Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Chart rendering“

An Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) is a two-dimensional abstraction and generalisation of the real world and it limits users' ability to obtain more real and rich spatial information of the navigation environment. However, a three-dimensional (3D) chart could dramatically reduce the number of human errors and improve the accuracy and efficiency of manoeuvring. Thus it is important to be able to visualize charts in 3D. This article proposes a new model for future Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) and describes our approach for the construction of web-based multi-resolution future ECDIS implemented in our system Automotive Intelligent Chart (AIC) 3D ECDIS, including multi-resolution riverbed construction technology, multi-layer technology for data fusion, Mercator transformation of the model, rendering and web publishing methods. AIC 3D ECDIS can support global spatial data and 3D visualization, which merges the 2D vector electronic navigational chart with the three-dimensional navigation environment in a unified framework and interface, and is also published on the web to provide application and data service through the network.

The purpose of this study is to propose an approach to fuse multiscale charts into three-dimensional (3D) electronic navigational chart (ENC) systems based on underwater topography and remote sensing image. This is the first time that the fusion of multiscale standard ENCs in the 3D ENC system has been studied. First, a view-dependent visualization technology is presented for the determination of the display condition of a chart. Second, a map sheet processing method is described for dealing with the map sheet splice problem. A process order called “3D order” is designed to adapt to the characteristics of the chart. A map sheet clipping process is described to deal with the overlap between the adjacent map sheets. And our strategy for map sheet splice is proposed. Third, the rendering method for ENC objects in the 3D ENC system is introduced. Fourth, our picking-up method for ENC objects is proposed. Finally, we implement the above methods in our system: automotive intelligent chart (AIC) 3D electronic chart display and information systems (ECDIS). And our method can handle the fusion problem well.

ABSTRACTThis is the first systematic attempt to chart the evolving political views of contemporary Church of England clergy. The article is based upon a comparative quantitative analysis and synthesis of eighteen national and four local surveys conducted between 1979 and 2004. Ministerial opinions on the state's influence on the Church and the Church's influence on the state are both considered. Ten specific conclusions are drawn. While the clergy generally cling to the concept of an Established Church, they are very critical of some of the traditional manifestations of that establishment. They also mostly think it highly appropriate for the Church to intervene in the world of party politics, and not simply on moral issues. In this they are positioned ahead of the thinking of many of the committed Anglican laity, for whom a degree of separation of religion and politics remains the ideal. The academic, ecclesiastical and political implications of these findings are briefly explored.

The construction of towing operation training simulation system based on HLA (High Level Architecture) and Vega Prime interface is analysed. Designed the detailed object model for distribute simulation, and analyzed the responsibility of federation and each federate. The flow chart of simulation program which runs HLA and Vega Prime simultaneously was designed. In the multi thread program, the rendering cycle of Vega Prime is main thread and HLA thread for time cycle is embedded in. A multi-channel display system was also used to improve the visual effort of training system.

AbstractThis article uses the multifaceted meaning of the wordtranslationas an analytic key to understand and analyze social and epistemic change in early modern France.Translationis here taken to mean not simply the rendering of one language into another, but also a physical displacement from one location to another, and the movement of knowledge and expertise from one discipline (and social status) to another. The manifold ideas and practices associated with translation are used to chart the voyage of Jean Parmentier, a humanist, poet, and ship captain from Dieppe, as he guided his ship and crew to Sumatra in 1529.

The study reports on the validity of IELTS Academic Writing Task One (IAWTO) and compares and assesses the performance descriptors, i.e., coherence and cohesion, lexical resource and grammatical range, employed on IAWTO and IELTS Academic Writing Task Two (IAWTT). To these objectives, the data used were 53 participants' responses to graphic prompts driven by IELTS scoring rubrics, descriptive prompt, and retrospective, rather than concurrent, think-aloud protocols for detecting the cognitive validity of responses. The results showed that IAWTO input was degenerate and insufficient, rendering the construct under-represented, i.e., narrowing the construct. It was also found that IAWTO displayed to be in tune with cognitive difficulty of diagram analysis and the intelligence-based design of the process chart, rather than bar chart, being thus symmetrical with variances irrelevant to construct; this is argued to be biased to one group: Leading to under-performance of one group in marked contrast to over-performance of another group. Added to that, qualitative results established on instructors' protocols were suggestive of the dominance of performance descriptors on IAWTT rather than on IAWTO. The pedagogical implications of this study are further argued.

