Dissertationen zum Thema „Chimie de surface zwitterionique“
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Pu, Yuzhou. „Synthesis and functionalization of hybrid plasmon-semiconductor nanoparticles for cancer phototherapy“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLS031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGold nanoparticles possess high light absorption cross sections due to their localized surface plasmon resonance, making them promising photosensitizers for various biomedical applications. Among them, gold nanorods (AuNRs), can effectively absorb light in the near-infrared range, which is the optimal window for light penetration into the human body. As a result, AuNRs hold significant potential as photosensitizers for phototherapy.When AuNRs absorb light, they generate high-energy “hot” electrons within their structure. These hot electrons can directly convert the absorbed energy into heat, leading to a temperature increase in the surrounding environment. This localized heating can effectively kill cancer cells. Alternatively, hot electrons can react with water or dioxygen in the environment, generating cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. These reactive oxygen species can induce programmed cell death. However, current challenges in phototherapies involving AuNRs revolve around the low efficiency of plasmonic energy conversion and utilization, limiting their further clinical trials. One possible solution to address this challenge is to combine AuNRs with specific semiconductors. This combination allows for the transfer of light energy absorbed by AuNRs to the semiconductor material, either through hot electron injection or energy transfer mechanisms.We synthesized hybrid dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles consisting of gold nanorods (AuNRs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), AuNR/TiO2. In this heterostructure, hot electrons generated within the AuNRs could be directly injected into the conduction band of TiO2. This transfer extends the lifetime of energetic electrons, enabling them to effectively react with dioxygen in the environment and generate hydroxyl radicals. To ensure the stability of these nanoparticles in a physiological environment, we functionalized them with polyethylene glycol-phosphonate polymer ligands. The density of these polymer ligands on the nanoparticle surface plays a crucial role in achieving optimal photoactivity. We then evaluated the potential of these hybrid nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy in vitro on cancer cells after irradiation with near-infrared (NIR) light.We also explored the combination of AuNRs with semiconductor materials such as silver sulfide and copper sulfide, resulting in the formation of core-shell hybrid nanostructures. In these hybrid systems, the plasmon energy present in the AuNRs is transferred to the semiconductor materials through dipole-dipole interactions. This energy transfer process leads to the creation of exciton pairs within the semiconductors, which can further generate reactive oxygen species. To enhance the efficiency of this energy transfer and prevent undesired recombination between excited electrons and holes, we introduced an insulating silica layer at the interface between the gold and semiconductor components. We also assessed the photoactivity of these hybrid nanoparticles under continuous-wave NIR illumination.Lastly, the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles is often compromised by their poor biodistribution, as the majority of injected nanoparticles are recognized and captured by macrophages. To address this challenge, we tested the ability of different zwitterionic polymer ligands to avoid nanoparticle capture by macrophages. Semiconductor quantum dots, iron oxide and gold nanoparticles decorated with polyzwitterions were synthesized. Their interactions with proteins and macrophages were investigated in vitro to assess their potential for improved biocompatibility and reduced macrophage uptake. Furthermore, we conducted pharmacokinetic studies on AuNRs functionalized with different types of polyzwitterions. These studies aimed to evaluate the behavior of these functionalized nanoparticles within the body and gain insights into their distribution and clearance pathways
Amin-Alami, Fadel Amal. „Propriétés interfaciales de tensioactifs zwitterioniques“. Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20149.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLEGLAYE, PASCALE. „Chimie de coordination et activite reductrice de complexes hydruroanioniques du fer et du chrome : approche zwitterionique chirale et catalyse“. Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30249.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaboo, Tapish. „Chimie organométallique de surface sur l’oxyde de titane“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1061/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSurface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) is used to design well-defined catalysts. It has been employed here to lay the foundation of SOMC on photocatalytic support, a previously little if any explored area. TiO2 anatase was used as the photocatalytic support due to its high stability, photoactivity and nontoxicity. The chemical nature and the surface density of the reactive moieties found on anatase support has been determined. A Ta complex, well-known in literature, was used to conduct the first principal studies regarding the interaction between the surface and the organometallic complex. The results provide solid insights into organometallic grafting and metal to metal charge transfer mechanisms for developing well-defined photocatalysts by SOMC
Barthel, Etienne. „Mécanique de surface du verre et physico-chimie d'interface“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00171154.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelleest le terrain d'expression de procédés de fonctionnalisation
puissants et souvent peu coûteux. Ces procédés, les propriétés ainsi
obtenues, ou souhaitées, suscitent une grande variété de
développements de nature fondamentale. Parmi ceux-ci, la mécanique
de surface allie physico-chimie de l'interface et réponse mécanique.
Je décris ici un ensemble de projets de recherche que j'ai
développés dans ce domaine. Je traite de la question du couplage
entre surfaces et de leurs interactions à longue portée, de
l'adhésion considérée tant du point de vue macroscopique que
microscopique et enfin de la nécessité de comprendre le matériau à
l'échelle locale pour maîtriser la réponse mécanique de systèmes de
structures complexes.
