Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Children, yugoslavia“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Children, yugoslavia"
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Čobeljić, M., D. Mel, B. Arsić, Lj Krstić, B. Sokolovski, B. Nikolovski, E. Šopovski, M. Kulauzov und S. Kalenić. „The association of enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenicEscherichia coliand other enteric pathogens with childhood diarrhoea in Yugoslavia“. Epidemiology and Infection 103, Nr. 1 (August 1989): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800030351.
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SUMMARYThe presence of enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(ETEC and EPEC, respectively) was investigated in stool specimens of 1082 preschool children with diarrhoea and in stools of 335 healthy controls in localities in southern Yugoslavia, as well as in 566 children with diarrhoea and in 231 controls living in northern part of the country, during the seasonal peak (August— November) of enteric diseases in 1986.ETEC were found in 114 (10·5%) children with diarrhoea and in 14 (4·2%) controls (P < 0·001) in the southern part, and in 26 (4·6%) ill children and one (0·4%) well child (P < 0·005) in the northern part of Yugoslavia. EPEC were isolated from stools of 85 (7·9%) children with diarrhoea and of 14 (4·2%) well children (P < 0·05) in localities of southern Yugoslavia, and from 22 (3·9%) ill children and from 10 (4·3%) controls in northern Yugoslavia. Nineteen EPEC strains expressed localized adherence to HEp-2 tissue culture cells; all were isolated from stools of ill children.In southern Yugoslavia, where other enteropathogens were sought, the most commonly found agents in ill children were shigellae (17·5%), rotavirus (11·8%), ETEC, and EPEC. Potential pathogens were detected in 44·5 % cases of sporadic diarrhoea and in 15·8% controls.This study revealed that ETEC were associated with acute diarrhoeal disease in Yugoslav preschool children. On the other hand, the diagnosis of EPEC-diarrhoea by routine determination of serogroup established the association of these agents with sporadic diarrhoea only in the 0-2 years age categories in all investigated localities. In the less developed southern part of Yugoslavia bacteria were the predominant causative agents of enteric illness during the seasonal peak of this disease.
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Lazarević Radak, Sanja. „Tito and Children in Political Folklore 1980: Wishes for Tito's Speedy Recovery“. ISSUES IN ETHNOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY 16, Nr. 2 (19.07.2021): 509–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v16i2.8.
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In 1980 Tito's health deteriorated. The citizens of Yugoslavia followed the news about the course of his illness with apprehension and anticipation. From January to May 1980, citizens sent more than four hundred thousand messages wishing Tito a speedy recovery. Among the most numerous were children. Starting from the assumption of the closeness between political socialization, folklore and political culture in Yugoslav society, in this paper I analyze some of the basic motives present in the messages that children sent to Tito. Insight into the messages that the editors of the publication "Tito. Messages, wishes - the children of Yugoslavia" call a "vow", and in the sense of the promise that children will preserve the achievements of Yugoslav socialism, it enables the reconstruction of Yugoslav political myths and Tito's representation within children's political culture. The reconstruction of the narrative enables the recognition of the following motives: Tito as a hero and a fighter against all evil; 2. Tito as a solar deity; 3. Tito as an (imaginary) friend and protector of all the children of the world. For the purposes of this paper, wishes for a speedy recovery are understood as a folklore genre, and some of the specifics of Yugoslav children's political folklore.
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Niskač, Barbara Turk. „The Ambiguous Nature of Children's Work in Socialist Yugoslavia: An Analysis Based on Children's Magazine Pionirski List“. Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth 16, Nr. 3 (September 2023): 456–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2023.a909990.
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Abstract: Drawing on the educational role ascribed to work in children's upbringing, the article analyzes children's work and its many ambiguities as presented in children's magazine Pionirski list [Pioneers magazine ] in socialist Yugoslavia. The magazine featured content for children, about children, as well as contributions produced by children themselves, telling how they experienced different forms of work in their everyday lives. Most notably, Pionirski list addressed children as self-managing pioneers actively participating in shaping social reality, and at the same time it was only yet building and reproducing a construct of the child as a self-managing pioneer and future self-managing worker in line with Yugoslavia's third way of socialism. Although Yugoslavia was consolidating schooling as the child's main obligation and breaking with exploitative child labor, it promoted a social organization centered on productive and socially useful work that included children as well. It built on Marxist notions of self-determined work, yet the understanding of work as inseparable from life also related to the ethos of the agricultural society's domestic economy. After breaking with the USSR, Yugoslavia embraced worker self-management as a so-called third way to socialism. All these various aspects of work fed into the educational value ascribed to work in childhood and placed it in a mutually constructive relationship with play and leisure rather than as their opposite.
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Ilić, Simo M. „Pravni položaj žene u Predosnovi građanskog Zakonika za Kraljevinu Jugoslaviju“. Vesnik pravne istorije 1, Nr. 2/2020 (15.06.2021): 194–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.51204/hlh_20208a.