The canvas in the HTML5 provides very powerful ability to realize complex graphics and image operations. It can be used for developing information application about graphics such as chart module, scientific computing visualization, drawing software, animation system and information visualization and so on. It will play an important role in the web game for PC or mobile platform because the HTML5 has the platform-independent feature. In this paper a system of graphics algorithm presentation is provided and it uses the prototype object and image data structure of canvas rendering context 2D model to define the custom function to implement the graphics algorithm. It demonstrates the realization process of the principle of graphics algorithms and it shows that the canvas has great flexibility and scalability characteristics.

In the literature, there are few reports that provide a detailed account on the technique of visual electrocortical stimulation in the setting of resective surgery for occipital epilepsy. In this technical note, the authors describe how a 26-year-old male with long-standing occipital epilepsy underwent resective surgery under awake conditions, using electrocortical stimulation of the occipital lobe, with the aid of a laser pointer and a perimetry chart on a stand within his visual field. The eloquent primary visual cortex was found to overlap with the seizure onset zone that was previously determined with subdural electrodes. A maximum functionally safe resection was performed, rendering the patient seizure free as of his last follow-up at 20 months, with no visual field impairment.

The main aim of the article is to find out the performance of different metrics proposed to CIE TC 1-91. Currently, six different indexes have been proposed to CIE TC 1-91: Colour Quality Scale (CQS), Feeling of Contrast Index (FCI), Memory colour rendering index (MCRI), Preference of skin (PS), Relative gamut area index (RGAI) and Illuminating Engineering society Method for evaluating light source colour rendition (IES TM-30). The evaluation and analysis are based on previously conducted experiment in lighting booth. The analysis showed the area based metric FCI was good subjective preference indicator. The subjective preference was measured in terms of naturalness of objects, colourfulness of colour checker chart, and the visual appearance of the lit scene in the booth.