Cusinato, Lucy. „Chimie de surface de nanoparticules de ruthénium : approches théoriques“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30198/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSurface chemistry of small metallic nanoparticles ( ~ 1 nm), mainly ruthenium or ruthenium alloys, has been studied at the DFT level via a theoretical approach. This study is supported by the development of analytical tools, that allow to investigate structural, electronic and thermodynamical properties of those nanoparticles. A first part is dedicated to the structural properties of metallic nanoparticles. Morphological diversity is highlighted as well as the necessity of being able to desing reliable models. The refinement of structural models is made possible via the combined use of generic nanoparticles structure design and of the reverse Monte Carlo method in order to fit experiments. Electronic or morphologic descriptors such as d-band center or generalized coordination number are applied to those nanoparticles, in relationship with their adsorption possibilities and, to a larger extent, with the Sabatier principle. An electronic descriptor of the chemical bond (COHP) is applied to the considered nanoparticles in order to show differences between structures, as well as the interactions within the metallic core and between the core and surface species. Finally, adsorption of surface species is studied. A single ligand probe is used to spot favorable adsorption sites, then higher coverages are considered so as to test its influence on the adsorption of extra ligands, and to investigate the effect of surface ligands on the metallic core morphology. To do this, thermodynamical properties of adsorbed systems have been modeled by taking into account the effect of pressure and temperature on the nanoparticles relative stabilities via ab initio thermodynamics. The same approache was eventually applied to H2/CO coadsorbed at ruthenium and rhenium nanoparticles surface, in the context of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, allowing to propose a thermodynamically favorable intermediate for this reaction. Preliminary study of this reaction, of high chemical and societal interest, conclude this manuscript. The combined use of structural, electronic and thermodynamical approaches widens the overview on some aspects of ruthenium nanoparticles chemistry
Debayle, Manon. „Chimie de surface de nanocristaux fluorescents pour l’imagerie biologique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS481.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSemiconductor nanocrystals (or Quantum Dots, QDs) have unique optical properties that make them interesting probes for biological imaging. Thanks to their high quantum fluorescence yields, they are particularly promising for short-infrared fluorescence imaging, which is a spectral domain that allows a good deep spatial resolution in biological tissues. In this PhD, our goal is to study specialy the surface chemistry of QDs in order to optimize their behavior in complex biological medium and to develop functional pH or enzymatic activity imaging probes. The use of nanoparticles (NP) in vivo requires to reduce the formation of a protein corona adsorbed on their surface. It is possible to use so-called "stealth" polymers to limit this adsorption, and avoid their recognition by the immune system. In this PhD we compare the stealth properties of QDs coated with block polymer ligands with different zwitterions. We have shown, particularly, that poly(sulfobetaine) coated QDs allows a complete elimination of protein adsorption in serum, unlike those covered with carboxybetaine or phosphorylcholine. These results are correlated with the diffusion of these QDs in the cytoplasm of living cells. Thanks to the surface chemistry of QDs, it is also possible to design functional probes, for example by modulating their fluorescence by an energy transfer under the action of a biochemical factor. Thus, in this PhD, we demonstrate two concepts using QDs for short or visible infrared pH imaging, developing different pH-sensitive surface chemistries in order to modulate their interaction with gold NPs
Reboussin, Laura. „Chimie à la surface des grains dans les disques protoplanetaires“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0164/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlanetary formation occurs in the protoplanetary disks of gas and dust. Although dust represents only 1% of the total disk mass, it plays a fundamental role in disk chemical evolution since it acts as a catalyst for the formation of molecules. Understanding this chemistry is therefore essential to determine the initial conditions from which planets form.During my thesis, I studied grain-surface chemistry and its impact on the chemical evolution of molecular cloud, initial condition for disk formation, and protoplanetary disk. Thanks to numerical simulations, using the gas-grain code Nautilus, I showed the importance of diffusion reactions and gas-grain interactions for the abundances of gas-phase species. Model results combined with observations also showed the effects of the physical structure (in temperature, density, AV) on the molecular distribution in disks
Cros-Gagneux, Arnaud. „Nanocristaux luminescents de phosphure d'indium : synthèse et chimie de surface“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3757/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmong II-VI and III-V semiconductors, indium phosphide (InP) does not exhibit the toxicity of CdSe quantum dots (QDs). InP QDs are able to emit in the maximal transmissivity window of organic tissues (700-900 nm) and are therefore useful tools for in vivo bio-detection. However, the lack of reliable protocols allowing the growth of QDs diameters beyond 4-5 nm is a major drawback. Herein, we present a detailed study of the mechanisms governing the formation and stabilisation of InP QDs in a non-coordinating solvent. We also provide a new synthesis methodology at moderate temperature. The first chapter concerns InP QDs synthesis in octadecene, at 300°C, using indium carboxylate and tris(trimethyl)silylphosphine as precursors, with palmitic acid (PA). The growth of the as-synthesised QDs is limited at 3. 1 nm. The use of combined spectroscopic techniques (infrared and 31P, 13C, 1H NMR) allows a detailed description of dynamics and structure at molecular scale. This study shows an inhibited growth due to the appearance of oxidizing conditions, concomitant with the coupling of two PA at high temperature. This reaction results in the formation of a symetric ketone : hentriacontan-16-one. This molecule and octadecene are detected in the coordination sphere interacting by Van der Waals bond. The palmitate is strongly coordinated at the surface. The second chapter presents a synthesis protocol at moderate temperature (150°C). This reaction takes place in mesitylene, using a new precursor, indium tris(N,N'-diisopropyl)acetamidinate, and a mixture of PA and hexadecylamine. The as synthesised QDs have a diameter of 3. 3 nm QDs. The growth using annealing or precursors addition allows the obtention of QDs diameters of 3. 9 nm and a red-shifted emission at 680 nm. The coordination sphere of these QDs is composed by acid and amine organised in ionic couple interacting via weak bonds (hydrogen and Van der Waals). The further growth of a ZnS shell allows strong luminescence of these QDs
