Thematische Bibliographien / Chemical inducers

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Chemical inducers“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Chemical inducers"

Husnul Khotimah, Fathina Zahrani Rahmaniar, Fatimah Az Zahra, Rabjhany Anaqah, Shahdevi Nandar Kurniawan, Masruroh Rahayu und Hikmawan Wahyu Sulistomo. „Diverse perspectives in zebrafish seizure models: An exploration of chemical inducers“. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, Nr. 3 (30.03.2024): 865–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0734.

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Numerous studies have investigated seizures in zebrafish, employing diverse methods to induce and observe epilepsy. Chemical inducers have become indispensable tools for precisely manipulating neural activity in controlled experiments. This research is dedicated to a meticulous comparison and analysis of various seizure-inducing chemicals in zebrafish. The selected chemical inducers include pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), kainic acid (KA), picrotoxin (PTX), pilocarpine, and other substances. The primary mechanism of these inducers involves altering neurotransmitter receptors, particularly GABA and glutamate, at inhibitory or excitatory synapses. This alteration creates an imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory signals in the brain, contributing to epileptogenesis. The resulting hyperactivity in the zebrafish brain disrupts metabolism, elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS), and causes neuronal damage. Chemical induction offers valuable insights into the neurological activity of zebrafish, enabling the observation of behaviors such as whole-body contractions, loss of posture, or freezing. Various parameters can be adjusted to examine the effects of chemical inducers on zebrafish development and to replicate various types of seizures, such as status epilepticus and temporal lobe epilepsy. Despite the array of options available, many chemical inducers remain underutilized in zebrafish studies. To ensure the successful induction of models, monitoring gene expression markers such as c-fos, which represents neuronal activity, becomes crucial. Additionally, a scoring system is employed to analyze seizure severity and identify treatment efficacy. The existing gaps in utilizing chemical inducers present great opportunities for future model development. This chemically-induced seizure model in zebrafish is pivotal for unraveling seizure mechanisms, contributing significantly to advancements in neurological research.

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Silva, Janaina Marques da, Natália Stevanato, Djéssica Tatiane Raspe, Tiago Roque Benetoli da Silva und Camila da Silva. „Oil from crambe seeds treated with different resistance inducers: Oil yield and chemical characterization“. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 46, Nr. 1 (02.04.2024): e65159. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v46i1.65159.

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This study aimed to carry out the extraction and chemical characterization of oil from crambe treated with resistance inducers during its cultivation to promote greater efficiency in the defense system of plants. For this purpose, Agromos® and Ecolife® inducers were applied at rates of 0.5 and 1.0 L hectare−1 during crambe cultivation. Crambe seed oil was obtained in a Soxhlet extractor using n-hexane as a solvent and the oils were characterized in terms of fatty acid composition and minority compound contents (phytosterol and tocopherol). The oil obtained from seeds without the application of inducers (control) was also characterized. We determine the oxidative stability of oils with inducer application that presented higher minority compound contents. Crambe seeds that received the treatment with the Agromos® resistance inducer had higher oil content. However, in general, the fatty acid profile of the obtained oils was similar and showed a predominance of erucic and oleic acids (which represent ~82% of the composition). The application of the Agromos® inducer allowed obtaining seeds that provided oil with higher contents of phytosterols and tocopherols and higher oxidative stability.

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Gatz, Christiane, und Ingo Lenk. „Promoters that respond to chemical inducers“. Trends in Plant Science 3, Nr. 9 (September 1998): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(98)01287-4.

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Raina, Kanak, und Craig M. Crews. „Chemical Inducers of Targeted Protein Degradation“. Journal of Biological Chemistry 285, Nr. 15 (10.02.2010): 11057–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.r109.078105.

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Zhang, Yuesheng, und Gary B. Gordon. „A strategy for cancer prevention: Stimulation of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway“. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 3, Nr. 7 (01.07.2004): 885–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.885.3.7.

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Abstract Many genes, with products involved in the protection of cells against carcinogens, oxidants, and other toxic chemicals, are under the transcriptional control of a simple DNA regulatory element [i.e., the antioxidant response element (ARE)]. One or more functional AREs have been confirmed or are believed to exist in the upstream region of many anticarcinogenic/antioxidant genes and have been shown to mediate the coordinate transcriptional up-regulation of these genes by many chemical agents [i.e., the ARE-mediated inducers]. There is strong evidence that increased expression of ARE-regulated genes inhibits cancer development. The signaling system leading to ARE activation has been partly elucidated, and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been identified as the key transcriptional factor that serves to transmit the inducer signal to ARE. It is now known that nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2, which is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, dissociates from Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 on exposure to ARE-mediated inducers, translocates to the nucleus, complexes with other nuclear factors, and binds to ARE. Rapid and simple assays have been devised to identify chemical agents that can stimulate this signaling pathway. Moreover, many ARE-mediated inducers have been identified, and several of them have shown promising cancer preventive activity.

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Gao, Qing-ming, Aardra Kachroo und Pradeep Kachroo. „Chemical inducers of systemic immunity in plants“. Journal of Experimental Botany 65, Nr. 7 (03.03.2014): 1849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru010.

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Gupta, Priyanka, Pooja Sangwan und Manjeet Singh. „Efficacy of Non-Conventional Chemical Inducers against Fusarium oxysporum Inciting Wilt in Chilli“. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, Nr. 19 (23.08.2023): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193587.

