminatory legislation has been the subject of considerable scholarship. Less well documented is the contribution of Chinese immigrants to Australia’s food culture. Chinese cooks had been at work in Australia since at least the 1850s, and cafés and restaurants were serving Chinese food in both urban and rural centres by the 1930s. The first cookery books devoted to Chinese recipes were written by Australian Chinese and published after the Second World War. They provided the curious and the adventurous with information that allowed them to both confidently order food in restaurants and experiment with cooking at home. An important and neglected source, this survey of these publications suggests some of the ways in which Chinese cooks adapted and adopted to produce an ‘Australianized’ Chinese menu.
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Zhou, Weihuan. „Australias Anti-dumping and Countervailing Law and Practice: An Analysis of Current Issues Incompatible with Free Trade with China“. Journal of World Trade 49, Issue 6 (01.12.2015): 975–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2015038.
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This article identifies and analyses five major issues relating to current antidumping and countervailing laws and practice in Australia. Given the recent conclusion of a free trade agreement between Australia and China, the article proposes to focus on Australia’s antidumping and countervailing investigations against China. The article discusses whether the Australian laws and practice are consistent with the relevant WTO rules and how they may impact on the promotion of trade liberalization between Australia and China. The article concludes that all of these issues may create trade barriers to Chinese exports to Australia and hence must be dealt with to protect the enhancement of market access of Chinese exports to Australia under the Australia – China free trade initiatives.
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Choo, Christine. „The Impact of Asian - Aboriginal Australian Contacts in Northern Australia“. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, Nr. 2-3 (Juni 1994): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300218.
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The long history of Asian contact with Australian Aborigines began with the early links with seafarers, Makassan trepang gatherers and even Chinese contact, which occurred in northern Australia. Later contact through the pearling industry in the Northern Territory and Kimberley, Western Australia, involved Filipinos (Manilamen), Malays, Indonesians, Chinese and Japanese. Europeans on the coastal areas of northern Australia depended on the work of indentured Asians and local Aborigines for the development and success of these industries. The birth of the Australian Federation also marked the beginning of the “White Australia Policy” designed to keep non-Europeans from settling in Australia. The presence of Asians in the north had a significant impact on state legislation controlling Aborigines in Western Australia in the first half of the 20th century, with implications to the present. Oral and archival evidence bears testimony to the brutality with which this legislation was pursued and its impact on the lives of Aboriginal people.
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Moore, Amber, Paul A. Komesaroff, Kylie O'Brien, Hong Xu und Alan Bensoussan. „Chinese Medicine in Australia“. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 22, Nr. 7 (Juli 2016): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0260.
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LAURENCESON, JAMES. „CHINESE INVESTMENT IN AUSTRALIA“. Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 27, Nr. 1 (März 2008): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.2008.tb01028.x.
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Feng, Chongyi. „The changing political identity of the "Overseas Chinese" in Australian Politics“. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3, Nr. 1 (15.04.2011): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v3i1.1865.
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This paper explores the role played by the Chinese communities in the Australian politics of multicultural democracy from the perspective of political socialisation and resocialisation. It argues that there is no such a thing as inherent “cultural values” or “national values” that differentiate ‘the Chinese” politically from the mainstream Australian society. This paper focuses on the Chinese nationalism of Han Chinese migrants in Australia. Within the “new mainland migrants” who have come to Australia directly from the PRC since the 1980s, nationalism is much weaker among the Tiananmen/ June 4 generation who experienced pro-democracy activism during their formative years in the 1980s. Nationalism is much stronger among the Post-Tiananmen Generation who are victims of the “patriotism campaign” in the 1990s when the Chinese Communist party-state sought to replace discredited communism with nationalism as the major ideology for legitimacy.
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Pan, Jia-Yan, Daniel Fu Keung Wong, Lynette Joubert und Cecilia Lai Wan Chan. „Acculturative Stressor and Meaning of Life as Predictors of Negative Affect in Acculturation: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study between Chinese International Students in Australia and Hong Kong“. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, Nr. 9 (September 2007): 740–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701517942.
