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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Children – government policy"
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Hanifa Muslimah, Rifa’at, und Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar. „Bekasi City Government Policy In Financing Stunting In Children“. KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science 1, Nr. 2 (20.11.2021): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54543/kesans.v1i2.10.
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Currently, nutritional problems in Indonesia are still in the spotlight, one of which is the problem of stunting in toddlers. The government shows its commitment to tackling stunting by making regulations regarding the acceleration of stunting reduction as stated in Presidential Regulation No. 72 of 2021. The health financing system is an effort to fund the health sector to support the implementation of health with the aim of achieving the highest health status. This study aims to provide an overview of the Bekasi City government's policy in financing stunting prevention in Bekasi City. The research method used is normative juridical, with a statutory approach. The policies issued by the Bekasi City Government regarding the Prevention and Control of Stunting are contained in the Bekasi Mayor's Instruction No: 440/1914/Bappeda and the establishment of the Task Force for the Acceleration of Stunting Prevention and Control is contained in Decree Number: 440/Kep.277-Bappelitbangda/V/ 2020. The results of this study show that the participation of the Bekasi City government has been very good from issuing policies related to stunting reduction efforts, forming and implementing 8 integration actions by involving multi-sectoral roles in government which is an effort to prevent stunting. The financing used in the stunting prevention process is funded by the Bekasi City Government from the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) and or other funds that can be utilized by the relevant government sector to be in charge of 8 integration actions.
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Swaine Williams, Katy. „In care, out of trouble – a policy perspective“. Safer Communities 16, Nr. 3 (10.07.2017): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-01-2017-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the current policy context for work aimed at reducing the criminalisation of looked after children in England and Wales, and to consider the potential that now exists for a sustained reduction in the numbers and proportion of looked after children and young people becoming unnecessarily criminalised. Design/methodology/approach The author of this paper worked on the Prison Reform Trust’s independent review of looked after children in the criminal justice system, “In Care, Out of Trouble”, chaired by Lord Laming. The paper describes the context for the review and outlines its findings alongside those of concurrent government-commissioned reviews, detailing the government response. The paper describes the action now being taken to reduce the criminalisation of looked after children and argues that, while the UK and Welsh governments appear willing to lead in pursuing reforms, continued pressure will be needed to ensure that this translates into sustained change. Findings The paper notes that looked after children and young people remain significantly over represented in the criminal justice system despite a number of studies and statutory guidance aimed at preventing this. This is being successfully tackled in places where children’s social care services are working closely with criminal justice agencies, with common goals. The paper reports on the responses from the Welsh and UK governments and lead agencies to Lord Laming’s review and concurrent government-commissioned reviews, which confirm their willingness to show national leadership in raising expectations for effective local joint working. Practical implications The paper offers an insight into the current policy context for protecting looked after children and young people from unnecessary criminalisation and sets out the commitments that have been made by the UK and Welsh governments and national agencies to take action to this end. It notes the need for ongoing outside pressure to ensure these commitments translate into action. Social implications This paper aims to support policy makers and practitioners in pursuing improvements in practice to protect looked after children from unnecessary criminalisation. As such, it is hoped that it may play a part in improving the life chances of looked after children and young people who might otherwise face the damaging consequences of involvement in the criminal justice system. Originality/value Lord Laming’s review was a timely, independent examination of the unnecessary criminalisation of looked after children. There is now a renewed focus in key government departments and agencies on the need to protect looked after children and young people from unnecessary criminalisation, including through the development of a concordat. Success will require ongoing dialogue with independent bodies, and a stronger focus by the relevant inspectorates. This paper summarises the context and findings of the review and subsequent policy developments, and may be useful for policy makers, practitioners in children’s social care and youth justice, and the police.
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Cockburn, Tom. „Children's Participation in Social Policy: Inclusion, Chimera or Authenticity?“ Social Policy and Society 4, Nr. 2 (April 2005): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746404002258.
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This paper explores the recent plethora of commitments by government to include children in social policy decision making in the UK. The participation of children is located in the tensions between children perceived as competent and/or incompetent that underlies the ambiguities of children's participation. The paper examines the ways participation, power and empowerment can be used in the context of children. The paper looks at children’s civic engagement and suggests that the participation of children is difficult with the ways representative governments operate in a liberal democracy today, but ends with some suggested ways forward.
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Allen, Rebecca. „Education Policy“. National Institute Economic Review 231 (Februar 2015): R36—R43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011523100105.
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This article summarises the 2010–15 Coalition government's education policy, contrasting their attempts to liberalise education markets with the desire to impose a highly traditional curriculum. The government's quite radical reforms have not been easy to implement, taking place against severe budgetary constraints and a minority Coalition partner with ambitions to improve the educational outcomes of children from low income families. It could be argued that the reforms have been successfully implemented, and there is little prospect of wholesale reversal by any future government. However, their combative approach to reform leaves a demotivated teacher workforce, a possible impending teacher recruitment crisis as the economy recovers, and a tangled web of accountability structures that will need to be resolved.
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Hurrell, Anita. „Government rights failings exposed“. Children and Young People Now 2015, Nr. 14 (07.07.2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2015.14.27.
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Hung, Jason. „Policy-Oriented Examination of Left-Behind Children’s Health and Well-Being in China“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 7 (30.03.2023): 5977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075977.
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Introduction: This paper will build on existing scholarly assets, addressing how the avoidance of rural-to-urban labour migration as a solution to mitigate the challenges faced by left-behind children is pragmatically infeasible. As an alternative, this paper will engage in the discussion about the relevant policy development and existing policy gaps the Chinese Government has implemented and has been subject to, respectively, in order to locate the problems of how left-behind children continue to be exposed to emotional and psychological vulnerabilities, despite the Chinese Government’s interventions. Methods: Bibliographic databases, Google Scholar and PubMed were searched. A combination of words ((“left-behind children” OR “LBC”) AND (“China” OR “Chinese”) AND (“human rights” OR “mental health” OR “well-being”) AND (“policy” OR “policies” or “policymaking”)) was input into the search engines. A total of 38 papers deemed eligible and relevant were chosen non-systematically, studied and summarised. Results: Local rural governments lack any concrete measures designated for left-behind rural children to specifically support their mental health needs. Additionally, medical care coordination within the Chinese Government and across counties, respectively on improving the emotional and psychological well-being of left-behind rural children is disorganised. Moreover, there is a very limited collection of up-to-date and available datasets examining left-behind children’s development and well-being. Discussion: This paper suggests, in detail, how the Chinese Government can strategically apply policies and interventions for the redistribution of resources and opportunities to left-behind children in rural China. This paper recognises the existing interventions initiated and implemented by the Chinese Government for resource redistribution and, simultaneously, recommends that the Government follow two localised American models for further resource redistribution per se that are designed for benefitting left-behind rural Chinese children.
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Craig, Lyn, Killian Mullan und Megan Blaxland. „Parenthood, policy and work-family time in Australia 1992—2006“. Work, Employment and Society 24, Nr. 1 (März 2010): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017009353778.
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This article explores how having children impacted upon (a) paid work, domestic work and childcare (total workload) and (b) the gender division of labour in Australia over a 15-year period during which government changed from the progressive Labor Party to the socially conservative National/Liberal Party Coalition. It describes changes and continuity in government policies and rhetoric about work, family and gender issues and trends in workforce participation. Data from three successive nationally representative Time Use Surveys (1992, 1997 and 2006), N=3846, are analysed. The difference between parents’ and non-parents’ total workload grew substantially under both governments, especially for women. In households with children there was a nascent trend to gender convergence in paid and unpaid work under Labor, which reversed under the Coalition.
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hammad, Adnan. „Design of Family and Child Welfare Policy in Indonesia“. E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 09006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187309006.
