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1
Tyndall-Lind, Ashley. „A Comparative Analysis of Intensive Individual Play Therapy and Intensive Sibling Group Play Therapy with Child Witnesses of Domestic Violence“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278610/.
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This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of intensive sibling group play therapy in: (a) improving the self-concept of child witnesses of domestic violence; (b) reducing internalizing behavior problems, such as withdrawal, somatic complaints, anxiety and depression, of child witnesses of domestic violence; (c) reducing externalizing behavior problems, such as aggression and delinquency, of child witnesses of domestic violence; and (d) reducing overall behavior problems of child witnesses of domestic violence. A second objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of intensive sibling group play therapy and intensive individual play therapy on the above identified dimensions.
2
Welch, Zina Lauren. „"Second Injury" the re-victimization of child victims in the criminal justice system: a study of the victim witness assistance programs child abuse/sexual assault project“. DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1993. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/625.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the Criminal Justice System as it relates to the child victim. The study describes the sexually molested child in the preliminary stage of criminal court. As well as the physically abused child in the same level of court. In addition, the study identifies the Child Abuse/Sexual Assault Project of the Victim-Witness Assistance Program located in the City of Atlanta Municipal Court. The study sites examples and randomly selected case studies which describe the process and various issues which may evolve when children are required to participate in the judicial process. In addition, the study identifies the Victim-Witness Assistance programs child abuse sexual assault project as an instrument designed to empower child victims by advocating for their rights and various allowances for the child victim/witness who must appear in a criminal court hearing. The study found that the child victim has much to contend with. Children are not equally equipped to handle the intricacies of the legal system. The study also addresses the systems response to the advocate, which allows the advocate to assess the appropriateness of diversion (or social work intervention) in lieu of prosecution. The study revealed that a number of cases were successfully diverted. Lastly, the Child Abuse Sexual Assault Project allowed social work intervention in almost 100% of the child abuse/sexual assault cases which were heard in the City of Atlanta Municipal Court in the year 1992.
3
Donaldson, Kristy Melissa. „Defense and Prosecuting Attorney Perceptions of Facility Dogs in the Courtroom“. ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3939.
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Attorneys must obtain evidence for purporting their position on a court case. Many factors are considered when working with witness testimony such as age, development, narrative recall, and retraumatization. Research has detailed the hardship of obtaining evidence during witness testimony and the importance of support systems to help with the process. Existing research illustrates the stressors caused by the court processes, witness fear, and difficulty for attorneys to ascertain testimony. Therapeutic animals have been well researched and shown to have an important support role in many professions and situations. Additionally, much has been written regarding the use of varying types of court approved support systems. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding how attorneys perceive the use of facility dogs as support systems in the courtroom. The case study sought to understand how defense and prosecuting attorneys perceive the use of facility dogs in the courtroom, and how that experience has influenced their belief system. Data collection was completed through a 7 question phone interview process. The data collected via phone interviews were coded and analyzed through the use of NVivo software and Survey Monkey database. The analysis revealed the participants high level of acceptance on the use of facility dogs in the courtroom as support systems. Attorneys were open and receptive to learning more about dogs as a support system, even when hesitant about the outcome. The revelations from this study may be used to provide additional support to witnesses. Data collected within this study will propel future studies and education in many different animal advocate groups and legal entities.
4
Nevermann-Jaskolla, Urte. „Das Kind als Opferzeuge im Strafverfahren /“. Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/373364504.pdf.
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Larsson, Anneli S. „Interviewing child witnesses /“. Göteborg : Dept. of Psychology, Göteborg University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/150.
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Job, Romain. „L'audition des enfants par les enquêteurs : formation et utilisation du protocole du NICHD en France“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILH070.
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Lorsque des enfants sont victimes, leur témoignage occupe bien souvent une place centrale dans le processus d'enquête. Pour recueillir leur parole dans les meilleures conditions possibles, plusieurs techniques d'audition ont été développées et testées au cours des dernières décennies. Le protocole d'audition du National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), un guide qui aide les enquêteurs à mener l'audition, semble constituer à l'heure actuelle l'une des techniques les plus conseillées et les plus validées au niveau international. Il a ainsi été intégré dans les programmes de formation des gendarmes et des policiers français en 2016. Toutefois, depuis, aucune étude ne s'était penchée sur les effets de cette mise en place sur les pratiques de terrain. Les objectifs poursuivis par cette recherche étaient donc d'en savoir plus sur les modalités du recueil des témoignages des mineurs en France, de vérifier si les recommandations nationales et internationales étaient respectées et si les formations mises en place avaient permis la mise en œuvre effective du protocole du NICHD. Les recherches se sont concentrées sur les pratiques des gendarmes français. En 2021, la plupart des auditions de mineurs victimes faisaient l'objet d'un enregistrement vidéo et se déroulaient dans une salle spécifiquement dédiée. Toutefois, la majorité des enquêteurs qui auditionnaient des enfants n'étaient pas formés au protocole du NICHD. De plus, la parole des mineurs témoins semblait être recueillie selon des conditions moins optimales. Les enquêteurs formés au protocole du NICHD ont rapporté adopter plus souvent les meilleures pratiques en audition que ceux qui n'avaient pas reçu une telle formation. Ces retours obtenus via un questionnaire en ligne ont été en partie confirmés par l'analyse de 92 procès-verbaux d'auditions réalisées avant et après la formation. Les auditions préformation étaient peu conformes aux recommandations : les invitations, bien que vivement conseillées, étaient les questions les moins utilisées ; à l'inverse les questions fermées et suggestives représentaient 58 % des questions posées, alors qu'elles devraient être évitées. Les auditions postformation étaient quant à elles de bien meilleure qualité : elles contenaient plus de 7 fois plus d'invitations, 2 fois plus de facilitateurs et 2 fois moins de questions suggestives que les auditions préformation. Par ces résultats, nous avons ainsi pu confirmer les bénéfices de la formation française au protocole du NICHD. Toutefois, malgré l'amélioration de la qualité des auditions constatée, le questionnement reste perfectible, tous les interviewers formés n'appliquent pas toujours le protocole