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Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the predictive effects of acculturative stressor and meaning of life on negative affect in the process of acculturation between Chinese international students in Australia and Hong Kong. Method: Four hundred mainland Chinese students studying at six universities in Hong Kong and 227 Chinese international students studying at the University of Melbourne in Australia completed a questionnaire that included measures of acculturative stressor, meaning of life, negative affect and demographic information. Results: The Australian sample was found to have a higher level of acculturative stressor and negative affect than the Hong Kong sample. Acculturative stressor had a positive impact on negative affect in both samples, but the impact of different domains of acculturative stressor on negative affect varied between the two groups. Finally, meaning of life partially mediated the relationship between acculturative stressor and negative affect in the Hong Kong sample, but no such effect was found in the Australia sample. Conclusions: Acculturative stressor is a critical risk factor for negative affect in acculturation for Chinese international students in Australia and Hong Kong. Meaning of life acted as a protective factor that mitigated negative affect for mainland Chinese students in Hong Kong, but not for the Chinese international students in Australia. The theoretical and practical implications for resilience-based and meaning-oriented intervention for Chinese international students are discussed.
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Chan, Henry. „The Identity of the Chinese in Australian History“. Queensland Review 6, Nr. 2 (November 1999): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600001100.
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Theorising about identity has become fashionable. During 1999 alone several conferences and seminars were dedicated to identities in Australia: “Alter/Asians: Exploring Asian/Australian Identities, Cultures and Politics in an Age of Crisis” held in Sydney in February, the one-day conference “Cultural Passports” on the concept and representations of “home” held at the University of Sydney in June, and “Asian-Australian Identities: The Asian Diaspora in Australia” at the Australian National University in September. To me as a Chinese who had his childhood and education in New Zealand this concern with identity is not exceptional: I remain a keen reader of New Zealand fiction and poetry in which Pakeha New Zealanders have agonised and problematised their search for identity as an island people living among an aggressive indigenous population and in an insecure dependent economy. New Zealand identity has always been problematised as has Chinese identity: what does it mean to be Chinese? Now Asian identity has become the current issue: “We're not Asians” was the title of the paper by Lily Kong on identity among Singaporean students in Australia. White Australians appear much more content and complacent with their identity and do not indulge as much in navel gazing. And yet it may be that it is the “Australian identity” that needs to be challenged and contested so that it becomes less an exclusively WASP-ish male mateship and more inclusive of women, Aborigines and Asians.
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Williams, Michael. „Brief Sojourn in your Native Land: Sydney Links with South China“. Queensland Review 6, Nr. 2 (November 1999): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600001112.
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The title of this paper is taken from a testimonial signed by a number of Gundagai residents on the departure for China in 1903 of Mark Loong after sixteen years in the district. That the notion of a person ‘sojourning’ in China is a contradiction of the prevailing ‘sojourner’ concept usually held about early Chinese migrants in Australia is the result the failure of Australian-Chinese research to fully appreciate the significance of family and district links between Australia and China and their impact upon the motivation, organisation and settlement patterns of Chinese people in Australia before the middle of the twentieth century. Without such an appreciation most research into Australian-Chinese history has focused only on those who established families in Australia or who ran successful businesses. This paper will focus on describing some features of these family and districts links with regard to that generation who arrived after the gold rushes of the 1850s to 1870s but before the Immigration Restriction Act 1901, who originated in one south China district, Zhongshan , and who lived primarily in one Australian city, Sydney. These restraints are partly due to reliance on sources such as the administrative files of the Immigration Restriction Act which begin only in 1901, and partly to the fact that this research represents a first step in the investigation of the significance of district of origin and the people of Zhongshan district in Sydney are the first to be investigated.
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BRYANT, LIA, und SUZANE LIM. „Australian-Chinese families caring for elderly relatives“. Ageing and Society 33, Nr. 8 (30.07.2012): 1401–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x12000657.
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ABSTRACTCaring for elderly relatives has predominately been explored from the standpoint of the needs and experiences of the hegemonic culture in multicultural countries like Australia, Canada and the United States of America. Australia, in particular, has paid scant attention to cultural and linguistically diverse groups in relation to caring for the aged. In this paper we focus on Chinese-Australian families caring for elderly relatives. We explore the traditional value of filial piety which is said to underpin social norms and beliefs about caring for aged parents in Chinese cultures. Specifically we draw on four in-depth interviews with Chinese-Australian care-givers of elderly relatives to identify meanings of filial piety and practices of filial piety. Findings indicate that while filial piety is still an important value in caring for the aged, meanings about how to practise filial piety are changing and vary across families.
