Dissertationen zum Thema „Chimie sur surface“
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Saboo, Tapish. „Chimie organométallique de surface sur l’oxyde de titane“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1061/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSurface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) is used to design well-defined catalysts. It has been employed here to lay the foundation of SOMC on photocatalytic support, a previously little if any explored area. TiO2 anatase was used as the photocatalytic support due to its high stability, photoactivity and nontoxicity. The chemical nature and the surface density of the reactive moieties found on anatase support has been determined. A Ta complex, well-known in literature, was used to conduct the first principal studies regarding the interaction between the surface and the organometallic complex. The results provide solid insights into organometallic grafting and metal to metal charge transfer mechanisms for developing well-defined photocatalysts by SOMC
Lesage, Pierre. „Chimie organométallique de surface sur métaux et valorisation des terpènes“. Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10283.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDidillon, Blaise. „Chimie organométallique de surface sur métaux : application à l'hydrogénation de substrats polyfonctionnels“. Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10178.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePigot, Corentin. „Dérivés d’indanes : de la chimie sur surface à la synthèse de composés push-pull aux multiples applications“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0542.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIndane is a molecular family with a particular importance in organic chemistry. Among them indane-based push-pull dyes have been extensively studied for non-linear optical devices and in solar cells purposes. Some of them, based on indane-1,3-dione core, have also emerged as photoinitiators in photopolymerization with encouraging results but few indane-based dyes were used later on. In this context, indane based push-pull, activable in the all visible range, may have a role to play. At the same time, indanes are well-known to form truxenes, an important motif for nanomaterials, which is why these molecules are seriously considered as synthon for surface chemistry applications. Moreover, the use of the s-indacene-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone, also called “INDO4”, showed a multiple reactivity depend of the nature of the surface. Even if none of the oligomer observed were truxene motifs, a different comportment could still be expected by depositing an indane with a different geometry or nature. Considering the possibility of utilisation in photopolymerization and in surface chemistry, this thesis will treat of the synthesis of various structure in order to obtain the desired properties for these applications
Grinenval, Éva. „Chimie organométallique de surface sur hétéropolyacides anhydres de type Keggin : application en catalyse“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10184.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work was the preparation and characterization of anhydrous heteropolyanions on oxide supports using surface organometallic chemistry approach. Anhydrous H3PMo12O40 and H3PW12O40 were prepared on partially dehydroxylated silica. This reaction led to an ionic interaction by protonation of surface silanols. The reactivity of these heteropoly compounds with alkylsilanes was studied in homogeneous conditions and led to the formation of cationic silicon species [Et2MeSi+]3[HPA3-] and release of hydrogen. This reactivity was then applied in heterogeneous conditions by introduction of silane groups [(≡SiO)SiMe2H] at the silica surface and led to the formation of a surface polyoxometalate species covalently bonded to the support. The introduction of chloroalkylsilane groups [(≡SiO)SiMeCl2] and [(≡SiO)2SiMeCl] has also enabled the formation of covalent bonds Si Support-O-M HPA. In addition, methane activation was observed on all HPA/SiO2 solids through the releases of CO2, H2O, H2. The C-H activation takes place on these systems even at low temperature and obtained data suggest the formation of a methoxy surface species by reaction of stronf acidic protons with methane
Demers-Carpentier, Vincent. „Étude des mécanismes de transfert de chiralité sur une surface catalytique“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29358/29358.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLy, Mai Huong. „Etude des propriétés de surface des bactéries lactiques, impact sur les matrices alimentaires“. Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this works is to study the bacterial surface properties to understand the interactions between bacteria and other components in food matrices. The results showed the diversity of hydrophobicity, charge and Lewis acid/base properties of bacteria. The bacteria with the different properties were studied to evaluate their adhesion to food components and their impacts on (i) the stability of emulsion made with surfactants or milk proteins, (ii) on the retentions of aroma compounds and (iii) on their localization in acid milk gels. The different impacts related to the diversity of bacterial surface properties show that these properties should be taken into account for the applications of bacteria in food technology process