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Chilli wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum is the most devastating disease, causing substantial yield losses throughout chilli growing areas of the world. Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne fungus which survives for several years in soil. The disease is favoured by high temperature and high moisture, this condition plays significant role in development of wilt symptoms. The disease management using chemicals is economically not feasible and is also unsafe for the environment. Due to growing public awareness to environment and human health, need of the hour is to find alternate approaches for disease management. Therefore, to investigate induction of systemic resistance against Fusarium oxysporum in chilli. Different non-conventional chemical inducers like salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), Indole acetic acid (IAA), Indole butyric acid (IBA), chitosan, salicylic acid nano formulation and chitosan nano formulation were used in an experiment conducted in Department of plant pathology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana. These non-conventional chemicals with four concentrations 25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/ml were evaluated for their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum under in vitro condition using poison food technique with four replications. It was found that the highest mycelial growth inhibition was observed in salicylic acid nano formulation (79.73%) at 100 µg/ml concentration followed by Jasmonic acid (77.12%) at 100 µg/ml concentration and the lowest growth inhibition was recorded in Indole acetic acid (27.15%) at 100 µg/ml concentration. The same trend was observed when chilli varieties Pusa Jwala (susceptible) and Pusa Sadabahar (moderately resistant) were tested with the two best and the least effective non-conventional chemical inducer obtained in vitro for measuring the disease severity in screen house. This insight clarifies the scope of using non-conventional chemical inducers as an effective disease management strategy against Fusarium wilt of chilli.

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M. Ahmed, Faten, Mohamed I. Elian, Ali M. Koriem und Alaa Ewais. „Efficacy of Using Chemical Inducers and Biological Agents to Control Strawberry Leaf Spot Disease on Chemical Components and Enzyme Activity“. Journal of Agriculture and Crops, Nr. 102 (24.04.2024): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.102.59.70.

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Strawberry plants are subjected to many pathogens. Fungal diseases of strawberries are important worldwide and occur in all parts of the plant, including leaves, crowns, and fruits. The results of the bio-agent experiment indicated that Trichoderma harzianum was the most effective in reducing the growth of Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea in vitro, the main causes of leaf spots in strawberry plants. The inhibition zone was observed and mycelium of T. harzianum invaded the colony of the tested pathogens. The importance of the biochemical study of defense reaction in the physiology of disease resistance was accepted. The activity of total, free, and conjugated phenols as well as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase enzyme activities were determined in resistant and susceptible strawberry cultivars. All the total, free, and conjugated phenols increased in resistant cultivars (Fortuna and Winter Star) and decreased in susceptible cultivar (Festival). Oxidative enzymes, like the increased activity of enzymes that appear mince of new polypeptide protein, have become models in the study of plant disease resistance. The higher content of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase enzymes in resistant cultivars, were noticed compared with those in susceptible ones. It was found also that, the chemical inducers increased total phenols in resistant and susceptible cultivars i.e., potassium di-phosphate, ferrous sulphate, and oxalic acid. Inducer resistance also caused an increase of free phenols than the control. However, conjugated phenols accumulated faster after using chemical inducers in the leaves of the resistant cultivars, than the susceptible ones.

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Vilas-Boas, Vânia, Eva Gijbels, Axelle Cooreman, Raf Van Campenhout, Emma Gustafson, Kaat Leroy und Mathieu Vinken. „Industrial, Biocide, and Cosmetic Chemical Inducers of Cholestasis“. Chemical Research in Toxicology 32, Nr. 7 (03.06.2019): 1327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00148.

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Testa, Ugo. „Fetal hemoglobin chemical inducers for treatment of hemoglobinopathies“. Annals of Hematology 88, Nr. 6 (15.11.2008): 505–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00277-008-0637-y.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Chemical inducers"

Hatzios, Stavroula K. (Stavroula-Artemis K. ). „Human alkaloid biosynthesis : chemical inducers of Parkinson's disease?“ Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36162.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 26-29).
The occurrence of certain alkaloids in the human brain appears to be associated with the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, a human protein bearing homology to an alkaloid synthase in plants was identified. This protein, termed BSCv, may catalyze alkaloid formation in humans. If such activity is confirmed, regulation of BSCv through the use of small molecule inhibitors could provide novel drug therapies for PD patients. This paper describes the first heterologous expression and purification of this transmembrane protein and examines its biological function through a series of enzyme assays. The assays used to evaluate enzyme activity were modeled after the Pictet-Spengler condensation catalyzed by the plant enzyme. Substrates were selected based on their potential to form alkaloids previously identified in central nervous system tissue. Product formation was monitored via high-performance liquid chromatography. Preliminary data suggest that BSCv does not function as an alkaloid synthase. However, further studies are needed to ascertain such conclusions. Alternative detergents should be evaluated to assess their influence on enzyme activity. The use of an expanded substrate pool may also provide insight into protein function since substrate specificity may have restricted product formation in the performed assays. Finally, incubation of BSCv with rat brain extract, which contains another species homologue of the protein, could provide insight into its natural substrates. If these studies are unsuccessful, consideration should be given to the possibility that BSCv may function as a receptor. Once the mechanistic and structural properties of the plant enzyme are elucidated, it may be possible to take a more direct approach to the characterization of its human homologue.
by Stavroula K. Hatzios.
S.B.

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Ogunleye, Olatokumbo Olajumi Luca. „Chemical Inducers of Dimerization for Profiling Protein Kinases“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579019.