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The paper examines the legal position of women in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, with emphasis on the reforms proposed in the Draft Civil Code for the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The legal system of Yugoslavia was not unified and therefore the position of women differed from one legal territory to another. The paper briefly reviews legislation in the six Yugoslav legal territories with emphasis on unfavourable norms which required reforms. The Draft is analysed in detail. It enacted complete legal capacity for married women, equal inheritance rights for male and female children and improved inheritance position of widowed spouses. Adoption of a modified separate property system and diminished parental rights of mothers are considered as drawbacks of the Draft. Special rules for inheritance in rural areas and Sharia law (mandatory for the Muslim minority) are analysed as exceptions from the Draft Civil Code. Legal theory opinions on the legal position of women that were presented during the public debate on the future Civil Code are also reviewed. The conclusion analyses the appropriateness of the Draft in the context of social and political circumstances in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
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Petrović Todosijević, Sanja. „Pionirski grad u Zagrebu pedesetih godina 20. veka: laboratorija socijalističkog detinjstva“. Tokovi istorije 29, Nr. 1 (29.04.2021): 191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.31212/tokovi.2021.1.pet.191-214.
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This paper attempts to underline the role that the Pioneer Town in Zagreb played in the process of establishing a new educational policy in Yugoslavia proclaimed at the Third Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in December 1949. This reform was carried out during the following decade, culminating in the General Law on Education in 1958. The Pioneer Town in Zagreb, with its elementary school as the central object, “simulated” a school of the future which was supposed to become not only a role model for the standard Yugoslav school, but also the initiator of the important social processes with the aim of placing children - one of the most numerous social groups - at the center of political and social attention.
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Pavlica, Branko. „Migrations from Yugoslavia to Germany: Migrants, emigrants, refugees and asylum-seekers“. Medjunarodni problemi 57, Nr. 1-2 (2005): 121–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0502121p.
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Migrations from Yugoslavia to Germany have a long tradition. There have been various economic and social causes, and in some periods even political ones for that phenomenon. Taking into consideration the historical aspect and also the contemporary migration flows, the dynamics of migrations of the Yugoslav population to Germany has the following stages in its development. The first stage had begun in late XIX century and ended with the World War I. Although the overseas migration flows prevailed, yet the German agriculture and its mine industry attracted a part of the Yugoslav population. Between the two world wars mostly "Westfahl Slovenes" and Croats and Serbs from Bosnia-Herzegovina got "temporary employed" in the Rhine-Westfahl industrial area, along with several thousand Serb-Croat-Slovene agricultural seasonal workers per year. The second stage began immediately after the Second World War when most of about 200,000 citizens from the former Yugoslavia, being mostly refugees, moved from the West European to overseas countries, but some of them stayed in Germany. Involuntary migrants and refugees, however, returned in great number from Germany to Yugoslavia. At that stage non-extradition of war criminals on the part of the West occupying powers on German territory, then disregard of West German Governments of the anti-Yugoslav activities of the part of extreme Yugoslav emigration, and different interpretation of the bilateral agreement on extradition, became the essential problem in relations between SFR Yugoslavia and FR Germany. The third stage in development of migrations commenced in early 1960s. At that time, Germany and other Western countries became prominently immigrational, while since mid-1960s till 1973 economic emigrants from Yugoslavia became more and more important in the German economic space. From 1954 to 1967 migration of Yugoslav citizens had not yet been intensive and their intention was mostly to work abroad. Illegal employment was, however, prominent at that time. Due to the normalisation of political relations, re-establishment of diplomatic relations and conclusion of bilateral agreements that legally defined employment of foreign workers, since 1968 till 1973 a great number of Yugoslavs got employed in FR Germany. The contemporary migrations from FR Yugoslavia to Germany resulted from the economic and political crisis in the former SFRY as well as from the civil wars that were waged in the Yugoslav territory. FR Germany became the most important destination country of Yugoslav migrants - workers, refugees, false asylum-seekers and political emigrants. Different categories of migrants from Yugoslavia to Germany enjoy the treatment that is in accordance with the immigration policies of the German governments as well as with the degree of development of the German-Yugoslav political and economic relations, and the degree of the established co-operation in the field of legal assistance and social welfare. Migrant workers, who have legally regulated their employment and residence status, could in the future expect to gain assistance from their mother country in getting efficient protection of their rights and interests in all stages of the migration process. Numerous migrants asylum-seekers, in spite of the proclaimed international protection, share, however, the fate resulting from the politically motivated measures and actions taken by the German authorities within the arbitrary decision-making of the right and/or abuse of the right to asylum. This is the reason why as early as in late 1994 the Government of FRG announced that it would expel foreigners from the country. The remaining refugees, or actually the so-called false asylum-seekers in FR Germany, share the fate of forced repatriation. Within this category special emphasis should be placed on the attitude of the German government to the Albanians and Roma from Kosovo. At first, the Germans treated the Albanians from Kosovo as politically persecuted persons, offering them refuge. Then they declared them (and Roma also) to be false asylum-seekers and insisted on readmission - their gradual repatriation to Kosovo. Considering both positive and negative implications of the migration process, the key issue for the citizens from Serbia and Montenegro who live in Germany remains the following: maintenance of their national identity, cherishing of their mother tongue and culture, keeping up relations with their mother country, social gathering - in various associations, clubs and organisations, education in their mother tongue, what particularly includes comprehensive additional teaching for children in Serbian, as well as better information dissemination.
