Dissertationen zum Thema „Chaperones d'histone“
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Yettou, Guillaume. „Rôle de la chaperonne d'histone DAXX dans le maintien et l'établissement de l'hétérochromatine“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe functional role of pericentromeric heterochromatin transcripts remains largely unknown in higher eukaryotes. Nevertheless, it has been shown that these transcripts are subject to very precise control, depending on the cell cycle. Regulation of transcription is tightly controlled by chromatin structure that can be modified locally by changing the biochemical composition of the nucleosome, including the use of histone variants. The aim of my thesis was to better understand the role of the histone chaperone protein DAXX and its histone variant H3.3 in the regulation of transcription of pericentromeric repeats. By the method of TAP-TAG purification, DAXX specific partners were identified from soluble nuclear extracts of murine embryonic fibroblasts. These analyzes revealed that CAF-1, classically associated with H3.1, and the chromatin remodeling factors, ATRX and CHD4, specifically interact with DAXX. The role of these proteins in the control of transcription of pericentromeric heterochromatin was then highlighted by an approach combining RNAi and Q-PCR. Finally, the results strongly suggest that these regulatory mechanisms take place at PML nuclear bodies. Taken together, these data show that there is a spatio-temporal regulation of the fine structure of chromatin regulates transcription of pericentromeric heterochromatin
Ignatyeva, Maria. „Identification et caractérisation de HIRIP3 comme nouveau chaperon d'histone H2A“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe genome of eukaryotic cells is packaged into chromatin, which establishment and maintenance require mechanisms of assembly and remodelling. This thesis work was dedicated to the characterization of two factors of chromatin assembly machinery. The first factor studied in this work was HIRIP3, a mammalian homologue of yeast H2A.Z chaperone Chz1. We aimed to test whether HIRIP3 is a histone chaperone by itself. At first, we established HIRIP3 interaction with histones in vivo. After then, we studied the structural specificity of this interaction in vitro. We have characterized HIRIP3 as a novel H2A histone chaperone that utilizes the CHZ motif for its function. The second part of this work was focused on SRCAP chromatin remodelling complex. We aimed to decipher its interaction network and to describe its sub-complexes. We have reconstituted YL1, SRCAP, TIP49A, TIP49B and H2A.Z/H2B core complex using baculovirus expression system. Our protocol allowed us to purify core complex suitable for future structural studies by cryo-electron microscopy
Obri, Arnaud. „Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la variante d'histone H2AZ“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912335.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBakail, May. „Ciblage des chaperons d'histone par une stratégie peptidomimétique“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS388.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleASF1 is a histone H3-H4 chaperone implicated in several cancers. Like many proteins, this chaperone mediates its cellular functions through protein-protein interactions involving various protein partners. The present thesis focuses on the development of an original strategy to design inhibitory peptides targeting such disease-associated type of biological interactions. This rational and iterative strategy relies on the tethering of binding epitopes isolated from different partners, and stabilized by “anchor” residues that engage large number of atomic contacts with the target. The further progression of this approach toward a peptidomimetic strategy overcomes obstacles commonly associated to the therapeutic use of peptides such as biodisponibility and half-life. Applied for targeting ASF1, such method allowed the conception of a peptide, ip4, presenting a 3nM affinity for its target, which is 3000 fold higher than that of the natural partner H3. This peptide could be successfully mimicked by an oligourea structure, giving rise to the peptidomimetic if3. When coupled to a cleavable Cell Penetrating Peptide, these inhibitors displayed an on-target effect where they impeded cancerous cells proliferation, ultimately resulting in cells death