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Chemical inducers of dimerization (CID) represent an important tool that has been implemented in numerous biological applications namely protein functions, protein stability, signal transduction, gene transcription, etc. Most generally CIDs are defined as bivalent molecules capable of inducing proximity between two targeted proteins. This proximity can in turn promote or disfavor a certain biological activity. Cell permeable small molecules in particular represent a very effective method to induce precise temporal and spatial control over a specific biological target. Our lab has devoted much effort in studying and elucidating the activity and functions of protein kinases, which represent a very attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and many other disorders. Towards this goal we have developed a general CID enabled three-hybrid split-luciferase methodology for the investigation of kinase-inhibitor interactions in vitro. We demonstrate that by modulating the kinase-ligand affinity of the CID we are able to successfully profile many structurally non-related protein kinases. We also investigate the use of weaker affinity kinase ligands to allow competitive displacement of CID by the selected inhibitor. In addition we report the design, synthesis and applications of novel CID's for the profiling of kinase inhibitors in mammalian cells and we demonstrate the feasibility of the assay to be used as a new platform for the discovery of cell permeable kinase inhibitors. Finally, we report a new ligand-gated split-kinase that can be selectively activated by photocleavable inducers of dimerization. We further prove how the activity of split-proteins can be deactivated with temporal control with use of non DNA damaging UV radiation.

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Sarkar, Tanushree. „Studies on resistance of trichosanthes dioica and their induction with chemical inducers against fungal pathogen“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4760.

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Petrie, Christopher David. „Effectiveness of Chemical Inducers on Settling and Settlement of Scleractinian Coral Larvae on Various Substrates“. NSUWorks, 2000. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/310.

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Sessile marine invertebrates often exhibit non-random distributions both horizontally and vertically. The larvae of scleractinian corals settle and metamorphose in response to numerous environmental stimuli including substrate composition and the presence of chemical signals, such as extracts of certain red crustose coralline algae. In this study, seven different substrates common to past research efforts were infused with an extract from the red crustose coralline alga, Hydrolithon boergesenii, and placed on the bottom of the ocean, as were similar plates containing no extract. Substrate plates were deployed during the months following the August 1999 coral-spawning event on a reef near Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Larvae settled on plates placed on the shoreward side of the reef 2.12 times as often as plates placed on the seaward side of the reef. This difference was significant whether the plates contained algal extracts (p=0.004 by two-way ANOVA) or did not contain algal extracts (P = 0.003 by Two-way ANOVA). Reef location also influenced settling independent of plate composition. Peak settlement was observed on unglazed ceramic tiles on the shoreward side of the reef, while the lowest settlement was observed on glass plates on the shoreward side of the reef. Two-way ANOVA with replication showed significant differences in plate material (P = 0.031), presence or absence of algal extract (P = 0.002), and in the interaction of these variables (P = 0.009). Larvae settled on plates containing the algal extracts 2.60 times as often as plates without algal extract. Multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) for the interaction of all variables indicated significant interactions for extract presence (P = 0.002), reef zone location (P = 0.036), and plate material (P = .031). The interactions between algal extract presence and reef zone were also significant (P = 0.009), as were the interactions between plate material and algal extract presence (P = 0.009). Simultaneous MANOVA for all variables was not significant (P = 0.071), probably due to large variation in settling plate composition, variation in the concentration and activity of the algal extracts applied to the plates, as well as variation in the microhabitat across the reef.

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Robinson, Michael W. „Synthesis and Evaluation of Inducers of Methuotic Cell Death and Preliminary Identification of Their Cellular Targets in Glioblastoma Cells“. University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1372430209.

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Ruz, Estévez Lídia. „Improvement of strategies for the management of fire blight (Erwinia amylovora). Evaluation and optimization of physical and chemical control methods, and use of decision support systems“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7923.