et la qualité des auditions se dégrade au fil du temps écoulé depuis la formation. Afin de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles les enquêteurs français utilisent ou non le protocole, nous avons mobilisé un modèle d'acceptance et d'utilisabilité d'une nouvelle technologie, le modèle Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Ainsi, nous avons pu mettre au jour que plus les enquêteurs formés pensent que le protocole du NICHD les aide à mieux auditionner les mineurs (attentes de performance) et que cela demande peu d'efforts de le mettre en place (attentes d'effort) plus ils ont l'intention d'utiliser ce protocole lors des auditions. Cette intention d'utilisation et la présence de ressources matérielles et intellectuelles suffisantes (conditions facilitantes) constituent des prédicteurs importants de l'utilisation effective du protocole du NICHD en audition. Plusieurs préconisations ont ainsi pu être proposées afin d'augmenter l'intention et l'utilisation effective du protocole sur le terrainWhen children are victims, their testimony is often central to the investigation process. In recent decades, several interview techniques have been developed and tested to ensure that the child's testimony is gathered under the best possible conditions. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) interview protocol currently appears to be one of the most recommended and validated techniques at the international level. It was included in the training programs of French gendarmes and police officers in 2016. However, since then, no study has examined the impact of this implementation on field practice. The objectives of this research are therefore to learn more about how child testimonies are gathered in France, to verify whether national and international recommendations have been followed, and whether the training courses provided have enabled the NICHD protocol to be effectively implemented. In 2021, most interviews with child victims were video-recorded and took place in a dedicated room. However, the majority of investigators interviewing children were not trained in the NICHD protocol. Moreover, child witnesses seemed to be interviewed under less optimal conditions. Investigators trained in the NICHD protocol reported adopting best practices in interviews more often than those who had not received such training. These self-reported practices, collected via an online questionnaire, were confirmed by an analysis of 92 interview reports and transcripts of pre- and post-training interviews. The pre-training interviews did not comply with the recommendations: invitations, although strongly recommended, were the questions least used; conversely, closed and suggestive questions accounted for 58% of the questions asked, although they should be avoided. In contrast, the post-training interviews were of much higher quality: they contained over 7 times more invitations, 2 times more facilitators, and 2 times fewer suggestive questions than the pre-training interviews. These results confirm the value of the French training in the NICHD protocol. However, despite the improvement in quality, there is still room for improvement in questioning: not all trained interviewers use the protocol all the time, and the time that has elapsed since training has led to a deterioration in the quality of questions. To better understand the reasons why French interviewers use or don't use the protocol, we mobilized a model of acceptance and usability of a new technology, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. We found that the more trained interviewers believe that the protocol help them to interview children better (performance expectation), and that it requires little effort to implement (effort expectation), the more they intend to use the NICHD protocol during interviews. This intention to use the NICHD protocol and the presence of sufficient material and intellectual resources (facilitating conditions) are important predictors of the actual use of the NICHD protocol in interviews. A number of recommendations have been put forward to increase the intention and effective use of the protocol in the field
7
Schuman, John Philippe. „Questions for child witnesses“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0005/MQ42686.pdf.
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Hussey, Heather Joan Catriona. „Potential jurors' perceptions of child witnesses“. University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0151.
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This thesis describes research about potential jurors' beliefs about children as witnesses. Jurors' knowledge of memory, suggestibility and child sexual abuse was collected and analysed. The aim was to identify strengths or weaknesses in jurors' knowledge to further inform discussion on whether experts should provide evidence to jurors about children's memory, suggestibility and behaviour, in cases which involve child witnesses. This research showed that jurors from both Australia and America had correct beliefs about some characteristics of child witnesses, however they also had incorrect beliefs. The main areas where both Australian and American jurors' beliefs were incorrect was in the suggestibility and interrogation category, and the memory and ability to testify category; however both had some incorrect beliefs with respect to reactions to sexual abuse and disclosure about sexual abuse categories. These findings support the proposition that expert evidence would be beneficial in improving jurors' knowledge of child witnesses, particularly in the areas of children's suggestibility and responses to interrogation. Jurors' assessment of children's testimony is fundamental in some criminal cases, and therefore information obtained in this study has implications for any case where a child witness testifies.
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Andrews, Samantha J. „Child witnesses in Scottish criminal courts“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268512.
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Gathering evidence from young and vulnerable witnesses requires special care, and subjecting them to the traditional adversarial form of examination and cross-examination – often characterized by overly leading, complex, and confusing questioning – has come under increased scrutiny. The present program of research was designed to investigate: 1) four features of lawyers’ questioning techniques (question type [Chapter 1], linguistic complexity [Chapter 2], question repetition [Chapter 3], and question content [Chapter 4]), 2) how these parameters affected children’s responses (including an in-depth analysis of children’s propensity to express uncertainty [Chapter 5]), and 3) whether the children’s ages affected the ways they were questioned or how they responded. The sample of court transcripts was drawn from 36 trials involving 56 children aged 5 to 17 years old who testified about alleged sexual abuse in Scotland between 2009 and 2014. Analyses showed that a large proportion of the questions posed to children by lawyers were suggestive questions that implied expected responses or introduced undisclosed information. Questions were overly complex linguistically, heavily repetitious, and focused to a large extent on peripheral elements of the allegations. In response, children acquiesced to suggestions most of the time and expressed uncertainty less than might be expected, given the nature of the questioning. Overall, both prosecutors and defense lawyers were insensitive to the capacities of children of different ages. The way children are questioned in court can have negative influences on the quality of the evidence obtained, regardless of the lawyers’ roles or the children’s ages. It is suggested that, in order for trials to be fair, evidence needs to be elicited in accordance with research-informed best-practice guidelines. More advanced training, the use of intermediaries, and the Barnahus model are discussed as potential ways to support the implementation of best-practice questioning strategies.