Giordano, Hélène. „Approche cinétique des équilibres de ségrégation et de formation d'alliages de surface de l'antimoine sur le cuivre“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX11005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMouhat, Kawtar. „Elaboration de réseaux bidimensionnels covalents organiques sur surface“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4752.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, the engineering of nanometer-sized systems is a promising field for the development of little-sized systems. The possibility of extending these systems to applications such as molecular electronics or surface property tuning has attracted much attention to the scientific community. However, in order to construct complex electronic devices from organic molecules, covalent assembly of building blocks on surface is primordial. The researches carried out in this work thesis rest on the construction of two-dimensional frameworks from molecular building blocks deposited on surface. The achievement of such networks consists, first of all, in the synthesis of different precursors and afterwards, in the deposition of these molecular buildingblocks on metallic or graphite surfaces. The growth of such networks is controlled by changing deposition conditions which occurs in ultra-high vacuum or in liquid media. The framework can be built from the precursor itself, which reacts with each other to give rise to the network. Reactions such as self-condensation, oxydative polymerization or either cyclotrimerization are broached. Moreover, reactions between two different precursors are also described. After molecular building block synthesis, on-surface study is detailed which framework characterization is followed by scanning tunneling microscopy
Dupart, Yoan. „Impact de la chimie des poussières minérales sur la photochimie atmosphérique“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10292/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this work is to study the heterogeneous processes of mineral dust surfacesunder UV-A radiation. It is know that mineral dust containing metal oxides which can absorbsolar radiation and therefore activate a different chemistry compared to that observed in thedark. In order to avoid measurement artifacts related to the nature of macroscopic films, anaerosol flow tube was developed during this work and applied to study the interactions ofSO2, NO2 and O3 with real mineral dust.An unexpected formation of new particles in the presence of SO2 was observed. In order toexplain this phenomenon, we suggest the desorption of OH radicals from the mineral dustsurface to the gas phase. This mechanism has also been supported by field campaigns.Using real samples of volcanic ash from the last eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland (2010)allowed us study capture of SO2 on macroscopic ashes films with uptake coefficient around10-7. Associated kinetic experiments combined with chemical analysis allowed us to propose areaction mechanism explaining the formation of iron sulfate on the surface of ashes.Finally, we investigated the photochemical interactions of O3 and NO2 with minerals dustaerosols in the flow tube reactor showing a good agreement with previous data obtained onmacroscopic surfaces
Tauk, Lara. „Formation hiérarchique de gradients (bio)fonctionnels fondés sur des monocouches auto-assemblées stimulables par le pH“. Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6203.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work we show that dynamic covalent chemistry can be used to functionalize surfaces in such a way that their interfacial properties can be controllably varied in space and time. As a proof of principle and in order to illustrate the potential of this technique we have developed DynaSAMs which enable the hierarchical construction of mixed gradients that are comprised of either small functional molecules or proteins. This thesis is divided into two main parts. The first one concerns the design, synthesis and characterization of our target molecules. The second one described surface’s functionalization with these molecules as well as their dynamic exchange in space and time. The synthetic aspect consists in functionalizing cyanines type dyes by different amines as recognition groups having different pKa. These molecules can then be grafted onto an aldehyde functionalized surface using reversible imines bonds. The possibility to obtain many types of fluorescent gradients by pH modulation allowed us to establish a proof of principle for the new approach. The generality of this technique was illustrated by the elaboration of wettability gradients from a mixture of amines bearing hydrophobic and hydrophilic entities and especially, by the formation of biomaterials which are composed of avidine and streptavidine proteins gradients. The DynaSAMs approach opens up an interesting research framework related to the design of new responsive interfacial systems that can adapt their constituents to external parameters
Nedez, Christophe. „Chimie organométallique de surface de l'étain, du germanium et du zirconium : application à la séparation moléculaire sur zéolithes“. Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10197.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDe, Leener Gaël. „Nouveaux complexes biomimétiques dérivés de calix[6]azacryptands :étude des effets de seconde sphère et greffage sur surface“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/228642.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlus de 30% des enzymes présentent un ion métallique dans leur site actif qui est la clé pour les réactions de catalyse. Une sous-famille d’enzymes comporte un site actif où un seul ion métallique (Zn2+ ou Cun+) est coordiné à un cœur polyhistidine. L’élaboration de composés modèles est important pour la compréhension des mécanismes fondamentaux impliqués dans le cycle biocatalytique de ces enzymes mononucléaires. Dans ce contexte, nous avons développé des ligands basés sur des calix[6]arènes présentant un chapeau polyazoté lié de manière covalente au macrocycle. Ces ligands offrent un site de coordination pour le métal et une cavité hydrophobe bien définie. Cet assemblage permet et contrôle la liaison d’un ligand exogène dans la cavité. Afin de moduler les propriétés des complexes métalliques calixaréniques basés sur une unité coordinante tren (tris(2-aminoéthyl)amine), nous avons synthétisé avec succès et étudié plusieurs nouveaux récepteurs calix[6]aréniques.La synthèse de récepteurs bisétagés, le calix[6]amido-tren et le calix[6]amido-tacn, a permis de modifier la seconde sphère de coordination par incorporation de groupements amide entre la cavité et le site de coordination. Cette stratégie