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Family is the basis of public welfare. Family welfare determine the children development. Indonesia government ensure family and child welfare of their citizen by applying Child Rights Convention and strengthen some policies. Indonesia government, through Ministry of Social, also arranged PKSA/ Children Welfare Program. This program classify vulnerable child into five cluster, and reach them by three ways: integrated cash aid, social workers, and access to social services. This program targeted no less than 4.3 million children in all region. Though this program were succesfully implemented, but still needed some improvement, such as involvement of local government, recruitment of social workers, and more establishment of LKSA with good facilities and services. PKSA should also be financially sustainable that can reach more children from many families with its whole services.
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Rahman, Bobby, Muhammad Akmal, Teuku Muzaffarsyah und Sri Ulina Agustina. „Implementation of Child Protection Policy in Lhokseumawe City“. Proceedings of International Conference on Social Science, Political Science, and Humanities (ICoSPOLHUM) 3 (21.12.2022): 00012. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/icospolhum.v3i.59.
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This study examines the Implementation of Child Protection Policies in Lhokseumawe City. The qanun used is Qanun Number 11 of 2008 concerning child protection. The problem that occurs in this study is that there is still violence and exploitation of children in Lhokseumawe City. The formulation of the problem in this study is how to implement government policies in protecting children in Lhokseumawe City and why there are still children exploited in Lhokseumawe City. The focus of this research is the implementation of government policies in protecting children in Lhokseumawe City and the causes of the occurrence of cases of exploitation of children that still occur in Lhokseumawe City. The purpose of the study is to find out and describe the implementation of government policies in protecting children in Lhokseumawe City, especially those related to the rights of a child and to find out the causes of violence and exploitation of children that still occur in Lhokseumawe City. This research method using qualitative approach methods. Based on the results of this study, it was obtained that in handling violence and exploitation in children, socialization programs were carried out to schools and counseling to each village. In handling violence and exploitation of children, it is carried out with existing SOPs. The obstacles are the lack of community care, lack of facilities and infrastructure and closed access to victims, making it difficult for handlers.
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Bawing, Priscilla, Retna Siwi Padmawati und Siswanto Agus Wilopo. „Analisis pelaksanaan kebijakan program keluarga berencana (KB): studi kasus di Kabupaten Malinau“. Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat 33, Nr. 12 (01.12.2017): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bkm.26301.
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Implementation of district level "four children better" family planning policy in MalinauPurposeThis study aimed to analyze the implementation of family planning program policy in Malinau.MethodsA case study was conducted through in-depth interviews with 18 participants.ResultsThe policy of the government in Malinau is ‘four children are better’. Differences in perceptions between stakeholders, providers, and users about family planning affecting social, economic, cultural, beliefs have an impact on contraceptive use in Malinau. The use of contraception is not prohibited for people with medical indications for using contraception, but people should access the contraception independently in the private sector.ConclusionThe policy of the Malinau government to stop the supply of contraceptives to government health facilities since 2012 is an effort by local governments to increase the number of inland and border populations. The unavailability of contraceptives in government health facilities and the limitations of family planning information, communication and education lead to differences in perceptions between stakeholders, service providers, and users. Therefore, the researcher recommends that the relevant regional apparatus unit does advocacy to legislative and executive boards in Malinau. The local government shall ensure the availability and quality of family planning services for the community on the basis of reproductive health rights.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Children – government policy"
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Smith, William J. 1947. „The education of exceptional children in Québec : a study of government policy goals and legislative action“. Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61245.
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Policy research in education is a relatively new discipline which deals with the analysis of public policies governing education. The professional literature provides both a conceptual and methodological basis for defining what constitutes a public policy and the means to carry out different types of analysis. Using such a framework, this study analyzes the policy of the Government of Quebec with respect to the education of exceptional children. More specifically, the study focuses on the policy goals and legislative action of the Government.Three separate research questions are each addressed by a systematic analytical framework using a form of qualitative content analysis. The methodology consists first of summarizing all policy data in a computerized database and then scrutinizing these summary statements to search for and analyze emergent themes and the content of policy objectives and standing decisions. The relation between these elements is then determined on the basis of specified decision rules. This analysis has also been subjected to an inquiry audit to test for the dependability and trustworthiness of the results.
The analysis reveals three emergent policy themes, over eighty specific objectives and almost 100 standing decisions, which are found in statutes, regulations, ententes and administrative documents. Various incongruencies between the goals and the legislative action are identified and discussed; implications for further research are presented, with reference to the literature.
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Poon, Siu-chuen William, und 潘肇川. „A study of the immigration policy towards Mainland children seeking right of abode in Hong Kong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966329.
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Briskman, Linda 1947. „Aboriginal activism and the stolen generations : the story of SNAICC“. Monash University, National Centre for Australian Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9293.
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Li, Ying, und 李瑩. „An analysis of governmental policy for rural-urban migrants in China“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41897055.
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Liljekvist, Frida. „Children’s Rights: the balance between children’s participation and protection : A policy analysis of the government report “A window of opportunity- a strengthen children’s rights perspective for children in refuges”“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Barn, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151669.
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In November 2016 the Swedish government requested a study where actions were suggested in order to strengthen the children's rights perspective for those children living at refuges. This resulted in the commission of inquiry "A window of opportunity- a strengthen children's rights perspective for children in refuges" (SOU 2017:112). The aim for this paper is to study how this inquiry is constructed and in which way it problematize children's rights and will be guided by three research questions: how is the concept ‘children's rights' problematized in the report SOU 2017:112, how does the problematization of children's rights position children living at the refuges in order to strengthen them as rights holders and what implicit assumptions are made as a way to increase the children's rights perspective for the children living at refuges? To investigate these questions this paper will do a policy analysis based on Carol Bacchi’s (2009) “What’s the Problem Represented to Be?” (WPR) approach. The method is chosen since the WPR-approach is used for the study of policies and especially studies the way a policy constructs a problem. This paper argues that the problematization of children's rights positions the children at the refuges as in need of protection and care and at the same time emphasizes their right to get their voice heard, as they are being active individuals. The urge to strengthen the children is argued to be a way to prevent the children who have experienced violence to become abusive themselves. As such, the conclusion is that a strengthen children's rights perspective for those children living in refuges transmits to them becoming ‘good citizens'.