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El foc bacterià és una malaltia que afecta a plantes de la família de la rosàcies, causada pel bacteri Erwinia amylovora. El seu rang d'hostes inclou arbres fruiters, com la perera, la pomera o el codonyer, i plantes ornamentals de gran interès comercial i econòmic. Actualment, la malaltia s'ha dispersat i es troba àmpliament distribuïda en totes les zones de clima temperat del món. A Espanya, on la malaltia no és endèmica, el foc bacterià es va detectar per primer cop al 1995 al nord del país (Euskadi) i posteriorment, han aparegut varis focus en altres localitzacions, que han estat convenientment eradicats. El control del foc bacterià, és molt poc efectiu en plantes afectades per la malaltia, de manera que es basa en mesures encaminades a evitar la dispersió del patogen, i la introducció de la malaltia en regions no endèmiques.
En aquest treball, la termoteràpia ha estat avaluada com a mètode d'eradicació d'E. amylovora de material vegetal de propagació asimptomàtic. S'ha demostrat que la termoteràpia és un mètode viable d'eradicar E. amylovora de material de propagació. Gairebé totes les espècies i varietats de rosàcies mantingudes en condicions d'humitat sobrevivien 7 hores a 45 ºC i més de 3 hores a 50 ºC, mentre que més d'1 hora d'exposició a 50 ºC amb calor seca produïa danys en el material vegetal i reduïa la brotació. Tractaments de 60 min a 45 ºC o 30 min a 50 ºC van ser suficients per reduir la població epífita d'E. amylovora a nivells no detectables (5 x 102 ufc g-1 p.f.) en branques de perera.
Els derivats dels fosfonats i el benzotiadiazol són efectius en el control del foc bacterià en perera i pomera, tant en condicions de laboratori, com d'hivernacle i camp. Els inductors de defensa de les plantes redueixen els nivells de malaltia fins al 40-60%. Els intervals de temps mínims per aconseguir el millor control de la malaltia van ser 5 dies pel fosetil-Al, i 7 dies per l'etefon i el benzotiadiazol, i les dosis òptimes pel fosetil-Al i el benzotiadiazol van ser 3.72 g HPO32- L-1 i 150 mg i.a. L-1, respectivament. Es millora l'eficàcia del fosetil-Al i del benzotiadiazol en el control del foc bacterià, quan es combinen amb els antibiòtics a la meitat de la dosi d'aquests últims. Tot i que l'estratègia de barrejar productes és més pràctica i fàcil de dur a terme a camp, que l'estratègia de combinar productes, el millor nivell de control de la malaltia s'aconsegueix amb l'estratègia de combinar productes.
Es va analitzar a nivell histològic i ultrastructural l'efecte del benzotiadiazol i dels fosfonats en la interacció Erwinia amylovora-perera. Ni el benzotiadiazol, ni el fosetil-Al, ni l'etefon van induir canvis estructurals en els teixits de perera 7 dies després de la seva aplicació. No obstant, després de la inoculació d'E. amylovora es va observar en plantes tractades amb fosetil-Al i etefon una desorganització estructural cel·lular, mentre que en les plantes tractades amb benzotiadiazol aquestes alteracions tissulars van ser retardades.
S'han avaluat dos models (Maryblyt, Cougarblight) en un camp a Espanya afectat per la malaltia, per determinar la precisió de les prediccions. Es van utilitzar dos models per elaborar el mapa de risc, el BRS-Powell combinat i el BIS95 modificat. Els resultats van mostrar dos zones amb elevat i baix risc de la malaltia. Maryblyt i Cougarblight són dos models de fàcil ús, tot i que la seva implementació en programes de maneig de la malaltia requereix que siguin avaluats i validats per un període de temps més llarg i en àrees on la malaltia hi estigui present.
Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a serious disease of rosaceous plants that affects fruit trees such as pear, apple or quince, and ornamental plants with great commercial and economic interest. The disease is spread and well distributed in all temperate regions of the world. In Spain, where the disease is non endemic, fire blight was first detected in 1995 in the North of the country (Euskadi) and later, several new outbreaks have appeared in other locations that have been properly eradicated. Control of fire blight is very slightly effective in affected plants and is based on measures to avoid the spread of pathogen, and the introduction of disease in non-endemic regions.
In this work, thermotherapy has been evaluated as a method for eradication of E. amylovora from symptomless propagating plant material. It has been demonstrated that heat is a viable method for eradicating E. amylovora from the propagation material of the pear. Almost all rosaceous species and cultivars maintained under moist conditions survived 7 hours at 45 ºC and up to 3 hours at 50 ºC, while more than 1 hour of exposure at 50 ºC under dry heat injured plants and reduced shooting. However, 60 min at 45 ºC or 30 min at 50 ºC were enough to reduce epiphytic E. amylovora population on pear budwoods to non-detectable level (5 x 102 cfu g-1 f.w.).
Phosphonate derivatives and benzothiadiazole were effective in fire blight control in pear and apple, under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. Plant defense inducers reduced disease levels to 40-60%. The minimal time intervals to achieve the best control of disease were 5 days for fosetyl-Al, and 7 days for ethephon and benzothiadiazole, and the optimal doses of fosetyl-Al and benzothiadiazole were 3.72 g HPO32- L-1 and 150 mg a.i. L-1, respectively. The efficacy of fosetyl-Al and benzothiadiazole in fire blight control was improved when consecutively sprayed (combined strategy) with a half-reduced dose of antibiotics. Although the mixed strategy is more practical and easier to apply in the orchard than the combined one, the best level of fire blight control was achieved with the combined strategy.
The effect of benzothiadiazole and phosphonates in Erwinia amylovora-pear interaction was analyzed at histological and ultrastructural level. Neither benzothiadiazole, nor fosetyl-Al, nor ethephon induced structural changes in pear leaf tissues 7 days after their application. However, after E. amylovora inoculation structural cell disorganization was observed in fosetyl-Al and ethephon-sprayed plants, while in benzothiadiazole-sprayed plants these tissue alterations were delayed.
Two predictive models (Maryblyt and Cougarblight) were evaluated in an orchard naturally affected by fire blight in Spain, to determine the accuracy of the predictions. The combined BRS-Powell model and the modified BIS95 model were also evaluated. Results showed two clearly differentiated geographical areas with high and low fire blight risk. Maryblyt and Cougarblight are easy models to use, but their implementation in disease management programs must be evaluated and validated for more seasons and in areas where the disease is present.

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Casa, Maria V. „Accumulation of Emerging Chemicals in Southern Hemisphere Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and Species-specific Chemical Effect Assessment“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/411890.