s’est avérée efficace. En effet, la coordination d’anions au centre métallique a été mise en évidence et en particulier celle simultanée de deux Cl pour le Cu-calix[6]amido-tren. Cette coordination d’un ou plusieurs invités anioniques était impossible dans le cas du calix[6]tren parent qui présente une seconde sphère de coordination électroniquement dense et un chapeau trop petit pour y accueillir plusieurs invités. La présence de groupements carbonyle entre la chapeau tren et le calixarène modifie également le comportement des complexes :leur coordination au centre métallique entre en compétition avec celle d’invités exogènes. L’oxydation d’amines encombrées sous O2 en hydroxylamines et oximes a été réalisée par la réduction du complexe cuivrique du calix[6]amido-tren par électrochimie. Ce type d’amines n’est pas oxydable par l’adduit superoxo du complexe parent, dû à la taille de la cavité qui empêche la coordination d’invités encombrés. De plus, la formation d’un adduit superoxo a été mise en évidence qualitativement au départ du complexe cuivreux isolé de ce même composé. Ces résultats permettent d’envisager des études de réactivité mimant le site actif des enzymes PHM et DβM par exemple. Enfin, une comparaison des propriétés hôte-invité et de la réactivité des complexes du calix[6]amido-tren avec celles des complexes du calix[6]amido-tacn a été réalisée afin d’évaluer l’impact de la nature du chapeau polyazoté sur les propriétés hôte-invité et la réactivité de ces complexes.Une méthodologie de déméthylation assistée de manière supramoléculaire a été développée pour différents calix[6]azacryptands chapeautés. Celle-ci a ensuite été appliquée avec succès à la déméthylation du calix[6]tren pour obtenir le calix[6]trentrisPhOH. Ce récepteur a montré un comportement très différent de celui du récepteur parent. En effet, la complexation d’anions et d’ammoniums biologiquement pertinents a été possible par ce récepteur protonné. L’interaction entre le centre métallique et les phénates en présence de base a conduit à la réalisation d’un switch moléculaire multi-étapes entre différents états de protonation du récepteur et du complexe zincique. Son complexe cuivrique a montré la présence d’un radical phénoxyle après oxydation du phénate. Cette espèce CuII-radical phénoxyle mime la forme oxydée du site actif de la galactose oxydase, catalysant l’oxydation d’alcools en aldéhydes. Ces résultats ouvrent donc la voie à de nouvelles perspectives pour les études de réactivité de ce composé.Un analogue du calix[6]tren, porteur d’un bras avec une fonction réactive sur le chapeau, a été synthétisé et complexé au cuivre avant d’être immobilisé sur surface via la formation de monocouches. Les électrodes ainsi modifiées ont été étudiées en milieu organique et aqueux. En milieu organique, les propriétés hôte-invité du calix[6]tren sont conservées après immobilisation. En milieu aqueux, un système redox réversible a été observé. Celui-ci a permis la détection sélective d’alkylamines linéaires par le système à pH basique. A notre connaissance, il s’agit du premier système supramoléculaire à cuivre, immobilisé sur surface, qui permet cette détection en milieu aqueux.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Paradis, Etienne. „Étude expérimentale et théorique du butanethiol absorbé sur une surface Au(111)“. Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenHan, Guobin. „Influence des propriétés rhéologiques de surface sur la morphologie et la dynamique des mousses bidimensionnelles“. Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2382.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDUPART, YOAN. „Impact de la chimie des poussières minérales sur la photochimie atmosphérique“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942848.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMouhat, Kawtar. „Elaboration de réseaux bidimensionnels covalents organiques sur surface“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4752.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, the engineering of nanometer-sized systems is a promising field for the development of little-sized systems. The possibility of extending these systems to applications such as molecular electronics or surface property tuning has attracted much attention to the scientific community. However, in order to construct complex electronic devices from organic molecules, covalent assembly of building blocks on surface is primordial. The researches carried out in this work thesis rest on the construction of two-dimensional frameworks from molecular building blocks deposited on surface. The achievement of such networks consists, first of all, in the synthesis of different precursors and afterwards, in the deposition of these molecular buildingblocks on metallic or graphite surfaces. The growth of such networks is controlled by changing deposition conditions which occurs in ultra-high vacuum or in liquid media. The framework can be built from the precursor itself, which reacts with each other to give rise to the network. Reactions such as self-condensation, oxydative polymerization or either cyclotrimerization are broached. Moreover, reactions between two different precursors are also described. After molecular building block synthesis, on-surface study is detailed which framework characterization is followed by scanning tunneling microscopy