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Moonga, Fred. „Social protection for vulnerable children in Zambia“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96875.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focused on the social protection of vulnerable children in Zambia. The aim was to find out how social protection had evolved and how it was conceptualised – its functions and types, policies and programmes, the benefits and services, and the risks and vulnerabilities that it addresses. A descriptive study design was used with qualitative methods of collecting and analysing data. The sample of 24 participants from government and nongovernmental organisations involved in social protection delivery as well as carers of children was drawn from the Central, Lusaka and Southern provinces of Zambia respectively. A semi-structured interview schedule was used, and all the recorded interviews were transcribed by the researcher and sent back to the participants for proofreading or corrections, where necessary, before analysis. The basic needs, the empowerment, the risk management, the rights-based, and the capability approaches have been used to further the conceptualization, design features and implementation modalities of social protection. Additionally, given that a theoretical basis for social protection is still lacking, the study drew on representational, explanatory, normative, human capital, social construction, social contractual, and structural social work theories in order to complement, extend and verify the findings. Ethical clearance (number Desc_Moonga2012) was obtained from Stellenbosch University’s Research Ethics Committee. The ethical clearance certificate was used to apply for and obtain permission from the Zambian Ministry of Community Development Mother and Child Health and nongovernmental organisations involved in the study. Empirically, the study found that social protection was an old activity under a new name and was being scaled up rapidly but biased towards cash transfers. By and large, social protection in Zambia is provided as unconditional transfers, mainly as social assistance. No existing legislative or policy framework specifically focused on social protection was found, although the latter had been drafted at the time of the study. The Zambian government and a number of partners such as CARE, Child Fund, World Vision and the World Food Programme, to mention only a few, were found to be involved, but their efforts were fragmented and interventions for children were limited, fragmented and less responsive to the current risks and vulnerabilities of children. The study also established that if 2–3% of the country’s gross domestic product as recommended by the International Labour Organization were used, Zambia could afford to provide extensive social protection coverage (beyond its current offering) by using local resources. However, this would require putting in place appropriate and sustainable resource mobilisation measures and decentralization of the processes and interventions. Based on these and other concluding findings, it is recommended that in order for social protection for vulnerable children in Zambia to be effective, among other requirements, political will is needed in the provision of social protection for vulnerable groups, especially children, through legislative and policy frameworks. Additionally, there is a need for sustainable resource mobilisation, especially through progressive taxation such as taxation of undeserved income and taxation of big businesses, especially mining companies. However, due to limitations in qualitative methods and descriptive designs and the small sample of the data used, the conclusions and recommendations of the study are but conjectural.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het op die maatskaplike beskerming van kwesbare kinders in Zambië gekonsentreer. Die doel was om te bepaal hoe maatskaplike beskerming ontwikkel het en gekonseptualiseer is – die soorte en funksies van maatskaplike beskerming, die beleide en programme daaroor, die voordele en dienste wat daarmee verband hou, en die gepaardgaande risiko’s en kwesbaarhede. ʼn Beskrywende navorsingsontwerp met kwalitatiewe metodes vir data-insameling en -ontleding is gebruik. Die steekproef van 24 deelnemers uit die staatsektor en nieregeringsorganisasies wat met die lewering van maatskaplike beskerming gemoeid is, sowel as kinderversorgers, het uit die Lusaka-, sentrale en suidelike provinsies van Zambië gekom. ’n Semigestruktureerde onderhoudskedule is gebruik. Die navorser het alle opnames van onderhoude getranskribeer en dit voor ontleding aan die deelnemers gestuur om te proeflees en enige nodige regstellings te maak. Die basiese behoefte-, bemagtiging-, risikobestuur-, regsgebaseerde en vermoëns benaderings is gebruik om die konseptualisering, ontwerp kenmerke en implementering van modaliteite van maatskaplike beskerming te bevorder. Benewens die gebrek aan ’n teoretiese grondslag vir maatskaplike beskerming, het die studie op die verteenwoordigende- verklarende-, normatiewe-, menslikekapitaal-, maatskaplikekonstruksie-, maatskaplikekontrak- en strukturele maatskaplikewerk-teorieë staatgemaak om die bevindinge aan te vul, uit te brei en na te gaan. Etiekgoedkeuring (nommer Desc_Moonga2012) is van die Universiteit Stellenbosch se Navorsingsetiekkomitee verkry. Die etiekgoedkeuringsertifikaat is op sy beurt gebruik om toestemming te vra en te verkry van die Zambiese Ministerie van Gemeenskapsontwikkeling en Moeder- en Kindergesondheid en nieregerings-organisasies wat by die studie betrokke was. Die empiriese bevinding van die studie is dat maatskaplike beskerming ’n ou aktiwiteit met ’n nuwe naam is, en dat dit vinnig uitgebrei word, dog na kontant-oorplasings oorhel. Maatskaplike beskerming in Zambië geskied merendeels as onvoorwaardelike oorplasings, hoofsaaklik in die vorm van maatskaplike bystand. Geen bestaande regs- of beleidsraamwerk wat bepaald oor maatskaplike beskerming handel, kon opgespoor word nie, hoewel werk aan ’n beleidsraamwerk ten tyde van die studie aan die gang was. Die Zambiese regering en ’n aantal vennote, waaronder CARE, Child Fund, World Vision en die Wêreldvoedselprogram, om net enkeles te noem, is betrokke by maatskaplike beskerming dienslewering, maar hul pogings is gefragmenteer. Veral intervensies vir kinders is beperk, gefragmenteer en nie juis ingestel op die kinders se huidige risiko’s en kwesbaarhede nie. Daarbenewens het die studie vasgestel dat indien 2–3% van die land se bruto binnelandse produk gebruik word, soos wat die Internasionale Arbeidsorganisasie aanbeveel, Zambië kan bekostig om met behulp van plaaslike hulpbronne omvattende maatskaplike beskerming (wat verder strek as sy huidige aanbod) te bied. Dít sou egter vereis dat toepaslike en volhoubare maatreëls en desentralisering van prosesse en intervensies ingestel word om hulpbronne te mobiliseer. Op grond van hierdie en ander bevindinge is die gevolgtrekking dat maatskaplike beskerming vir kwesbare groepe in Zambië slegs doeltreffend sal wees indien die nodige politieke wil bestaan om deur regs- en beleidsraamwerke maatskaplike beskerming aan hierdie groepe, veral kinders, te voorsien. Daar bestaan ook ’n behoefte aan volhoubare hulpbronmobilisering, veral deur progressiewe belasting soos belasting op onverdiende inkomste en belasting op groot ondernemings, bepaald mynmaatskappye. Weens die beperkinge van kwalitatiewe metodes en deskriptiewe ontwerpe, sowel as die klein datasteekproef wat gebruik is, is die gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings van die studie egter bloot verondersteld.
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Winter, Satine Hyacinth. „Navigating the battleground: autism policy and human rights for children with autism spectrum disorders in Australia“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/3455.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the Helping Children With Autism (HCWA) package, which is a public website on Australian autism policy with a particular consideration of how the HCWA package positioned parents when they engaged with this federal government initiative. The study also aimed to examine how and to what extent the HCWA package aligned with international human rights standards using the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This study was underpinned by a theoretical framework that combined the sociology of Zygmunt Bauman and the models of disability (charity, medical, social, human rights) with human rights.
The nature and complexity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents challenges to parents raising their child with ASD, which often results in uncertainty about their rights and responsibilities alongside those of the government, and State. In 2008 the Australian Government attempted to solve the policy problem of autism and implemented the HCWA package in response to parents’ pleas for help in raising their child with ASD (Palm Consulting Group, 2005, June 20). The HCWA package was the first autism specific policy in Australia and aimed to provide funding, support, and services for children with ASD and their families (Minister for Families Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, 2007). The HCWA package is currently being superseded by the rollout of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) across Australia and hence the opportunity to benefit from a close exploration of the HCWA may contribute to this process.
Limited research evaluating the effectiveness of the HCWA package has been conducted. No study has evaluated the parent perspective on the HCWA initiative as a policy and there were insufficient studies of parents’ reactions to the HCWA package (Prior, Roberts, Rodger, & Williams, 2011; Wicks & O'Reilly, 2013; K. D. Wilson, 2013; K. D. Wilson & Watson, 2011). Moreover, there is limited research on disability policy compliance with human rights standards, especially in Australia. Research on the HCWA package is important because it has the potential to identify areas of strength and weakness from a consumer and human rights perspective and helps inform future government policies and initiatives such as the NDIS and to improve the quality of life for children with ASD.
A qualitative approach of Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) was used to examine the HCWA package across three landing pages from two government departments: FaHCSIA and DEEWR. In 2013 data were selected from the HCWA package over several months during the implementation of the HCWA package across Australia. The researcher, as a parent of a child with ASD, selected and analysed the data to explore how the HCWA package positioned parents when they engaged with this federal government initiative. Kress and van Leeuwen’s (2006) grammar of visual design provided a framework to analyse online web content using the researcher as viewer of the policy. The e-government autism policy was further analysed in terms of web accessibility and compliance with regulatory guidelines for federal government department websites.
The findings from this study reveal that the Australian Government positioned parents of children with ASD as consumers of the product of autism policy, in this case the HCWA package. This positioning was framed within a discourse of charity and medical models of disability that viewed autism as a problem of the individual and provided charity through funding, supports, and services (e.g. medical and education professionals). The charity and medical models of disability were entwined within a broader discourse of power where the Australian Government had power, position, and authority as experts over parents of children with ASD. This unequal distribution of power added to the tensions within the autism community and the cycle of blame between parents and professionals.