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Millions of hazardous chemicals are synthesized each year. Their release often represents a risk for the environment and biota. As part of a broader effort to investigate the accumulation and effect of emerging chemicals of concern in the Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem, this thesis focuses upon exposure and effect assessment in southern hemisphere (SH) humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). Cetaceans traditionally represent ideal targets for exposure assessment to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), that is chemicals identified as persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic and capable of long-range environmental transport. Their extended life span and high proportion of body fat render cetaceans susceptible to accumulation of elevated burdens. Southern hemisphere humpback whales feed almost exclusively on Antarctic krill (Euphasia superba) and thus represent second order consumers of the Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem. Exposure assessment consisted of targeted analysis of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) included under the Stockholm Convention (SC) in 2017, and brominated structures listed in 2009 as well as novel, naturally occurring brominated structures, already detected at lower trophic levels of the Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem. SCCPs were targeted in stranded specimens and were detected in 77.7 % of samples, representing the first detection of SCCPs in any mysticetes or any Antarctic foraging marine mammal.Blubber samples from free-swimming and stranded specimens were dedicated to the analysis of the modern category of POPs, polybromodiphenilethers (PBDEs), and a naturally occurring brominated compound, 2,4,6-tribromoanysole (TBA), the chemical structure of which closely resembles PBDEs, flagging the possibility of similar toxic action. Humpback whale PBDEs profiles were dominated by tetra- and penta- congeners, supporting a single previous study on PBDE accumulation in Southern hemisphere humpback whales feeding in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Further, the detection of decaBDE adds support for the local emissions or particle bound transport to Antarctica. PBDE congeners were detected in all samples analysed, whilst TBA was 88 detected in 80% of samples. Upon establishing accumulation of three novel chemical groups in the Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem, species-specific effect assessment was performed through cytotoxicity assessment implementing the newly established immortalized humpback whale fibroblast cell line (HuWaTERT). Two endpoints were targeted, namely membrane integrity and metabolic activity following 24h exposure to an SCCP cocktail, BDE-47, BDE-99, TBA. Each assay also incorporated the assay reference chemical, p,p’-DDE. The four chemicals did not show a dose-dependent response comparable to the one produced by the reference chemical. Whilst p,p’-DDE induced a decrease of both metabolic activity and membrane integrity, the cell response to BDE-99 indicated a positive, or potentially hermetic relationship with regards to the metabolic activity, warranting further investigation of underlying mechanisms.The final thesis chapter explores the unique potential of HuWaTERT for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The main objective of this work was to generate a source of a number of different cell lines from the iPSCs, that could be applied for a more tailored approach to in-vitro chemical effect evaluation to fill the gap currently existing in the field of cetacean toxicology. The re-generation trial involved the use of the Sendai virus, which induces the de-differentiation mechanism in HuWaTERT to become iPSCs without integrating into the cell genome. After successfully generating a number of iPC colonies, the cells ultimately did not thrive, likely due to a fungal infection. Overall, this thesis combines both chemical exposure and effect assessment of novel chemical groups, for unique insight into chemical accumulation and impact in the Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem. The work provides new information regarding the range of chemicals that Antarctic consumers are exposed to, a reflection of hemispheric chemical usage and local input, and also contributes invaluable species-specific in vitro toxicity assessment data, which represents a critical research gap for cetacean chemical impact assessment.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Cross, David Henry. „Laser induced chemical vapour deposition of aluminium“. Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/815.

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Preece, N. E. „Studies on chemical-induced autoxidation in vivo“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376361.

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Yellowhair, Monica. „The Chemical-Induced Genotoxicity of Depleted Uranium“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202509.

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Uranium has been mined for many years and used for fuel for nuclear reactors and materials for atomic weapons, ammunition, and armor. While the radioactivity associated with uranium mining has been linked to the development of lung and kidney cancers, and leukemia, little is known about the direct chemical genotoxicity of uranium. The overall hypothesis of the current research is that uranium can produce DNA damage by chemical genotoxicity mechanisms. Three specific aims were tested. In Aim 1, specific DNA lesions caused by direct interaction of uranium and DNA were investigated. Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO) with mutations in various DNA repair pathways were exposed to 0 – 300 μM of soluble depleted uranium (DU) as uranyl acetate (UA) for 0 – 48 hr. Results indicate that UA readily enters CHO cells, with the highest concentration localizing in the nucleus. Clonogenics assay shows that UA is cytotoxic in each cell line with the greatest cytotoxicity in the base excision repair deficient EM9 cells and the nuclear excision repair deficient UV5 cells compared to the non-homologous end joining deficient V3.3 cells and the parental AA8 cells after 48 hr. This indicates that UA is forming DNA adducts that may be producing single strand breaks through hydrolysis rather than double strand breaks in CHO cells. Fast Micromethod® results indicate an increased amount of single strand breaks in the EM9 cells after 48 hr UA exposure compared to the V3.3 and AA8 cells. In Aim 2, the role of oxidative stress in producing DNA lesions was determined. Cellular oxidative stress has been implicated in the genotoxicity of many heavy metals as a mechanism of induced DNA damage. To investigate this possible mechanism, human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o⁻) were exposed to 30 ppb (0.13 μM U) UA for 2 – 24 hr. UA did not significantly induce oxidative stress compared to untreated cells at 3 – 4 hr time points. These results suggest that cellular oxidative stress is not a major pathway of DU genotoxicity at low concentrations. In Aim 3, DNA damage response to uranium-induced DNA damage was investigated. It has been widely reported that metals can be genotoxic by inhibiting DNA repair. Cultured cells were co-exposed to 0.13 μM UA in the presence of 0 – 25 μM of etoposide for 0 – 48 hr. Results indicate that UA inhibited double strand break repair. Coexposures of etoposide and UA synergistically induced cytotoxicity compared to individual treatments and untreated cells. Co-exposed UA and etoposide treated 16HBE14o⁻ cells exhibited a decrease in phosphorylation of DNA repair proteins compared to etoposide treatments. Untreated and UA-treated 16HBE14o⁻ cells did not induce phosphorylation of DNA repair proteins. These results suggest that DU inhibits double strand break DNA repair at low concentrations in the presence of a known DNA double-strand damaging agent, etoposide. The inhibition of DNA repair by DU at environmentally relevant concentrations suggests a novel means by which uranium may exert its genotoxic effects. Results found at low dose exposures are not consistent with alterations seen with radioactivity, suggesting that the effects of uranium at low doses are due to its chemical genotoxic effects. Understanding how uranium reacts with DNA is important to better understand how this suspected carcinogen induces cancer and to help to elucidate mechanisms that produce cancers in people exposed to uranium.