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de Jonge, Alice. „Australia-China-Africa investment partnerships“. critical perspectives on international business 12, Nr. 1 (07.03.2016): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-01-2014-0003.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the potential for “triangular cooperation” between investment partners from Australia, China and host African nations to contribute to the economic development in Africa. Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses a number of complementarities between Australian and Chinese investors in mining, agriculture, energy, research and education and finance – sectors vital to Africa’s future development. These complementarities are examined in light of recent development studies on the benefits of triangular cooperation and recent literature examining links between foreign direct investment (FDI) policy and economic development. Findings – The paper concludes that there is much to be gained by making the most of the existing and potential synergies between Australian, Chinese and local investors in African settings. Research limitations/implications – The implications of this paper are, first, that African nations should keep the benefits of triangular cooperation in mind when designing FDI policies and, second, that Australian and Chinese investors should be more willing to explore potential investment partner synergies when investing in Africa. The paper also suggests an agenda for future research into how good design of FDI policies might best promote healthy economic development in African nations. Practical implications – Australian and Chinese companies should be more willing to explore potential avenues for cooperation when investing in Africa, while African governments should be more mindful of how rules and policies can maximise the local benefits of FDI. Social implications – African governments should be more mindful of the quality, rather than the quantity of FDI when drafting relevant laws and policies. Originality/value – The value of the paper is in applying the concept of “triangular cooperation” to direct investment. The paper also provides an original focus on Australia-China investment synergies in African settings.
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Yu, Haiqing, und Wanning Sun. „Introduction: social media and Chinese digital diaspora in Australia“. Media International Australia 173, Nr. 1 (18.09.2019): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x19875854.
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This article explores two contested concepts: Chinese digital diaspora and social media. It signposts two issues central to the special issue that analyses the roles of digital and social media in the lives of Chinese migrants in Australia, that is, (1) WeChat and other digital platforms in enabling civic participation in Australian socio-economic, cultural, and political lives; (2) the impact of such digital practices on their identity and citizenship.
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Kee, Pookong. „Book Review: The Chinese Face in Australia — Multi-Generational Ethnicity among Australian-Born Chinese“. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 23, Nr. 2 (Juni 2014): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719681402300206.
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Wu, Siew-Mei. „Maintenance of the Chinese language in Australia“. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 18, Nr. 2 (01.01.1995): 105–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.18.2.06wu.
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This paper discusses the maintenance of Chinese in Australia. It presents the case for the high probability of the maintenance of Cantonese and Modern Standard Chinese (MSC). Some of the factors favourable to the maintenance of Cantonese and MSC include the following: relative numerical strength of the speakers; cultural dissimilarity between the dominant and the minority groups; language as a core value in the minority group; concentration of the minority groups at focal points; interaction patterns of the minority group and change in Australian language policies. These factors are examined in the light of supportive language maintenance institutions that reinforce the high probability of the maintenance of Cantonese and MSC.
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Siegel, Jeff. „Chinese Pidgin English in Southeastern Australia“. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 24, Nr. 2 (21.08.2009): 306–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.24.2.04sie.
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More than 38,000 Chinese came to Australia to prospect for gold in the second half of the 19th century. Most of them originated from the Canton region of China (now Guangdong), where Chinese Pidgin English (CPE) was an important trading language. This article describes a recently discovered source that throws light on the nature of CPE used in Australia during that period — a 70 page notebook written in a form of English by a Chinese gold miner, Jong Ah Siug. The article presents some background information about Chinese immigrants in the region where Jong worked (Victoria), and evidence that some CPE was spoken there. It goes on to describe Jong’s notebook and the circumstances that led to him writing it. The main part of the article examines the linguistic features of CPE and other pidgins that are present in the notebook, and discusses other lexical and morphosyntactic features of the text. Some features are typical only of CPE, such as the use of my as the first person pronoun. On the other hand, some features are more characteristic of Australian or Pacific pidgins — for example, the use of belong in possessive constructions. Still other features have not been recorded for any pidgin, such as the use of been as a locative copula. The analysis shows that Jong’s text contains a mixture of features from CPE and other pidgins, as well as features of interlanguage, including some resulting from functional transfer from Jong’s first language, Cantonese.
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Colic-Peisker, Val, und Ling Deng. „Chinese business migrants in Australia: Middle-class transnationalism and ‘dual embeddedness’“. Journal of Sociology 55, Nr. 2 (21.03.2019): 234–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783319836281.