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Gal, Tali, und tali gal@anu edu au. „Victims to Partners: Child Victims and Restorative Justice“. The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061114.100521.
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Children belong to one of the most vulnerable population groups to crime. Child victims of crime have to overcome the difficulties emerging from their victimization as well as those resulting from their participation in the adversarial criminal justice process. Child victims are typically treated by legal systems as either mere witnesses -- prosecutorial instruments -- or as objects of protection. Children's human rights and their needs beyond immediate protection are typically ignored.
¶
This thesis combines an examination of children's human rights (articulated largely in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child) with a review of psycho-social literature on children's needs. It integrates the two disciplines thus creating a `needs-rights' model regarding child victims. This model is then used to evaluate the criminal justice process and its successes (and failures) in meeting the needs and rights of child victims. Such an integrated needs-rights evaluation identifies not only the difficulties associated with testifying in court and being interviewed multiple times. It goes beyond these topical issues, and uncovers other shortcomings of the current legal system such as the lack of true participation of child victims in the decision-making process, the neglect of rehabilitative and developmental interests of victimized children, and the inherent inability of the adversarial process to seek proactively the best interests of child victims.
¶
The thesis further explores an alternative to the criminal justice process -- that
of restorative justice -- and examines its applicability to child victims. Unlike the
criminal justice paradigm, restorative justice fosters the equal participation of the
stakeholders (in particular victims, offenders and their communities), and focuses
on their emotional and social rehabilitation while respecting their human rights. To explore the suitability of restorative justice for child victims, five restorative justice schemes from New Zealand, Australia and Canada and their evaluation studies are reviewed. Each of these schemes has included child victims, and most of them have dealt with either sexual assaults of children or family violence and abuse. Yet each of the evaluated schemes illuminates different concerns and proposes varying strategies for meeting the needs-rights of child victims.
¶
While these schemes demonstrate the significant potential of restorative justice to better address the full scope of the needs and rights of child victims, they uncover emerging concerns as well. Therefore, in the last part of the thesis, the needs-rights model is used once again to derive subsidiary principles for action, to maximize the benefits of restorative justice for child victims and minimize the related risks. A complex set of needs and rights is managed by a method of grouping them into needs-rights clusters and deriving from them simple heuristics for practitioners to follow. This clustering method of needs-rights-heuristics is a methodological contribution of the research to the psychology of law.
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Gal, Tali. „Victims to partners : child victims and restorative justice /“. View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20061114.100521/index.html.
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Baran, Emily B. Raleigh Donald J. „Contested victims Jehovah's Witnesses and the Russian Orthodox Church, 1990-2004 /“. Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,90.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). ".. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History." Discipline: History; Department/School: History.
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Harms, Paul Davis. „Perceptions of child-witnesses in sexual abuse trials“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0006/NQ35175.pdf.
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Schoeman, Ulrike Charlotte Wanda. „A Training program for intermediaries for the child witness in South African courts“. Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11032006-175438.
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Mattison, Michelle. „Drawing to support vulnerable witnesses' and victims' episodic memory : increasing access to justice“. Thesis, Lancaster University, 2015. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/76826/.
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Information provided by witnesses is fundamental to the investigation of criminal offences, and vulnerable people make up a large proportion of witnesses who enter the criminal justice system. Research concerning particularly vulnerable witnesses (i.e., children with autism) is still in its infancy. Further, research concerning typically developing children and adolescents, while vast, does not fully address the developmental and cognitive needs that this population present. Current best practice for eliciting information from vulnerable witnesses in England and Wales advocates the use of the Cognitive Interview (CI), which includes the Mental Reinstatement of Context (MRC) mnemonic. However, the benefits of MRC are unclear, both with typically developing children and children with autism. This thesis presents a series of studies that investigate how children might be better supported to recreate the context of an event using a developmentally appropriate drawing technique (Sketch-Reinstatement of Context; Sketch-RC). First, this thesis explores the interviewing practices of professionals who conduct or assist interviews with vulnerable witnesses, with a particular focus on the use of drawing. Following this, a series of studies examine the efficacy of Sketch-RC and MRC with both typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorder. Findings demonstrate that practitioners make regular use of drawing during investigative interviews. Importantly, Sketch-RC was found to be most effective for all children, improving remembering without a concomitant increase in incorrect or confabulated recall. Further, Sketch-RC enabled children with autism to perform on par with their typically developing peers. These findings provide evidence for an empirically and theoretically supported retrieval tool that can be used by practitioners when interviewing vulnerable witnesses.
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Kask, Kristjan. „Trying to improve child and young adult witnesses' performance“. Thesis, University of Leicester, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31252.
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As the number of children who testify in court increases, so does the need to obtain accurate information.;The present PhD thesis aimed to examine possible ways of trying to improve child and young adult witnesses' testimony. The author was particularly interested in questioning methods with children, young adults' person descriptions, and face recognition and identification ability of both children and young adults (including the ability to recognize different race faces). Chapter 1 reviews the relevant literature.;Chapter 2 presents a meta-analysis of identification studies involving children. Chapter 3 examines Estonian investigators' questioning styles with child witnesses focusing on the length and type of details in children's answers to questions. Chapter 4 examines the effects of using a person in young adult witnesses' visual field as a comparison (or 'standard) to assist their recall of a previously seen, different person. Chapters 5 and 6 present the comparison of Estonian children's and young adults' face recognition ability of different race faces, as there appear to have been published no studies of the cross-racial effect in less 'westernised' societies, such as in Estonia. Also new sequential target presentation methods were used.;All results are discussed with reference to previous findings.
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Kot, Sarina (Sarina Ying-Lai). „Intensive Play Therapy with Child Witnesses of Domestic Violence“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277690/.