Good parenting - as it was constituted by the HCWA package - involved being informed and educated and willing to follow the advice of the Australian Government. Good parents furthermore complied with traditional western gender roles where women were viewed as the primary caregivers and nurturers of children with ASD, particularly in the early years. The Australian Government also positioned parents as neoliberal citizens who were responsible for the success of raising their child with ASD and the outcomes of that child in life and within society. Lastly, the study found that the HCWA package did not align with all general principles of Article 3, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and was thus regarded as indicative of a violation of human rights for children with ASD in Australia.
Based on these findings, the study presents recommendations concerning the parent-as-consumer role in autism policy in meeting the best interests and needs of children with ASD and their families, which also have relevance to the current transition to the NDIS in Australia. An eight-step model is proposed to improve parent information and health literacy on ASD, which is important for improving parent decision-making for their child with ASD. In particular, a newly framed human rights model of disability is recommended as a means of moving forward from the social model of disability in critical disability studies and for advancing the rights of children with ASD in theory and in practice.
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Winter, Satine Hyacinth. „Navigating the Battleground: Autism Policy and Human Rights for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders in Australia“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367806.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the Helping Children With Autism (HCWA) package, which is a public website on Australian autism policy with a particular consideration of how the HCWA package positioned parents when they engaged with this federal government initiative. The study also aimed to examine how and to what extent the HCWA package aligned with international human rights standards using the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This study was underpinned by a theoretical framework that combined the sociology of Zygmunt Bauman and the models of disability (charity, medical, social, human rights) with human rights.
The nature and complexity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents challenges to parents raising their child with ASD, which often results in uncertainty about their rights and responsibilities alongside those of the government, and State. In 2008 the Australian Government attempted to solve the policy problem of autism and implemented the HCWA package in response to parents’ pleas for help in raising their child with ASD (Palm Consulting Group, 2005, June 20). The HCWA package was the first autism specific policy in Australia and aimed to provide funding, support, and services for children with ASD and their families (Minister for Families Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, 2007).Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Education and Professional Studies
Arts, Education and Law
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Fischer, Imke. „Years of silent control : the influence of the Commonwealth in state physical education in Victoria and New South Wales“. Phd thesis, School of Social, Policy and Curriculum Studies, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4031.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Social, Policy and Curriculum Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Sydney, 2001.Title from title screen (viewed 12th February, 2009) Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Kana, Gudveig Kartveit. „Resilience in children experiencing voluntary parental absence“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1167.
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The South African White Paper for Social Welfare (1997:58) acknowledges the importance to children of living in a secure and nurturing family. Nevertheless, many families are unable to fulfil their parenting roles as a result of the increasing pressures in society. One of these pressures concerns the employment of parents. There is an increasing tendency for people to relocate to bigger cities where there are more job opportunities. This then results in many children being left in the care of grandparents or other relatives while the biological parents pursue job opportunities in other cities. The aim of this study was to enhance an understanding of children’s experiences of these voluntary parental absences and the factors that contribute to their resilience during this process. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was employed and seven primary school children (10-12 years) from Port Elizabeth participated in semi-structured interviews including drawings. Trustworthiness was ensured and data analysis was conducted by using Tesch’s model (in Creswell, 1998). Four themes were derived from the study: Children’s perception of a family, where the participants defined family according to characteristics of (amongst others) care and love; Children’s experiences of living with a substitute family, where there was a process of detachment from biological parents, attachment to the substitute family and present experiences in the new family; Resilience in children, where the participants revealed their ways of coping; and, lastly, Suggestions from the participants on how other children in the same situation could cope.
Bücher zum Thema "Children – government policy"
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Daniel, Paul. Children and social policy. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 1998.
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Ghana. National gender and children policy. [Accra]: Republic of Ghana, Ministry of Women and Children's Affairs, 2001.
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Mauritius. National children's policy: "a republic fit for children.". [Port-Louis]: Ministry of Women's Rights, Child Development & Family Welfare, 2003.
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1930-, Zigler Edward, Kagan Sharon Lynn und Hall Nancy Wilson, Hrsg. Children, families, and government: Preparing for the twenty-first century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
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Children, Massachusetts Office for. Help for children policy and procedures manual. Boston, Mass: The Office, 1987.
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1950-, Avery Rosemary J., Hrsg. Adoption policy and special needs children. Westport, Conn: Auburn House, 1997.
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Children first: National guidance for the protection and welfare of children. Dublin: Government Publications, 2011.
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Climenko, Johnson Laura, und Barnhorst Richard, Hrsg. Children, families, and public policy in the 90s. Toronto: Thompson Educational Pub., 1991.
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Mitra, Amit. Children and governance. New Delhi: HAQ: Centre for Child Rights, 2012.
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Children and Social Protection Ghana. Ministry of Gender. Child and family welfare policy. Accra: Republic of Ghana, Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection, 2015.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Children – government policy"
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Sheehan, Rosemary. „Government and policy developments related to crossover children“. In “Crossover” Children in the Youth Justice and Child Protection Systems, 18–30. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge,: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429291517-2.
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Rao Seshadri, Shreelata, und Jyoti Ramakrishna. „Food and Nutrition Policy: The Government Response“. In Nutritional Adequacy, Diversity and Choice Among Primary School Children, 143–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3470-1_7.
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Lynch, Gordon. „Flawed Progress: Criticisms of Residential Institutions for Child Migrants in Australia and Policy Responses, 1939–1945“. In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 55–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_3.
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AbstractThe positive view of child migration held by UK Government officials in the inter-war period was not based on any regular system of inspections of the institutions in Australia to which children were sent. During the Second World War, UK Government officials became more of reported problems at several of these institutions, relating to standards of accommodation, management, care, training and after-care. This chapter traces the growing awareness of these problems and the UK Government’s response to them. Whilst policy-makers’ positive assumptions about child migration were challenged, and specific issues and institutions were known to require significant improvement, overall confidence in the value of child migration remained. Despite evidence of organisational failings in Australia, Australian welfare professionals were trusted to address these problems, and suggestions about the need for greater control from the United Kingdom were seen as a backward-looking attempt to limit the autonomy of Britain’s Dominions.
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Lynch, Gordon. „‘A Serious Injustice to the Individual’: British Child Migration to Australia as Policy Failure“. In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_1.
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AbstractThe Introduction sets this book in the wider context of recent studies and public interest in historic child abuse. Noting other international cases of child abuse in the context of public programmes and other institutional contexts, it is argued that children’s suffering usually arose not from an absence of policy and legal protections but a failure to implement these effectively. The assisted migration of unaccompanied children from the United Kingdom to Australia is presented, particularly in the post-war period, as another such example of systemic failures to maintain known standards of child welfare. The focus of the book on policy decisions and administrative systems within the UK Government is explained and the relevance of this study to the historiography of child migration and post-war child welfare is also set out.
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Sandin, Bengt. „Recognizing Children’s Rights: From Child Protection to Children’s Human Rights—The 1979 Swedish Ban on Corporal Punishment in Perspective“. In The Politics of Children’s Rights and Representation, 31–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04480-9_2.