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Over the past two decades, four-fifths of the business immigration to Australia originated from China. Australian business migrants are required to undertake a two-step migration pathway: first they demonstrate a certain level of assets and business success to qualify for temporary entry and then, through successful business activity, they qualify for permanent residency (PR). Using in-depth interview narratives and survey data, this article explores migration motives and experiences of Chinese business migrants in Melbourne, Australia and situates them within the conceptual framework of middle-class transnationalism and ‘dual embeddedness’. We found that our respondents were primarily driven by motives other than the likelihood of business success in Australia, such as the prospects of good education for their children and a cleaner environment. Gaining Australian PR emerged as the key milestone in the migration process, allowing migrants to move freely between home and host countries and live as ‘dually embedded’ transnationals.
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Su, Tiping. „Chinese in the Australian Dictionary of Biography and in Australia“. Australian Journal of Biography and History 1 (11.12.2018): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/ajbh.2018.09.
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Patrickson, Margaret, und Leonie Hallo. „Female Immigrant Entrepreneurship: The Experience of Chinese Migrants to Australia“. Administrative Sciences 11, Nr. 4 (03.12.2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040145.
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This article reports on findings from interviews with a small group of Chinese female immigrants to Australia who have started up their own business since their arrival. Unlike most publications concerning immigration that focus upon financial factors, we have instead concentrated on their personal journeys, why they started their businesses and the benefits they sought. We interviewed thirteen participants in Adelaide who had recently arrived from China with the aim of immigrating permanently to Australia. Immigration records indicate that by 2020 this figure had risen to over 160,000 per annum. However, it dropped again quickly in 2020 following the beginning of COVID-19. Nonetheless, according to recent Australian government records, over 866,200 current Australian residents have Chinese ancestry and 74% are first-generation migrants. The primary motivators for respondents were independence and control as well as income and skill development. Respondents were also satisfied by the personal development they gained.
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Sun, Wanning, Jia Gao, Audrey Yue und John Sinclair. „The Chinese-Language Press in Australia: A Preliminary Scoping Study“. Media International Australia 138, Nr. 1 (Februar 2011): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1113800115.
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Despite clear evidence pointing to the centrality of the Chinese press in the historical formation of the Chinese community, and despite the continued importance of the Chinese-language press in the current political, cultural, social and economic life of the Chinese community, there is little understanding of its history and recent growth in mainstream English-language media scholarship. Worse still, the shift in recent scholarship to the power of cyberspace and other forms of new media in assisting the formations of diasporic subjectivities runs the risk of giving the impression that the print media are no longer relevant. Our article aims to address this blind spot by mapping out the contours of change and continuity within the Chinese-language press in Australia. In the first part, we provide a brief historical account of the Chinese migrant communities in Australia, and the role of the press in their formation. We argue that this symbiotic relationship is crucial to understanding the development of the early Chinese-language print media in Australia, which was a less than hospitable society for the Chinese migrants. We then trace the development and evolution of the Chinese-language print media in a range of areas, including the Chinese-language media's current modus operandi, business strategies, cultural practices and ideological positioning, within the context of China's rise and the widening impact of China's promotion of soft power. We conclude by identifying some future directions in the research on the Chinese-language media in Australia, thus contributing to our understanding of some of the opportunities and challenges present in the (re)shaping of Australia's multicultural policies and politics.
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Pe-Pua, Rogelia, und J. Ryan. „Ancestors: Chinese in Colonial Australia.“ International Migration Review 31, Nr. 4 (1997): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2547447.
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Bensoussan, Alan, Stephen P. Myers, Stephen Kermode und Sungwon Chang. „Traditional Chinese Medicine in Australia“. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 19, Nr. 2 (November 1997): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1360080970190208.
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Talmacs, Nicole. „Chinese cinema and Australian audiences: an exploratory study“. Media International Australia 175, Nr. 1 (05.03.2020): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x20908083.
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Since Wanda’s acquisition of Hoyts Group in 2015, and Australia’s signing of the Film Co-production Treaty with China in 2008, Chinese cinema has gained access to mainstream Australian cinemas more than ever before. To date, these films have struggled to cross over into the mainstream (that is, attract non-diasporic audiences). Drawing on film screenings of a selection of both Chinese and Chinese-foreign co-productions recently theatrically released in major cities in Australia, this article finds Chinese and Chinese-foreign co-produced cinema will likely continue to lack appeal among non-Chinese Australian audiences. Concerningly, exposure to contemporary Chinese cinema was found to negatively impact willingness to watch Chinese cinema again, and in some cases, worsen impressions of China and Chinese society.
