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Walczak, Natalia, Zbigniew Walczak und Jakub Nieć. „Assessment of the Resistance Value of Trash Racks at a Small Hydropower Plant Operating at Low Temperature“. Energies 13, Nr. 7 (07.04.2020): 1775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071775.
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Trash racks are the first element mounted in inlet channels of hydraulic structures. Their primary task is to capture coarse pollutants flowing in the riverbed/river channel and protect water facilities downstream. With the use of these devices, it is possible to separate coarse suspended matter, branches carried with the current, floating plastic elements, etc., which undoubtedly contributes to a trouble-free flow through culverts or channels and prevents hydroelectric power plant turbines from failure. An important issue here is also to ensure the proper operation of trash racks, particularly in respect of hydraulic structures whose task is to convert water energy into electricity (hydropower plants). Proper operation of trash racks minimizes losses arising from obstructing the free flow of water through accumulated waste or, in the wintertime, through icing. Incorrect work in this area entails specific head losses, and consequently leads to economic harm. In the paper, the resistance values of trash racks were analyzed at small hydropower plants (SHPs) operating at low temperatures, determined under laboratory conditions, with the occurrence of frazil ice and ice. The results indicate that the added ice into the channel resulted in the formation of a cover in front of the trash racks with an average thickness of about 0.02 m. The accumulated ice increased the head losses up to 14%. The range of the ice cover depended on the weight added ice and reached 0.6 m in analyzed cases.
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Tsikata, Jonathan M., Mark F. Tachie und Christos Katopodis. „Open-channel turbulent flow through bar racks“. Journal of Hydraulic Research 52, Nr. 5 (30.07.2014): 630–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2014.928805.
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Carleton, M. G., und J. S. Nielsen. „A Study of Trash and Trash Interception Devices“. Water Science and Technology 22, Nr. 10-11 (01.10.1990): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0318.
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The composition of trash found in urban stormwater runoff was analysed following its collection by a trash rack and two floating booms in Sydney, Australia. Basically garden refuse, plastic and paper products were the main components of the trash collected. The effectiveness of trash interception devices was examined using results of field trials. For various flow velocities, widths of channel or river, storm-related loads and cleansing frequency the choice of trash racks or booms can be made. Testing of a range of trash rack designs was performed in the laboratory with the principal aim of preventing rack blockages. Whilst both spacing between bars and the angle of inclination of the rack were related to self cleansing, ultimate blockage could not be prevented for the configuration tested. Either the racks should be designed to allow for overtopping when blocked or booms be used, despite their lesser efficiency.
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Lemkecher, Fatma, Ludovic Chatellier, Dominique Courret und Laurent David. „Contribution of Different Elements of Inclined Trash Racks to Head Losses Modeling“. Water 12, Nr. 4 (29.03.2020): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12040966.
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Low bar spacing trash racks have been widely investigated in order to guide fish toward bypasses. In addition to this biological function, the formulae to predict head losses, for hydropower plants, are still being discussed. This paper investigates and models the global head losses generated by inclined trash racks with six different bar shapes and two different supports, in an open channel for six angles and two low bar spacings. The girders that supported the trash racks were U-shaped and different profile shapes. In addition to the previously studied rectangular and “hydrodynamic” bars, four new bar shapes, combining different leading and trailing edges, were investigated. Water depths were measured upstream and downstream of the rack for each configuration, and head loss coefficients were characterized and modeled. Three of these new bar shapes generated lower head losses than the hydrodynamic bar shape. The most efficient bar profile reduced the shape coefficient by 40% compared to the hydrodynamic profile and by 67% compared to the conventional rectangular profile. Concerning the supports, the use of a profiled girder to replace a conventional U-shaped girder also significantly reduced the head losses. The addition of the girder effect in a global formula increased its accuracy in predicting head losses of inclined trash racks upstream of hydropower plants.
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Walczak, Natalia. „Operational Evaluation of a Small Hydropower Plant in the Context of Sustainable Development“. Water 10, Nr. 9 (22.08.2018): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091114.