Haroun, Mohamed Fahim. „Simulation numérique de l'activation du méthane sur la surface (111) du nickel idéale et avec un adatome“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/HAROUN_Mohamed_Fahim_2007.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHaroun, Mohamed Fahim Légaré Pierre Maamache Mustapha. „Simulation numérique de l'activation du méthane sur la surface (111) du nickel idéale et avec un adatome“. Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/00000932.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLafleur, Lambert Raphael. „Étude comparative de l’hydrogénation du 2,2,2-trifluoroacétophénone et de l’octafluoroacétophénone sur une surface de platine modifiée par des molécules chirales et achirales“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29756/29756.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBadin, Valentin. „Création de surfaces poreuses sur des aciers inoxydables par réduction d’oxydes sous H2 à haute température“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA process for pore creation on the surface of two stainless steels, respectively austenitic and ferritic, has been investigated. That process follows two steps. An oxide scale with controlled thickness and composition is firstly generated by water vapour exposition at 1100 °C. That layer is subsequently reduced at high temperature by dihydrogen. The present work aims to better understand the mechanisms of pore formation and the influence of various reaction parameters on both oxidation and reduction course.A comprehensive characterisation of the oxide layers has been first performed. The main parameter is the alloy structure, austenitic or ferritic. The porous surfaces have been thereafter studied to establish step by step the formation mechanisms involved.It was demonstrated that the non-stoichiometry of iron oxides formerly developed on the austenitic steel is behind the pore growth mechanism on that steel.A new kind of porosity could be obtained through the preliminary building of chromium-rich oxide scales on the ferritic steel. The morphologies are in that case completely different as well as the pore formation mechanism. A specific process for the pore growth has been proposed
Outahyon, Alex. „Influences de paramètres d’usinage et de stockage sur les propriétés fonctionnelles des surfaces de bois de douglas“. Paris, ENSAM, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004949.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWood machining is a process that creates new surfaces which have precise functionalities; most of these surfaces receive protection films or glues. It is desirable to directly produce surfaces that enable these coatings to be applied without any over consumption of products and offer a high adhesive power. This research was conducted to classify the influencing factors i. E. Cutting speed, storage duration, surface roughness, position into the log (sapwood / heartwood; juvenile wood / mature wood; height into the tree) on the wettability, surface energy, finishing products behaviour for outdoor applications (cladding) and glue bond behaviour for indoor applications (glulam). This research was performed using Douglas-fir and was repeated for two machining processes: routing and sanding. Aging time was found to have a dominant effect on the degradation of surface wettabilities. These surfaces were best coated within a week following their creation. The location of the sample within the log was also found to have a significant effect; this was postulated to be a result of the variation in microfibril angle and the extractives ratio. The cutting speed was found to affect the wettability, but this was less significant than the previous factors and showed the opposite trend for routing as for sanding, where the wettability decreased as the cutting speed increased. This may well be explained by the different thermal reactions induced by the two processes. There was no effect of roughness on the wettability of routed surfaces and a positive effect in the case of sanding. The two machining processes have the same efficiency when considering the finishing coatings behaviour; however it was found that sanding should be preferred for a better glue bond
Legagneux, Nicolas. „Chimie organométallique de surface sur hétéropolyacides supportés et non supportés : application à l'oxydation partielle du méthane en méthanol“. Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work was the synthesis and characterization of organometallic complexes grafted on silica supported ans unsupported heteropolyanions. PtMe2(COD) react on silicotungstic acid (H4SiW12O40) in an homogeneous way to form [SiW12 O10 4-] [Pt+Me(COD)(DMSO]4. DMSO. This reaction allow the formation of ionic interactions between the metallic center and the heteropolyacid which keeps his Keggin structure. The reaction with tetramethyltin gives this species : [SiW10 O40 4-] [Sn+ Me3 (DMSO)2]4. 2 DMSO. The supported heteropolyacids keep their Keggins structure and, for silicotungstic acid, an acidic proton remains on the polyanion. This acidic proton reacts stoichiometrically with PtMe2(COD) with quantitative release of methane. In an other hand, the silica supported silicotungstic acid behaves as a catalyst for the grafting reaction of tetramethyltin over the silanols of the silica surface. [SiW12 O10 4-] [Pt+Me(COD)(DMSO]4. DMSO. And oleum allow us to increase the TON of the oxidation of methane into methyl bisulfacte to 69
Haidara, Hamidou. „Etude de la cohésion et de l'adhésion de revêtements protecteurs minéraux et organiques sur acier“. Mulhouse, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MULHA008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCremel, Sébastien Ehrhardt Jean-Jacques Dossot Manuel. „Contribution à l'étude des interactions ions-surfaces application aux systèmes Se(IV), Se(VI), U(VI) sur TiO2 rutile et Eu(III) sur dickite /“. S. l. : S. n, 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0085_CREMEL.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRibourdouille, Yann. „Utilisation des dendrimères en catalyse : Etude de l'impact du dendrimère sur les catalyseurs greffés à sa surface“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/RIBOURDOUILLE_Yann_2004.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDendrimers are highly branched macromolecules very well defined. These molecules possess applications in several scientific fields, including catalysis. The goal of this work is to study the impact of dendrimer onto catalysts immobilized in its periphery and more precisely the impact on the enantioselectivity of a reaction. With this aim in view, we functionalised the periphery of poly(amido)amine and poly(propylene)imine dendrimers with the Pyrphos ligand, which is a chiral diphosphine. The rhodium(I) complexes of these dendrimers were tested in asymmetric hydrogenation catalysis of alkenes. The enantioselectivity of this reaction was found to be independant of the size and type of the dendrimer. A methode of immobilisation of the dendritic rhodium(I) complexes on silica by electrostatic multilayers structures was developed and, immobilized monolayers of dendrimers were tested in asymmetric hydrogenation. The dendritic palladium(II) complexes were used in allylic substitution catalysis. A strong increase of the enantioselectivity as a function of the dendrimer size and a impact of the type of the dendrimer were observed. During the elucidation of this positive dendritic effect on the enantioselectivity, the implication of a bisdiphosphine palladium complex was underlined