In dieser Arbeit wird ein applikationsunabhängiges Reduktionssystem entworfen, das selbstständig und effizient für die ihm übergebenen Modellteile in allen Betrachtersituationen aus einem möglichen Spektrum von geometrie- und bild-basierten Approximationsformen jeweils die geeignete Approximation generiert, deren Komplexität möglichst gering ist und bei deren Verwendung ein Szenenbild erzeugt werden kann, dessen Bildfehler die vom Nutzer vorgegebenen Schranken nicht überschreitet. Das System nutzt bild- und geometrie-basierte Approximationsformen für unterschiedliche Bereiche im Sichtvolumen des Betrachters. Nailboards sind die benutzten bild-basierten Approximationen. In dieser Arbeit werden neue Nailboardarten vorgestellt, die für die Approximation von semi-transparenten Objekten und von dynamisch beleuchteten Objekten effizient verwendet werden können. Die vorgestellten Erzeugungs- und Darstellungsmethoden nutzen die Fähigkeiten der aktuellen Hardware intensiv aus, um die Nailboards im Echtzeitkontext nutzbar zu machen. Texturierte, sichtabhängige geometrie-basierte Approximationen werden aus einem texturierten Viewdependent Progressive Mesh (VDPM) gewonnen. In dieser Arbeit wird eine effiziente Methode zur Erzeugung von VDPM vorgestellt, aus der Approximationen mit optimal angepassten Parameterkoordinaten gewonnen werden können, ohne dass ein der VDPM-Erzeugung nachgeschalteter Optimierungsschritt der Parameterkoordinaten aller im VDPM kodierten Approximationen notwendig ist. Die Erzeugung der notwendigen Texturen erfolgt unter Nutzung einer schnellen Parametrisierungsmethode und hardware-gestützter Methoden zur Erzeugung dicht gepackter Texturatlanten. Durch die Kombination von selektiven Zugriffsmethoden auf TFGR mit effizienten Randanpassungsmethoden, wird erstmals ein effizientes und qualitativ hochwertiges Multiresolution Rendering mittels TFGR ermöglicht. Aus dem TFGR werden texturierte sichtunabhängige Approximationen gewonnen. Zur echtzeitfähigen, vollautomatischen Erzeugung aller drei Approximationsformen wird in dieser Arbeit ein Reduktionssystem vorgeschlagen, das diese Approximationsformen verteilt generiert. Für eine effiziente Kommunikation innerhalb dieses Systems werden entsprechende Kompressions-, Caching- und State-Differencing-Mechanismen vorgeschlagen. Lastverteilungsmechanismen sichern eine effiziente Ausnutzung der zur Verfügung stehenden Ressourcen ab
In this thesis, an application-independent system for the distributed generation of object approximations used for multi-resolution rendering is proposed. The system generates approximations of objects of a scene sent to him in an efficient and fully automatic manner. The system is able to generate different kinds of geometry-based and image-based object approximations. For each given objects of a scene it generates that kind of approximation that is suitable for the current view. That means that its complexity is minimal and that it causes an error in the image generated with this approximation that does not exceed a user-specified threshold. Nailboards are image-based approximations that approximate objects whose size is small compared to the whole scene. In this thesis new kinds of nailboards are presented which can be used efficiently for the approximation of semi-transparent objects and objects in scenes with a dynamic illumination. Capabilities of current graphics hardware are intensively used to generate and render all kinds of Nailboards in real-time. So-called textured view-dependent progressive meshes (VDPM) are used as view dependent geometry-bases approximations for objects whose size is large compared to the whole scene. In this thesis an efficient method for generating VDPM is presented. This method allows the extraction of approximations with optimally adapted texture coordinates without the necessity of an separate optimization step for the texture coordinates in the generation procedure. The textures necessary for the compensation of detail loss are generated using a fast parameterization method from Yoshizawa. The generation of texture atlases is done hardware-accelerated. Further on a hardware-accelerated method for hardware-accelerated multi-resolution rendering using multi chart geometry images (MCGIM) is presented. Out of the MCGIM view-independent geometry-based approximations are extracted. Finally a system for the distributed generation of object approximations is proposed. It generates all three kinds of approximations fully automatic and almost in real time. For an efficient communication within this system suitable compression, caching and state-differencing mechanisms are proposed. Load balancing mechanisms ensure efficient utilization of available resources

Tato práce se zaměřuje na vytvoření webové komponenty k vykreslení grafů ze strukturovanýho datovýho formátu (dále jen schéma) a vytvoření uživatelského rozhraní pro editaci schématu pro Ansible Automation Analytics. Práce zkoumá aktuální implementaci Ansible Automation Analytics a odpovídající API. Dále zkoumá vhodné knihovny pro vykreslování grafů a popisuje základy použitých technologií. Praktická část popisuje požadavky na komponentu a popisuje vývoj a implementaci pluginu. Dále práce popisuje proces testování a~plány budoucího vývoje pluginu.