Lesage, Pierre. „Chimie organométallique de surface sur métaux et valorisation des terpènes“. Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10283.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKaewprasit, Chongrak. „Contribution a l'estimation de la surface specifique des fibres de coton : relations entre surface et proprietes physiques“. Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDobrovolny, Christophe. „Contribution à l'étude des transitions de phase de surface des modèles semi-infinis“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22064.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlaris, Patrice. „Ingénierie de surface de matériaux composites pour l'aéronautique : chimie et topographie de surface, une aide au démoulage ?“ Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlaris, Patrice. „Ingénierie de surface de matériaux composites pour l’aéronautique : chimie et topographie de surface, une aide au démoulage ?“ Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA1027/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurrently , the molds used for making aircraft composite piecess are made of metal alloys ( FeNi Invar ) popular for their low coefficient of expansion. However, these alloys have several drawbacks ( weight, price , delivery time ) which encourage manufacturers to rotate to other materials. In this context, the epoxy composites / carbon fibers are an interesting altemative given their mechanical properties similar to Invar while combining lightness and ease of implementation . However , with such molds, phenomena of adhesion may occur between the infused epoxy resin constituting the future piece , and the mold itself made of an epoxy resin. Their close nature promotes diffusion phenomena or molecular interactions involved in the adhesion of polymers.The works presented in this thesis is therefore to minimize all phenomena promoting the adhesion between two epoxy resins (one being cured in contact with the second). To do this, the work is focused on sustainable change in the physicochemistry and the surface topography of the epoxy resin component mold. These two parameters are indeed identified as essential for obtaining surfaces prerequisited low wetting character , for good adhesion with a third body. At first , the physicochemistry of the resin surface of the mold was permanently changed using a fluorinated additive grafted beforehand on the epoxy resin. The mechanism of fluorination of the surface has been studied and a critical step in migration of the fluorinated additive towards the air / resin interface during curing has been identified. In a second step , a controlled micrometer scale roughness is applied to the surface of the resin as amended . The surface properties arising are studied and show an accentuation of low wetting character of fluorinated resins . Finally, the properties of interfaces between the modified epoxy resins constituting the mold and blank epoxy resin representing a molded part are studied via a mechanical test. The results obtained ( strength and type of failure ) are put in contact with the surface of the modified epoxy resin properties
Demers-Carpentier, Vincent. „Étude des mécanismes de transfert de chiralité sur une surface catalytique“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29358/29358.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleErrais, Emna. „Réactivité de surface d'argiles naturelles : Etude de l'adsorption de colorants anioniques“. Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/ERRAIS_Emna_2011.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThere are significant amounts of unused dyes remaining in wastewater from the dyeing industry. The release of these effluents causes coloration and there is a risk of toxicity. Activated carbons are very efficient and have been preferentially used for the adsorption of dyes, but their use is restricted due to high cost. Therefore, there is growing interest in using alternative adsorbents that are cheaper and commercially available. Clays are lamellar minerals with structures providing high specific surface areas and large adsorption capacities. Many authors have studied the adsorption of cationic dyes on natural clays, but few studied anionic dye adsorption as they hardly adsorbate on clay. The aim of this work is to better understand the adsorption phenomena on natural clays, of anionic dyes encountered in dyeing effluents. The Fouchana clay is composed of smectite, kaolinite and illite. Standard clays were also selected. Different tests were performed for studying the adsorption influence of physicochemical environmental conditions. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters estimations show that the adsorption process is spontaneous, exothermic and that the kinetics is best described by a pseudo second order model. Kaolinite has the best adsorption capacity. The adsorption at the broken edges by replacing hydroxyl groups or via adsorbed metal complexes is a common process for the different types of clay. A process restricted to kaolinite species is related to the presence of acidic surfaces that allow the adsorption of anions via hydrogen bonds. In conclusion, the natural clay Fouchana is a good adsorbent for anionic dyes under the experimental conditions of this work
Ly, Mai Huong. „Etude des propriétés de surface des bactéries lactiques, impact sur les matrices alimentaires“. Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this works is to study the bacterial surface properties to understand the interactions between bacteria and other components in food matrices. The results showed the diversity of hydrophobicity, charge and Lewis acid/base properties of bacteria. The bacteria with the different properties were studied to evaluate their adhesion to food components and their impacts on (i) the stability of emulsion made with surfactants or milk proteins, (ii) on the retentions of aroma compounds and (iii) on their localization in acid milk gels. The different impacts related to the diversity of bacterial surface properties show that these properties should be taken into account for the applications of bacteria in food technology process
Salmi, Zakaria. „Surface, Sels de diazonium et Polymères : Synergie et Applications“. Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077270.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work of this Phd consist in the study of surface chemistry of diazonium sait on different surfaces (ITO, carbon nanotubes, clays, and diamond) and to graft on those surfaces a polymer by the "grafting onto" or the "grafting from" method. The first method involves grafting a coupling agent on the surface and makes react a polymer terminated with end functionality. Namely we used the diazonium chemistry to graft an alkyne functionality on carbon nanotubes then make react a polymer with an antagonist end functionality (azide). The second method is based on the grafting of an initiator then the growth of a polymer chain from this surface. In particular we graft a photopolymerisation initiator on clays, ITO and diamond surfaces. Then we polymerized respectively polyglycidyl methacrylate, a molecular imprinted polymer and a polyhyroxyethyl methacrylate