Aubanel, Laurent. „Etude des modifications superficielles engendrées sur un polymère par un rayonnement laser“. Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10344.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBar, Laure. „Etude et caractérisation du rituximab sur surface antigénique : conception de mimes d'anticorps“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs they recognize tumor antigens in a very specific manner, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) became a major tool for the treatment of many cancers. Despite the improvement in remission rates, mAbs suffer from limitations that relate mainly to their high molecular weight, their high cost, and the polymorphism of their Fc region. The design of small synthetic mAb mimics is therefore an attractive way to bypass these problems. To design efficient and specific mimics, we studied in detail an antibody / antigen interaction, especially rituximab / CD20 interaction occurring in the treatment of some lymphoma. MAb mimics are macromolecular constructs composed of short peptide sequences included in the Rituximab paratope. The selection of the peptides deeply involved in the recognition of the tumor cell was carried out by using a surface sensitive technique called surface plasmon resonance (SPR - Biacore). To perform this selection, it was first necessary to develop an antigenic surface for peptide screening. The characterization of this surface by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and SPR made it possible to acquire a lot of information such as the dependence of the inter-CD20 spacing on the mAb recognition process. Following the screening, the peptide sequences of the paratope areas involved in CD20 recognition could be determined with high precision, and then be used to prepare synthetic mAb mimics
Hussein, Fatima. „Formation de nanostructures organiques contrôlées par auto-assemblages supramoléculaires et réactions sur surface“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0521.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe controlled formation of new objects at the nanoscale is an important challenge for the development of new materials and electronic devices. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to propose new strategies to control the formation of organic nanostructures on surfaces based on the concepts of supramolecular self-assembly and on-surface synthesis and investigate their properties. First, we studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at ambient conditions the control of the size of the domains formed at the liquid-solid interface on HOPG from a bimolecular solution of trimesic acid (TMA) and benzoic acid (BZA). The results show that the formation of the domains is very sensitive to the stoichiometry ratio between the two molecules and a fine-tuning of this latter is required. Then, we studied the polymerization of 1,4-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzene (DTB) on Cu(111) under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) by STM and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), supplemented by non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) and theoretical modelling based on the density functional theory (DFT). The results show the formation of unsaturated hydrocarbon chains based on C-S activation. Finally, we demonstrated by STM and XPS under UHV that the use of the bifunctional chiral precursor (R)-6-bromo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (BrPhINDO) leads to the formation of different covalently bonded structures on Cu(111) with chiral inversion inducing partial racemization
Mora, Patxi. „Modélisation quantique de l'adsorption de molécules sur la surface de semi-conducteurs“. Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is the ab initio study of molecule physisorption on semiconductor surfaces. The purpose is to develop a theoretical approach to evaluation of the Van der Waals dispersion coefficient, including electronic correlation effects, for a neutral non-polar molecule interacting with a crystalline surface. We have considered the adsorption of nitrogen on graphite or boron nitride surfaces extracted from hexagonal triperiodic lattices. After a brief fresher of the methods for calculating electronic wave functions for molecular and periodic systems in the first chapter, we demonstrate the possibility of analytically modelling, by a R-4 dependant law, the dispersion energy for a molecule-surface interaction. The corresponding Van der Waals coefficient is obtained, after validation of the additivity hypothesis, by the sum of all the contributions of the molecule-primary lattice interactions. These methodological developments leaded us to implement a protocol based on the calculation of the imaginary dynamic polarisability of each system. One of its advantages is the possibility to consider a molecule in an excited state. Applied to the physisorption of dinitrogen on graphite, our model was validated by comparison of our results with experimental data in the case of the well known system of N2 physisorbed on carbon surfaces. Results obtained with N2 adsorbed on BN, confirm the value of this approach