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AbstractSweden, taken alone or in conjunction with the other Nordic countries, is commonly perceived as a nation where the protection of children and children’s rights has significantly contributed to building both the welfare state and a national identity. The adoption of legislation that prohibits the use of corporal punishment within the family in 1979 is often seen as an example of Sweden’s modernization and commitment to the welfare state and has made the country perform as one of the leaders in the struggle for children’s rights. This chapter looks back at the political situation that has allowed the introduction of a legal ban on corporal punishment within the family, which was built on the concomitant establishment of a new type of relationship between children, the family and the state and on the advent of a multicultural society.Children’s rights were redefined step by step as a consequence of fundamental changes in the role of the state in representing, protecting, and controlling children in institutions such as orphanages, reformatories, childcare and penal institutions under state and government responsibility as well as in schools and in the family. The direct disciplining of children’s bodies by corporal punishment and humiliating treatment was curtailed and prohibited in public institutions and in due time also the role of the family. The discourses evolved around different representations of children’s individual rights, that were considered equal to those of parents, and of children’s physical, psychological and emotional integrity. The discussion evolved from a focus on the disciplining of older children to a focus on the maltreatment of infants; as a result of that corporal punishment in public institutions and educational and care facilities was banned. In the early 1960s which signified the advent of the expansion of the welfare state and family support with parental leave and childcare, corporal punishment was only accepted in the family and the integrity of the family from state regulation of the upbringing of children and gender relation was questioned. The immigrant population whose views on child rearing were presented as a problem during the 1970s necessitated more direct state intervention and policy of child protection.This position conflicted with the overriding principle concerning respect for various cultural values which formed part of Swedish immigration policy during the same period. The values concerning raising children, and the rights of children in Sweden, were established as fundamental, as human rights in a democratic society and in parity with universal democratic human rights. The 1979 Swedish law prohibiting corporal punishment of children was partly a reaction to the transformation of a relatively homogeneous society into a multicultural society but also a result of a fundamental change of the scope and organization of welfare institutions for children.
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Lynch, Gordon. „‘Australia as the Coming Greatest Foster-Father of Children the World Has Ever Known’: The Post-war Resumption of Child Migration to Australia, 1945–1947“. In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 131–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_5.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the policy context and administrative systems associated with the resumption of assisted child migration from the United Kingdom to Australia in 1947. During the Second World War, the Australian Commonwealth Government came to see child migration as an increasingly important element in its wider plans for post-war population growth. Whilst initially developing a plan to receive up to 50,000 ‘war orphans’ shortly after the war in new government-run cottage homes, the Commonwealth Government subsequently abandoned this, partly for financial reasons. A more cost-effective strategy of working with voluntary societies, and their residential institutions, was adopted instead. Monitoring systems of these initial migration parties by the UK Government were weak. Whilst the Home Office began to formulate policies about appropriate standards of care for child migrants overseas, this work was hampered by tensions between the Home Office and the Commonwealth Relations Office about the extent to control over organisations in Australia was possible.
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Litvyak, Olga. „Education in Times of COVID-19“. In International Series on Public Policy, 243–64. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52096-9_14.
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AbstractThe COVID-19 policies in the education sector have been particularly diverse, often with distinct approaches adopted not only across Europe but even at the regional level within one country, for example, in Spain or Germany. Furthermore, there has been a wide range of measures depending on the level of education. While universities largely switched to online learning, nursery and primary schools that initially also faced restrictions on face-to-face learning became crucial in providing support to parents working from home in the later stage of the pandemic. School closures during the lockdown periods largely disrupted education, leading to potential long-term consequences for children and increasing existing educational inequalities. Emerging research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education sector has shown that suspension of in-person learning has contributed to learning loss, exacerbating achievement gaps in several European countries and negatively impacted students’ well-being. At the same time, the switch to distance learning accelerated the digitalisation of education institutions and education systems across Europe, amplifying economic disparities across the countries. With digital learning becoming the dominant policy measure, supranational actors, such as the EU and the UN intensified competition for global education governance, proposing own policy solutions. This chapter discusses differences and similarities in education policy measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the countries of the European Economic Area and the role of supranational actors. It explores the country-level factors that influenced the policymaking process, such as economy, ideological stances of the government, level of education governance within the country, contrasting them with the COVID-19-related developments, such as the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Thus, it aims at providing an in-depth comparative examination of the emergency policymaking in the field of education during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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van Acker, Elizabeth. „The UK — Governments Supporting Children“. In Governments and Marriage Education Policy, 63–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230227576_4.
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Osman, Kim, Amber Marshall und Michael Dezuanni. „Digital Inclusion and Learning at Home: Challenges for Low-Income Australian Families“. In Palgrave Studies in Digital Inequalities, 87–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28930-9_5.
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AbstractThe sudden switch to learning exclusively at home during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the extent of low levels of digital inclusion for many low-income and socially disadvantaged families and children in Australia. Many students and families struggled with access to, and the affordability of, devices and data, along with having the required digital skills and mentoring to learn at home. The Australian Government recognises that “socially vulnerable children are over-represented among the group of students who are educationally vulnerable” and the Australian Digital Inclusion Index shows there is a “substantial digital divide between richer and poorer Australians” (Thomas J, Barraket J, Wilson C, Cook K, Louie Y, Holcombe-James I, Ewing S, MacDonald T, Measuring Australia’s digital divide: the Australian digital inclusion index 2018. RMIT University, for Telstra, Melbourne, 2018). This combination of digital and social disadvantage has far-reaching consequences for the educational outcomes of children from low-income families in Australia. Additionally, as social, government, education and commercial services move rapidly towards ‘digital by default,’ digital inclusion and in particular, digital ability, are critical for social and economic participation in society (Dezuanni M, Allan C, Pittsworth stories: Developing a social living lab for digital participation in a rural Australian community. In: Dezuanni M, Foth M, Mallan K, Hughes H (eds) Digital participation through social living labs –valuing local knowledge, enhancing engagement. Chandos Publishing, Cambridge, pp 141–171, 2018; Al-Muwil A, Weerakkody V, El-haddadeh R, Dwivedi Y, Inform Syst Front 21(3): 635–659, 2019). This chapter outlines policy, government, industry and community responses to enabling children from low-income families in Australia to learn at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses how such responses can be part of sustainable solutions to the digital inclusion challenges of families that enables all family members to fully participate in society now, and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
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„Government policy and disadvantaged children“. In Exclusion From School, 69–77. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203435694-9.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Children – government policy"
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Cheng, Ching-Ching, und Shan-Shan Cheng. „IMPLEMENTING A NATIONAL DATABASE ON YOUNG CHILDREN'S LEARNING: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF A LONGITUDINAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE QUALITY OF PRESCHOOLS“. In 5th International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education. Scientia Socialis Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2023.58.
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In recent years, many policies have been formulated and strongly promoted to improve the quality of early childhood education. In 2012, the Taiwanese government enacted a new national curriculum framework for early childhood education to enhance the quality of early childhood education programs. This new framework is key competence-oriented, meaning preschool educators must focus on children's learning and inquiry processes when designing the curriculum. A series of projects collecting information on the quality of the learning environment and learning outcomes of children aged 2 to 9, called the Early Childhood Learning Database, was built to understand the effectiveness of the curriculum reform. As a longitudinal study, young children's learning is long-term tracked and analyzed to understand the authentic situation and relevant factors to form a policy for optimizing education quality. The preliminary analysis confirmed the positive influence of the new curriculum. Keywords: early childhood education, curriculum reform, learning database, quality of preschools
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Micheni, Gillian Kagwiria, und Wambui Kogi Makau. „Predisposing Factors of Rickets in Children Aged 6-59 Months at Mbagathi Hospital, Nairobi“. In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-m.i.y.c.n.h.p-21.
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A child’s health and survival are highly dependent on optimal maternal infant and young child nutrition practices. In Kenya, under-nutrition is a leading cause of death of children. For infants and children under the age of two, the consequences of under-nutrition are particularly severe, often irreversible, and far reaching in future. Rickets is a disease associated with bone deformity that is caused by inadequate mineralization in growing bones, mainly associated with deficiency in either vitamin D, calcium or both. If untreated it could lead to lifelong disability. Despite, the declines in the prevalence of nutritional rickets since the discovery of vitamin D and role of ultra violet light in prevention of the disease, the condition is still a concern in many affluent and developing countries. In Kenya, there is scanty data on the predisposing factors associated with the re-emergence of rickets, yet recent research shows increasing numbers of cases of rickets being reported at health facilities. A case control study of the children with rickets (cases) and those without rickets (controls) was conducted in 2019 at Mbagathi Hospital to establish the predisposing factors that influence the occurrence of rickets in children aged 6-59 months Nairobi County, Kenya. The results of the study show that large household size (p=0.04), low birth weight (p=0.000), birth order (p=0.03), use of family planning methods(p=0.000), malnutrition (wasting & underweight) (p=0.000), exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.008), lack of sunbathing (0.000), positioning children under the shade during sunbathing and attending day care (0.037) were significantly associated with the occurrence of rickets. The study recommends that caregivers should adopt sunbathing their children under direct sunlight, that further studies be conducted on the following factors household size, birth weight, birth order and attending day care in relation to occurrence of rickets. It also recommended that the Government of Kenya through the Ministry of Health and relevant bodies should formulate an elaborate policy on rickets, Keywords: optimal maternal infant, under-nutrition, Rickets, vitamin D, calcium.