SZEKELY, MARIANNE. „Apport des analyses physico-chimiques de surface dans l'interpretation des phenomenes electrochimiques interfaciaux a une electrode transparente d'oxyde d'etain“. Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066736.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSabbah, Hussein. „Fonctionnalisation de la surface de couches minces de carbone amorphe“. Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe functionalization of amorphous carbon thin film surfaces has been performed using linear alkene molecules. This kind of interface is useful for chemical or biological sensors, and molecular memories. Carbon-based substrates have been selected for the reported biocompatibility of amorphous carbon thin films and the expected robustness of the covalent and non-polar C-C bonds formed at the molecule / substrate interface. Besides this original material, complementary thermally-assisted processes have been chosen: liquid phase grafting (ester, pyridine or ferrocene functionalities) and gas phase grafting (perfluorodecene). Different amorphous carbon films have been compared: sputtered a-C and pulsed-laser deposited a-C, with variable atom density and sp2 / sp3 hybridizations. We have developed an evaporation chamber for the gas phase grafting in a UHV system, which allows thermal grafting in a clean environment. The quality of the monolayer interface obtained in this thermal process has been assessed using UPS characterizations and electrical transport (with a mercury drop electrode) on model interfaces Si(111) – alkane. We have shown that gas phase grafting of alkene molecules can be performed at 230°C without hydrogenation and without any preparation of the amorphous carbon surfaces. Above a threshold grafting temperature the grafting kinetics is faster for sp2–rich surfaces. The saturated molecular coverage is comparable to that obtained on Si(111):H surfaces. X-ray reflectivity and XPS data show that a monolayer is assembled to the a-C surface; thermal annealing in UHV confirms the robustness of a perfluorodecene monolayer grafted on amorphous carbon
Taquet, Vianney. „Chimie à la surface des grains dans les régions de formation stellaire“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790641.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWang, Xu-xu. „Modification de solides micro - et méso - poreux par chimie organométallique de surface“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10327.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDidillon, Blaise. „Chimie organométallique de surface sur métaux : application à l'hydrogénation de substrats polyfonctionnels“. Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10178.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVallantin-Rosier, Cécile. „Chimie organométallique de surface du titane : application à l'époxydation catalytique des oléfines“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO19003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSorrenti, Estelle. „Étude de la passivation de la pyrite : chimie de surface et réactivité“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL054N/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo fight against the phenomena of acid mine drainage DMA, we studied the possibility of passivation/inertage of sulphurized mining discharges. The inhibition of the superficial oxidation of pyriteuses phases was made by adsorption of molecules: acid humique HA, thymol and silicate of sodium. The fundamental study realized on a pure pyrite (mass 1-5g) was then driven to mining refusals (masse 2 kg). The adsorption of passivantes molecules was realized in dynamic conditions (chromatographic column) and statics (batch) . The order of efficiency is: acid humique > thymol > silicate of sodium. The dynamic experiments showed that the adsorption of HA on the pyrite is irreversible. The study by cyclic voltammetry showed that weak concentrations in adsorbed HA (of 0,15 in 0,3mg/g–[thêta]<1) are sufficient to block more than 90 % of the initial electrochemical activity. The analysis of the surface by the spectroscopy IR in mode diffuse reflection put in evidence the importance of the superficial oxidized phases in the process of adsorption. The description of chromatographic fronts was possible from the model dynamic trimodal based on the existence of three sites of adsorption among which the chemical nature, the number and the accessibility evolve during the adsorption. Other experiments led in wet cells feigning the behavior of sterile one mining of natural Abitibi-Témiscamingue in conditions of storage, showed that the treatment in the HA is effective counterpart more than 30 equivalents-years. So, sterile one treated with HA generate no more DMA while that untreated is generative of acid during the first 6 years
Sorrenti, Estelle De Donato Philippe Gorner Tatiana. „Étude de la passivation de la pyrite chimie de surface et réactivité /“. S. l. : INPL, 2007. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2007_SORRENTI_E.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDe, Decker Yannick. „Modélisation des réactions de surface à l'échelle mésoscopique“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210936.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleReactions such as those encountered in heterogeneous catalysis form a specific class of non-equilibrium, nonlinear systems: they take place on low-dimensional supports, the surfaces, exhibiting a particularly restricted geometry. Because of this geometrical restriction, fluctuation-induced nanometric self-organization can spontaneously arise and can lead to a compartmentalization of the reactants and the products. We use mesoscopic stochastic simulations and theoretical approaches to model the dynamics at these scales and to understand the connection between the microscopic details of the processes and the macroscopic rate laws for concentrations. In particular, we study the propagation of waves, the emergence of coherent oscillatory and explosive behaviors and apply these techniques for the modeling of experimental systems such as the H2+O2/Rh reaction with co-adsorbed potassium or the NO+H2 reaction on platinum.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation chimie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mougharbel, Ali Feigenbaum Alexandre. „Etude des phénomènes de transfert aux interfaces emballage-aliment. Modification des propriétés de surface par traitement plasma“. Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2007. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000530.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKuni, Stefan. „The effect of board coating and precalendering on coating coverage and surface structure /“. Åbo : Laboratory of paper chemistry, faculty of chemical engineering, Åbo Akademi university, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb409218911.