Agez, Morgane. „ETUDE STRUCTURALE ET FONCTIONNELLE DE LA PROTEINE CHAPERON D'HISTONES ASF1“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268886.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAgez, Morgane. „Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine chaperon d'histones Asf1“. Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268886.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiebold, Marie-laure. „Etude biochimique, structurale et fonctionnelle du complexe chaperonne d'histone/facteur d'élongation Spt6/Iws1“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819618.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiebold, Marie-Laure. „Etude biochimique, structurale et fonctionnelle du complexe chaperonne d'histone/facteur d'élongation Spt6/Iws1“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProduction of functional messenger RNA (mRNA) requires a complex mechanism that couples transcription with maturation and export of the mRNA. In addition to this mechanism, chromatin needs to be unwound to allow the transcription machinery access the DNA, this unwinding being also highly regulated. Thus, production of a functional mRNA requires a huge number of factors implicated in these different processes. Among these proteins Spt6 and Iws1 are participating in the mechanism of transcription, chromatin unwinding, and maturation and export of the mRNA. The work carried out during this thesis has enabled the biochemical, structural and functional characterization of these proteins, their complex and their interaction with other effectors of transcription. This work has specifically enabled the molecular and functional characterization (i) of the recruitment of Spt6 by RNA polymerase II and (ii) of the formation of the Spt6/Iws1 complex. Moreover, this work has identified putative new partners of Spt6, not ably the elongation factor TFIIS. Thus, our work has highlighted the essential and complex role of Spt6 and Iws1 during the production of functional mRNA, and has also enabled future studies of the complexes formed by these two proteins with other transcriptional factors
Szenker, Emmanuelle. „Etude des variants de l'histoire H3 : H3.2 et H3.3, au cours du développement embryonnaire d'un vertébré, Xenopus laevis“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836233.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCorpet, Armelle. „Rôle des protéines chaperons d'histones ASF1A et ASF1B humaines dans le maintien de l'organisation du génome“. Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066181.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImbeault, David. „Rôle du chaperon d'histones Rtt106 dans les modulations de la chromatine associées à la transcription des gènes“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27662/27662.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiu, Danni. „Rôle des chaperons d’histones dans la réplication et la réparation de l’ADN“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn eukaryotes, chromatin carries both, the genetic and epigenetic information. Mechanisms implicated in maintenance of these information during cell division or DNA repair remain poorly understood and they constitute the main issue of this thesis project. More specifically, the goal of the project is to understand how histone chaperones coordinate their action with partners associated with the replication fork to recognize and preserve the epigenetic marks carried by parental histones and to copy on the newly synthesized histones. The work unravels how ASF1 (Anti-Silencing Function 1) cooperates with the CAF-1 complex (Chromatin Assembly Factor 1) and with the replicative helicase subunit MCM2 (Mini Chromosome Maintenance 2), for the management of H3-H4 histones in DNA replication and repair.Moreover, this thesis investigates the regulation of histone chaperones activities by kinases activated after a replicative stress or DNA damage. In particular, we analyzed the consequences of ASF1 phosphorylation by the enzyme called TLK (Tousled like kinase). The activity of TLK is modulated during the cell cycle and after DNA damage. Characterization of the importance of phosphorylated sites on the chaperone binding properties, allows a better understanding of the role played by different forms of ASF1 in the assembly of histones on DNA and maintenance of epigenetic information. The thesis work included biochemical and structural analysis with a combination of different techniques (SEC-MALS, AUC, ITC, NMR, X-ray crystallography) and functional analysis in cellular models
Clement, Camille. „Rôle du chaperon d'histone ASF1 dans le recyclage des histones parentales pendant la réplication de l'ADN“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. https://theses.hal.science/tel-02518693.