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Pearce, A., S. Hope, L. Griffiths, M. Cortina-Borja, C. Chittleborough und C. Law. „OP28 Will government targets to increase physical activity in children reduce socio-economic inequalities in childhood overweight? a policy simulation in the uk millennium cohort study (mcs)“. In Society for Social Medicine, 61st Annual Scientific Meeting, University of Manchester, 5–8 September 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-ssmabstracts.28.
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Chege, Ruth Waithira. „Addressing the Gaps in Maternal, Infant, And Young Child Nutrition Policies in Kenya Post-Covid Era“. In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-m.i.y.c.n.h.p-22.
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Proper nutrition during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood helps to prevent micronutrient deficiencies for mothers and children. Improved maternal nutrition during pregnancy has been associated with improved birth outcomes and minimized risk of pregnancy-related complications. Poor nutrition during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of preeclampsia, anemia, hemorrhage, and death in mothers. In addition, poor nutrition status of mothers leads to stillbirth, wasting, low birth weight, and delayed developmental milestones in children. Mothers are the source of many generations. Thus, their nutrition status predominantly influences the nutrition status of the forthcoming generations. Given the sensitivity of maternal, infant, and young children nutrition services, the government of Kenya, in partnership with international agencies such as UNICEF and WHO, has developed policies and guidelines to ensure the well-being of this key population. These guidelines and policies address malnutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, health education and counseling, access to healthcare, food security, and policy coordination and implementation. Although Kenya has come a long way in implementing these policies, there appear to be several gaps in the promotion and application of these policies. Kenya is still struggling with potential gaps in maternal and infant nutrition policies in Kenya including limited coverage of nutrition counseling and support to pregnant women, inadequate focus on preconception nutrition, inadequate support for exclusive breastfeeding, poor integration of nutrition into maternal and child health programs, inadequate coverage of complementary feeding programs especially to children above 24 months of age, poor monitoring and evaluation of systems to examine the effectiveness of various maternal, infant and young children practices. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic increased the uncertainties in the application of nutrition guidelines in maternal nutrition. In particular, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated misperceptions in antenatal nutrition practices, breastfeeding practices, and complementary feeding. These misperceptions persist three years after the onset of the pandemic, thus adding to the existing gaps in the country’s maternal, infant, and young child nutrition policies. Within this context, the proposed study will explore the present gaps in Kenya’s maternal, young, and infant child feeding policies post-COVID-19 era and suggest sound recommendations to address these gaps effectively. Key Words: COVID-19 Pandemic, Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Nutrition Guidelines, Gaps in Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Nutrition Policies, Key policy recommendations, Evaluation of maternal and child nutrition programs
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MERKYS, Gediminas, Daiva BUBELIENE und Nijolė ČIUČIULKIENĖ. „SATISFACTION OF RURAL POPULATION WITH PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE REGIONS: ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS“. In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.154.
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The key idea of the well-being concept strives to answer the question about how well the needs of people in a society are met in different spheres of social life - the physical, economic, social, educational, environmental, emotional, and spiritual – as well as individuals’ evaluations of their own lives and the way that their society operates (Gilbert, Colley, Roberts, 2016). One of the possible suggestions for answering the question: “How well are the needs of people in a society met?” could be the monitoring of citizen’s satisfaction with public services while applying a standardized questionnaire for population covering 193 primary indicators (health, social security, culture, public transport, utilities, environment, recreation and sport, public communication, education, etc). Even 23 indicators are about education that makes educational services a considerable part of all social service system. As the researchers aimed to analyze satisfaction of rural population with public services stressing the education issue, indicators about education dominated in the survey. The data were collected in 2016 - 2017 in 2 regional municipalities: municipalities: Jonava and Radviliskis (N=2368). The results of the analysis demonstrate that rural residents' satisfaction with formal general education services is relatively high. The only negative exception is the "the placement of a child in a pre-school institution based on the place of residence". Furthermore, rural residents poorly evaluated educational services that are related to non-formal education, adult education, the education of children with disabilities, child safety, meaningful xtracurricular activities of children and young people during all day, preventive programs. These major conclusions let the researchers state that local self-governmental institutions are not capable to cope with the quality challenges of some educational services without special intervention policy of the central government and the EU responsible structural units. A negative impact is also reinforced by a rapidly deteriorating demographic situation in Lithuanian rural areas.
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Kusuma, Mutiara Tirta Prabandari Lintang. „Understanding the Contextual Idiosyncrasies of Stunting Prevention Program at District and Village Levels in Indonesia Using the Ecological Approach“. In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.34.
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ABSTRACT Background: Despite rapid economic growth, stunting affects one third of the children under five population in Indonesia. The Government of Indonesia (GoI) realizing the problem, established the National Strategy to Accelerate Stunting Prevention as a national priority program for 2017 to 2021. The GoI plans to maximize the use of resources, policies, and programs that encompasses nutrition-specific and sensitive interventions directed to the first 100 days of life. This study aimed to explore the extent of program planning, budgeting, and implementation related to stunting prevention at district and village level as well as to understand the challenges presented to converge intervention. Subjects and Method: A case study with ecological approach was conducted in 10 villages from five districts in Indonesia. The study method included focus group discussions with 70 district officials and 100 village representatives, interviews with 12 key informants from district planning agency, document analysis, and reflective journaling. The data were reported descriptively. Results: Most head districts, officials from relevant departments and village leaders committed to stunting prevention following the vice president decree of stunting as a national priority. As a result, programs and budget were in place and local initiatives to prevent stunting were on the rise. Despite the commitment, many expressed ambivalences and disregarded the issue as a mere short stature (genetic variation). Thus, problems related to efficiency, coverage, and sustainability persists as maintaining motivation among staffs were difficult. In some settings, the situation was exacerbated by factors such as high financial dependency, misconception, and poor gender relation. Conclusion: The policy and programs to control stunting among children in Indonesia are in place. However, challenges occur due to the complexity in governance system as well as lack of political will. Better communication and cooperation are essential for well implemented policies. Keywords: stunting, ecological approach, case study, nutrition intervention, nutrition policy Correspondence: Mutiara Tirta Prabandari Lintang Kusuma. Department of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Public Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara Yogyakarta 55281. Email: mutiara.tirta@gmail.com. Mobile: +628139880320 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.34
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Ihuoma, Chinwe. „Achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 among Female Nomadic Children in Nigeria using Open and Distance Learning Strategies“. In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.5898.