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Proper design of hydrotechnical structures should meet the basic principles of sustainable development, i.e., the investment should be designed and made in technical terms, in accordance with the applicable standards and regulations, provide certain economic benefits and guarantee the absence of environmental hazards. The article examines the work of a Small Hydropower Plant (SHP) in Jaracz in technical and hydraulic terms. It also provides the analysis of the effect of changes in parameters such as water head, flow rate velocity, and shape of trash rack bars on expected SHP profits. The assessment of hydraulic performance consisted of investigating the impact of reduced flow rate and water head on power output and energy production. The analyses were carried out for the Francis turbine installed in the facility. Since the loss of channel capacity is shaped by plant debris accumulated on trash racks, the hydraulic performance assessment was extended to include the analysis of the species and weight composition of such accumulation on fine trash racks located in the inlet channel. Field research involved collecting organic material from the growing season (spring, summer) and post-growing season (autumn). Technical conditions were developed on the basis of the current technical condition of the inlet channel; there were also made simulations of its deteriorating state, as well as its impact on the received energy and economic benefits.
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Yang, Jianglong, Li Zhou und Huwei Liu. „Hybrid genetic algorithm-based optimisation of the batch order picking in a dense mobile rack warehouse“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 4 (05.04.2021): e0249543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249543.
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The utilization of a storage space can be considerably improved by using dense mobile racks. However, it is necessary to perform an optimisation study on the order picking to reduce the time cost as much as possible. According to the channel location information that needs to be sorted, the multiple orders are divided into different batches by using hierarchical clustering. On this basis, a mathematical model for the virtual order clusters formed in the batches is established to optimize the order cluster picking and rack position movement, with the minimum picking time as the objective. For this model, a hybrid genetic algorithm is designed, and the characteristics of the different examples and solution algorithms are further analysed to provide a reference for the solution of the order picking optimisation problem in a dense mobile rack warehouse.
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Yu, Shao Feng, und Yao Ge. „Stability Study on Perforated Columns in Steel Storage Racks under Axial Compression“. Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (Dezember 2011): 889–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.889.
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Steel storage rack structures have always been the mainly used type of those cold-formed thin-walled steel elements. Recently, it becomes more important to study its stability and bearing capacity. This paper selects a typical type of rack column-channel column and performs lots of analyzing work about overall buckling, local buckling and distortional buckling of perforated columns with different openings by using the finite element method.
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Stuart, Ivor G., John D. Koehn, Tim A. O'Brien, John A. McKenzie und Gerry P. Quinn. „Too close for comfort: a fishway exit and a hydro-power station inlet“. Marine and Freshwater Research 61, Nr. 1 (2010): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08340.
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A major environmental issue for hydro-electric power generation is passage of fish through turbines, or entrainment onto trash racks. At Yarrawonga Weir, on the upper Murray River in south-eastern Australia, the positioning of a fish lock resulted in the potential for upstream migrating fish to be swept back into the adjacent power station by cross flows. In 2004, a 4.5-m long steel extension flume was attached to the exit to alleviate this problem. To determine the fate of native fish after exiting the extension flume, 72 individuals (305–1015 mm long) were implanted with radio-transmitters and released into the fish lock exit channel. In 2004 (power station inflows 10 300 ML day–1), the majority of fish exited successfully (44 of 45) and only a single fish (2%) was entrained into the power station. In 2005 (power station inflows 12 000 ML day–1), fish again exited successfully (26 of 27) but with a higher proportion entrained (5 of 27; 18%). This reduced success appeared to be related to strong transverse flows with high water velocities adjacent to the fish lock exit. The efficiency of fish passage at this site might be improved by altering water management strategies, integrating engineering and fish biology, and through field-testing of proposed solutions.
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Amaral, Stephen V., Benjamin S. Coleman, Jenna L. Rackovan, Kelly Withers und Benjamin Mater. „Survival of fish passing downstream at a small hydropower facility“. Marine and Freshwater Research 69, Nr. 12 (2018): 1870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18123.
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Hydropower dams can negatively affect upstream and downstream migratory fish populations in many ways, such as blocking access to upstream habitats and causing injuries or mortality during downstream passage. For downstream passage at projects in the USA, federal regulators and agencies responsible for oversight of hydropower facilities typically require assessment studies and mitigation to address negative effects, with a primary goal of minimising fish impingement and turbine entrainment and mortality. So as to assess the effects of downstream passage of fish populations at a unique, small hydro project on the Mississippi River, impingement and entrainment rates, Oberymeyer gate passage, spillway gate passage, turbine survival, and total downstream passage survival were estimated. It was determined that 85% of fish passing downstream at the project would be small enough to pass through the bar spacing of the trash racks and 15% would be physically excluded. When 55% of river flow enters the turbine intake channel, the total project survival rates were estimated to be 77.3% with an Obermeyer gate bypass rate of 10 and 96.6% with a gate bypass rate of 90%. Therefore, any effects on local fish populations resulting from the operation of the project are expected to be negligible and inconsequential on the basis of expected survival rates for the range and probability of river flows occurring at the project.