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Šušnjara, Snježana. „Bosnia and Herzegovina under the Communist Regime: an Outlook on Educational Policy“. Historia scholastica 7, Nr. 1 (November 2021): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-1-006.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina as one of the nine republics of Yugoslavia was always among the poorest republics in the former state. However, the school system, as it was the case in the totalitarian regimes, was under direct control of the state. The state had the power to influence school programs and to decide who could apply for school profession. After World War II, education became compulsory for all children and the state could have influenced easily all aspects of education. The state conception how to educate a new society and how to produce a common Yugoslav identity was in focus of the new ideology and those who did not agree with this concept were exposed to negative connotations and even to persecution. Human rights of an individual were openly proclaimed but not respected. Totalitarian societies commonly expect the system of education to operate as a main transformational force that will facilitate the creation of the new man in the social order they have proclaimed. After the split of the Soviet model of pedagogy (1945–1949), the changes occurred in education when the communists established a new regime with universal characteristics of the Yugoslavian education which differentiated among the republics in accordance with their own specificities. Bosnia and Herzegovina with its multi-ethnic nature occupied a special place inside the common state as a model that served as a creation of possible, multiethnic, socialist Yugoslavia.
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Drnovšek Zorko, Špela. „Cultures of risk: On generative uncertainty and intergenerational memory in post-Yugoslav migrant narratives“. Sociological Review 68, Nr. 6 (02.06.2020): 1322–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026120928881.
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The disintegration of Yugoslavia not only marked the end of a decades-long socialist multinational project, but also reorganised former Yugoslavs’ possibilities for imagining certain futures. This article examines intergenerational narratives of rupture amongst migrant families living in Britain, showing how uncertain pasts produce distinctly diasporic post-Yugoslav cultures of risk. Unlike sociological accounts of risk that foreground the conditions of late Western modernity, this approach to risk is grounded in collective experiences of late socialism, violent state collapse, and unexpected migration, as well as intergenerational experiences of migration and settlement in Britain. The article puts forth two main arguments. On the one hand, British-born children of former Yugoslav migrants ‘inherit’ and re-narrate their families’ stories of rupture, which transform the specific events of the 1990s into narratives of potentially universal existential uncertainty. While future uncertainty cannot be avoided, it can be partly mitigated by focusing on the present. On the other hand, both parents and children invoke the more positive aspects of risk when they imagine optimistic mobile futures for the younger generation. Here young people’s diasporic hybridity, another inheritance of post-Yugoslav migrations, is favourably contrasted with the postsocialist ‘stuckedness’ that characterises much of the post-Yugoslav space. By focusing on the multi-temporal and generative qualities of narrative uncertainty, the article proposes that intergenerational stories of rupture can contribute valuable interpretive resources for dealing with open-ended futures, both within and beyond migrant communities.
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Bandžović, Safet. „Bosna i Hercegovina i konstituisanje Avnojske Jugoslavije (1943-1945)“. Historijski pogledi 6, Nr. 10 (15.11.2023): 148–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2023.6.10.148.
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Many states, like Yugoslavia, emerged from conflicting historical currents. A critical examination of the socio-historical multi-directional flows after the chaotic April War of 1941 and the rapid disintegration of monarchical Yugoslavia also encompasses rational knowledge of opposing political and national perspectives dating back to 1918 when it was established, with its problematic events between the two World Wars, their causes, and consequences. The turbulent interwar legacy and the failure to address acute problems within the state influenced the dramatic situation and conflicts in occupied Yugoslavia, leading to polarization, collaboration, and alignments. The state of war is a complex crisis situation. The breakup of Yugoslavia was met with divided opinions on whether (and if so, how and on what basis) to reestablish the state. Each Yugoslavia (the „old” and the „new”) also represented a „new constitutional concept of the relationship between its major nations/political groups” (Dejan Jović). The successful antifascist liberation struggle from 1941 to 1945 was primarily led by the partisan movement, with the dominant role of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY). Vladimir Dedijer wrote that in 1941, a revolutionary war began, and „no one dreamed what its nature would be.” It was a civil war, destroying the idea that this state could be rebuilt in the form it took in 1918. It was a complex war („a war of all against all”) with numerous burdens (national, religious, social, historical). Anti-Yugoslav forces were long more numerous than pro-Yugoslav forces, which eventually triumphed. The speech of Yugoslav antifascism is most symbolically recognizable by the phrase: „Death to fascism – freedom to the people,” and „brotherhood and unity.” By the decision on the federal organization of the state at the Second Session of the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) in Jajce in 1943, the foundational pillar of the previous Yugoslavia—state and national unitarism—was denied. AVNOJ's decisions were of a framework and principle nature. The federation was established, but until the end, the forms of all its units related to their borders and the structure of alliance members („unitary or complex”) were not fully defined. The emergence of the federal Bosnia and Herzegovina was accompanied by harmonization at the top of the CPY and the People's Liberation Movement. The specificity of the „AVNOJ formula” was also reflected in the fact that in 1943, a federal state was formed, and in 1944, the members of the federation (republics). At that time, their provincial antifascist councils were constituted as the highest legislative and executive representative bodies. Many accompanying issues addressed in the decisions in Jajce on the structure of Yugoslavia remained under detailed consideration and clarification by the state-party leadership and AVNOJ in 1945. These issues have continued to be the subject of more detailed review and analysis in the context of the developments in historiography and have been exposed to considerations in a broader context. They have been reinterpreted, their facts have been analyzed, and there have been „in-depth” searches for more complete, multiperspective answers. The development of historiography is „marked by controversy.” Research into the formation of the „new” Yugoslavia should not be conducted with ideological biases and prejudices but should consider new experiences present in the flow of time and in the minds of contemporaries, including historians, as „children of their time.” Relevant historical contents must be separated from „declarative proclamations, pathos statements, ceremonial-protocol stances.” In a simplified understanding of the past, „everything appears simple and linear.” It is necessary to interpret historical phenomena and processes in a multidimensional, layered, and grounded manner.