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Education is a basic human right that every child ought to enjoy. Sustainable Development Goal 4 is also to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and to promote lifelong learning opportunities for all by year 2030. Nigeria recognizes education as a fundamental human right and is signatory to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). In 2003, the Government of Nigeria passed into Law the Child Rights Act aimed at facilitating the realization and protection of the rights of all children. Nigeria also enacted the Universal Basic Education (UBE) law, which provides for a 9-year free and compulsory basic education to fast-track education interventions at the primary and junior secondary school levels. Nomads have been defined as people; who mainly live and derive most of their food and income from raising domestic livestock. // They move from place to place with their livestock in search of pasture and water. Because of this, sending their children to school becomes a big issue for them and the girl child is the worst affected. Girl-child education is the education geared towards the development of the total personality of the female gender to make them active participating members of economic development of their nation. Education also helps girls to realize their potentials, thus enabling them to elevate their social status. This paper which adopts descriptive research design examined the factors hindering adequate participation of the nomadic girl child in formal Education. Religious factors and beliefs, poverty ,Parents’ attitude, underdevelopment and insecurity, Educational policy and home-based factors, were some of the hindering factors identified, among others. Ways of enhancing their participation were suggested and recommended, such as training in literacy and vocational skills, mobile education and improved political will. These will make the girl child become functional in the society.
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Sennett, Jacquelyn Baker. „DEVELOPING AN ANTI-OPPRESSIVE PROFESSIONAL VOICE AS A PRE-SERVICE TEACHER“. In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end046.
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"Service-learning is traditionally used as a pedagogical tool in pre-service teacher education programs to connect theory to practice and to provide future teachers with experiences that support school needs and offer early opportunities to engage with children and youth. While the assumption is that pre-service teachers will benefit from service-learning by ultimately becoming more effective educators, the reality is that pre-service teachers often encounter entrenched power structures and deficit models of teaching and learning while participating in traditional service-learning activities. The research presented here examined one college’s critical service learning initiative designed to support pre-service teachers as they interrogated existing power structures impacting both teaching and children’s learning and lived experiences. The College’s rationale for this pedagogical shift was to support pre-service teachers’ understanding of equity and social justice and to help them develop an anti-oppressive professional advocacy voice that can be useful when attempting to reduce the systemic barriers they may encounter when working in U.S. schools. The researcher followed 94 pre-service teachers over the course of 10 weeks as they engaged in one of two self-selected critical service-learning projects: (1) Educational policy involvement during a government legislative session (n=51) or (2) Production of podcasts on educational equity issues for the local community (n=43). Survey data and analysis of student reflections were examined. 91% of pre-service teachers indicated that involvement enhanced their ability to implement anti-oppressive practices, and 96% reported that the experience helped them determine who they want to become in a movement for educational and social justice."
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The Hung, Nguyen, Bui Thanh Binh, Do Thi Ha Anh und Dao Thi Thuy Ngoc. „ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF FOOD SUPPORT POLICY PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN LAI CHAU PROVINCE, WHO WILL NO LONGER BE ELIGIBLE FOR ASSISTANCE WHEN REGION III COMMUNES, VILLAGES, AND HAMLETS BECOME REGION I, AS PER VIETNAMESE GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS“. In SOCIOINT 2022- 9th International Conference on Education and Education of Social Sciences. International Organization Center of Academic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46529/socioint.202202.
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Ibrahim, Marzia, und Anusha Sharma. „The National Coalition on the Education Emergency - Building Macro-Resilience in Response to the Pandemic“. In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.7438.
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The pandemic has caused the near collapse of the already weak Indian public education system. Prolonged school closures along with caste, gender, and economic marginalisation are forcing children to endure malnutrition, physical and mental health challenges, child labour, and early marriages, in addition to learning deprivation. The system’s response has not reached the grassroots. NGOs across the country provide services at the ground level, but national-level coordination is insufficient. This paper studies the National Coalition on the Education Emergency (NCEE), established by individuals and groups from across India, as a case of building macro-resilience, emphasising principles of equity, universal access, humane education, decentralised decision-making, and public investment. Through a critical examination of the work done by the NCEE on curating curricular resources (OERs), conducting and compiling research studies, developing policy tracking tools, networking with partners and collaborators, creating larger awareness, social mobilisation, advocacy and interacting with governments to inform their programs and policies, the paper will discuss challenges in the Indian education system and the attempts to address them within a federal state structure. It looks at why an integrated nationwide response to the crisis is necessary.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Children – government policy"
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van Ravens, Jan, Luis Crouch, Katherine Merseth King, Elisa A. Hartwig und Carlos Aggio. The Preschool Entitlement: A Locally Adaptable Policy Instrument to Expand and Improve Preschool Education. RTI Press, Januar 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.op.0082.2302.
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Only three out of five children are enrolled in preschool globally, and only one out of five in low-income countries, yet the expansion of preschool education came to a near standstill in 2020. To restart it, we propose a policy instrument called the Preschool Entitlement. It entails the right of every child to 600 hours of quality government-funded preschool education per year (3 hours per day, 5 days per week, 40 weeks per year). Existing preschool institutions and other organizations with legal status (public, private, faith- or community-based) can offer the child development program after a process of rigorous accreditation to ensure quality, inclusion, and safety. In other respects, they will have the freedom to shape the program according to local circumstances and local preferences. This makes it possible to supplement the daily 3 hours with additional hours of childcare that can be financed by families, local government, employers, national associations, faith-based organizations, ministries of social affairs, or others. In this manner, the Preschool Entitlement reconciles local autonomy with governmental responsibility for quality, access, and equity. In low- and middle-income countries, government costs would range from about 0.15 to 0.4 percent of GDP, and the benefits are likely to be significant.
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van Ravens, Jan, Luis Crouch, Katherine Merseth King, Elisa A. Hartwig und Carlos Aggio. The Preschool Entitlement: A Locally Adaptable Policy Instrument to Expand and Improve Preschool Education. RTI Press, Januar 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.op.0082.2301.
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Only three out of five children are enrolled in preschool globally, and only one out of five in low-income countries, yet the expansion of preschool education came to a near standstill in 2020. To restart it, we propose a policy instrument called the Preschool Entitlement. It entails the right of every child to 600 hours of quality government-funded preschool education per year (3 hours per day, 5 days per week, 40 weeks per year). Existing preschool institutions and other organizations with legal status (public, private, faith- or community-based) can offer the child development program after a process of rigorous accreditation to ensure quality, inclusion, and safety. In other respects, they will have the freedom to shape the program according to local circumstances and local preferences. This makes it possible to supplement the daily 3 hours with additional hours of childcare that can be financed by families, local government, employers, national associations, faith-based organizations, ministries of social affairs, or others. In this manner, the Preschool Entitlement reconciles local autonomy with governmental responsibility for quality, access, and equity. In low- and middle-income countries, government costs would range from about 0.15 to 0.4 percent of GDP, and the benefits are likely to be significant.
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Forrester, Donald, Sophie Wood, Charlotte Waits, Rebecca Jones, Dan Bristow und Emma Taylor-Collins. Children's social services and care rates in Wales: A survey of the sector. Wales Centre for Public Policy - Cardiff University, März 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54454/20220311.
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Wales has seen a rise in both the number and rate of children looked after. The rate is now higher than any time since the 1980s. In addition, Wales has consistently had more children looked after per 10,000 of the population than the rest of the UK. This trend is a cause for concern; particularly the impact on the outcomes of children who are taken into care in terms of educational attainment, health, unemployment, homelessness, and criminal justice. Moreover, the Covid-19 pandemic is expected to have worsened the situation. To understand better the factors influencing care rates, the Welsh Government commissioned the Wales Centre for Public Policy and the Centre for Children’s Social Care Research and Development (CASCADE) at Cardiff University to undertake a survey with the children’s social care (CSC) workforce.
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Idris, Iffat. Increasing Birth Registration for Children of Marginalised Groups in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.102.