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This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of intensive play therapy as a method of intervention for child witnesses of domestic violence. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of intensive play therapy in: (a) improving the self-concept of child witnesses of domestic violence; (b) reducing internalizing behavior problems, such as withdrawal, somatic complaints, anxiety, and depression, of child witnesses of domestic violence; (c) reducing externalizing behavior problems, such as aggression and delinquency, of child witnesses of domestic violence; (d) reducing overall behavior problems, including internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and social problems, thought problems, and attention problems, of child witnesses of domestic violence; and (e) improving play behaviors in the areas of affection, contact, physical proximity, self-direction, aggression, mood, play themes, and food nurturing themes.
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Garbett, Claire Joyce. „War and its witnesses : International criminal justice and the legal recognition of civilian victims“. Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514287.
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Müller, Karen 1964. „The child witness in the accusatorial system“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007708.
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For the purpose of this study tbe child witness in the accusatorial system will be viewed as a source of information. When a witness gives evidence in court, the function of the witness is to provide the court with certain information. A number of crucial questions arise when the witness is a child. Do children bave the ability to remember and relate an event accurately? Are children prone to suggestion and fantasy? What effect, if any, does the court environment have on a child 's ability to convey information? What perceptions do children have about the legal process, and how do these perceptions affect their ability to testify? Do adults influence the information which children impart by the techniques they employ to obtain such information? Accepting the hypothesis that child witnesses are sources of information, the purpose of this study is to evaluate all aspects of the criminal justice system relating to child witnesses as well as available research on children to determine whether it is possible to obtain reliable and accurate information from children. Proposals will be formulated regarding the most successful methods of obtaining reliable and accurate information from children, and how these can be adapted for use by the legal system. The purpose of the study is to develop an approach to children in the legal system that will be fair to children while at the same time protecting the rights of the accused, and which will lead to a successful method of obtaining accurate information.
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Stevenson, Kim. „Competency and credibility : the evidence of children in cases of child sexual abuse“. Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283033.
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Sattar, Ghazala Roohi. „The interviewing and preparation of child witnesses for legal purposes“. Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323288.
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The thesis focused on three areas in the child eyewitness literature that have received limited research attention: (1) the use of props to facilitate children's recall; (2) the effect of individual differences (in particular ethnicity) on children's recall; and (3) the preparation of children for court. Three recently developed prop-based techniques designed to facilitate children's recall were evaluated. The felt board technique did not significantly increase children correct (and erroneous) free recall, thus supporting the previous limited research (Poole, 1992). The auditory feedback technique also did not significantly increase children's correct (and erroneous) additional recall, though descriptive analyses suggested this technique to be most beneficial for older children. The pictorial cue cards technique did not significantly increase children's correct (and erroneous) free recall. Descriptive analyses revealed that children who were instructed in how to use the cue cards provided more correct free recall and less erroneous free recall than children who practised using the cue cards before the interview. Children'S ethnicity and interviewer's ethnicity were not found to significantly effect children's recall but did have some effect on children's response to questioning. The findings of the interview studies suggested that greater attention needs to be given to the examination of how individual differences affect children's recall. Professionals who were surveyed about their views and experience of preparation of child witnesses for court were found to be aware of the systeminduced trauma suffered by child witnesses and thus the need to support them with preparation. Overall, professionals' experience suggested that child witnesses received preparation that was often insufficient and variable in quality. The survey findings highlighted the need for further research in this neglected area and for better training and greater resources for professionals tasked with supporting child witnesses.
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Oliver, Judith. „Children as witnesses : age as a factor in determining children's competence in criminal courts following disclosures of sexual abuse /“. [St Lucia, Qld.], 2000. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16126.pdf.
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Perez, Christina. „Narrative Abilities and Resistance to Suggestion in Monolingual and Bilingual Children: Implications for Forensic Interviews“. University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1556563428655542.
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Phillips, Cecilie Anne Bannatyne. „Coping skills of incest and sexual abuse victims“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25505.
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Childhood incest and sexual abuse was explored in depth to determine
the coping skills used by victims, based upon their descriptive recall of these events. Eighteen adult women, who were group therapy members and leaders, were interviewed about their experiences as sexually abused children and adolescents. The critical incident technique was used to identify what hindered or facilitated the victims coping in the eighty-one abuse experiences collected. Each incident was categorized according to the identifiable stress, and the type of coping method used. Three categories of identifiable stress emerged from the data which were labelled offenders, significant others, and victims. Of these, the largest number of incidents related to stress created by offenders. In this sample, victims utilized direct action, inhibition of action, and intrapsychic coping methods, but not information seeking. Of these, direct action was most frequently employed. Independent judges found these categories reliable. Results are examined according to theoretical frameworks in coping theory and current perspectives on sexual abuse.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Sawyer, Caroline. „An Analysis of Collateral Witness Statements in Child Custody Evaluations“. Xavier University Psychology / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xupsy1596112105998087.
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Hanley, Honora M. „The impact of incest history on survivors' relationships with their children /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9100.
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Yi, Mi Sun. „Investigative interviewing of alleged child victims in South Korea“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708959.
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Blewer, Robyn. „Bringing Little Kiddies into Court: Child Witnesses in Australian Criminal Courts 1900-2000“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/373032.