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KIRCHENGAST, SYLVIA, und EDITH SCHOBER. „TO BE AN IMMIGRANT: A RISK FACTOR FOR DEVELOPING OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE?“ Journal of Biosocial Science 38, Nr. 5 (11.07.2005): 695–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005027094.
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Childhood overweight and obesity, especially among migrant children, are current health problems in several European countries. In the present study the prevalence of overweight and obesity among migrant children from Turkey and the former Yugoslavia was documented and compared with that of Austrian children in Vienna. Anthropometric data from 1786 children were collected at the ages of 6, 10 and 15 years. Body mass was estimated by means of the body mass index and percentile curves were used to determine weight status. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be significantly higher among migrant children. Children and adolescents from the former Yugoslavia and Turkish girls exhibited especially high rates of overweight and obesity. Biosocial and cultural factors are discussed as causes of these observations.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Children, yugoslavia"
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Schneider, Julia Rose. „Perpetrators, Bystanders, and Victims: An Examination of Women's Roles in the Yugoslav Wars“. Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1619190860477378.
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Milijasevic, Natasha. „Lives in conflict : life histories of second-generation Serbian-Canadians /“. 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=442352&T=F.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "Children, yugoslavia"
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Ristović, Milan D. A long journey home: Greek refugee children in Yugoslavia, 1948-1960. Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies, 2000.
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P, Grant James, und UNICEF, Hrsg. I dream of peace: Images of war by children of former Yugoslavia. New York, NY: UNICEF, 1994.
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Luka, Todorović, Hrsg. Children in Yugoslavia: Give them a chance : a report on the implementation of the Convention on the rights of the child in FR Yugoslavia in the 1990-1993 period : intitial report (isp) Belgrade, August 1994. Belgrade: Institute for Social Policy, 1994.
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UNICEF und Fotomuseum (Winterthur Switzerland), Hrsg. To the children: Auction to benefit UNICEF programs for war-traumatised children in former Yugoslavia : Fotomuseum Winterthur, Friday April 19 1996 ... . Zürich: UNICEF, 1996.
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Yugoslav Committee for Cooperation with UNICEF. National report on follow-up to the world summit for children: The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia]: Government of the FR Yugoslavia, 2001.
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Jeppesen, Kirsten Just. Young second generation immigrants in Denmark: An investigation of young people from Yugoslavia, Turkey, and Pakistan who have resided in Denmark for at least 10 years. Copenhagen: Socialforskningsinstituttet, 1990.
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Limanowska, Barbara. Trafficking in human beings in southeastern Europe: Current situation and responses to trafficking in human beings in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Romania. Belgrade, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: UNICEF, Area Office for the Balkans, 2002.
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Limanowska, Barbara. Trafficking in human beings in southeastern Europe: Current situation and responses to trafficking in human beings in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Romania. Belgrade, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: UNICEF, Area Office for the Balkans, 2002.
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Marušić, Matko. Do angels cry?: Tales of the war. Portland, Or: Ooligan Press, 2009.
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Becker, Sally. The Angel of Mostar: One woman'sfight to rescue children in Bosnia. Oxford: ISIS, 1994.
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Grover, Sonja C. „The International Ad Hoc Criminal Courts of Rwanda and the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia“. In Prosecuting International Crimes and Human Rights Abuses Committed Against Children, 55–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00518-3_3.
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Tolbert, David. „Children and International Criminal Law: The Practice of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)“. In From Peace to Justice Series, 147–54. The Hague: Hague Academic Press, an imprint of T.M.C. Asser Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-425-7_11.
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Grover, Sonja C. „International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Former Yugoslavia Since 1991“. In Prosecuting International Crimes and Human Rights Abuses Committed Against Children, 321–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00518-3_9.
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Pantović, Ljiljana. „Baby (Not So) Friendly: Implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in Serbia“. In Global Maternal and Child Health, 17–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84514-8_2.