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGiral, Patrick Jean-pierre. „Utilisation des aldehydes phyténiques comme traceurs chimiques instables : application à l'étude des transferts surface-sédiments“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX22079.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNoureddine, Achraf. „Approches Click en Chimie Sol-Gel“. Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENCM0005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work aims to develop a trustful methodology of functionalization for hybrid silica materials made by the sol-gel process using the copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC)Click reaction. This transformation can be highly useful in materials science thanks to its high conversions and the excellent functional group tolerance. In this prospect, we have synthesized fully clickable bridged silisesquioxanes and periodic mesoporous organosilica that show high extents of click grafting. CuAAC was then used for tailoring the surface of bridged silsesquioxane and fine-tuning the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance. Finally, the click reaction was used as an efficient way to obtain multiply functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles in order to make nanomachines for controlled delivery of cargo molecules
Pigot, Corentin. „Dérivés d’indanes : de la chimie sur surface à la synthèse de composés push-pull aux multiples applications“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0542.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIndane is a molecular family with a particular importance in organic chemistry. Among them indane-based push-pull dyes have been extensively studied for non-linear optical devices and in solar cells purposes. Some of them, based on indane-1,3-dione core, have also emerged as photoinitiators in photopolymerization with encouraging results but few indane-based dyes were used later on. In this context, indane based push-pull, activable in the all visible range, may have a role to play. At the same time, indanes are well-known to form truxenes, an important motif for nanomaterials, which is why these molecules are seriously considered as synthon for surface chemistry applications. Moreover, the use of the s-indacene-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone, also called “INDO4”, showed a multiple reactivity depend of the nature of the surface. Even if none of the oligomer observed were truxene motifs, a different comportment could still be expected by depositing an indane with a different geometry or nature. Considering the possibility of utilisation in photopolymerization and in surface chemistry, this thesis will treat of the synthesis of various structure in order to obtain the desired properties for these applications
Lafleur, Lambert Raphael. „Étude comparative de l’hydrogénation du 2,2,2-trifluoroacétophénone et de l’octafluoroacétophénone sur une surface de platine modifiée par des molécules chirales et achirales“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29756/29756.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJribi, Samar. „Réactivité électrochimique et fonctionnalisation de surface de films minces de nitrure de carbone amorphe : vers l'élaboration de sondes mixtes AFM-électrochimiques“. Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066219.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA-CNx thin films were deposited with or without radiofrequency (RF) on doped or intrinsic silicon substrates by the magnetron cathodic sputtering technique and various partial pressures of nitrogen in the plasma. A detailed study of the electrochemical reactivity of a-CNx thin films deposited without RF towards the redox couple [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- showed that this latter is improved as the atomic nitrogen content determined by XPS decreases. It acquires a considerable improvement thanks to the cathodic electrochemical pretreatment (PEC) and more especially thanks to the use of the RF applied to the substrate during the deposition step. In the second part, we have developed a new strategy of surface fonctionnalization of a-CNx thin films based on the covalent grafting of a redox probe. It allowed us to quantify the amine groups formed spontaneously on the electrode surface using cyclic voltammetry. It revealed that the amine groups are generally few and less and less numerous when the content of nitrogen increases in the film. Finally, the elaboration of hybrid AFM-electrochemical probes from commercial AFM probes has been explored by the deposition of an a-CNx thin film on a tapping-AFM probe. These probes present the advantage of having a stiff cantilever that resists to the compressive intrinsic stress applied by the a-CNx film contrary to the contact-AFM probe cantilever that bends significantly under the influence of this stress. The passivation by a P-oPD film and the use of these Si/a-CNx probes for the acquisition of local I/V characteristics (spectroscopy of the CS-AFM mode) confirmed the interest of this approach that will need however to be more deeply explored
Grinenval, Éva. „Chimie organométallique de surface sur hétéropolyacides anhydres de type Keggin : application en catalyse“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10184.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work was the preparation and characterization of anhydrous heteropolyanions on oxide supports using surface organometallic chemistry approach. Anhydrous H3PMo12O40 and H3PW12O40 were prepared on partially dehydroxylated silica. This reaction led to an ionic interaction by protonation of surface silanols. The reactivity of these heteropoly compounds with alkylsilanes was studied in homogeneous conditions and led to the formation of cationic silicon species [Et2MeSi+]3[HPA3-] and release of hydrogen. This reactivity was then applied in heterogeneous conditions by introduction of silane groups [(≡SiO)SiMe2H] at the silica surface and led to the formation of a surface polyoxometalate species covalently bonded to the support. The introduction of chloroalkylsilane groups [(≡SiO)SiMeCl2] and [(≡SiO)2SiMeCl] has also enabled the formation of covalent bonds Si Support-O-M HPA. In addition, methane activation was observed on all HPA/SiO2 solids through the releases of CO2, H2O, H2. The C-H activation takes place on these systems even at low temperature and obtained data suggest the formation of a methoxy surface species by reaction of stronf acidic protons with methane