Dr Math is a math tutoring service implemented on the chat application Mxit. The service allows school learners to use their mobile phones to discuss mathematicsrelated topics with human tutors. Using the broad user-base provided by Mxit, the Dr Math service has grown to consist of tens of thousands of registered school learners. The tutors on the service are all volunteers and the learners far outnumber the available tutors at any given time. School learners on the service use a shorthand language-form called microtext, to phrase their queries. Microtext is an informal form of language which consists of a variety of misspellings and symbolic representations, which emerge spontaneously as a result of the idiosyncrasies of a learner. The specific form of microtext found on the Dr Math service contains mathematical questions and example equations, pertaining to the tutoring process. Deciphering the queries, to discover their embedded mathematical content, slows down the tutoring process. This wastes time that could have been spent addressing more learner queries. The microtext language thus creates an unnecessary burden on the tutors. This study describes the development of an automated process for the translation of Dr Math microtext queries into mathematical equations. Using the design science research paradigm as a guide, three artefacts are developed. These artefacts take the form of a construct, a model and an instantiation. The construct represents the creation of new knowledge as it provides greater insight into the contents and structure of the language found on a mobile mathematics tutoring service. The construct serves as the basis for the creation of a model for the translation of microtext queries into mathematical equations, formatted for display in an electronic medium. No such technique currently exists and therefore, the model contributes new knowledge. To validate the model, an instantiation was created to serve as a proof-of-concept. The instantiation applies various concepts and techniques, such as those related to natural language processing, to the learner queries on the Dr Math service. These techniques are employed in order to translate an input microtext statement into a mathematical equation, structured by using mark-up language. The creation of the instantiation thus constitutes a knowledge contribution, as most of these techniques have never been applied to the problem of translating microtext into mathematical equations. For the automated process to have utility, it should perform on a level comparable to that of a human performing a similar translation task. To determine how closely related the results from the automated process are to those of a human, three human participants were asked to perform coding and translation tasks. The results of the human participants were compared to the results of the automated process, across a variety of metrics, including agreement, correlation, precision, recall and others. The results from the human participants served as the baseline values for comparison. The baseline results from the human participants were compared with those of the automated process. Krippendorff’s α was used to determine the level of agreement and Pearson’s correlation coefficient to determine the level of correlation between the results. The agreement between the human participants and the automated process was calculated at a level deemed satisfactory for exploratory research and the level of correlation was calculated as moderate. These values correspond with the calculations made as the human baseline. Furthermore, the automated process was able to meet or improve on all of the human baseline metrics. These results serve to validate that the automated process is able to perform the translation at a level comparable to that of a human. The automated process is available for integration into any requesting application, by means of a publicly accessible web service.

Born in 1900 in French West Africa, Malian writer Amadou Hampâté Bâ was one of the towering figures in the literature of twentieth-century Francophone Africa. In Amkoullel, the Fula Boy, Bâ tells in striking detail the story of his youth, which was set against the aftermath of war between the Fula and Toucouleur peoples and the installation of French colonialism. A master storyteller, Bâ recounts pivotal moments of his life, and the lives of his powerful and large family, from his first encounter with the white commandant through the torturous imprisonment of his stepfather and to his forced attendance at French school. He also charts a larger story of life prior to and at the height of French colonialism: interethnic conflicts, the clash between colonial schools and Islamic education, and the central role indigenous African intermediaries and interpreters played in the functioning of the colonial administration. Engrossing and novelistic, Amkoullel, the Fula Boy is an unparalleled rendering of an individual and society under transition as they face the upheavals of colonialism.

This chapter focuses on the Red Shirts protest that took over Bangkok from March to May 2010. In particular, it explores how motorcycle taxi drivers transformed their mobility and invisibility as urban connectors into political tactics, posing a significant challenge to state forces and ridiculing the pretense of state control over the city and its flows. The drivers—to use the words of Oboto, the man who led the largest group of organized motortaxis in the protest—embodied their role as “owners of the map,” holders of an unmatched knowledge of the urban terrain and gatekeepers of its channels. During three months of protest, the drivers emerged as unrelenting and uncontrollable political actors: invaluable allies and dreaded enemies, able to chart the terrain of the protest better than anybody else and move through it, rendering it readable to their allies and opaque to their enemies. Moving through back roads and parking lots, collecting and circulating information and directives, appearing and disappearing in the urban landscape—skills they developed in years of moving through Bangkok’s impenetrable traffic—the drivers managed to raise a formidable challenge to apparently unbeatable state forces.