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AbstractThe WHO and UNICEF launched The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) in 1991 with the goal of promoting breastfeeding. Four years later, this initiative was adopted in Serbia (then Yugoslavia). Although Serbia has officially been a part of the BFHI for over 26 years, less than 13% of children are currently exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life. Drawing on interviews, observations and document review, this chapter offers ethnographic insight into why the BFHI in Serbia has met with little success. I argue that the principles and practices of the initiative to promote breastfeeding have been both thinly learned and thinly applied by healthcare workers and therefore have had little positive impact on women’s empowerment to breastfeed or the rates of breastfeeding in the country. I show how the global Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative implemented in Serbia in the early 1990s and the national level policies which renewed it in 2018 were severely constrained by social, political and economic conditions that hindered the uptake of the program by frontline health workers – namely the devastating effects of the civil war and international sanctions in the 1990s, and the deleterious effects of IMF policies on the Serbian healthcare system since the 2000s. The pressure of time due to high workloads, and understaffed hospitals, in combination with unsustainable national funds for implementation may contribute to the reality of the thin implementation of BFHI.
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„The emergence of Yugoslavia“. In Political and Social Influences on the Education of Children, 52–67. Abingdon, Oxon ; NewYork, NY : Routledge is an imprint of the: Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315737461-4.
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„Children in the republics of former Yugoslavia“. In Generation in Jeopardy: Children at Risk in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union, 107–14. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315292694-21.
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Jones, Howard. „The Greek Children“. In “A New Kind of War ”, 140–51. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113853.003.0009.
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Abstract In early 1948 the war seemed to reach a new level of atrocity as the Truman administration began receiving reports that the guerrillas were evacuating thousands of children from Greece and relocating them in Yugoslavia and other neighboring communist states. The Greek government accused the guerrillas of kidnapping its youths and preparing to convert them to communism. The episode quickly took on the appearance of a calculated effort to destroy Greece as a nation as leaders in Athens charged the guerrillas with genocide and appealed to the UN and then directly to the United States for help. This seemingly new communist threat, which the Greeks called paedomazoma or “stealing of the children,” aroused nationwide indignation by its violations of family sanctity and basic humanitarian principles. But broader considerations were also involved.
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Shvarts, Shifra, Goran Sevo, Marija Tasic, Mordechai Shani und Siegal Sadetzki-Jackobson. „The ringworm campaign in Serbia (former Yugoslavia) in the 1950s“. In Ringworm and Irradiation, 163–80. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197568965.003.0006.
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In 1950, a full-scale eradication campaign for ringworm (tinea capitis, mycosis) employing ionizing radiation was launched in former Yugoslavia (Serbia today), with UNICEF’s assistance. The number of individuals treated (49,389) was among the highest ever reported in a public health campaign in Europe and North America. Treatment was compulsory, and children were treated in the absence of their parents, with full compliance to the medical authorities, as was common practice under President Tito’s Communist regime. Despite the large numbers of children who were irradiated for ringworm in Yugoslavia, the mass treatment was entirely forgotten. Discovery of documentation of ringworm irradiation in Serbia in 2006 made it possible to publicize the fact, to identify and to locate children who had been treated for ringworm in Serbia who today are aged 65 to 75, and to inform the medical community caring for this population.
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Dieckmann, Samantha Sebastian, und Kathryn Marsh. „War and Conflict in Resettlement Contexts“. In The Oxford Handbook of Early Childhood Learning and Development in Music, 549–68. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190927523.013.34.
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Abstract This chapter discusses children’s musical responses to war-related conflict as they have experienced it within their lives, through direct exposure to war; forced migration and displacement as a result of war; or through intergenerationally memorialized experiences of conflict and displacement. Utilizing examples from a study of refugee children and immigrant children in the resettlement context of Sydney, Australia, the chapter explores how the music children learn early in life can provide ways for them to express the ongoing disorientation and alienation resulting from, or connections with homeland disrupted by, conflict-related displacement. Featuring the everyday musical lives of those whose families have migrated from former Yugoslavia, South Sudan, and Iraq, it maintains that music and memory, musical adaptation, and musical recollection provide avenues for ongoing psychosocial resettlement and identity formation of children from a very young age. Thus music and conflict have a direct relationship in the lives of these children.
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Atiba-Davies, Gloria. „Justice for Children Affected by Political Violence“. In Handbook of Political Violence and Children, 474–507. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190874551.003.0018.
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This chapter catalogs the list of crimes against and affecting children during conflict and situations of war over which the International Criminal Court (ICC) has jurisdiction. It provides information on the mandate of the International Criminal Tribunals of Yugoslavia and Rwanda as well as the Special Court of Sierra Leone and how they addressed issues relating to crimes against children. The chapter describes the structure and functioning of the ICC. In addition, significant information is presented about the work of the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) of the ICC relating to investigations and cases including crimes against children. Lastly, it gives an overview of the Sexual and Gender-based Crimes Policy and the Policy on Children of the OTP, which were launched in 2014 and 2016, respectively. Both policies provide the framework within which the OTP will conduct the preliminary examinations, investigations, and prosecutions of those crimes.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Children, yugoslavia"
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Kačer, Blanka, Marijeta Usmiani und Iva Doždor. „KOMPARATIVNI PRIKAZ PRAVA NA PRIZIV SAVJESTI, S NAGLASKOM NA PRIZIV SAVJESTI U REPRODUKTIVNOJ MEDICINI“. In XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xixmajsko.605k.