Fernandez, Nicolas. „Etude des interactions gaz - surface par DFT“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4715.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work herein presented deals with the reactivity of surfaces and the gas–surface interaction. This work is connected to different fields of applied science and more specifically to the field of nuclear materials for fusion devices like the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).Numerical simulations at the atomic scale can provide an in depth understanding of the mechanisms at the origin of experimental observations. More specifically, our skills are about electronic structure calculations and chemical properties modelling; most of the work we produced has been conducted within the framework of the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and statistical thermodynamics. While made of six chapters, the manuscript can be cast in three main parts. The first one is dedicated to the methods used throughout this thesis. The second is devoted to the formation of beryllium carbide from deposited beryllium atoms on graphite surfaces; the reliability of the DFT results was benchmarked and the main steps of the beryllium carbide formation were determined. The third part explores the interaction between hydrogen and metallic tungsten. The formation of vacancies in the material, its impact on the solubility and diffusion of hydrogen in tungsten were investigated, and the results were compared with experiment; an excellent agreement was found
Buffon, Regina. „Chimie organométallique de surface du rhénium et du tungstène appliquée à la métathèse des oléfines“. Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10202.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCharles-Blin, Youn. „Technologie de protection active des électrodes par fluoration de surface“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA shift toward greener technologies has been impulsed by the European authorities and tremendous efforts are now engaged to drastically reduce our carbon footprint, by at least for 40 percent by 2030. The development of safe batteries with higher energy density is part of this shift, since this technology is critical for the commercialization and for the rise of electrical mobility and smart energy grid deployment. To do so, new materials need to be developed or existing materials need to be improved to reach higher specific capacities and working electrochemical potentials. The research prospects new electrode materials, new electrolytes and new ways to protect the electrode/electrolyte interphase within the batteries. Indeed, in secondary batteries, the anode/electrolyte interphase plays a key role in the electrochemical performances and life span. Since the classically used liquid organic electrolytes are not stable in the totality of the working potential window of Li-ion batteries, they undergo degradation on cycling of the battery, hence a Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) is formed. This interphase passivates the negative electrodes from the electrolyte and prevents further aging processes, however as this passivation continues in cycling, it also lowers the coulombic efficiency and causes irreversible capacity loss. Knowing this, any modification of the SEI should be performed with parsimony as it could break the balance between the positive and negative aspect for the SEI. By synthetizing a chemisorbed thin fluorinated layer upon anode material, we managed to improve the passivating power of the SEI on TiO2 and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anodes, leading to enhanced electrochemical performance. We also determine that very low quantities of fluorine on the active electrode material surface leads to several beneficial effects. We demonstrated that the fluorination brings as well enhancement for positive electrode materials, such as LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA). Indeed, NCA and NMC suffer structural surface instability, leading to self-heating and loss of performance. Improved cyclability is observed for fluorinated NCA electrodes as the fluorination stabilizes the surface structure.Surface fluorination was carried by a process using XeF2, for the first time applied to electrode materials. We aimed to prospect the influence of the surface fluorination on different aspect of a Li-ion battery, from the active material to the electrolyte interphase, thanks to a multi-scale probing approach. The chemical nature of the surface layer on negative and positive electrode materials was described by the mean of the XPS, as well as the fluorine distribution on the surface with both AES and SAM. The bulk and sub-surface properties of fluorinated LTO (LTO-F) were also investigated by coupling XRD, Raman Spectroscopy and NMR 19F, showing no modifications of the crystallographic structure. The influence of the surface fluorination on the electrochemical performance was investigated by galvanostatic cycling and by coupling XPS and SAM on cycled electrodes. We paid a specific attention to the impact of the fluorination on the SEI thickness and stability in charge and discharge. Indeed, LTO-F exhibits a new reactivity toward the electrolyte, leading to a thinner and stabilized SEI. Finally, the gas generation of the LTO-F electrodes has been investigated by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), as gassing is known to be a roadblock to the commercialization of LTO. We demonstrated that the CO2 outgassing is reduced by the surface fluorination. Overall, the strategy implemented in this work, from synthesis to thorough characterization, offer new solutions to improve both SEI formed on negative electrode material as well as surface structural stability of positive electrode material, leading to improved Li-ion batteries
Loos, Pierre-François. „Développement d'une méthode de chimie quantique mêlant plusieurs niveaux de théorie : applications à l'étude des états électroniques de macromolécules“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOver the last decade, hybrid QM/MM methods combining Quantum Mechanics (QM) and Molecular Mechanics (MM) methods have proven to be particularly suitable for studying chemical and biological systems. They have permitted to tackle a wide range of phenomena which take place in macromolecular systems. However, special care is needed from a technical and theoretical point of view, and many developments have to be done to reach the level of accuracy that is required to study chemical or biochemical phenomena. In order to reach such goals, several theoretical and methodological developments are in constant improvement: (i) the QM/MM frontier is still a "hot topic" and a prolific research area. (ii) highly correlated methods (post-HF) are compulsory to attain the desired details of description of the chemical mechanisms. In this thesis, we present the Local Self-Consistent Field (LSCF) method. A special emphasis is given to the methodological developments. Within this method, the junction between the QM and the MM parts is described by means of a localized orbitals. We show that it allows the rigorous treatment of a wide range of chemical properties, such as core ionizations and the UV-vis spectra of azobenzene molecule grafted on polypeptides. Moreover, we present some theoretical developments: the Coupled-Perturbed Hartree-Fock equations are derived within the LSCF framework.The main steps that lead to the determination of the MP2 gradients are also given