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn eukaryotes, DNA wraps around proteins called histones to form chromatin. This structure allows, first, the compaction of the genome in the nucleus, but also the regulation of its expression. Indeed, histones can be a source of information referred to as “epigenetic”: they exist under different forms, histone variants, and can have post-translational modifications. The presence of these variants and modifications organizes the genome into domains with different transcriptional status.DNA replication destabilizes chromatin structure and, therefore, represents a challenge for the cell, which must duplicate its genetic material while also transmitting its epigenetic landscape in order to maintain its identity. In this context, recycling parental histones is essential to faithfully transmit histone variants and their modifications.During my PhD, I tried to address the question: how are the histone variants H3.1 and H3.3 recycled during DNA replication? In particular, I investigated the role of the histone chaperone Anti-Silencing Function 1 (ASF1) in this process.My approach was to develop a super-resolution microscopy technique (STORM) to visualize parental histone variants precisely at replication sites. Using this technology, I could study the impact of ASF1 depletion on the recycling of parental histones, and further our understanding of fundamental mechanisms that transmit epigenetic information
Nowak, Agnieszka. „Étude structurale de la protéine Nurf55 : une chaperonne d'histone et une sous-unité de Polycomb Repressive Complex 2“. Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10194.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePolycomb genes (PcG) were first discovered by genetic screens in D. Melanogaster, where they act as repressors of key developmental genes, known as homeotic genes. The protein products of PcG genes form large multi protein complexes, called Polycomb Repressive Complexes, which regulate the expression of target genes via modification of the local chromatin structure and probably via direct interaction with the transcription machinery. The objective of the project described here was structural characterization of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which has a histone methyltransferase activity specific for lysine 27 of histone H3. Ln this manuscript 1 present a high resolution X¬ray structure (1. 7 Â) of one of the PRC2 subunits, the histone-chaperone Nurf55, in complex with a fragment of histone H4. The importance of individual interactions observed in the crystal structure was confirmed by ITC measurements with mutant Nurf55 proteins and mutant H4 peptides. Additionally, a novel interaction between Nurf55 and the N¬terminal tail of histone H3 has been characterized. This interaction is mediated by two binding sites on the surface of Nurf55, one of which overlaps with the H4 binding site. Based on these observations we propose a model of how Nurf55 may bind the dimer of histones H31H4 and perform its role of a histone chaperone. We also found out that in the context of the PRC2 Nurf55 interacts with the N-terminal part ofanother subunit of the complex, protein Su(z)12 and that this interaction is mediated by the same binding pocket of Nurf55"which also mediates the binding of the H4 and H3 peptides
Salem, Hatem. „Role de DAXX et de CAF-1 dans le ciblage de l'histone H3.3 au chromosome X et aux elements répétés“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe histone chaperone DAXX targets H3.3 to pericentric and telomeric heterochromatin in a replication independent manner. The mechanism that ensures appropriate recruitement of DAXX to heterochromatic region is largely unknown. Using proteomic and buochemical approaches, we show that in addition to the well-known ATRX/H3.3 complex, DAXX forms an alternative complex with CAF-1, ADNP, HP1 and trim28. DAXX physically interact with the C-terminus of CAF1-p150 subunit through its N-terminal domain. The DAXX SIM domain was found to be essential for targeting DAXX to PML-NBs, for the recruitment of CAF-1 to heterochromatin. Our genomic date further revealed that DAXX targets CAF-1 to X-chromosome and repetitive elements. Inactivation of DAXX results in major depletion of CAF-1 from X-chromosome SINEs and LINEs. Our data point to a novel function of DAXX and CAF-1 in targeting H3.3 to X-chromosome
Shuaib, Muhammad. „Mécanisme épigénétique impliqué dans la déposition de CENP-A aux centromeres“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845987.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTouzeau, Amandine. „Identification du chaperon d'histones Spt16 acteur essentiel des réarrangements du génome et méthylation des adénines chez Paramecium tetraurelia“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/TOUZEAU_Amandine_1_va_20180925.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn eukaryotes, chromatin organization is required for the regulation of gene expression and genome stability. Ciliate provide excellent model to study mechanisms involved in maintain of genome integrity. Our study model, the unicellular eukaryote Paramecium tetraurelia, has the particularity to eliminate massively and reproducibly 30% of germinal DNA sequences during the development of the somatic macronucleus after sexual events. Those sequences are eliminated by a multi-step process involving small RNA-directed heterochromatin formation followed by DNA excision by the domesticated transposase Piggy Mac (Pgm) and DNA repair. Molecular mechanisms underlying the specific recognition of those germinal sequences in chromatin context and the precision of the