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In this paper, the authors discusses a comparative overview of the legal frameworks governing the appeal of conscience, with emphasis on the reproductive medicine first of the Republic of Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and after that of the Spain, Norway, Sweden, Italy and France. In the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1978, which parts were Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Slovenia and Croatia, the Law on Health Measures for Exercising the Right to Free Decision-Making on the Birth of Children entered into force, which is still in force in the Republic of Croatia. After the break-up of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, some states that were part of it regulated the right to conscience by the Constitution and some only by the laws in the field of health and health care. We identified a number of problems through the analysis. In the paper, the topic is analyzed in detail. For example, in the Republic of Croatia, there is no uniform and standardized procedure for refusing to perform certain services due to the appeal of conscience, there is no systematic collection of data on health personnel with the appeal of conscience and about the impact of the appeal of conscience on the quality of health care.
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Dan Paich, Slobodan. „Conciliation: Culture Making Byproduct“. In 8th Peace and Conflict Resolution Conference [PCRC2021]. Tomorrow People Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/pcrc.2021.002.
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Abstract Reclaiming public space at Oakland's Arroyo Public Park, a nexus of crime and illegal activities. A coalition of neighbors invited local performing artists to help animate city agencies, inspire repair of the amphitheater and create daytime performances in the summer, mostly by children. It gave voice to and represented many people. Reclaiming space for community was the impetus, structured curriculum activates were means. Safe public space and learning were two inseparable goals. Conciliation learning through specific responses, example: Crisis Of Perseverance acute among children and youth lacking role models or witnessing success through perseverance. Artists of all types are the embodiment of achievable mastery and completion. Taking place on redefined historic 1940 passenger-cargo/military ship for public peacetime use and as a cultural space. Mixt generations after and outside school programs: Children and Architecture project’s intention was to integrate children’s internal wisdom of playing with learning about the world of architecture (environment and co-habitability) as starting point was an intergenerational setting: 5-12 olds + parents and volunteers, twice weekly from 1989 to 1995 at the Museum of Children’s Art in Oakland, California. Concluding Examples Public celebration and engagements as inadvertent conciliations if prepared for before hand. Biographical sketch: Slobodan Dan Paich native of former Yugoslavia was born 1945. He lived in England from 1967 to 1985. Slobodan taught the History of Art and Ideas, Design and Art Studio from 1969 through 1985 at various institutions in London, including North-East London Polytechnic, Thames Polytechnic and Richmond College-American University in London. Between 1986 to1992, he taught at the University of California at Berkeley. With a number of scholars, artists, and community leaders, he founded the Artship Foundation in 1992, and has been its Executive Director ever since. He also served as a board member of the Society of Founders of the International Peace University in Berlin/Vienna from 1996 to 2002, where he lectured annually and chaired its Committee on Arts and Culture. community@artship.org
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Zorić, Dragana. „Code Switching: Female Architects of Yugoslav Late Modernism - Between Domesticity and Avant-Garde“. In 111th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.30.
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Female architects of Socialist Yugoslavia, many with families and children concurrent with their career peaks, commonly co-opted an image of the avant-garde artist for their professional lives. The explicit normalcy and domesticity of their private spheres appeared to be largely and publicly suppressed in favor of a black-clad persona, whose work and communication veered away from the everyday and relatable, choosing to focus on the outwardly conceptual, and the abstract. Additionally, the overt separation of the collective government-run architectural practice, and a simultaneous individual (i.e., private architectural practice) for women architects triggered a similar type of code switching. In that case, the avant-garde iconography provided for a consumable media-savvy figure. For the architects of Atelje Lik and the architect Svetlana Kana Radević, operating in a country where architecture was the precise embodiment of societal ideals, code-switching counteracted the established patriarchal environment, but also positioned their private practices, better placed to realize their progressive social ideals through architecture.
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Obućina, Ognjen, und Toni Babarović. „GUIDE pilot survey on child well-being in five European countries“. In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.8.