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BARRITT, Greg J. „Receptor-activated Ca2+ inflow in animal cells: a variety of pathways tailored to meet different intracellular Ca2+ signalling requirements“. Biochemical Journal 337, Nr. 2 (08.01.1999): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3370153.
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Receptor-activated Ca2+ channels (RACCs) play a central role in regulation of the functions of animal cells. Together with voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCCs) and ligand-gated non-selective cation channels, RACCs provide a variety of pathways by which Ca2+ can be delivered to the cytoplasmic space and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in order to initiate or maintain specific types of intracellular Ca2+ signal. Store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs), which are activated by a decrease in Ca2+ in the ER, are a major subfamily of RACCs. A careful analysis of the available data is required in order to discern the different types of RACCs (differentiated chiefly on the basis of ion selectivity and mechanism of activation) and to properly develop hypotheses for structures and mechanisms of activation. Despite much intensive research, the structures and mechanisms of activation of RACCs are only now beginning to be understood. In considering the physiological functions of the different RACCs, it is useful to consider the specificity for Ca2+ of each type of cation channel and the rate at which Ca2+ flows through a single open channel; the locations of the channels on the plasma membrane (in relation to the ER, cytoskeleton and other intracellular units of structure and function); the Ca2+-responsive enzymes and proteins; and the intracellular buffers and proteins that control the distribution of Ca2+ in the cytoplasmic space. RACCs which are non-selective cation channels can deliver Ca2+ directly to specific regions of the cytoplasmic space, and can also admit Na+, which induces depolarization of the plasma membrane, the opening of VOCCs and the subsequent inflow of Ca2+. SOCs appear to deliver Ca2+ specifically to the ER, thereby maintaining oscillating Ca2+ signals.
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Fajer, Maria. „Changes in river channel pattern as a result of the construction, operation and decommissioning of watermills – the case of the middle reach of the River Liswarta near Krzepice, Poland“. Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 6, Nr. 1 (01.03.2018): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2018-0004.
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AbstractChanges in river channel pattern in the middle reach of the River Liswarta and in the lower reaches of its tributaries near Krzepice were analysed, and were related to the construction, operation and decommissioning of watermills. For this purpose, old maps which covered the period from the beginning of the 18th century until the 20th century were used alongside written historical sources. Maps from the first half of the 19th century provided valuable source material. Traces of old mill water systems in the valley floor were analysed on the basis of a numerical terrain model and aerial photographs as well as on the basis of detailed geomorphological mapping. The research made it possible to determine the locations of former mills mentioned in written historical sources and also changes in the course of river channels related to mill construction. It was found that some reaches of the River Liswarta channel and the estuary reach of its tributary River Bieszcza were in fact old mill races. These mill races account for around 31% of the length of the river channel reaches analysed. Analysis of old maps indicated that in the 19th century, the River Liswarta near Krzepice had multiple channels. This development of the River Liswarta channel was not only the result of natural geological, geomorphological and climate conditions, but also the product of watermill construction, since some channels within this network were artificial canals, including mill races. As a result of the construction of mill races, river channel reaches ranging from 1 to 2.5 km in length were shifted. Of the mills studied, as many as 80% ceased to exist in different parts of the period covered by the research. Traces of some of them can still be found in the form of ruins of foundations or of a water system with the remains of hydraulic structures, while some have only left their mark on the river channel pattern.
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Parmentier, Frans-Jan W., Lennart Nilsen, Hans Tømmervik und Elisabeth J. Cooper. „A distributed time-lapse camera network to track vegetation phenology with high temporal detail and at varying scales“. Earth System Science Data 13, Nr. 7 (29.07.2021): 3593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3593-2021.