excision, remain elusive. The histone chaperone Spt16, associated to its partner Pob3, is part of the heterodimeric complex FACT (FAcilitates Chromatin Transactions). FACT is implicated in many mechanisms involving DNA metabolism such as transcription, repair, replication or chromatin accessibility. In P. tetraurelia, we identified two homologous proteins to Spt16 and Pob3 expressed only during macronucleus development at the time when genome rearrangements occur. Spt16-1 and Pob3-1 fused to GFP are localized in developing macronuclei. We showed that Spt16-1 is required to obtain a viable sexual progeny. Genome re-sequencing after SPT16-1 inactivation showed that Spt16-1 was required for all DNA elimination events and leads to similar phenotypes and defects to those obtained after PGM inactivation. Spt16-1 acts downstream of small RNA-directed heterochromatin formation and upstream of Pgm. We showed that Spt16-1 was required for the correct localization of Pgm responsible for DNA double strand breaks in developing macronuclei. We proposed a model in which Spt16-1 mediates interaction between chromatin and excision machinery that facilitates access to DNA cleavage sites for the Pgm endonuclease. Adenine DNA methylation, well known in bacteria for its role in restriction modification system, has been described during the last two years in several eukaryotes but in low proportion in the genome. However, its role in eukaryotes remains elusive. Previous analyses by chromatography with radio labelled nucleotides detected around 2,5% of methylated adenine in P. tetraurelia but its precise localization and role have never been analyzed. It has been proposed that this modification could mark with precision the excision sites during genome rearrangements when part of the eliminated sequences carry AT boundaries. The abundance of methylated adenine makes of Paramecium an excellent model to study this modification. Combining immunofluorescence techniques, HPLC-MS and sequencing, we described the presence and the cellular localization during life cycle of 6mA in P. tetraurelia. Those approaches allowed us to show that methylated cytosine are absent in Paramecium. We showed that methylation is mainly found in the somatic genome and transiently in germinal genome. It appears during somatic macronucleus development when genome rearrangements occur. Those preliminary results will allow us to pursue the study of adenine methylation by identifying responsible enzymes and its role in the cell
Adam, Salomé. „Dynamique des variants de l'histone H3 en réponse aux dommages de l'ADN induits par les UVC dans les cellules humaines“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066288/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn eukaryotic cells, the DNA damage response involves a reorganization of chromatin structure. This structure, in which DNA is associated with histone proteins, conveys the epigenetic information, which is critical for cell identity. However, we are still far from understanding the mechanisms underlying chromatin dynamics in response to DNA damage, which challenges both the structural and functional integrity of chromatin architecture. During my PhD, I thus decided to explore this issue in human cells, by deciphering the dynamics of histone H3 variants and their dedicated chaperones in response to UVC lesions. By combining local UVC irradiation with an innovative technology that allows specific tracking of parental and newly synthesized histones, I revealed that the histone chaperone HIRA (Histone Regulator A) is recruited early to UVC-damaged chromatin regions, where it promotes local deposition of new histone H3.3 variant and facilitates transcription recovery upon repair completion. We also demonstrated that old H3 histones are initially redistributed around the damaged chromatin zone, this conservative redistribution requiring the UVC damage sensor DDB2 (DNA Damage Binding protein 2). Later in the repair process, most parental histones recover and mix with newly deposited histones in repairing chromatin regions. The recovery of pre-existing histones may contribute to preserve the integrity of the epigenetic information conveyed by chromatin before genotoxic stress
Brachet, Elsa. „Intégrité de la chromatine au cours de la réparation des cassures doubles brins méiotiques chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066173.