Dong, Yi. „Étude de la catalyse hétéogène asymétrique par des techniques de spectroscopie de surface“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28605/28605.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlaoui, Abdallaoui Inâam. „Complexes phosphinocyclopentadiényliques du titane, du zirconium et de l'uranium. Modélisation et synthèse de bimétalliques“. Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDe, Leener Gaël. „Nouveaux complexes biomimétiques dérivés de calix[6]azacryptands :étude des effets de seconde sphère et greffage sur surface“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/228642.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlus de 30% des enzymes présentent un ion métallique dans leur site actif qui est la clé pour les réactions de catalyse. Une sous-famille d’enzymes comporte un site actif où un seul ion métallique (Zn2+ ou Cun+) est coordiné à un cœur polyhistidine. L’élaboration de composés modèles est important pour la compréhension des mécanismes fondamentaux impliqués dans le cycle biocatalytique de ces enzymes mononucléaires. Dans ce contexte, nous avons développé des ligands basés sur des calix[6]arènes présentant un chapeau polyazoté lié de manière covalente au macrocycle. Ces ligands offrent un site de coordination pour le métal et une cavité hydrophobe bien définie. Cet assemblage permet et contrôle la liaison d’un ligand exogène dans la cavité. Afin de moduler les propriétés des complexes métalliques calixaréniques basés sur une unité coordinante tren (tris(2-aminoéthyl)amine), nous avons synthétisé avec succès et étudié plusieurs nouveaux récepteurs calix[6]aréniques.La synthèse de récepteurs bisétagés, le calix[6]amido-tren et le calix[6]amido-tacn, a permis de modifier la seconde sphère de coordination par incorporation de groupements amide entre la cavité et le site de coordination. Cette stratégie s’est avérée efficace. En effet, la coordination d’anions au centre métallique a été mise en évidence et en particulier celle simultanée de deux Cl pour le Cu-calix[6]amido-tren. Cette coordination d’un ou plusieurs invités anioniques était impossible dans le cas du calix[6]tren parent qui présente une seconde sphère de coordination électroniquement dense et un chapeau trop petit pour y accueillir plusieurs invités. La présence de groupements carbonyle entre la chapeau tren et le calixarène modifie également le comportement des complexes :leur coordination au centre métallique entre en compétition avec celle d’invités exogènes. L’oxydation d’amines encombrées sous O2 en hydroxylamines et oximes a été réalisée par la réduction du complexe cuivrique du calix[6]amido-tren par électrochimie. Ce type d’amines n’est pas oxydable par l’adduit superoxo du complexe parent, dû à la taille de la cavité qui empêche la coordination d’invités encombrés. De plus, la formation d’un adduit superoxo a été mise en évidence qualitativement au départ du complexe cuivreux isolé de ce même composé. Ces résultats permettent d’envisager des études de réactivité mimant le site actif des enzymes PHM et DβM par exemple. Enfin, une comparaison des propriétés hôte-invité et de la réactivité des complexes du calix[6]amido-tren avec celles des complexes du calix[6]amido-tacn a été réalisée afin d’évaluer l’impact de la nature du chapeau polyazoté sur les propriétés hôte-invité et la réactivité de ces complexes.Une méthodologie de déméthylation assistée de manière supramoléculaire a été développée pour différents calix[6]azacryptands chapeautés. Celle-ci a ensuite été appliquée avec succès à la déméthylation du calix[6]tren pour obtenir le calix[6]trentrisPhOH. Ce récepteur a montré un comportement très différent de celui du récepteur parent. En effet, la complexation d’anions et d’ammoniums biologiquement pertinents a été possible par ce récepteur protonné. L’interaction entre le centre métallique et les phénates en présence de base a conduit à la réalisation d’un switch moléculaire multi-étapes entre différents états de protonation du récepteur et du complexe zincique. Son complexe cuivrique a montré la présence d’un radical phénoxyle après oxydation du phénate. Cette espèce CuII-radical phénoxyle mime la forme oxydée du site actif de la galactose oxydase, catalysant l’oxydation d’alcools en aldéhydes. Ces résultats ouvrent donc la voie à de nouvelles perspectives pour les études de réactivité de ce composé.Un analogue du calix[6]tren, porteur d’un bras avec une fonction réactive sur le chapeau, a été synthétisé et complexé au cuivre avant d’être immobilisé sur surface via la formation de monocouches. Les électrodes ainsi modifiées ont été étudiées en milieu organique et aqueux. En milieu organique, les propriétés hôte-invité du calix[6]tren sont conservées après immobilisation. En milieu aqueux, un système redox réversible a été observé. Celui-ci a permis la détection sélective d’alkylamines linéaires par le système à pH basique. A notre connaissance, il s’agit du premier système supramoléculaire à cuivre, immobilisé sur surface, qui permet cette détection en milieu aqueux.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Marion, Ronan. „Catalyse supportée en flux continu utilisant des feutres de carbone de grande surface spécifique“. Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S130.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is about the synthesis of new copper and ruthenium complexes containing tripodal ligands for application in continuous flow catalysis. These catalysts have been tested in oxidation reactions. A family of N-tripodal ligands has been prepared to determine the influence of several parameters on the catalytic activity such as steric effects, basicity or electronic effects of the substituants. Moreover, these ligands have a functionalized arm, which will be to attach the complexes onto the support. Copper complexes have been tested in homogeneous catalysis and then in continuous flow catalysis in a catechol oxidation reaction to study the influence of their immobilization on their catalytic activity. Once the determining factors in homogeneous medium were identified, a covalent grafting process on graphite felt has been set up. By electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts, a homogeneous and fast functionalization of the graphite felt has been achieved, allowing the chemical attachment of the complexes with volume concentrations around 10-8 mol. Cm-3. Then, continuous flow catalysis has been realized showing better catalytic activities than in homogeneous medium. Studies about the stability and the influence of the chain nature and length have also been performed. A preliminary study on ruthenium catalysts provided the synthesis of a new complex containing a N-tripodal ligand