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Abstract. Near-surface remote sensing techniques are essential monitoring tools to provide spatial and temporal resolutions beyond the capabilities of orbital methods. This high level of detail is especially helpful to monitor specific plant communities and to accurately time the phenological stages of vegetation – which satellites can miss by days or weeks in frequently clouded areas such as the Arctic. In this paper, we describe a measurement network that is distributed across varying plant communities in the high Arctic valley of Adventdalen on the Svalbard archipelago with the aim of monitoring vegetation phenology. The network consists of 10 racks equipped with sensors that measure NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), soil temperature, and moisture as well as time-lapse RGB cameras (i.e. phenocams). Three additional time-lapse cameras are placed on nearby mountains to provide an overview of the valley. We derived the vegetation index GCC (green chromatic channel) from these RGB photos, which has similar applications as NDVI but at a fraction of the cost of NDVI imaging sensors. To create a robust time series for GCC, each set of photos was adjusted for unwanted movement of the camera with a stabilizing algorithm that enhances the spatial precision of these measurements. This code is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4554937 (Parmentier, 2021) and can be applied to time series obtained with other time-lapse cameras. This paper presents an overview of the data collection and processing and an overview of the dataset that is available at https://doi.org/10.21343/kbpq-xb91 (Nilsen et al., 2021). In addition, we provide some examples of how these data can be used to monitor different vegetation communities in the landscape.
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Isacson, Christina Kaldany, Qing Lu, Richard H. Karas und Daniel H. Cox. „RACK1 is a BKCa channel binding protein“. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 292, Nr. 4 (April 2007): C1459—C1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00322.2006.
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The large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, or BKCa channel, plays an important feedback role in a variety of physiological processes, including neurotransmitter release and smooth muscle contraction. Some reports have suggested that this channel forms a stable complex with regulators of its function, including several kinases and phosphatases. To further define such signaling complexes, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to screen a human aorta cDNA library for proteins that bind to the BKCa channel's intracellular, COOH-terminal “tail”. One of the interactors we identified is the protein receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1). RACK1 is a member of the WD40 protein family, which also includes the G protein β-subunits. Consistent with an important role in BKCa-channel regulation, RACK1 has been shown to be a scaffolding protein that interacts with a wide variety of signaling molecules, including cSRC and PKC. We have confirmed the interaction between RACK1 and the BKCa channel biochemically with GST pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. We have observed some co-localization of RACK1 with the BKCa channel in vascular smooth muscle cells with immunocytochemical experiments, and we have found that RACK1 has effects on the BKCa channel's biophysical properties. Thus RACK1 binds to the BKCa channel and it may form part of a BKCa-channel regulatory complex in vascular smooth muscle.
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Surguchev, Alexei, Jun-Ping Bai, Powrnima Joshi und Dhasakumar Navaratnam. „Hair cell BK channels interact with RACK1, and PKC increases its expression on the cell surface by indirect phosphorylation“. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 303, Nr. 2 (15.07.2012): C143—C150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00062.2012.
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Large conductance (BK) calcium activated potassium channels (Slo) are ubiquitous and implicated in a number of human diseases including hypertension and epilepsy. BK channels consist of a pore forming α-subunit (Slo) and a number of accessory subunits. In hair cells of nonmammalian vertebrates these channels play a critical role in electrical resonance, a mechanism of frequency selectivity. Hair cell BK channel clusters on the surface and currents increase along the tonotopic axis and contribute significantly to the responsiveness of these hair cells to sounds of high frequency. In contrast, messenger RNA levels encoding the Slo gene show an opposite decrease in high frequency hair cells. To understand the molecular events underlying this paradox, we used a yeast two-hybrid screen to isolate binding partners of Slo. We identified Rack1 as a Slo binding partner and demonstrate that PKC activation increases Slo surface expression. We also establish that increased Slo recycling of endocytosed Slo is at least partially responsible for the increased surface expression of Slo. Moreover, analysis of several PKC phosphorylation site mutants confirms that the effects of PKC on Slo surface expression are likely indirect. Finally, we show that Slo clusters on the surface of hair cells are also increased by increased PKC activity and may contribute to the increasing amounts of channel clusters on the surface of high-frequency hair cells.
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Odusanya, Ibrahim Abidemi, und Anthony Enisan Akinlo. „Growth effect of income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa: exploring the transmission channels“. International Journal of Management and Economics 56, Nr. 2 (26.05.2020): 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2020-0012.