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring meiosis, hundreds of programmed double strand breaks (DSB) are generated and repaired by homologous recombination. Meiotic DSB can be repaired by two major alternative pathways, which generate either crossing-over (CO) or non-crossing-over (NCO) products. The choice between the two repair pathways is tightly controlled to ensure sufficient and accurate CO formation. The chromatin environment could play a crucial role in this process that has not been elucidated yet. Little information is available about the importance of chromatin factors for meiotic recombination. The aim of my PhD was to study chromatin factors necessary for chromatin dynamic during meiotic recombination. I have shown that CAF-1 (Chromatin Assembly Factor 1) and Hir (Histone Regulator), two chaperone proteins that are able to incorporate histones into chromatin, associate with DSB sites during meiotic recombination. CAF-1 and Hir deletion have no effect on the outcome of meiosis and CO formation. However, by genome-wide recombination studies, I have observed that the absence of CAF-1 histone chaperone results in a slight decrease in CO interference. The result suggests that CAF-1 could be one of the factors regulating DNA repair during meiotic recombination. Finally, I have also studied another H3/H4 chaperone, Asf1 (Anti-silencing Function1). Asf1 deletion gives rise to a defect in meiotic progression and spore formation. This work helps to better understand the impact of chromatin on meiotic repair and the role of chromatin assembly factors
Cohen, Camille. „Rôle des corps nucléaires PML et des chaperons de l’histone H3.3 dans la chromatinisation du génome du virus Herpès Simplex 1 pendant la latence“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1208.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHerpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) latency establishment is tightly controlled by PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) although their exact implication is still elusive. A hallmark of HSV-1 latency is the interaction between latent viral genomes and PML-NBs leading to the formation of viral DNA-containing PML-NBs (vDCP-NBs). Using a replication defective HSV-1 infected human primary fibroblast model reproducing the formation of vDCP-NBs, combined with an IF-FISH approach developed to detect latent HSV-1, we show that vDCP-NBs contain both histone H3.3 and its chaperone complexes, i.e. the DAXX/ATRX and the HIRA complex. HIRA was also detected co-localizing with vDCP-NBs present in trigeminal ganglia neurons from HSV-1 infected WT mice. ChIP-qPCR performed on fibroblasts stably expressing tagged H3.3 or H3.1 show that latent HSV1 genomes are chromatinized almost exclusively with H3.3. Depletion of single proteins from the H3.3 chaperone complexes only mildly affects H3.3 deposition on the latent HSV1 genome. In contrast, absence of PML significantly impacts on the chromatinization of the latent genomes with H3.3 without replacement with H3.1. Consequently, the study demonstrates a specific epigenetic regulation of latent HSV-1 through an H3.3-dependent HSV-1 chromatinization involving both H3.3 chaperones DAXX/ATRX and HIRA complexes. Additionally, the study reveals that PML-NBs are major actors of the latent HSV-1 H3.3 chromatinization through a PML-NBs/histone H3.3/H3.3 chaperones axis
Assrir, Nadine. „Analyse des intéractions moléculaires entre deux protéines liant des histones, HIRA et HIRIP3 (HIRA-interacting protein 3) et leur partenaires respectifs, la protéine chaperon d'histones Asf1 et la sérine-thréonine kinase CK2“. Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA11T048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHorvat, Tomislav. „Chromatin dynamics and replication fork progression in mamals“. Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSyed, Sajad Hussain. „Interaction entre H1 et le nucléosome : cartographie à haute résolution et organisation tri-dimensionnel du complexe“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10325.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work we have been able to dissect how histone H1 interacts with the nucleosomal DNA and to understand how this interaction leads to the spatial organization of the nucleosomal templates. We have solved this long-stayed problem in the field thanks to the use of: (i) physiologically relevant linker histone chaperone NAP-1 assisted deposition of histone H1, (ii) 601 DNA sequence for reconstitution a strongly positioned nucleosomes, (iii) a combination of electron cryo-microscopy with OH0 footprinting techniques and, (iv) Coarse-grain DNA mechanics. The one base pair resolution mapping by OH0 footprinting showed that the globular domain of histone H1 (GH1) interacts, through the minor groove of DNA, with 10 bp localized symmetrically to the nucleosomal dyad. In addition, GH1 organizes nearly one helical turn of DNA from both linkers of the nucleosome. A row of seven AA (120-127) of the COOH-terminus of histone H1 was required for the formation of the stem structure of the linker
Tripathi, Vivek. „Role of ASF1 in histone deposition during replication“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ036/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSyed, Sajad Hussain. „Interaction entre H1 et le nucléosome: cartographie à haute résolution et organisation tri-dimentionnelle du complexe“. Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441373.
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