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Growing Up In Digital Europe (GUIDE) will be Europe’s first comparative birth cohort study of children’s and young people’s wellbeing. The aim of the GUIDE study is to track children’s personal wellbeing and development, in combination with key indicators of children’s homes, neighbourhoods, and schools, across Europe. GUIDE will be an accelerated cohort survey including a sample of infants as well as a sample of school age children. One of the principal tasks in the preparatory stage of the survey has been to implement the GUIDE Pilot Survey, a large-scale cohort pilot survey using a harmonised instrument and research design in five European countries: Croatia, Finland, France, Ireland and Slovenia. Three groups of respondents were interviewed, with a separate questionnaire for each group: 1) 8-year-old children, 2) parents of 8-year olds, 3) parents of newborn children. There were around 750 respondents per country, that is 250 respondents for each questionnaire in each country. Survey agencies used a variety of sampling and recruitment strategies. Whereas in Finland the survey took place in the CAVI (Computer-Assisted Voice Interviewing) mode, face-to-face interviews were implemented in the other four countries. The surveys took place between spring and early autumn 2023. The surveys have been successfully implemented in all five countries. An examination of survey responses, evaluation questions, and insights from survey agencies collectively assures us that the questionnaire content is mainly adequate and serves as a very good basis in the preparations of Wave 1 of the GUIDE survey. However, the insights obtained from our five pilot surveys offer valuable reflections on potential improvements for the design of forthcoming national surveys. The pilots shed light on the impact of recruitment methods, revealing increased complexity in survey implementation in settings where recruitment transpires in public spaces. Also, the positive influence of financial incentives on response rates and respondent satisfaction, crucial in the longitudinal context of our project, emerged as a noteworthy finding. The consideration of Computer-Assisted Voice Interviewing (CAVI) as a viable alternative to Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI), particularly for hard-to-reach populations, deserves serious attention. Finally, the pilot experience emphasizes the importance of providing interviewers with enhanced training, especially when engaging with child respondents. The lessons drawn from our pilot surveys also extend to considerations regarding the content of our questionnaires. While the fundamental structure of the questionnaire will not undergo substantial changes, thoughtful modifications are to be considered. A notable aspect pertains to the use of 5-scale answers in child questionnaires, where indications suggest potential challenges for some children. Also related to children's comprehension of questions, a discussion is needed around the inclusion of the so-called existential questions (such as those probing the meaning of life or optimism) when interviewing 8-year-olds, prompting reflection on whether these questions are best reserved for an older age group.
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Šobot, Ankica. „Employment, Gender Equality and Family Policies: A Comparative Analysis of Post-Yugoslav Countries and the European Union“. In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.5.
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The gender perspective of economic activity implies the observation and explanation of differences between women and men. According to feminist literature, gender economic differences are a result of cultural norms that shape the asymmetrical division of gender roles in the private sphere. On the one hand, part-time employment is a form that has contributed to economic activity and women's employment, but on the other hand, it is more common among women and therefore contributes to the gender pay gap. Besides, the gender-specific nature of temporary contract employment shows that employment uncertainty is more prevalent among women. We explore the employment of young and middle-aged women in some post-Yugoslav countries, using LFS indicators from the Eurostat database, in a comparative perspective. Over the last ten years, Slovenia has consistently ranked among the countries with a high rate of economic activity for women aged 25-54. In 2022, the rate is the highest in Europe, reaching 90.5%. Additionally, the employment of women aged 20-49 who had children under the age of six is one of the highest in Europe. In 2021, the rate was 82.7%, which is 12 percentage points lower than men, marking one of the lowest gender gaps in the EU. In Croatia and Serbia, the rates are lower, and gender disparities are greater compared to Slovenia. However, these disadvantages are particularly pronounced in Serbia, where economic activity is over 10 pp lower and employment is almost 20 pp lower than in Slovenia. Although part-time employment is more common in Slovenia than in the other two post-Yugoslav countries, the percentages are significantly lower than the EU(27) average. In Slovenia, part-time employment was present in 11.5% of employed women aged 20-49 who had one child under the age of six, in 19.7% who had two, and in 25.7% who had three children of this age. In Croatia and Serbia, the percentages were almost 5 to 7% for women who had one or two children and between 11 to 12% for those who had three children under the age of six. Regarding temporary contracts, the percentage of employed women aged 25-54 years is lower in Slovenia (in 2021 - 9.1%) than in EU(27) (11.6%). Temporary contract employment is more prevalent in Serbia (19.0%) compared to Croatia (13.0%). This topic is important due to the issues of gender equality and family policies aimed at optimal conditions for decisions regarding parenthood and childbirth. The high employment rate of women in Slovenia and the relatively less prevalent part-time employment suggest the need for work-family reconciliation policies that support the full-time employment of both parents. In the other two post-Yugoslav countries, there is a need to boost the economic activity and employment of young and middle-aged women, as well as decrease temporary employment. Less favourable indicators are more pronounced in Serbia than in Croatia. The achievement of gender equality implies not only equality in employment but also the absence of gender-specific forms of employment that contribute to gender economic inequality.
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Golub, Rada. „Population policy to low fertility in the Republic of Srpska. the example of the city of Bijeljina“. In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.47.
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The subject of this paper is the research on low fertility in the City Bijeljina and finding its solution through population policy measures. Based on the attitudes of women of childbearing age, possible population policy measures that would contribute to changing attitudes regarding reduced birth rates were examined. The relevant data is collected through the use of a survey questionnaire filled by a verified sample of 1000 women in their reproductive period (aged 15-49). In order to evaluate the role of each research variable in the prediction of fertility intentions, the arithmetic mean, frequency of responses in percentage, Pearson coefficient, and binary logistic regression model were used to explore the related factors of fertility behaviours among women in this population. The results showed the Pearson correlation coefficient indicate a significant relationship between the birth of the desired number of children in conjunction with the proposed measures such as financial benefits (Pearson .072*; p≤.023), flexible working time (Pearson .067*; p≤.035), the growth of the coefficient for each child (Pearson .068*; p≤.033). By applying binary logistic regression, the financial subsidy was singled out as the backbone of future births. Those measures of population policies factors affect desired family size and have proven to be essential components of future fertile behaviour. The research results show tendencies towards more positive fertility decisions and increased participation of women in the field of reproduction. The implementation of new measures in the system of population policy at the local level would enable the women in the City Bijeljina to give birth to the desired number of children.