Losno, Marion. „Développement d'un microsystème séparatif sur monolithe organique pour l'analyse des radionucléides en milieu acide nitrique“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066423/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRadionuclides analysis is a key point for nuclear waste management and nuclear material control. Several steps of sample modification have to be carried out before measurements in order to avoid any interferences and improve measurement precision. However those different steps are long, irradiant and difficult to achieve in gloveboxes. Moreover they produce liquid and solid waste. The goal of the study is to offer a new alternative to the use of solid phase extraction column for radionuclides separation in hard nitric acid medium. The system will decrease the amount of nuclear waste due to the analysis and automatize the different steps of the analysis. A plastic device made of COC containing a micro solid phase extraction column is first designed. Stationary phase is a poly(AMA-co-EDMA) monolith synthetized in situ. Its structure is adjustable and its functionalization versatile with a high resistance to nitric acid medium. Exchange capacity is 150 mg/g of monolith for TBP and TBP/CMPO column and up to 280 mg/g of monolith in case of DAAP. Exchange coefficients are determined for U(VI), Th(IV), Eu(III) and Nd(III) for 3 different extractants (and Pu(IV) in case of TBP column). Monolith synthesis is transferred in centrifugal device and hydrodynamic behavior studied. U,Th/Eu separation was finally carried out in both classic and centrifugal microsystem on TBP column
David, Tomasovic Lucas. „Compréhension des mécanismes d’adhésion d’une nouvelle génération de colles époxy crash sur aciers pour l’industrie automobile“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2021. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdhesive bonding is widely used in automotive industry as joining technique to ensure features as fatigue resistance and the assembly of different materials types and thicknesses. ArcelorMittal as steel manufacturer developed new anticorrosion coatings ZnMgAl, which must be compatible with epoxy adhesives. A new generation of crash adhesives greatly increases the adhesive properties on these new coatings in comparison to former adhesives. These adhesives contain two new components: silanes and glass beads. Model adhesives with simplified composition were formulated to understand how each of these components impact on adhesion properties on metallic substrates. Moreover, the surface of coated steels has been characterized to correlate surface chemistry and adhesion, particularly as for the presence of hydroxyl groups at the extreme surface. Coated steels were modelled by pure metallic substrates, constituting their surface chemical domains, namely zinc, magnesium and aluminum. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) terminated with hydroxyl groups were also developed to control the surface density of hydroxyl groups without impacting surface roughness and to evaluate the importance of the surface density of hydroxyl groups on the adhesion of crash adhesives. This was studied by peel tests, revealing that a minimal density of hydroxyl groups is required for obtaining good adhesion properties. Finally, the influence of glass beads incorporation in new adhesives was studied both experimentally and numerically to understand how it changes failure patterns without reducing shear strength
Rey-Hanot, Laurence. „Adsorption de gaz traces sur la glace : application à la chimie des nuages et du manteau neigeux“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTena, Emmanuel. „Chimie organométallique de surface sur métaux de composés du groupe XIV fonctionnalisés sur des chaînes alkyles : application à l'hydrogénation catalytique de substrats insaturés fonctionnels“. Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10233.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTaoufik, Mostafa. „Synthèse de dérivés organogermanes chiraux et étude de leur greffage sur la surface métallique du rhodium : application à l'hydrogénation énantiosélective de substrats prochiraux“. Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAkouche, Mariame. „Synthèse prébiotique de Ribonucléotides sur des surfaces minérales“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066609/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the « RNA world» prebiotic scenario, ribonucleotide polymers are considered as the first biochemical species to have emerged. However, in aqueous solution, their formation through conventional mechanisms of condensation is thermodynamically forbidden. Several synthesis pathways of nucleotides have been described in aqueous solution; most often, they involve chemically activated molecules. Another pathway to nucleotides implies mineral surfaces, which have been considered in prebiotic processes at least since the work of Bernal in 1951. However, these studies have hardly tried to understand surface-molecule interactions and consequently, thermodynamic and/or catalytic effects of mineral surfaces are not well rationalized. In the context of Bernal's hypothesis, we present for the first time an in-situ study of the thermal reactivity of nucleotides “building blocks” adsorbed on mineral surfaces (amorphous silica, saponite) emphasizing the synthesis of nucleotides without chemical activation. In our work, we first show that mineral surfaces are able to trigger the formation of inorganic polyphosphates from monophosphates at moderate temperatures. On the other hand, adsorption of ribose on silica surface improves its thermal stabilization. While ribose decomposes at 90°C in aqueous solutions, it is stable up to 200°C on silica (in the presence of ZnCl2). Secondly, we have demonstrated the formation of PRPP, as important reaction intermediate, by co-adsorption of ribose and inorganic phosphate on the silica surface. Finally, we showed the glycosylation of adenine to adenosine and the formation of AMP (i.e. simultaneous glycosylation and phosphorylation) after co-adsorption of their components on both mineral surfaces employed. A preliminary study even suggests that nucleotide dimerisation can occur in the same conditions