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LIAO, Chih-I. „Language Used by Chinese Malaysian Students Studying at an Australian University“. Issues in Language Studies 9, Nr. 1 (29.06.2020): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ils.2350.2020.
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In Australia, more than 33% of total international students are Mandarin speakers. Mandarin has become a common language in the international student community in Australia. Speaking Mandarin is important while studying in an English-speaking country. This article explores Chinese Malaysian students’ language proficiency and their language attitudes. Five participants were selected from an Australian university, they were interviewed based on sociolinguistic case study research. The language proficiency of five participants was classified at five levels and the participants were required to self-rate in all their languages in the questionnaire. The findings show that three of the five participants preferred speaking English in Australia while the other two felt more confident of speaking Mandarin. All participants claimed that living in Australia, English and Mandarin are equally important. In contrast, the five participants’ Bahasa Melayu proficiencies had largely decreased because of less practice and negative attitudes.
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Hu, Jie, und Zhiqiang Wang. „Non-prescribed antibiotic use and general practitioner service utilisation among Chinese migrants in Australia“. Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, Nr. 5 (2016): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py15076.
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Non-prescribed antibiotic use occurs worldwide and is an important contributor to antibiotic resistance. Social and health system factors were related to the practice of self-medication with antibiotics. This study aims to investigate the practice of non-prescribed antibiotic use, and to assess the impact of primary health service access and use on this practice among Australian Chinese migrants. Four-hundred and twenty-six participants, who self-identified as Chinese and who had been residing in Australia for at least 12 months, were recruited through several Australian Chinese social websites to participate in an online health survey about antibiotic use and health services use from July to October 2013. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between health services utilisation factors and the use of non-prescribed antibiotics. In total, 20.2% (86/426) participants reported having used antibiotics without medical consultation in the last 12 months. Of 170 antibiotic users, 50.6% (86/170) used antibiotics without medical consultation. Chinese migrants who self-evaluated as ‘satisfied’ with the experiences of GP services were less likely to self-medicate with antibiotics. In addition, Chinese migrants without any perceived barriers to using primary health services in Australia were less likely to use non-prescribed antibiotics. Among Australian Chinese migrants, over half of antibiotic users admitted that they had used antibiotics without medical consultation. Participants with positive experience and perception of primary health services, primarily GP services, had a lower risk of using non-prescribed antibiotics.
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Wang, Carol Chunfeng, Lisa Whitehead und Sara Bayes. „“They are friendly but they don’t want to be friends with you”: A narrative inquiry into Chinese nursing students’ learning experience in Australia“. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 7, Nr. 8 (07.03.2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n8p27.
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There is increasing interest in the phenomena of international student mobility and the growing global demand for skilled nurses. Little is known, however, about the learning experiences of Chinese nursing students at Australian universities. This study begins to address this gap. A narrative inquiry methodology was employed. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions, along with field notes and observations were conducted with six Chinese undergraduate nursing students studying undergraduate nursing in Western Australia. Chinese nursing students in Australia experienced fear and anxiety, driven by unfamiliarity with the hospital environment, education methods, and assessment expectations. Clinical placement experiences in Australian health services were identified by participants as the most stressful learning experience. Forming friendships with domestic students was difficult and rare for these students: none made friends with local students or joined university groups. Despite the challenges they experienced, the participants were motivated and adaptive to a new culture and learning methods, and all, demonstrated academic success. This study provides new knowledge about the learning experiences of Chinese nursing students at Australian universities. Many of the issues identified relate to the wider discussion around effective support for international students.
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Wei, Zhang. „Making Chinese Australia Urban Elites, Newspapers and the Formation of Chinese-Australian Identity, 1892–1912“. Journal of Australian Studies 39, Nr. 1 (02.01.2015): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2014.996955.
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Singh, Jasvir Kaur Nachatar. „Why do Chinese international students studying in Australia repatriate? Australian Chinese graduates tell it all“. Journal of Further and Higher Education 44, Nr. 9 (01.10.2019): 1207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0309877x.2019.1669771.