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AbstractSub-Saharan Africa (SSA) ranks as the second most unequal region globally (in terms of income distribution), harboring 10 of the 19 most unequal countries in the world. This paper explores the channels through which income inequality exerts its effects on economic growth in SSA. The study spans the period 1995–2015, focusing on 31 SSA countries. Findings from the two-step system generalized method of moments suggest that income inequality exerts a significant positive effect on economic growth via the saving transmission channel, while it has a statistically significant negative effect on economic growth in the region through the channels of fertility, credit market imperfection, and fiscal policy.
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Akinboade, Oludele Akinloye, Anrich Daseman, Trevor Taft und Victor M. S. Molobi. „Regulation, Cross Border Migrants and the Choice of Remittance Channels in South Africa“. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, Nr. 2(J) (18.05.2017): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i2(j).1661.
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Remittances have become an increasingly important factor in developing economies. Among others, compliance with onerous regulation requirements discourages the use of formal methods of remittances. The paper discusses results from a survey of the influence of regulation on the choice of migrants’ remittance channels in South Africa. It aims to highlight how regulation affects the choice between formal and informal channels of remitting funds. A questionnaire was administered to collect primary data from migrants seeking documentations from the Department of Home Affairs, those remitting funds at taxi ranks or bus terminals, and those remitting through commercial banks and money transfer operators. 275 responses were analysed using a Likert rating scale format of 1 (highest) to 5 (lowest). Regulatory requirements of documentary evidence are an important factor influencing the choice of the remittance channel used. Documentation requirement in the formal market causes migrants to be ineligible for the formal channels of remittances and is a factor that influences the choice of remittance channel. Restrictive visa requirements could easily push migrants to become illegal aliens which further deny them access to formal remittance channels. The paper adds to the academic literature on the determinants of remittance channels in Africa. Understanding the relevant issues could assist regulatory authorities to restructure the remittance market with a view to encouraging migrant workers to enter the formal financial system.
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Akinboade, Oludele Akinloye, Anrich Daseman, Trevor Taft und Victor M. S. Molobi. „Regulation, Cross Border Migrants and the Choice of Remittance Channels in South Africa“. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, Nr. 2 (18.05.2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i2.1661.
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Remittances have become an increasingly important factor in developing economies. Among others, compliance with onerous regulation requirements discourages the use of formal methods of remittances. The paper discusses results from a survey of the influence of regulation on the choice of migrants’ remittance channels in South Africa. It aims to highlight how regulation affects the choice between formal and informal channels of remitting funds. A questionnaire was administered to collect primary data from migrants seeking documentations from the Department of Home Affairs, those remitting funds at taxi ranks or bus terminals, and those remitting through commercial banks and money transfer operators. 275 responses were analysed using a Likert rating scale format of 1 (highest) to 5 (lowest). Regulatory requirements of documentary evidence are an important factor influencing the choice of the remittance channel used. Documentation requirement in the formal market causes migrants to be ineligible for the formal channels of remittances and is a factor that influences the choice of remittance channel. Restrictive visa requirements could easily push migrants to become illegal aliens which further deny them access to formal remittance channels. The paper adds to the academic literature on the determinants of remittance channels in Africa. Understanding the relevant issues could assist regulatory authorities to restructure the remittance market with a view to encouraging migrant workers to enter the formal financial system.
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Lamorgese, Andrea. „City size, diversification, and income smoothing“. National Institute Economic Review 170 (Oktober 1999): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019917000113.
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This article investigates the mechanisms by which the cities of the United States smooth out fluctuations in their income. Contributions for social security and government transfers (the government channel) take the bulk of smoothing (17 per cent), and intercity mobility ranks high: about 6 per cent of income shocks are smoothed via the choice of working in a city different from the place of residence. The empirical analysis also shows that the various channels of income smoothing operate differently according to the size and the degree of diversification of the city.
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Phillips, Kathryn E., und Will G. Hopkins. „Factors Affecting Cyclists’ Chances of Success in Match-Sprint Tournaments“. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, Nr. 4 (01.04.2019): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0346.