Sardeing, Rodolphe. „Hydrodynamique induite par un oxygénateur de surface : influence du design des agitateurs sur la qualité de la dispersion“. Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT024G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrin, Marie. „Effet stabilisant de cations sur l'évolution texturale d'un oxyde de cérium : Étude expérimentale et modélisation“. Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844646.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelgado, Marco. „Complexes d'hafnium supportés sur γ-alumine : synthèse, caractérisation et application en polymérisation des oléfines“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNew well-defined hafnium alkyl and hydrid complexes supported on γ-alumina dehydroxylatedt at 500°C, γ-Al2O3-(500°C), have been prepared. The structure of the surface complexes obtained by grafting Hf(CH2tBu)4, 1, on γ-alumina has been resolved by a combined experimental (mass balance analysis, labeling, in situ IR, NMR) and theoretical (DFT calculations) study. Thermolysis, oxidation and hydrogenolysis reactions have unambiguously proved the presence of two kinds of neopentyl-metal bonds: Hf-CH2tBu and Al-CH2tBu. Three coexisting surface complexes have been fully characterized and quantified: a monoaluminoxy- [(≡AlIVO)Hf(CH2tBu)3], a neutral bisaluminoxy [(≡AlIVO)(AlsO)Hf(CH2tBu)2], and a zwitterionic bisaluminoxy complex [(≡AlIVO) (AlsO)Hf(CH2tBu)2]+[(CH2tBu)Als]- in 40 %, 26 %, and 34 %, respectively. Hydrogenolysis reaction of these complexes leads to the formation at 150°C of [(AlsO)3HfH], (70-80%) and [(≡AlIVO)(AlsO)Hf(H)]+[(CH2tBu)Als]- (20-30%). All these hafnium alkyl and hydrides are active in α-olefin polymerization in absence of a co-catalyst
Cremel, Sébastien. „Contribution à l’étude des interactions ions-surfaces : application aux systèmes Se(IV), Se(VI), U(VI) sur TiO2 rutile et Eu(III) sur dickite“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10085/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOxo-anions such as selenite/selenate (SeO32-/ SeO42-) and oxo-cationss such as uranyl (UO22+) are contaminants found in ultimate nuclear wastes (79Se) which could be stored in deep geological media. Furthermore, selenium mobile species can be found in high amount in some polluted soils. Adsorptions of selenite and selenate were studied on a model oxide surface, namely rutile TiO2. The final goal was to find out possible differences in reactivity among crystallographic faces and try to extrapolate the results to the powder behaviour. The goal of these studies was to use spectroscopic characterizations and batch experiments in order to propose surface complexes. As our interest is focused on the chemistry of the water/oxide interface, surface specific methods are thus required. Techniques used in this work are Angle Resolved X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Near-Field Raman Spectroscopy (NFRS), Surface Second Harmonic Generation (SSHG), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Batch experiments were performed on powders, electrokinetics measurements, sorption edge curves and sorption kinetics curves were also realized. The influence of the salt used for adjusting the ionic strength (NaClO4 and NaCl) and, as titanium dioxide exhibits strong photocatalytic properties, the influence of sunlight were also studied. A photoreduction processus from Se(VI) to Se(IV) was evidenced. The second part of this manuscript presents some exploratory works dealing with innovative spectroscopies like Near-Field Luminescence applied to the study of Eu3+ interaction with an aluminate glass and a model clay : dickite
Gilis, Natalia. „Enrichissements superficiels sur l’alliage or-argent: Études des compositions chimiques locales par sonde atomique tomographique“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/305263.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Akouche, Mariame. „Synthèse prébiotique de Ribonucléotides sur des surfaces minérales“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066609.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the « RNA world» prebiotic scenario, ribonucleotide polymers are considered as the first biochemical species to have emerged. However, in aqueous solution, their formation through conventional mechanisms of condensation is thermodynamically forbidden. Several synthesis pathways of nucleotides have been described in aqueous solution; most often, they involve chemically activated molecules. Another pathway to nucleotides implies mineral surfaces, which have been considered in prebiotic processes at least since the work of Bernal in 1951. However, these studies have hardly tried to understand surface-molecule interactions and consequently, thermodynamic and/or catalytic effects of mineral surfaces are not well rationalized. In the context of Bernal's hypothesis, we present for the first time an in-situ study of the thermal reactivity of nucleotides “building blocks” adsorbed on mineral surfaces (amorphous silica, saponite) emphasizing the synthesis of nucleotides without chemical activation. In our work, we first show that mineral surfaces are able to trigger the formation of inorganic polyphosphates from monophosphates at moderate temperatures. On the other hand, adsorption of ribose on silica surface improves its thermal stabilization. While ribose decomposes at 90°C in aqueous solutions, it is stable up to 200°C on silica (in the presence of ZnCl2). Secondly, we have demonstrated the formation of PRPP, as important reaction intermediate, by co-adsorption of ribose and inorganic phosphate on the silica surface. Finally, we showed the glycosylation of adenine to adenosine and the formation of AMP (i.e. simultaneous glycosylation and phosphorylation) after co-adsorption of their components on both mineral surfaces employed. A preliminary study even suggests that nucleotide dimerisation can occur in the same conditions