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Pangsy-Kania, Sylwia, und Katarzyna Kania. „Australijsko-chiński handel towarowy w kontekście RCEP i wojny handlowej – diagnoza i perspektywy rozwoju“. Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej, Nr. 20 (2021): 68–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.21.001.14833.
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Australian-Chinese goods trade in the context of the RCEP and the trade war – diagnosis and development prospects The aim of this article is to analyze changes in merchandise bilateral trade relationships between Australia and China in the years of 2000–2020. Particular attention was paid to the importance of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and the trade war in response to Austalia’s call for an international inquiry into China’s handling of the coronavirus when the pandemic had become an international issue. The main purpose of this article is to diagnose and evaluate Australian-Chinese relations. The thesis was formulated as follows: the political conflict between China and Australia translates into mutual trade relations, the consequences of which are felt by both sides, but in the coming years China will still be Australia’s most important trading partner. At the same time, Australia will be looking for new markets, and China will be looking for new suppliers.
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Guo, Qi. „What Lessons can the Luckin Coffee Scandal Offer to Australia–China Cross-Border Listed Companies’ Supervision? Problems and Reform Suggestions in China“. Columbia Journal of Asian Law 35, Nr. 2 (17.08.2022): 200–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/cjal.v35i2.8932.
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The continuous disclosure compliance of Chinese cross-border companies listed in Australia has long been a concern, as Chinese companies are either frequently delisted or rejected by the Australian Securities Exchange. The particularity of cross-border listings generates information asymmetry between securities regulators based out of the host jurisdiction and the home jurisdiction. This then impacts the effectiveness of the host jurisdiction’s supervision of the cross-border listed companies and each company’s continuous disclosure compliance. The purpose of this article is to clarify the issues surrounding cross-border supervision by the securities regulators in China to shed light on current dilemmas and suggest possible reform proposals. Considering the similarities of the securities markets in the US and Australia, as a case study example, this article looks at Luckin Coffee, a US-listed Chinese company, which created a scandal in 2020 when it was accused of continuous disclosure fraud. The case points out relevant lessons for Australia–China securities cross-border supervision.
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WILLMOTT, Lindy, Ben WHITE, Christopher STACKPOOLE, Shih-Ning THEN, Hongjie MAN, Mei YU und Weixing SHEN. „Guardianship and Health Decisions in China and Australia: A Comparative Analysis“. Asian Journal of Comparative Law 12, Nr. 2 (13.07.2017): 371–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2017.16.
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AbstractThis article compares the Australian and Chinese adult guardianship systems, and considers whether there is potential for drawing on some (or many) aspects of the Australian model for the Chinese legal framework. Australia has a well-developed guardianship framework that provides mechanisms for making healthcare decisions when an adult is no longer able to do so. This framework has evolved over many years and, in some cases, individuals can decide about medical treatment in advance of the situation arising, or who should be the decision-maker if he or she later loses capacity. The current Chinese legal framework, on the other hand, is a fragmented one and comprises laws that were not designed to deal with how healthcare decisions can be made for a person without capacity. This article outlines the legal framework in both jurisdictions and considers whether, having regard to the fact that these two countries have different values and cultures, there are features of the Australian guardianship system that could inform the development of Chinese law.
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Zhao, K. „Localising Chinese language curriculum construction: A case study in an Australian primary school“. Global Chinese 6, Nr. 2 (01.09.2020): 263–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2020-0014.
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Abstract Chinese is now the second most commonly spoken language in Australia. There is a growing interest in learning Chinese in local schools. However, it is reported that the principally English-speaking learners in Australia have great difficulties and challenges in learning Chinese. The high dropout rate in Chinese courses demonstrates this. This paper presents a case study conducted in a local public school in New South Wales. The purpose of this study is to explore and employ the local students’ daily recurring sociolinguistic activities, performed in English at school, for creating suitable learning content. In this way, a localised Chinese curriculum is constructed in the Australian educational environment. The case study shows that the local students’ translanguaging aptitudes between English and Chinese are developing and becoming influential, as they have engaged in learning Chinese in the form of a local practice – playing chess, which is a typical instance of their daily recurring sociolinguistic activities in school. Therefore, in the process of such contextualised learning practices, not only can Chinese be made learnable for them, but also the specific vocabulary learnt can be the basis for their wider learning of Chinese in the future.