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Purpose: To further the understanding of elite athlete performance in complex race environments by examining the changes in cyclists’ performance between solo time trials and head-to-head racing in match-sprint tournaments. Methods: Analyses were derived from official results of cyclists in 61 elite international sprint tournaments (2000–2016), incorporating the results of 2060 male and 1969 female head-to-head match races. Linear mixed modeling of log-transformed qualification and finish ranks was used to determine estimates of performance predictability as intraclass correlation coefficients. Correlations between qualifying performance and final tournament rank were also calculated. Chances of winning head-to-head races were estimated adjusting for the difference in the cyclists’ qualifying times. All effects were evaluated using magnitude-based inference. Results: Minor differences in predictability between qualification time trial and final tournament rank were suggestive of more competitiveness among men in the overall tournament. Performance in the qualification time trial was strongly correlated with, but not fully indicative of, performance in the overall tournament. Correspondingly, being the faster qualifier had a large positive effect on the chances of winning a head-to-head race, but small substantial differences between riders remained after adjustment for time-trial differentials. Conclusions: The present study provides further insight into how real-world competition data can be used to investigate elite athlete performance in sports where athletes must directly interact with their opponents. For elite match-sprint cyclists, qualifying time-trial performance largely determines success in the overall tournament, but there is evidence of a consistent match-race ability that modifies the chances of winning head-to-head races.
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GIUNTI, MARCO, und VASCO THUDICHUM VASCONCELOS. „Linearity, session types and the Pi calculus“. Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 26, Nr. 2 (10.11.2014): 206–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129514000176.
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We present a type system based on session types that works on a conventional pi calculus. Types are equipped with a constructor that describes the two ends of a single communication channel, this being the only type available for describing the behaviour of channels. Session types, in turn, describe the behaviour of each individual channel end, as usual. A novel notion of typing context split allows for typing processes not typable with extant type systems. We show that our system guarantees that typed processes do not engage in races for linear resources. We assess the expressiveness of the type system by providing three distinct encodings – from the pi calculus with polarized variables, from the pi calculus with accept and request primitives, and from the linear pi calculus – into our system. For each language we present operational and typing correspondences, showing that our system effectively subsumes foregoing works on linear and session types. In the case of the linear pi calculus we also provide a completeness result.
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Kansy, Dawid. „Pick up plan in the case of a shuttle racks warehouse – an optimization approach“. Informatyka Ekonomiczna 2020, Nr. 1(55) (2020): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/ie.2020.1.03.
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The shuttle racks system is dedicated to storing fast-moving goods on homogeneous pallets, while ensuring high efficiency in the use of storage space. The radioshuttle system consist of shuttle channels and a remote controlled transfer trolley. The research problem considered scientifically is to develop the tools to plan collecting products from the location of shuttle racks that guarantee a minimum number of blockages. The linear programming model ensures that the goods are picked up from the shuttle location which minimizes the number of blockages or completely eliminates them. The main aim is to present a method and an algorithm of the shuttle racks system that will plan storage location before storing goods on the racks based on backorders. As a result, goods are located lengthwise in the shuttle tunnel according to the order in linear, discrete programming models. The work presents the model and verifies the basic characteristics of the problems analysed and the solution obtained
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Hiraoka, Leslie S. „The Search Engine as an Internet Service Channel“. International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 1, Nr. 3 (Juli 2010): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jissc.2010070102.
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Development of the search engine as a major information and marketing channel resulted from innovative technologies that made it capable of presenting rapid, relevant responses to queries. To do this, the search engine compiles an index of web pages of information stored on the World Wide Web, ranks each page according to its incoming links, matches keywords in the query to those in its index, and returns what it determines are the most relevant pages to the searcher. Innovative and cost-effective ad placement algorithms have attracted advertisers to search engine websites and intensified the competitive dynamics among industry leaders. Their interacting software also continues to draw advertisers from traditional, mass marketing channels like television and newspapers to the online medium to cater to customers who have expressed an interest in their products and services.
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Reshetnikova, O. P., A. V. Korolev, B. M. Iznairov, A. N. Vasin und K. S. Neigebauer. „Grinding the roller channels in thrust-bearing races“. Russian Engineering Research 35, Nr. 9 (September 2015): 714–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x1509018x.
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Risser, Christoph, Holger Hewener, Marc Fournelle, Heinrich Fonfara, Selina Barry-Hummel, Steffen Weber, Daniel Speicher und Steffen Tretbar. „Real-Time Volumetric Ultrasound Research Platform with 1024 Parallel Transmit and Receive Channels“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 13 (22.06.2021): 5795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135795.