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Međimurec, Petra, Ivan Čipin und Dario Mustač. „The Role of Educational Expansion in the Rise of Non-marital Childbearing in Croatia: A Decomposition Analysis“. In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.11.
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Research shows that individuals with lower educational attainment are more likely to have children outside marriage. However, as rates of non-marital childbearing have risen at the population level, they have coincided with expansions in education. Studies suggest that while the low-educated continue to have the highest proportion of births outside marriage, their declining numbers restrain their contribution to the observed growth in non-marital childbearing. Against this backdrop, our study delves into non-marital childbearing among first-time parents in Croatia, aiming to answer the following question: What portion of the rise in non-marital childbearing can be attributed to shifts in the educational composition of first-time mothers and fathers, as opposed to changes in education-specific rates? Drawing on vital statistics data from the mid-1980s onward, we examine the proportion of first children born outside marriage across low, medium, and high educational strata. Applying a decomposition analysis, we scrutinise the components of the overall increase in non-marital childbearing over four successive periods: pre-1990, 1990s, 2000s, and post-2010. Our findings, in line with broader trends, reveal an upward trajectory in non-marital childbearing across all educational groups. The most notable contribution to the overall rise in non-marital childbearing stems from rate changes among the medium-educated. On the whole, increases in education-specific rates fully explain the rise of non-marital childbearing among first-time parents in Croatia; the total compositional effect is found to work in the opposite direction. This indicates that the increase in non-marital childbearing resulting from behavioural changes was to an extent counteracted by educational expansion. The paper advances our understanding of the relationship between education and non-marital childbearing by providing context-specific information from Croatia.
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Marinković, Draško, Mariana Lukić Tanović und Aleksandar Majić. „Demographic perspective of Bosnia and Herzegovina“. In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.9.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina is in an unfavourable period of demographic development, in which the number of inhabitants is constantly decreasing. Demographic trends are similar to those of neighbouring countries and are characterized by a decreasing number of children born, an increase in mortality, intensive aging of the population and constant emigration, mostly of the young and reproductive population. Between the two censuses, from 1991 to 2013, the population decreased by approximately 20%. Bosnia and Herzegovina has been affected by natural depopulation for fifteen years. Since 2007, this depopulation has manifested itself in negative natural growth, which is a consequence of a decrease in the birth rate and a constant increase in the mortality rate. The bad demographic picture is additionally damaged by the negative migration balance, so the total depopulation has large proportions. Currently, about half of the population born in this country lives abroad, and according to some estimates, about 0.7% of the population moves out of BiH every year. Migrations cause uneven distribution of the population, which leads to the demographic growth of cities and marked depopulation of villages. Significant spatial and demographic polarization and unequal population distribution hinder coordinated regional development and functional spatial sustainability. The decrease in the number of inhabitants is accompanied with the abandonment of certain geographical areas below the threshold of rational costs of providing services, which creates a negative spiral of insufficient development and the continuation of the decline in the number of inhabitants. All population projections indicate that further population decline in BiH is an unstoppable process. The consequences of that process are far-reaching. Population decline means a reduction in the human capital needed for development. Based on the projected period until 2050, it could be concluded that Bosnia and Herzegovina will have negative demographic consequences, which will create multiple challenges for society.
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HANDANOVIC, DIJANA, ALLAN PEREZ und SARA ROMERO. „Inventive Resilience“. In 111th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.14.
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As the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo for a long time was known for the 1914 assassination of the Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the final event precipitating World War I. After hosting the 1984 Winter Olympics, Sarajevo was perceived around the world as a place of peaceful gathering, but in April 1992, following the proclamation of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s independence from the Yugoslavian Federation, the Bosnian War started and again shifted the world’s perception of Bosnia and Herzegovina to one as a place of violence. After the recognition of dissolution, Bosnian Serb forces besieged the city of Sarajevo and for four years the city was subjected to bombings and gunfire. Sarajevo lies in a valley of the Miljacka River and is surrounded by mountains on all sides. Due to the geography of the region, artillery and snipers staged from the mountains had clear vantage points across the entire city. The Siege of Sarajevo, which lasted 1,425 days and resulted in 11,541 fatalities, including 1,600 children, became renowned as the most prolonged military siege in contemporary history. Sarajevo’s architecture and urban spaces suffered catastrophic damage, prompting civilian life to go underground where day to day life was constricted to only the absolute essentials. The constant bombings of the city not only transformed existing buildings, streets, and neighborhoods, but also forced civilians to reinvent their main dwellings. This was documented in 1994 by architect Zoran Doršner in his drawings “Destructive Metamorphosis.”
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Children, yugoslavia"
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Ertanowska, Delfina. Media offer for Ukrainian children and teenagers in former Yugoslavia countries. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Februar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11403.
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The article discusses the media offer addressed to children and youth from the Ukrainian national minority in the former Yugoslavia countries. The content, languages of publications and forms of publication were analyzed. In addition to traditional paper press and periodicals, the content published in digital form, in social media such as Facebook, Instagram, were also analyzed.