Six, Alice. „Vers le confinement contrôlé de nanoparticules dans un réseau organique nanoporeux auto-assemblé sur surface“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066557/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSurface nanostructuration by supramolecular self-assembly of organic building blocks is an area which is the subject of numerous studies for several years, in view of nanotechnology applications. However, besides the control of the building blocks organization on surface, the surface properties control still remains an important challenge. In this context, nanoporous networks are interesting because they exhibit host properties and selectivity toward guest compounds, such properties leading to functional surfaces. This thesis focus and deals with the development of new 2D or pseudo-3D nanoporous networks, obtained by the self-assembly of original organic building blocks on graphite HOPG (Highly Oriented Pyrolitic Graphite) substrate, to trap magnetic nanoparticles. Therefore, this work consisted in the synthesis of organic building blocks and the study of their self-assembly by STM. Afterwards, such 2D networks allowed the trapping of nanoparticles, leading to their regular organization on short distances. Thus, it was demonstrated that by modifying the morphology (lattice) of such nanoporous networks it is possible to modulate the distance between nanoparticles but also their interactions with the self-assembled network. To favor interactions between nanoparticles and the organic network, another approach combining not only the control of 2D organization but also an out of plane functionalization has been developed. Therefore, a new pseudo-3D network made up of building blocks, called Janus tectons, functionalized by alkyl-acid ligands, has been designed and studied by STM
BORGET, Fabien. „Etude de l'adsorption de l'ozone et du cyanoacétylène sur une surface de glace d'eau: un modèle de chimie du milieu interstellaire“. Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008849.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBorget, Fabien. „Etude de l'adsorption de l'ozone et du cyanoacétylène sur une surface de glace d'eau : un modèle de chimie du milieu insterstellaire“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleColin-Gouillou, Marie. „Etude théorique de l'échange isotopique H/D et 16-O/18-O sur la surface (001) de MgO“. Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2294.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAl, Akoum Rami. „Influence de la chimie, l'énergie et la morphologie de surface d'une série de silices pyrogéniques sur la capacité et l'énergie d'adsorption des chaînes polydiméthylsiloxane, PDMS, à leur surface“. Mulhouse, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MULH0750.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe chemical, energetic and morphological characters of series fumed silicas ranging from 500 to 400 M /g are related to their behaviours in polymer/filler mixture. Five methods of adsorption are selected: chemical approach (grafting), condensation of nitrogen at low température (specific surface, BET), introducing alkanes and siloxanes at high température (inverse gas chromatography at infinite dilution), heat exchange with différent molecular weight of polydimethylsiloxane in solution (Flow microcalorimetry) and adsorption of the same PDMS in dry mixture. The adsorption of the molécules probes on the surface of the silicas is controlled by three major effects: steric, physico-chemical and the degree of particles packing
Idriss, Hicham. „Etude des especes de surface sur catalyseurs cu-zn dans la synthese du methanol“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoudjahem, Abdel-Ghani. „Nanoparticules de nickel supportées sur silice préparées en milieu aqueux : Mécanismes de formation. Caractérisation. Propriétés de surface“. Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work of A. Boudjahem deals with nickel catalysts supported on silica prepared by nickel acetate reduction by aqueous hydrazine. The kinetics and mechanisms of the metal particles formed have been studied. The obtained particles have been characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, BAM, BET, H2 Chemisorption and TPD techniques. Their catalytic performances have been tested in benzene and acetylene hydrogenation reactions. H2 spillover, kinetics and mechanisms in benzene hydrogenation have been studied. The obtained results showed that the supported nanoparticle surface properties strongly depended on their size and shape, which, in turn, depended on thermal pretreatments, nature and texture of the support, the mode of the precursor reduction
Squillace, Ophélie. „Membranes biomimétiques fluides ancrées sur électrodes ultra-planes“. Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLipid bilayers are the structural backbone of biological membranes and provide a two-dimensional environment for proteins. Tethered on a hydrophilic substrate, these biomimetic models are fluid, long-term stable and localized. In this regard, we propose a direct, cheap and versatile strategy of surface functionalization to tether membranes on a substrate adapted to their structural and dynamics study. The process is based on the functionalization of any flat metal thin film by the covalent binding of commercial surfactant molecules (Brij, …) as “anchor-harpoons”-like systems. Most of these molecules possess unresponsive –OH terminated groups on their hydrophilic moiety (anchor) that can bind a first organic layer by nucleophilic substitution. The opposite hydrophobic tail (harpoon) of the molecule can insert into the membrane and make it stable. An ideal mixing ratio of anchor-harpoons molecules with purely hydrophilic ones (PEG, …), provides the required hydration and density of anchors to the interface for tethering fluid membranes away from the substrate. A few nanometers distance enable ionic flows through the membrane and protein inclusion. The substrate conductivity enables studying ion dynamics facing the membrane by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Flatness and semi-transparency of the conductor opens the route to many other techniques’ including exalted light microscopy or fluorescence. Localized on electrodes, tethered bilayers further provide a biomimetic model and a support for biotechnology applications