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This review looks at approaches to promote birth registration among marginalised groups, in order to inform programming in Pakistan. It draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, in particular reports by international development organizations. While there is extensive literature on rates of birth registration and the barriers to this, and consensus on approaches to promote registration, the review found less evidence of measures specifically aimed at marginalised groups. Gender issues are addressed to some extent, particularly in understanding barriers to registration, but the literature was largely disability-blind. The literature notes that birth registration is considered as a fundamental human right, allowing access to services such as healthcare and education; it is the basis for obtaining other identity documents, e.g. driving licenses and passports; it protects children, e.g. from child marriage; and it enables production of vital statistics to support government planning and resource allocation. Registration rates are generally lower than average for vulnerable children, e.g. from minority groups, migrants, refugees, children with disabilities. Discriminatory policies against minorities, restrictions on movement, lack of resources, and lack of trust in government are among the ‘additional’ barriers affecting the most marginalised. Women, especially unmarried women, also face greater challenges in getting births registered. General approaches to promoting birth registration include legal and policy reform, awareness-raising activities, capacity building of registration offices, integration of birth registration with health services/education/social safety nets, and the use of digital technology to increase efficiency and accessibility.
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McLean, Karen, Celine Chu, Julianna Mallia und Susan Edwards. Developing a national Playgroup statement : Stakeholder consultation strategy. Australian Catholic University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24268/acu.8ww69.
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[Extract] In 2019 Playgroup Australia established a National Advisory Group, including representatives from government, not-for-profit, community and research sectors, to support the development of a National Playgroup Statement. The forthcoming statement is intended to provide a unifying voice for playgroup provision in practice, research and policy nationwide. Two core strategies were recommended by the National Advisory Group to support the development of the Playgroup Statement. These were: a) a literature review canvassing the existing evidence base of outcomes and benefits of playgroup participation for children and families; and b) a stakeholder consultation strategy to capture children’s and families’ experiences and perspectives of playgroup participation, and the impact of playgroup participation on their lives. This report details the findings from the stakeholder consultation strategy.
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Bano, Masooda. Low-Fee Private-Tuition Providers in Developing Countries: An Under-Appreciated and Under- Studied Market—Supply-Side Dynamics in Pakistan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/107.
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Although low-income parents’ dependence on low-fee private schools has been actively documented in the past decade, existing research and policy discussions have failed to recognise their heavy reliance on low-fee tuition providers in order to ensure that their children complete the primary cycle. By mapping a vibrant supply of low-fee tuition providers in two neighbourhoods in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad in Pakistan, this paper argues for understanding the supply-side dynamics of this segment of the education market with the aim of designing better-informed policies, making better use of public spending on supporting private-sector players to reach the poor. Contrary to what is assumed in studies of the private tuition market, the low-fee tuition providers offering services in the Pakistani urban neighbourhoods are not teachers in government schools trying to make extra money by offering afternoon tutorial to children from their schools. Working from their homes, the tutors featured in this paper are mostly women who often have no formal teacher training but are imaginative in their use of a diverse set of teaching techniques to ensure that children from low-income households who cannot get support for education at home cope with their daily homework assignments and pass the annual exams to transition to the next grade. These tutors were motivated to offer tuition by a combination of factors ranging from the need to earn a living, a desire to stay productively engaged, and for some a commitment to help poor children. Arguing that parents expect them to take full responsibility for their children’s educational attainment, these providers view the poor quality of education in schools, the weak maternal involvement in children’s education, and changing cultural norms, whereby children no longer respect authority, as being key to explaining the prevailing low educational levels. The paper presents evidence that the private tuition providers, who may be viewed as education entrepreneurs, have the potential to be used by the state and development agencies to provide better quality education to children from low-income families.
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Chhoeung, Norinmony, Sesokunthideth Chrea und Nghia Nguyen. Cambodia’s Cash Transfer Program during COVID-19. Asian Development Bank Institute, Dezember 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/rrmz8095.
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In 2019, Cambodia had been enjoying its steady economic growth until the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hit the country from February 2020 in the form of severe infectious diseases, causing both economic and social problems for people from all walks of life, especially poor and vulnerable families. The IDPoor Equity Card, a poverty identification and registration system, was introduced in Cambodia to provide cash to poor pregnant women and children since 2016. Given its continued success, Cambodian Prime Minister Samdech Hun Sen announced the implementation of the Cash Transfer Program (CTP) using the IDPoor Card system. The CTP provided cash to poor and vulnerable households across the country affected by the pandemic. Executing the first large-scale cash transfer program in history presented significant challenges for the Government of Cambodia. In addition to implementing the program, which had to adhere to the three principles of equity–equality–efficiency, the government had other challenges to overcome, such as the limited number of tablets and facilities to accommodate the many people waiting in line to withdraw cash. Under the guidance of the central government, particularly the Economic and Finance Policy Committee, a technical working group was established to lead the implementation process; coordination among local governments, local councils, agencies, and the poor and needy; review of the IDPoor database; establishment of the digital payment system; and training of local government staff. This enabled the CTP to effectively distribute cash to poor and vulnerable households during the pandemic.
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Schelzig, Karin, und Kirsty Newman. Promoting Inclusive Education in Mongolia. Asian Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200305-2.
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Children with disabilities suffer disproportionately from the learning crisis. Although they represent only about 1.5% to 5% of the child population, they comprise more than half of out-of-school children globally. Inspired by a commitment that every child has the right to quality education, a growing global drive for inclusive education promotes an education system where children with disabilities receive an appropriate and high-quality education that is delivered alongside their peers. The global commitment to inclusive education is captured in the Sustainable Development Goal 4—ensuring inclusive and equitable education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all. This paper explores inclusive education for children with disabilities in Mongolia’s mainstream education system, based on a 2019 survey of more than 5,000 households; interviews with teachers, school administrators, education ministry officials, and social workers; and visits to schools and kindergartens in four provinces and one district of the capital city. Mongolia has developed a strong legal and policy framework for inclusive education aligned with international best practice, but implementation and capacity are lagging. This is illustrated using four indicators of inclusive education: inclusive culture, inclusive policies, inclusive practices, and inclusive physical environments. The conclusion presents a matrix of recommendations for government and education sector development partners.
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Marcos Barba, Liliana, Hilde van Regenmortel und Ellen Ehmke. Shelter from the Storm: The global need for universal social protection in times of COVID-19. Oxfam, Dezember 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.7048.
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As 2020 draws to a close, the economic devastation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic shows no sign of abating. Without urgent action, global poverty and inequality will deepen dramatically. Hundreds of millions of people have already lost their jobs, gone further into debt or skipped meals for months. Research by Oxfam and Development Pathways shows that over 2 billion people have had no support from their governments in their time of need. Our analysis shows that none of the social protection support to those who are unemployed, elderly people, children and families provided in low- and middle-income countries has been adequate to meet basic needs. 41% of that government support was only a one-off payment and almost all government support has now stopped. Decades of social policy focused on tiny levels of means-tested support have left most countries completely unprepared for the COVID-19 economic crisis. Yet, countries such as South Africa and Bolivia have shown that a universal approach to social protection is affordable, and that it has a profound impact on reducing inequality and protecting those who need it most. In addition to the full paper and executive summary, an Excel file with the data analysed by Oxfam and Development Pathways is available to download on this page, along with an annex on the crisis in Latin America and the Caribbean.
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Rodriguez-Segura, Daniel, und Isaac Mbiti. Back to the Basics: Curriculum Reform and Student Learning in Tanzania. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), Juni 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/099.
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In 2015, the Tanzanian government implemented a curriculum reform that focused instruction in Grades 1 and 2 on the “3Rs”—reading, writing, and arithmetic. Consequently, almost 80 percent of the instructional time in these grades was mandated towards foundational literacy in Kiswahili and numeracy skills. Other subjects such as English were no longer taught. Using student-level panel data, we evaluate the effect of this policy on learning outcomes using a difference-in-differences approach which leverages the variation in the timing of implementation across grade levels and cohorts impacted by the policy. We find that the policy increased learning by around 0.20 standard deviations in Kiswahili and math test scores one year after the start of the reform. Timely teacher training on the new curriculum was associated with even larger effects. Evaluating longer term outcomes, we find suggestive evidence that the reform decreased the dropout rate of children up to four years later. However, this was also accompanied with lower average passing rates in the national Grade 4 examination due to compositional changes as low-performing students became less likely to dropout.