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In 1982 Lindy Chamberlain was found guilty of murdering her nine-week-old daughter, Azaria. In pleading her innocence, Lindy claimed a dingo had taken the baby from the tent in which she and her family were camping, near Uluru in the Northern Territory. Shortly after the baby had disappeared Lindy’s seven-year-old son Aiden told a woman who was helping search for Azaria that ‘the dog had got his baby in its tummy.’ Later that night another woman asked him if a dingo had taken the baby. He said that it had. 1 Lindy spent four years in prison for a murder she did not commit. In 2012, thirty years after Azaria died, the fourth coronial inquest into the matter found that a dingo had killed the baby girl. Aiden was never called to give evidence at his mother’s trial. We will never know what the outcome might have been if he had. But over the course of the twentieth-century countless other children did give evidence in various criminal courts throughout Australia. This thesis draws on cases involving two hundred and fifty-one child witnesses to examine the laws, policies and procedures that applied to those children. Child witnesses have been subjects of continuing research and law reform since the turn of the twenty-first-century. Despite contemporary concerns about child witnesses, the historical antecedents to current law, policy and practice have not been the focus of detailed study. Drawing on multiple data from reported and unreported cases, newspaper reports, depositions and other archival material, psychological studies, legal treatises and texts, this thesis traces the journey child witnesses took through the criminal justice system. In the process it examines issues such as how a child’s capacity for truthfulness was assessed; what the procedure was when they appeared in court; how lawyers, barristers and defendants examined and cross-examined them; and how judges received the testimony of children and advised juries as to how such evidence should be assessed. Contemporary research confirms the experience of giving evidence in an adversarial trial can be difficult and may cause secondary trauma to potentially vulnerable children. Since the end of the twentieth-century a substantial portion of the law reforms introduced have been directed towards supporting child witnesses. There is a widespread assumption that historical legal processes did not support children in giving evidence. This thesis, however, finds strong evidence throughout the century of considerable concern and sympathy being shown towards child witnesses. Within their historical confines judges, lawyers and jurors often sought to improve the circumstances in which children appeared in court. Beyond demonstrations of support the research also finds that the legal principles and procedures relevant to receiving child witness testimony made it very difficult for them to be thought of as credible witnesses. For most of the twentieth-century the law viewed children as an inherently unreliable class of witness. As each chapter in this thesis demonstrates, however, from the start of the century there is evidence of opposition to the applicable legal principles and procedures that were prejudicial to child witnesses. Among the most vocal here were judges and notably, women’s groups like the Federation of Women Voters and the Country Women’s Association who, as early as the 1920s and 1930s were calling for reforms to existing practices. For most in the legal profession and outside it, ‘changes in law’ as Roscoe Pound had observed in 1910, ‘were full of danger.’ There was widespread agreement until the last quarter of the twentieth-century that the risks of reforming these procedures were too great. Starting in the 1970s attitudes towards law reform shifted and considerable reforms were implemented. The process of giving evidence at the start of the century was virtually unrecognisable to that at the end of it. This thesis finds that there were numerous factors driving these reforms including the second wave of feminism, technological changes, the victims’ rights movement, the changing political climate and an expanding body of psychological research. The caution the law displayed for the preceding seventy-five years, however, had a considerable impact on the well being of generations of child victims of crime and on the legitimacy of common law criminal justice systems.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Hum, Lang & Soc Sc
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
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Bransgrove, Jennifer. „The influence of expert testimony on potential jurors' perceptions of young children's testimonial credibility /“. [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17042.pdf.
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Huneycutt, Dominique. „Young eyewitnesses : an examination of young children's response accuracy to target present and target absent lineup arrays following training procedures /“. Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/311.
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Clarke, Loretta. „The complexities of working with adult clients who have histories of severe childhood trauma a systematic literature review with clinical illustrations : a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Health Science, 2004“. Full thesis. Abstract, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/ClarkeL.pdf.
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Ebberline, Jessica. „Child molesters and children as witnesses : spatial behaviour, modus operandi and memory recall“. Doctoral thesis, Department of psychology, Lund University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-5181.
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Offenders who target children are a negative phenomenon in our society. These offenders are often seen as the worst of the worst of criminals and are therefore a priority for investigators trying to solve these crimes as fast as possible. The purpose of this thesis is to see if there are common denominators among these offenders in their modus operandi (MO) and their spatial patterns. If similar patterns emerge amongst these offenders, that would be of investigative importance for those who work with crimes against children. In Study I, a group of child molesters and their MO were studied in order to see how they found their victims and where they committed their crimes. The results were consistent with previous studies on child molesters in that they all committed their crimes at home or close to their homes. In Study II, a geographical profiling tool was tested in order to see if such a program could be used to find an offender who made obscene phone calls (OPC) to children. The results showed that the geographical software based on spatial behaviour, was able to narrow down the search area in which the offender actually lived when he committed his crimes. In Study III, the focus was on the potential witnesses/victims and how much a child could remember correctly of a staged event simulating a potential child molester looking for new victims. The results showed that the children’s event memory were comparable with an adult control group. The combined results could be summarized as follows: offenders who target children usually commit their crimes at home or close to home (or base), they tend to lure children to go with them by using bribes or the recruitment of former victims. Girls seem to be the preferred sex over boys. Children could be used as accurate witnesses in these types of crimes.
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Cooper, Debbie. „Special measures for child witnesses : a socio-legal study of criminal procedure reform“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11319/.
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This thesis is a socio-legal study of police and prosecutorial decision-making in the context of special measures support for child witnesses in criminal proceedings. It presents the findings of an empirical research project conducted with the Crown Prosecution Service which examined the implementation of Part II of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999. Under that Act children may be assisted to testify in criminal proceedings though any feasible combination of: video-recorded evidence; live television link; screens; communication aids; intermediaries; and giving evidence in private. Using a small-scale, primarily qualitative, study involving semi-structured interviews with Crown Prosecutors, this thesis investigates how the attitudes, beliefs, motivations and work practices of the police and prosecutors affect the provision of special measures to children. It does so in the context of a highly directive legal framework which purports to curtail prosecutorial and judicial discretion. The thesis explores the problems that child witnesses encounter within the criminal justice system and the legislative and policy response to their difficulties. It then presents the findings of the current research study in relation to, first, the video-interviewing patterns of police officers and, second, the rate of prosecutors’ applications for special measures. In addition to the statistical data, the thesis explores prosecutors’ own reflective accounts of the factors which shape police and prosecutors’ decision-making. The thesis concludes that where the rules on special measures are highly prescriptive, we have witnessed a radical expansion in their use for children, but that the rigid system has drawbacks which raise pressure for reform. Reform proposals must be carefully considered in the light of infrastructural weaknesses in inter-agency liaison and information-management identified in this thesis. We might also be wary that reform will undermine the criminal justice system’s recently consolidated cultural acceptance of special measures for child witnesses.