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Bücher zum Thema "Chemical inducers"

Mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis. London: Butterworths, 1986.

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K, Silbergeld Ellen, Fowler Bruce A und New York Academy of Sciences., Hrsg. Mechanisms of chemical-induced porphyrinopathies. New York, N.Y: New York Academy of Sciences, 1987.

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Chemical food safety. Nosworthy Way, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: CABI, 2011.

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Shahidi, Fereidoon, Chi-Tang Ho und Nguyen van Chuyen, Hrsg. Process-Induced Chemical Changes in Food. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1925-0.

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1951-, Shahidi Fereidoon, Ho Chi-Tang 1944-, Chuyen Nguyen van und Pacifichem '95 (1995 : Honolulu, Hawaii), Hrsg. Process-induced chemical changes in food. New York: Plenum Press, 1998.

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Sardinian, International Meeting on Models and Mechanisms in Chemical Carcinogenesis (4th 1987 Alghero Italy). Chemical carcinogenesis: Models and mechanisms. New York: Plenum Press, 1988.

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Chemically induced birth defects. New York, N.Y: M. Dekker, 1985.

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Chemically induced birth defects. 2. Aufl. New York: Dekker, 1993.

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Chemically induced birth defects. 3. Aufl. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2000.

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Chemical sensitivity. Boca Raton [Fla.]: Lewis Publishers, 1992.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Chemical inducers"

Smalley, Richard V., und Robert K. Oldham. „Chemical Inducers of Lymphokines“. In Principles of Cancer Biotherapy, 192–210. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0029-5_9.

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Hirai, Hiroshi, und Yoko Nakatsuru. „Evaluating Chemical CDK Inhibitors as Cell Death Inducers“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 167–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2926-9_14.

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Borden, Ernest C., Younan A. Sidky und George T. Bryan. „Chemoprophylaxis by Interferons or Inducers against Chemical Carcinogenesis“. In Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation Protection, 499–502. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6462-1_72.

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Grobstein, Clifford. „The Problem of the Chemical Nature of Embryonic Inducers“. In Ciba Foundation Symposium - Cell Differentiation, 131–47. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470719589.ch9.

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Nover, L. „Inducers of HSP Synthesis: Heat Shock and Chemical Stressors“. In Heat Shock Response, 5–40. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367811730-3.

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Bonnot, Clémence, Laurent Nussaume und Thierry Desnos. „Identification of Chemical Inducers of the Phosphate-Starvation Signaling Pathway in A. thaliana Using Chemical Genetics“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 65–84. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7874-8_6.

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Miike, Hidetoshi, und Stefan C. Müller. „Chemical Pattern Dynamics by Chemically Induced Hydrodynamic Flow“. In NATO ASI Series, 293–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5793-3_28.

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Bäuerle, Dieter. „Laser-Induced Chemical Reactions“. In Chemical Processing with Lasers, 36–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02505-5_3.

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Jankowicz-Cieslak, Joanna, Florian Goessnitzer, Stephan Nielen und Ivan L. W. Ingelbrecht. „Chemical Mutagenesis of Mature Seed of Coffea arabica L. var. Venecia Using EMS“. In Mutation Breeding in Coffee with Special Reference to Leaf Rust, 163–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67273-0_12.

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AbstractChemical mutagens are a major tool to generate novel genetic variation in crops, functional genomics and breeding. They are advantageous because they do not require any specialized equipment and can induce a high mutation frequency. Compared to physical methods, chemical mutagens cause point mutations rather than deletions or translocations. Point mutations can have varying effects on gene expression ranging from knockouts to changes in amino acids that may have subtle effects on protein function. Many important gene functions have been uncovered by evaluating the in vivo effect of mutated genes in a broad range of model and crop plants. Chemical mutagens have been successfully applied to induce tolerance to fungal diseases in cereals such as barley and wheat. Among the chemical mutagens used for plant mutagenesis, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is the most widely applied. This protocol chapter describes the utilization of EMS for establishing kill curves and generating a mutagenized population of Coffea arabica var. Venecia via treatment of mature seed. The different steps of the mutagenesis process are described, including quality control and preparation of the seed batches, procedures for determining Lethal Dose (LD) and Growth Reduction (GR) values, and for post-treatment handling of the chemically mutagenized seed, specific for Arabica coffee.

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Lerch, Marianne. „Drug-Induced Angioedema“. In Chemical Immunology and Allergy, 98–105. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000335621.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Chemical inducers"

Costa, Raisa Ferreira, Emanuela Paz Rosas, Daniella Araújo de Oliveira und Marcelo Moraes Valença. „Action of capsaicin in the degranulation of mast cells in dura mater of rats: literature review“. In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.001.