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Zhao, Shuming, Cathy Sheehan, Helen De Cieri und Brian Cooper. „A comparative study of HR involvement in strategic decision-making in China and Australia“. Chinese Management Studies 13, Nr. 2 (03.06.2019): 258–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-08-2018-0643.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address gaps in the knowledge about human resource (HR) professional involvement in strategic decision-making in China compared with that in Australia. Design/methodology/approach First, the authors compare the strategic involvement of Chinese and Australian HR professionals. Second, based on the upper echelon theory, the authors compare the impact of chief executive officer (CEO) and top management team (TMT) between both countries on HR involvement in strategic decision-making. Data were collected from matched pairs of HR and TMT executives in China (n = 168) and in Australia (n = 102). Findings Results indicate a difference, despite of no statistical significance, in HR involvement in strategic decision-making between Chinese and Australian samples. TMT behavioural integration was positively related to HR involvement in strategic decision-making in a collectivistic culture (i.e. in China), but not in an individualistic culture (i.e. in Australia). However, CEO support for HRM was positively related to HR involvement in strategic decision-making in Australia, whereas it is not related in China. Originality/value The paper conducts a comparative study and practical, and research implications are discussed at the end.
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GOLDSMITH, BENJAMIN E., und MATTHEW LINLEY. „Engaged or Not? Perceptions of Australian Influence among Asian Publics“. Japanese Journal of Political Science 13, Nr. 4 (01.11.2012): 525–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109912000254.
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AbstractDespite Australia's increasing economic ties with Asia, little is known about how it is perceived by the typical citizen in the region. This paper seeks to contribute to the Australian discussion on ‘Asian engagement’, as well as to a general understanding of the structure of foreign policy beliefs, by examining perceptions of Australia's influence among the mass publics of 14 Asian polities. Despite some anxiety in Australia on national op-ed pages and among political leaders over how the country is perceived, we find that the average person in Asia probably does not have a strong or meaningful opinion about Australia's foreign policy. Using survey data covering the years 2006 through 2008 from the AsiaBarometer project, we find that, on average, far more people view Australia's influence on their country favorably (40.5%) than view it unfavorably (6.1%). A similar percentage (41.5%), however, have neutral views of Australia's influence, and 12% of people in Asian nations express no opinion on the topic. We suggest these high frequencies of neutral perceptions and non-response are evidence of considerable indifference towards Australia. Furthermore, we investigate the correlates of perceptions of Australia's influence and find that in almost all cases citizens’ views about US and Chinese influence on their country are much better predictors of their views of Australia's influence than core values, identity, information, and demographic characteristics. We posit that opinions about Australia, even those that are favorable, may have less to do with perceptions of Australia specifically, and more to do with respondents’ general internationalist sentiment or perceptions of major powers.
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Hu (胡博林), Bolin. „Reporting China“. Journal of Chinese Overseas 17, Nr. 1 (08.04.2021): 84–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341435.
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Abstract This article explores how Chinese-language newspapers in Australia reported on China in the period 1931–37. These newspapers made efforts to build support for the Sino-Japanese war and influence Chinese residents in Australia. However, they offered contrasting views of the Chinese government ruled by the Kuomintang. The Tung Wah Times, along with the Chinese World’s News, continued to publish anti-Chiang Kai-shek propaganda, arguing for a strong anti-Japanese resistance. But the Chinese Republic News and the Chinese Times demonstrated support for and understanding of the Chiang government’s dilemma, though the political position of the former was much more fluid. The divergent views revealed the multiple loyalties of Chinese residents in Australia and their active community politics when their population in Australia was declining, and it was a reminder that the diasporic community cannot be homogenized with a collective concept of a “country.” It also reflected their shared identification with the Chinese nation, showing different approaches to building up a strong home country. By shaping their readerships’ Chinese patriotism and nationalism, these Chinese-language newspapers strengthened the connection and allegiances between Chinese in Australia and their homeland.
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Loy-Wilson, Sophie. „A Chinese shopkeeper on the Atherton Tablelands: Tracing connections between regional Queensland and regional China in Taam Szu Pui's My life and work“. Queensland Review 21, Nr. 2 (12.11.2014): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2014.23.