Vaché, Véronique. „Tôles d’acier galvanisées : déformation, texture, vieillissement, réactivité de surface“. Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1450.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLi, Sheng. „Contribution à l'étude des propriétés de surface des noirs de carbone ; groupes basiques et énergie de surface : relation avec le renforcement des élastomères“. Mulhouse, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MULH0096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHaroun, Mohamed Fahim. „Simulation numérique de l'activation du méthane sur la surface (111) du nickel idéale et avec un adatome“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/HAROUN_Mohamed_Fahim_2007.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHaroun, Mohamed Fahim Légaré Pierre Maamache Mustapha. „Simulation numérique de l'activation du méthane sur la surface (111) du nickel idéale et avec un adatome“. Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/00000932.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMalcher, Marta. „Surface modifications of selected implant biomaterials by application of polyelectrolyte multilayers with silver active factor“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13188.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSubject of this dissertation concerns biomaterials’ surfaces modification. The main attention is paid to the part concerning biomaterial surface functionalization in order to obtain antibacterial activity. Work described here refers to an extremely important and serious problem – the post surgery infections healing or elimination. Bacterial infections at the site of implanted medical devices present a serious source of complications leading, if untreated, to chronic microbial infection, inflammation, tissue necrosis, septicemia and eventually to death. Purpose of this work was to obtain a new type of antibacterial, active biomaterial’s surface coating. Two separate approaches are proposed: first one – coating containing silver ions and second – coating containing silver nanoparticles. Strategy that was chosen for obtaining this aim was functionalization of surface with polyelectrolyte layers and silver in different forms. Silver, active against a wide range of bacteria, is an alternative for the less and less effective antibiotics. Application of silver constitutes the answer for constantly increasing number of multi drug resistant bacteria strains and related to this need for new solutions. In this work two forms of silver – ions and nanoparticles were used. In the first approach use of polyelectrolyte multilayer and application of controlled release of silver nitrate from liposome aggregates were proposed. Polyelectrolyte multilayer film was obtained by the alternate deposition of cationic and anionic polymers PLL/HA according to the layer-by-layer (LbL) method. This technique allows preparing nanoarchitectures exhibiting specific properties. Thick and well hydrated (PLL/HA)20 polyelectrolyte film provides an ideal base for liposomes embedding, and enables application of proposed coating on wide variety of solid surfaces. Aggregation of vesicles allowed reaching bactericidal concentration of silver ions. Vesicles membrane composition was optimized to controlled release of encapsulated silver salt under external stimuli - temperature. Controlled release of active dose of silver ions at the site of implantation ensures obtaining the fast bactericide effect during the critical short post-implantation period without reaching the systemic toxicity level of the agent. According to the concentration of AgNO3 encapsulated in the coating, time of reaching the complete bactericidal effect can be as fast as several to tens minutes. Biocompatible character of the surface was obtained thanks to inert properties of used polyelectrolytes. In the second approach colloidal silver was used in combination with hydroxyapatite and polyelectrolytes – pLL and PGA. Polyelectrolytes and Layer by Layer method principles were used to combine silver nanoparticles with bone implant material – hydroxyapatite. Obtained constructions were tested with several bacteria strains. Application of silver nanoparticles to coating construction resulted in obtaining antibacterial properties of HAp. Thanks to proper choice of applied modern techniques the aim of the thesis is reached. Proposed solutions constitute alternative to systemic antibiotic treatment and proposed modified biomaterials limiting bacteria adhesion. Character of designed coating is universal. Possiblity of its application to the different than antibacterial purposes makes the coating an interesting tool to an easy functionalization of desired surface
Muraleedharan, Nair Mahesh. „High surface area mesoporous perovskites for catalytic applications“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30509/30509.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerovskites are mixed metal oxides that can be represented by the general formula ABO3. Since the initial report regarding their catalytic activity, these materials have received immense research attention worldwide. Perovskites are proven to be cost effective and efficient alternatives to noble metals for various total/partial oxidation as well as synthetic chemical reactions. Additionally these mixed metal oxides are well known for their high temperature stability, high mobility of oxygen and the stabilization of unusual cation oxidation states. For these reasons various strategies were developed for the synthesis of these materials. However perovskites synthesized using conventional methods generally result in low specific surface area materials, which is a major drawback as far as catalytic applications are concerned. This pertinent lower value of surface area is resulting from the high temperature treatment involved in the synthesis of these materials. This issue was taken up and in the present project the first goal was to obtain perovskite structured mixed metal oxides with high specific surface area. Nanocasting is a recently developed solid templating method that is proven to be efficient for the synthesis of various chemical compositions with extremely high values of specific surface area. By applying this method a series of LaBO3 (B = Mn, Ni, Co, Fe) perovskites were synthesized and these materials were found to posses extremely high values of specific surface areas (up to 150 m2g-1). Initial tests for the total oxidation of methanol as a probe molecule confirmed that these novel materials are highly active catalysts, especially LaMnO3. Further studies confirmed that the enhanced activity was obviously related to the higher specific surface areas and higher amount of adsorbed oxygen species obtained for the nanocast perovskites in comparison with the bulk. Our results demonstrated the proportionality of reaction rates to the specific surface area of the catalyst. In a following study, we chose dry reforming of methane, since this reaction involves the conversion of two green house gases (CH4 and CO2) into syngas (CO + H2), which is more industrially relevant. Promising results were obtained in this case also using nanocast LaNiO3 as a pre-catalyst. Enhanced efficiency and stability were observed for Ni/La2O3 catalysts derived from nanocast LaNiO3 in comparison to its bulk counterpart. In particular, these materials were found to be coke resistant for 48 hours under the conditions of dry reforming.
Lin, Xue-Yun. „Formation et réactivité électrochimique et photoélectrochimique des couches passives à la surface du nickel et des inconel“. Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0086.
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