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Milne, Lise. „Identifying adolescent victims of child sexual abuse in residential care“. Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104570.
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The aim of this thesis was to provide a portrait of the child sexual abuse (CSA) experiences of a sample of Québec youth living in residential child protective services (CPS) care using three sources of information: the youth, their workers and the CPS record. A convenience sample of 53 youth aged 14 to 17 recruited from six residential care units agreed to participate in the study. The youth were administered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and their workers were administered the Child Welfare Trauma Referral Tool. The reason for CPS service was obtained from the agency administrative database. Analyses revealed high rates of CSA in the lives of these youth, particularly among the females. High concordance was found between youth self-reports and worker reports, while low concordance was found between youth self-reports and the legal reason for service. Where the reason for CPS service was CSA, complete concordance was found in two of three cases. Further analysis revealed that all CSA cases co-occurred with at least one other form of maltreatment; in fact, three-quarters had experienced CSA with all other forms of maltreatment combined. The study highlights the numerous victims of CSA that are not officially known to authorities, as well as the high co-occurrence of CSA with other forms of maltreatment. It also emphasizes the importance of screening for CSA, principally through youth self-reports, among this vulnerable population to ensure appropriate interventions and policies geared to their needs.Le but de cette thèse ètait de dresser un portrait des expériences traumatisantes d'enfants victimes d'agression sexuelle (AS) par le biais d'un échantillon de jeunes québécois vivant au sein des services résidentiels de la protection de l'enfance, en utilisant trois sources d'information : le jeune, leurs intervenants et les rapports (données) des services de protection de l'enfance (SPE). Un échantillon de 53 jeunes, âgés de 14 à 17 ans et recrutés dans six unités de soins résidentiels, ont accepté de participer à l'étude. Les jeunes ont rempli le Childhood Trauma Questionnaire et les intervenants le Child Welfare Trauma Referral Tool. Le motif de l'intervention des SPE a été obtenu à partir de la base de données administrative de l'agence. L'analyse des données a révélé des taux élevés d'AS dans la vie de ces jeunes, plus particulièrement parmi les filles. Les résultats démontrent une concordance élevée entre les auto-évaluations des jeunes et les évaluations des intervenants, alors qu'une faible concordance a été trouvée entre les auto-évaluations des jeunes et le motif liè aux services. Lorsque le motif de l'intervention des SPE était pour un AS, une concordance parfaite a été trouvée dans deux des trois cas. Une analyse plus poussée a révélé que tous les cas d'AS se sont déroulés simultanément avec au moins une autre forme de mauvais traitement ; en fait, les trois-quarts ont subi une AS avec toutes les autres formes de mauvais traitements combinés. L'étude souligne le nombre important de victimes d'AS qui ne sont pas officiellement connues des autorités, ainsi que le nombre élevée des AS avec d'autres formes de mauvais traitements. Cela souligne l'importance du dépistage des AS, principalement à partir des auto-évaluations des jeunes, au sein de cette population vulnérable afin de mettre en place des interventions appropriées et des politiques adaptées à leurs besoins.
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Matosian, Amy. „Assumptive worlds of female childhood sexual abuse victims“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2890.
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The results of this study revealed that despite the childhood sexual abuse event, the victims were able to change their views in a positive direction with regard to the benevolence of the world and people as they marched through life and presumably experienced positive events.
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Luyt, Linda Jean. „Levels of deprivation in supporting child witnesses in sexual abuse cases : a case study“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11647.
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Bibliography: leaves 86-94.Dealing with children who have been sexually abused can cause vicarious traumatisation in those who work with them. This qualitative research used a case study approach to investigate difficulties facing the supporters who work with the child witnesses in the Child Witness Project, which is a project using an empowerment approach to prepare children for court and support them throughout the court processes.
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Foot, Michael T. „Attorney and Judicial Perceptions of the Credibility of Expert Witnesses in Child Custody Cases“. VCU Scholars Compass, 1995. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4568.
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Attorney and judicial attitudes towards expert witnesses in child custody cases were investigated by a cross-sectional research design. Subjects consisted of a sample of 381 of all attorneys and judges in the Commonwealth of Virginia who wished to be certified as guardians ad litem. Subjects were asked to fill out a six page questionnaire immediately prior to a daylong certification training session. The sample was primarily white (85.2%) and male (57.7%). Information was gathered on the subjects' demographic characteristics, experience with and attitudes toward expert witnesses in custody cases, opinions on traditional court and family structures, and knowledge of developmental and parenting psychology. Factor analyses and examination of the reliability of the instruments allows the development of more reliable and valid measures for model testing. Results generally confirmed Banks & Poythress' (1982) tripartite theory of credibility as being composed of perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and dynamism. Characteristics of attorneys and judges were also shown to be an important contributor to their perceptions of expert witnesses in child custody cases. Specifically, those courtroom professionals who had greater training, knowledge, and experience relevant to custody cases tended to view specific expert witnesses more positively. Those attorneys and judges with more traditional court attitudes rated expert witnesses in general as less helpful. However, these traditional attitudes did not cause them to devalue expert witness testimony in specific cases. This study is part of a larger program of study which will attempt to determine the extent to which the quality of expert witness testimony affects perceptions of their credibility, and how perceptions of expert witness credibility relate to judicial decisionmaking in child custody cases.
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Seinen, Albert Christopher. „A description of faith issues in the spiritual journey of adults recovering from childhood sexual abuse“. Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.
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Ericksen, Stephanie J. „Factors Affecting Revictimization in Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30453/.