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Introduction: Capsaicin is able to induce mast cell degranulation, an event probably related to the pathophysiology of a migraine attack. Objectives: The present review study aimed to address the mechanisms of action of capsaicin and other chemical inducers in mast cell degranulation and an interaction of nerves and events that happen in the dura mater with the activation of mast cells. Design: A survey was carried out in the literature, from 1980 to 2019, in different databases (SciELO, U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes Health (PubMed) and Web of Science) using the following terms: capsaicin, mast cell and dura mater. Methods: 36 articles were selected for this review. The inclusion criteria were experimental model studies in rats that described the mechanisms of action of chemical inducers, including capsaicin. Results: Studies indicate that the main mechanisms of action of capsaicin are chemical induction through the activation of TRPV1 channels, allowing calcium influx into neurons in the trigeminal ganglion of the dura mater, activating mast cell degranulation, releasing pro-inflammatory (e.g., histamine, oxide nitric) and vasoactive (e.g., CGRP and substance P) substances. Conclusion: Therefore, the use of capsaicin may be a tool to be used in na animal model to better understand the pathophysiology of migraine.

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Parigger, Christian, David H. Plemmons und J. W. L. Lewis. „Spatially and Temporally Resolved Electron Number Densities in a Decaying Laser-Induced Hydrogen Plasma“. In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1994.tub.3.

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Measurements of the widths of Stark broadened hydrogen Balmer Series lines can be used to infer electron number densities of optically created plasmas. A typical optical breakdown plasma is transient and shows spatial structure. For example, self-focusing effects may induce density variations which may be measured using diffraction techniques.1 The expanding plasma induces number density variations that in fact may form a light pipe for high intensity laser pulses.2

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Pickles, Charles S. J., Ricardo S. Sussmann, Milos Nesladek und Keith L. Lewis. „Infrared performance of chemical-vapor-deposited diamond“. In Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2000, herausgegeben von Gregory J. Exarhos, Arthur H. Guenther, Mark R. Kozlowski, Keith L. Lewis und M. J. Soileau. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.425061.

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Auvert, Geoffroy. „CW laser induced chemical reactions with integrated circuits“. In The Microphysics of Surfaces: Beam-Induced Processes. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/msbip.1991.tuc2.

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By focussing a CW laser on the surface of an integrated circuit, the temperature can be locally increased if the laser wavelength is adsorbed by the silicon of the circuit [1]. This is the case when using visible or UV wavelengths. When turning on the laser beam power, the laser induced temperature increases and reaches an equilibrium temperature in less than a tenth of a microsecond for a one micron laser spot diameter [2]. The equilibrium temperature strongly depends on the optical and thermal properties of the irradiated area and is lower when irradiating a metal, which has high lateral heat losses and high reflectivity, than a semiconductor, which has low thermal conductivity and low reflectivity.

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Gilman, John J. „Strain-induced chemical reactions“. In High-pressure science and technology—1993. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.46461.

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Bauerle, Dieter. „Laser Induced Chemical Processing“. In 1984 European Conference on Optics, Optical Systems and Applications, herausgegeben von Bouwe Bolger und Hedzer A. Ferwerda. SPIE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.943741.

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Brusasco, R. M. „A high temperature, plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition system“. In Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials 1989. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2294453.

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Nishizawa, Jun-ichi. „Adsorbed Layers in the Process of Chemical Vapor Deposition“. In The Microphysics of Surfaces: Beam-Induced Processes. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/msbip.1991.mb1.

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In chemical vapor deposition, surface migration of adsorbed species is an important factor which limit the minimum crystal growth temperature, since high substrate temperature enhances the surface migration of the adsorbate. But, high temperature process produces defects in the crystal. Concerning this problem, photoepitaxy was proposed by the author in 1961 (1). It has been applied to Si (2) and GaAs vapor phase epitaxy (3), resulting in higher crystal quality at a lower growth temperature. Photochemical processes allow the possibility that each elemental process can be individually controlled among the competitive processes by using a specific wavelength.

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Houle, F. A. „Mechanism of Chemical Etching of doped GaAs by Cl2“. In The Microphysics of Surfaces: Beam-Induced Processes. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/msbip.1991.tua2.

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Consideration of product volatility and thermodynamic stability have been central to models developed for the thermal etching and deposition of GaAs by Cl21,2 Mass spectrometric studies of the etching chemistry have tended to support some of the basic assumptions of these models: that the thermodynamically most stable product is formed and that product volatility controls the etch rate. Surface analyses, for example, have revealed the presence of a Ga-rich scale after etching, to be expected if the As chlorides arc more volatile and desorb more readily.3-5 Consequently, models of beam modification of GaAs in the presence of Cl2 have focussed on how energetic particles or light might perturb the thermal reaction. In this work the validity of the basis for these models has been examined by investigation of the etching chemistry of doped GaAs by molecular beam mass spectrometry and in situ Auger spectroscopy.

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Pickles, Charles S. J., Steven E. Coe, T. D. Madgwick, Ricardo S. Sussmann, Christopher J. H. Wort und Keith L. Lewis. „CO 2 laser damage trials on chemical vapor deposited diamond“. In Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1999, herausgegeben von Gregory J. Exarhos, Arthur H. Guenther, Mark R. Kozlowski, Keith L. Lewis und M. J. Soileau. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.379323.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Chemical inducers"

Colburn, Heather, Hope Lackey, Mariefel Olarte, Heather Felmy, Amanda Lines und Samuel Bryan. Radiation-Induced Catalysis of Chemical Reactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1989697.