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Chinese-run stores were a vital part of the regional communities that developed throughout Australia in the nineteenth century. Functioning variously as supply stores, post offices, banks, cook-shops, hotels and hiring depots, they helped to maintain links between regional areas and metropolitan centres, connecting local businesses to overseas markets. Chinese immigrants were a dominant part of this retail trade across the country. By 1901, there were 800 people of Chinese descent working in Queensland shops, while the South Australian census listed 400 Chinese shopkeepers for the same year.
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Yu, Yinghua. „Careers of New Chinese Professional Women“. Culture Unbound 13, Nr. 2 (08.02.2022): 178–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.3301.
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This paper considers a specific cohort of new Chinese professional women born under the one-child policy in the People's Republic of China (PRC). It explores their perceptions and experiences of career in Australia through qualitative data collected from twenty-one professionals. This paper seeks to unpack the complexities of their career planning, pathways, and change, including their use of the WeChat platform to mediate their careers. I argue that new Chinese professional women's experience of career is ambivalent. They aspired to achieve some degree of 'freedom' through choosing to further their career in Australia; simultaneously, they attempted to build homeland connections and fulfil familial obligations as Dushengnv. As a result of constant negotiation, their career pathways were full of 'nonlinear' changes. WeChat works specifically as one important platform that structures the ambivalence experienced – it allows them to establish connections with family in China and the local ethnic community, but it may also limit their ability to develop networks in the Australian workplace; it offers opportunities for entrepreneurship, yet it complicates their social positions. The paper contributes to broader knowledge of new Chineseprofessional women's careers.
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Bush, R. D., J. K. House, B. Hamilton und P. C. Wynn. „A training program to improve milk production in the developing Chinese dairy industry“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, Nr. 7 (2008): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07409.
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The Chinese government has been concerned about the inability of Holstein heifers imported from Australia to perform to their genetic potential. Therefore, the Australian government initiated an extension program to address the nutritional, environmental and health management of these animals. This involved developing appropriate resources and providing on-site training at workshops in four Chinese provinces (Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei and Heilongjiang) that have been the major recipients of Australian cattle and together account for 65% of China’s dairy herd. Training resources were developed in the form of a comprehensive reference manual, a set of 12 applied fact sheets and an interactive DVD. Training has been delivered to over 285 key dairy extension workers and farmers from across China, with over 90% of participants giving a positive appraisal for all workshop sessions. The growth of dairy farming in China is likely to be the key driver of continued demand for dairy heifers from Australia and associated support for training, which must now be the initiative of the Chinese government.
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Shen, Chunxuan, und Wenying Jiang. „Chinese Immigrant Parents’ Attitudes, Expectations and Practices regarding Their Children’s Chinese Language Maintenance“. Heritage Language Journal 19, Nr. 1 (30.08.2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15507076-12340023.
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Abstract This study investigates the attitudes, expectations and reported practices of Chinese immigrant parents with respect to their children’s Chinese language maintenance in Brisbane, Australia. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with 30 parents. The study found that these parents unanimously agreed on the benefits of maintaining the Chinese language for their children. However, their positive attitudes were neither fully reflected in their expectations nor enacted in their practices. Parental expectations of their children’s Chinese proficiency were not very high, with only four parents hoping that their children would acquire both oracy and literacy in Chinese. Home practices of cultivating Chinese literacy were largely lacking. Our findings suggest that future improvement of Chinese LOTE programs in Australian schools would induce Chinese parents to make more effort in promoting heritage language practices among their children, particularly literacy-related language practices at home.
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Tang, Melody. „Contributions of Capitals to Chinese International Graduates’ Employability in Australia“. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education 14, Nr. 5A (14.01.2023): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v14i5a.5066.
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This research explores the employability of Chinese international graduates in the Australian labor market. It captures the significance of six forms of capital (i.e., human, social, cultural, psychological, identity, and agentic) to Chinese international graduates when they develop their careers in Australia. The research employed Bourdieu’s theory of practice and a capitals-based approach as the theoretical framework. Data were collected via an online survey (N=203) and in-depth interviews (N=14). The findings reveal that in addition to getting employments in Australia, the graduates also benefited from developing and utilizing these six capitals in terms of sustainable employments, professional growth, and well-being. As such, this research argued for a broad definition of employability which include different capitals as the inputs and different aspects of employability outcomes as the outputs, namely, employment outcomes, sustainable employments, professional growth, and well-being. The findings also implied that various stakeholders should share responsibilities to support international students in building multiple capitals.