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Structural equation modeling was used to examine how childhood sexual abuse (and other associated variables, such as family functioning and experiencing multiple forms of abuse) relates to revictimization and psychological distress. Participants were women who participated in Project HOW: Health Outcomes of Women interviews, a longitudinal study that spanned six waves of interviews. Only women with a history of childhood sexual abuse were included in the present study (n=178). Experiencing nonsexual child maltreatment in addition to childhood sexual abuse appears directly related to adult sexual and physical revictimization and indirectly related to psychological distress. Childhood sexual abuse alone was not predictive of revictimization or psychological abuse. This suggests that other mediating factors may explain the relation between CSA and revictimization found in other research. Clinical implications based on the results of the present study emphasize the importance of identifying children who have experienced multiple forms of abuse as particularly at risk for future victimization. In addition, providing interventions with a focus on education and empowerment might decrease risk for future violence and subsequent emotional maladjustment. Potential future research could examine the treatment outcomes and efficacy of these interventions as well as identify those mediating factors that increase the risk for adult revictimization for those individuals who experience only childhood sexual abuse.
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Erasmus, Ronell. „An evaluation of the questions posed to child witnesses in court to determine whether they are developmentally appropriate“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/747.
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Children are often required to testify viva voce in criminal trials. The question arises whether children understand what is communicated to them during their testimony in court. In the courtroom, the witness serves as a source of information. In child abuse cases in particular, the meaningful participation of the child in court proceedings is crucial due to the fact that the child is often the key witness, or the only witness, for the prosecution. The proper evaluation of the child’s evidence, however, requires that all role-players involved in the judicial process have a sound knowledge of those aspects which deal with child psychology, especially the cognitive and language abilities of children who testify. The procedure that is followed in court is not understood by the ordinary lay person, even less by children, and the language used is formalistic and very specialized. Legal language in general often contains cognitively and linguistically inappropriate questions which prevent children from relating their stories. Furthermore their responses do not sufficiently reflect their knowledge and experience of the incident of alleged sexual assault. Court language creates serious problems for children and accordingly prevents them from being effective witnesses and taking part in the judicial process in a meaningful way. The researcher, in her capacity as a Regional Court Magistrate, realized that children have limited understanding of the criminal trial process and often become secondary victims as a result of a system that does not acknowledge their cognitive and linguistic developmental levels. The purpose of this research was therefore to test the validity of the following hypotheses: • During the examination of children in a criminal trial developmentally and linguistically inappropriate questions are posed to them; and This results in ineffective communication. Eight court transcripts of criminal cases heard in the regional courts of the Eastern Cape and Mpumalanga by different presiding officers were chosen at random. These transcripts were analyzed and evaluated in order to determine whether questions posed to children when they testify are cognitively and linguistically appropriate. Each question in each of the eight transcripts was numbered and analyzed. The findings of the analysis were categorized in terms of whether they were cognitively and linguistically inappropriate questions. It was clear that the majority of questions put to the child witnesses were cognitively and linguistically inappropriate. It is evident from the evaluation that the manner in which the children’s evidence in court was presented and the way in which they were questioned created a communication barrier which placed a distorted version of events before the court. It is therefore recommended that full account be taken of the cognitive and language capabilities of each particular child in order to elicit reliable information during the child’s testimony. It is of the utmost importance that questioning be conducted in such a fashion so as to ensure that the child witness understands not only the content of the questions, but also what answers or responses are expected from them. At present, acknowledgement of linguistic and cognitive developmental appropriateness, concern and comprehension for the psychology of the child witness are ignored at best, and totally exploited at worst. This lack of knowledge about child development impacts adversely upon the child’s credibility in court. To elevate and enhance the credibility of children, it is of the utmost importance for society in general and court role-players in particular to appreciate the various stages and faces of child development. The main recommendation is that court role-players should make a paradigm shift and children, including victims of sexual assault, should be given the opportunity to tell their own stories in their own language supported by other methods of communication. In evaluating any possible changes, it is necessary to adopt and develop a holistic and multi-disciplinary approach based on scientific principles. A specialized system is required to deal with children in the criminal justice system and innovative methods to achieve this are necessary. There is a strong need to change or adjust the present manner in which the criminal justice system accommodates child witnesses. Such a change or adjustment will be in the best interests of children as envisaged in section 28 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act.
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O'Neill, Sarah Christine, und n/a. „Factors influencing children�s responses to cross-examination questioning“. University of Otago. Department of Psychology, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090428.150450.
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Under an adversarial legal system, witnesses� testimony may be challenged by the opposing lawyer during cross-examination. Cross-examination has been shown to negatively affect the accuracy of children�s event reports, but as yet, the mechanisms driving this effect are unknown.
Experiment 1 aimed to tease apart the roles of question type and repeated interviewing in mediating children�s cross-examination performance. Five- and 6-year-olds (N = 82) and 9- and 10-year-olds (N = 103) took part in a staged event, and 1 to 2 days later they took part in a direct examination interview. Next, either 1 to 3 days or 6 months later, all children were interviewed for a second time. For half of the children, this second interview was a repeat of their direct examination interview. The remaining children were interviewed in a cross-examination format. A second interview reduced response accuracy after both short and long delays, however, cross-examination questioning impaired the accuracy of children�s reports the most.
Although, overall, children have considerable difficulty answering cross-examination questions correctly, variation in their performance has been observed. Experiment 2 assessed whether individual differences in cognitive abilities mediate cross-examination performance. Five- and 6-year-olds (N = 116) and 9- and 10-year-olds (N = 58) visited the police station and subsequently reported their experiences in direct examination and cross-examination interviews. Children�s memory, receptive language ability, expressive language ability, and intelligence were also measured. Age, intelligence, and memory predicted aspects of cross-examination performance. Overall, these cognitive factors accounted for between 16.6% and 19.5% of the variance in cross-examination outcome measures.