This chapter considers how discourses around Italian crime films' releases developed in two specific markets: those of Italy and the USA, examining how their differing distribution patterns across these markets resulted in contrasting promotional strategies and critical discourses. Through a wide-ranging survey of newspaper film reviews and publicity campaigns, the chapter charts a marked contrast between the two reception contexts, illustrating the centrality of 'serial' repetition to an understanding of these films' significance in their place of origin. When the films were removed from the concentrated production and release patterns of the Italian filone system, their status as innately serial artefacts failed to register, rendering them laughable peculiarities rather than culturally familiar rituals.

This chapter considers in depth some of the key elements of the new landscape of individualized pensions provision in the UK, reflecting in particular on some of the state’s emerging functions as facilitator, regulator, and provider of defined contribution pensions. It charts how the Pensions Commission’s vision for state-managed defined contribution was subtly marginalized, resulting in an approach which enables and indeed privileges privatized delivery of auto-enrolment, leaving private pensions provision caught between two radically different regulatory regimes, and rendering the state unable to act decisively to protect individual welfare. The chapter also discusses decumulation processes, including the Coalition government’s radical and highly destructive reforms to the annuities market, and the peculiar role played by pensions tax relief—providing a largely ineffective saving incentive, albeit at great expense.

This chapter evaluates ‘Christmas Party’, the first of two stories directed by Alberto Cavalcanti. The story is told from the perspective of teenager Sally O'Hara (Sally Ann Howes) who relates a spooky encounter that she had at a festive gathering. During a game of ‘Sardines’, after spurning the amorous adolescent advances of fellow partygoer Jimmy Watson (Michael Allan), she finds herself in the high attic reaches of the party's large country house setting where she happens upon a weeping child dressed in Victorian clothes. Sally comforts the child, who identifies himself as Francis Kent, and sings him to sleep before returning to the party downstairs, only then realising that she has just seen a ghost. The chapter assesses ‘Christmas Party’ in relation to the very English tradition of the festive ghost story and charts how the rendering of Sally's tale negotiates the territory of adolescent liminality.

In this paper we investigate the stability properties of a single degree of freedom (DoF) haptic display while a virtual viscoelastic object is touched where the viscoelastic object is modeled using the standard linear solid model (also called the Kelvin model). We will demonstrate that this model leads to a discrete-time PID control-like representation of the virtual environment. A detailed dynamic analysis and simulations are presented in this paper with a particular attention to determine stability charts in the space of the parameters given by the virtual viscoelastic model.

Abstract Damage in gas turbine engines can accumulate from multiple damage mechanisms including creep, fatigue, and oxidation. Each damage mechanism is influenced by various parameters which typically occur during different portions of engine operation. For instance, fatigue is influenced by large stress/strain ranges that occur during startup and shutdown transient conditions while creep is affected by sustained stress and temperature at dwell conditions. In some cases, the maximum damage location for one mechanism could experience negligible contribution in damage from any other mechanism, but in most cases, there is some degree of influence from two or three mechanisms. In those instances, damage will accumulate at various rates during separate portions of operation under different damage mechanisms. Since some applications require engines to dwell for long periods of time while other applications favor more frequent cycling, every engine will accumulate damage differently at each location. Therefore, it is difficult to estimate which location is critical to durability, rendering it necessary to capture all possible critical locations so that damage can be estimated for each application. This paper suggests a method by which to visualize and select critical locations based on all possible customer use scenarios. Once critical locations are identified, a Reduced Order Model (ROM) can be generated for each point of interest and damage can be estimated and monitored using data collection. Damage mechanisms can be combined if micromechanistic affects are additive, the material response compounds, or the material properties evolve with time. Examples of each case are demonstrated. In addition, the visual representation of damage interaction allows for uncertainty to be visualized and implemented to rank location criticality.