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Allendorf, Mark D., Peter J. Hesketh, Kenneth A. Gall, A. Choudhury, J. Pikarsky, Leanne Andruszkiewicz, Ronald J. T. Houk und Albert Alec Talin. Stress-induced chemical detection using flexible metal-organic frameworks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993628.

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Tenie, Giorgiana Adina, Marie Louise Holmer und Katarzyna Malkiewicz. Chemical induced effects on the developing nervous and immune systems. Nordic Council of Ministers, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/na2017-919.

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Wellons, M. Characterization of the Environmentally Induced Chemical Transformations of Uranium Tetrafluoride. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1395970.

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Pesis, Edna, Elizabeth J. Mitcham, Susan E. Ebeler und Amnon Lers. Application of Pre-storage Short Anaerobiosis to Alleviate Superficial Scald and Bitter Pit in Granny Smith Apples. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593394.bard.

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There is increased demand for high quality fruit produced and marketed with reduced chemical inputs to minimize toxic effects on human health and the environment. Granny Smith (GS) apple quality is reduced by two major physiological disorders, superficial scald and bitter pit (BP). These disorders cause great loss to apple growers worldwide. Superficial scald is commonly controlled by chemical treatments, mainly the antioxidant diphenylamine (DPA) and/or the ethylene action inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1–MCP). Both chemicals are ineffective in controlling bitter pit incidence. We proposed to investigate the beneficial use of non-chemical, abiotic stress with low O2 (LO2) applied for 10d at 20°C on GS apple fruit. During the project we expanded the treatment to more apple cultivars, Golden Delicious (GD) and Starking Delicious (SD) and another pome fruit, the pear. Apple and pear have similar physiological disorders that develop during cold storage and we examined if the LO2 treatment would also be effective on pear. Application of 0.5% LO2 atmosphere for 10d at 20°C or 500ppb 1-MCP at 20°C prior to cold storage at 0°C, was effective in reducing superficial scald in GS apple. Moreover, LO2 pretreatment was also effective in reducing bitter pit (BP) development in California GS and Israeli GD and SD apples The BP symptoms in GS from California were much more prominent, so the effect of LO2 was more dramatic than the effect on the Israeli cvs. GD and SD, nevertheless the LO2 treatment showed the same trend in all cultivars in reducing BP. The LO2 and 1-MCP -treated fruit exhibited lower levels of ethylene, - farnesene and its oxidation product, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (MHO), as determined by SPME/GC-MS analysis. In addition, LO2 pretreatment applied to California Bartlett or Israeli Spadona pears was effective in reducing superficial scald, senescent scald and internal breakdown after 4 m of cold storage at 0°C. For GS apple, low-temperature storage resulted in oxidative stress and chilling injury, caused by increased production of superoxide anions which in turn led to the generation of other dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using confocal laser-scanning microscopy and H2O2 measurements of apple peel, we observed ROS accumulation in control fruit, while negligible amounts were found in LO2 and 1-MCP treated fruit. Gene-expression levels of ROS-scavenging enzymes were induced by the various pretreatments: catalase was induced by LO2 treatment, whereas Mn superoxide dismutase was induced by 1-MCP treatment. We assume that LO2 and 1-MCP pretreated fruit remained healthier due to reduced production of ethylene and reactive oxygen substances, such as MHO, during cold storage. The LO2-treated apple exhibited greener peel and firmer fruit after 6 m of cold storage, and the fruit had high crispiness leading to high taste preference. In both pear cultivars, the LO2 treatment led to a reduction in internal breakdown and browning around the seed cavity. We tested the LO2 pre-storage treatment on a semi-commercial scale that would be applicable to a small organic grower by sealing the fruit within the plastic field bins. The treatment was most effective with a continuous flow of nitrogen through the bins; however, a single 6 hour flush of nitrogen was also fairly effective. In addition, we determined that it was very important to have the oxygen levels below 0.5% for approximately 10 days to achieve good scald control, not counting the time required to reduce the oxygen concentration. Our LO2 technology has been proven in this project to be effective in reducing several physiological disorders developed in pome fruit during cold storage. We hope that our non-chemical treatment which is friendly to the environment will be used in the near future for the organic apple and pear industry. The next step should be an analysis of the cost-benefits and commercial feasibility.

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Wellons, Matthew. Characterization of the environmentally induced chemical transformation of UF₄. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1395256.

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Seager, C. H., S. M. Myers, D. M. Follstaedt, H. J. Stein und W. R. Wampler. The structural, chemical, and electrical properties of He-implantation-induced nanocavities in silicon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10194006.

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Van Ginhoven, Renee M., John E. Jaffe, Weilin Jiang und Denis M. Strachan. Chemical and Charge Imbalance Induced by Radionuclide Decay: Effects on Waste Form Structure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1021288.

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Jiang, Weilin, und Renee M. Van Ginhoven. Chemical and Charge Imbalance Induced by Radionuclide Decay: Effects on Waste Form Structure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061414.

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Milo, G. Chemical Carcinogen (Hydrazine et al.) Induced Carcinogenesis of Human Diploid Fibroblasts in vitro. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juni 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada158974.

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