Given the negative effect of cross-examination on children�s responding, and our inability to identify the children who are most at risk of poor performance during this interview, Experiment 3 assessed our ability to facilitate children�s responding to cross-examination questioning. Specifically, the effect of manipulating the timing of a pre-trial intervention, which gives children practice and feedback at cross-examination questioning, was investigated. Five- and 6-year-olds (N = 88) and 9- and 10-year-olds (N = 108) visited the police station. One to 3 days later they completed the direct examination interview and 6 months after the event, children were cross-examined. The timing of the preparation intervention was varied (1-day, 1-week, 1-month before cross-examination), and the children�s subsequent cross-examination performance was compared to that of children in the control group. When the preparation intervention was delivered 1 day or 1 week before the cross-examination interview, children�s cross-examination performance was significantly improved.
The findings from the three experiments suggest that cross-examination is likely to pose considerable problems for children, especially younger children. Our greater understanding of factors that influence children�s responding to cross-examination questioning may guide reform of the cross-examination process for child witnesses. Bottom-up initiatives, such as pre-trial preparation, and top-down changes, including educating professionals, expert testimony, and reducing the delay to cross-examination, may improve the reliability of child witnesses� testimony during cross-examination.
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Andres-Lemay, V. Joy. „The effect of interviewer bias and number of interviewers on interviewing style and accuracy of children's eyewitness accounts“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ59118.pdf.
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McKinney, Tammy (Tammy Carol) Carleton University Dissertation Law. „The marginalization of children as witnesses; an exploration of the roles of myth and legal positivism“. Ottawa, 1996.
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Eastwood, Christine J. „Surviving child sexual abuse and the criminal justice system“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36578/1/36578_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines the experiences of twelve young women involved in the prosecution of childhood sexual abuse. On the substantive level, the significant criminal justice processes as well as the consequences of their involvement in the justice system are discussed. In order to accurately reflect the depth and power of the stories of the young women, the methodology involves a six-stage interview process with each participant, and also incorporates data gathered from parents, fresh complaint witnesses, court support workers and legal personnel.
On the theoretical level, the study focuses on the manner in which the justice process intersects with the interconnected identities of female, child and person who has been sexually assaulted. Basically, this thesis argues that the criminal justice system is not only unable to deal with the psychological and developmental needs of the female child who has been sexually abused, but indeed, the process itself further abuses the child.
In an area fraught with ethical and legal difficulties, the ground-breaking nature of this research emanates from the experiences of the young women as told from their own perspectives. This thesis is further reinforced by the strong theoretical analysis and framework which encourages new ways of conceptualising their experiences. The thesis concludes with some recommendations which may improve the future treatment of child complainants of sexual abuse in the justice system, and also identifies suggestions for further research.
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Narron, Georganne. „The effects of intrafamilial ritualistic child abuse on an adult survivor : a systemic perspective on recovery /“. Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08062007-094407/.
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Seshibe, Maropene Viniel. „The best interests of the child witness in disciplinary cases of educators“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021058.
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The South African Constitution provides that a child’s best interests are of paramount importance in every matter concerning the child. This principle emanates from the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC). Accordingly the State and its various departments have adopted and are enforcing legislation and policies in defence of the child’s best interest. The principle of the best interest of the child is seldom observed in most of our schools. Incidents of child abuse are on the increase, especially by educators. This unfortunate situation prevails against the backdrop of legislation which condemns these atrocities. Section 17 of the Employment of Educators Act1 provides that educators must be discharged if they are found guilty of, inter alia, sexual abuse, intimate relationship with a learner and assault with grievous bodily harm. These measures have been taken to combat the vicious cycle of child abuse in schools and to advance children’s-rights agenda and the universal principle of the child’s best interests. For the department to successfully prosecute educator cases against child abuse, the testimony of a child witness is crucial. However, it is shocking to discover that the interests of the child witness are not always served in these disciplinary hearings. Officials are prone to be biased towards their fellow professionals at the expense of the interest of the child witness. This situation normally arises probably as a result of a lack of professional capacity because most of these officials tasked with disciplining educators have a teaching, human-resource or legal qualification. Others may have been recruited from the ranks of the trade-union movement without any formal qualification. Secondly, they may be specialists in the field of labour law which is essentially concerned with the regulating the employer and employee relationship. Thirdly, the disciplinary code and procedures that are used during educator-disciplinary processes are premised on the principles and values of the Labour 1 Act 76 of 1998. Relations Act Code of Good Practice: Dismissal2 and Schedule 2 of the Employment of Educators Act3 which addresses the interest of the child witness to a very limited extend. Finally, the policies regulating workplace discipline are generally biased towards employee rights as espoused in the Labour Relations Act4 and CCMA guidelines on misconduct arbitrations. This study has identified a number of challenges confronting the child witness and also areas of capacity improvement on the side of officials officiating over the disciplinary cases of educators. These challenges form the basis for a comprehensive and consolidated list of aspects in which officials need to be trained to effectively promote and defend the interest of the child witness in a professional manner. The role of the departmental representative in becoming the champions of the democratic Constitution and the vanguard of the child’s best interest cannot be over-emphasised. The question of how best to serve the best interest of the child witness has been addressed. The child witness can be a credible witness provided officials win over his or her confidence to speak out against abuse. The 16 days of activism against women and children abuse has to resonate consciously with departmental officials.
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Sagle, Betty Sherwood. „The effects of child sexual abuse : an exploration of variables contributing to long term negative effects of child sexual abuse /“. Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09292009-020126/.
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Chen, Chingju Grace. „Influence of early attachment on the couple relationship for child sexual abuse survivors and their partners“. Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Family and Child Ecology, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Sept. 9, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 251-274). Also issued in print.
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Nguyen, My Linh Thi. „Health consequences of child and adult sexual abuse /“. [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16613.pdf.
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New, Michelle Jennifer Claire. „Adolescent male victims and perpetrators of child sexual abuse : maternal attributions“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281717.
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