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Volumetric ultrasound imaging is of great importance in many medical fields, especially in cardiology, but also in therapy monitoring applications. For development of new imaging technologies and scanning strategies, it is crucial to be able to use a hardware platform that is as free and flexible as possible and does not restrict the user in his research in any way. For this purpose, multi-channel ultrasound systems are particularly suitable, as they are able to control each individual element of a matrix array without the use of a multiplexer. We set out to develop a fully integrated, compact 1024-channel ultrasound system that provides full access to all transmission parameters and all digitized raw data of each transducer element. For this purpose, we synchronize four research scanners of our latest “DiPhAS” ultrasound research system generation, each with 256 parallel channels, all connected to a single PC on whose GPUs the entire signal processing is performed. All components of the system are housed in a compact, movable 19-inch rack. The system is designed as a general-purpose platform for research in volumetric imaging; however, the first-use case will be therapy monitoring by tracking radiation-sensitive ultrasound contrast agents.
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Carrillo, José M., Luis G. Castillo, Juan T. García und Álvaro Sordo-Ward. „Considerations for the design of bottom intake systems“. Journal of Hydroinformatics 20, Nr. 1 (12.09.2017): 232–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2017.008.
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Abstract Knowing the scarcity of water in the southeast of Spain and how the rain occurs, we considered the design of intake systems in ephemeral riverbeds in order to try to capture part of the runoff flow. The intake systems generally consist of a rack located in the bottom of a river channel, so that the water collected passes down the rack and leads to the side channel. This behaviour has been studied in the laboratory by several researchers. However, due to the many effects that occur on the bars, it is not possible to analyse the whole problem of characterization with traditional methodologies. For instance, the wetted rack length necessary to collect a required flow presents important differences depending on what each author has considered relevant. Computational fluid dynamics simulations have been done to improve the knowledge of the hydraulic phenomenon observed in different laboratory experiences, for which we have previously calibrated the numerical models using laboratory results. The ANSYS CFX code was selected. Several two-equation turbulence models have been considered. The results show differences smaller than 1% in the wetted rack length, and discharge coefficients also present good agreement.
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Sangwongwanich, Patama, und Winai Wongsurawat. „Market entry of over-the-counter nutritional supplement – a case study from Thailand“. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, Nr. 2 (23.06.2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-10-2020-0396.
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Learning Outcomes Teaching objectives are as follows: students need to understand the critical choices involved in introducing a product into a new market, including but not limited to the macroeconomic context, the target consumer segment, the positioning of the product, distribution channels, pricing and promotion strategy. Students must learn to appreciate the importance of anticipating the reaction of incumbents, and how such reactions may determine the success or failure of a new product entry into the market. Students develop skills to analyze complementarities between different distribution channels and understand how investments in developing one channel can result in positive or negative consequences in other channels. Case Overview/Synopsis How can health products such as multivitamins and other nutritional supplements make headway into emerging markets that are moving up the ranks of middle-income economies? This case study investigates the case of Thailand, a country that in the early 1990s registered a per capita income comparable to Vietnam and Laos and Cambodia today. It illustrates, through the real experience of Pat – an executive of a local subsidiary of an American multinational pharmaceutical company – how a new entrant exploited the rapidly changing economic and retailing environment to become a successful player in an important and growing segment of consumer products. Complexity Academic Level This case is suitable for master’s degree students or short-course executives. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.
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Smith, Laura, Paul Litman, Ekta Kohli, Joseph Amick, Richard C. Page, Saurav Misra und Carole M. Liedtke. „RACK1 interacts with filamin-A to regulate plasma membrane levels of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator“. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 305, Nr. 1 (01.07.2013): C111—C120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00026.2013.
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Mutations in cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel in the apical membranes of secretory epithelial cells, underlie the fatal genetic disorder cystic fibrosis. Certain CFTR mutations, including the common mutation ΔF508-CFTR, result in greatly decreased levels of active CFTR at the apical membrane. Direct interactions between CFTR and the cytoskeletal adaptors filamin-A (FlnA) and Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) stabilize the expression and localization of CFTR at the plasma membrane. The scaffold protein receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) also stabilizes CFTR surface expression; however, RACK1 does not interact directly with CFTR and its mechanism of action is unknown. In the present study, we report that RACK1 interacts directly with FlnA in vitro and in a Calu-3 airway epithelial cell line. We mapped the interaction between RACK1 and FlnA to the WD4 and WD6 repeats of RACK1 and to a segment of the large rod domain of FlnA, consisting of immunoglobulin-like repeats 8–15. Disruption of the RACK1-FlnA interaction causes a reduction in CFTR surface levels. Our results suggest that a novel RACK1-FlnA interaction is an important regulator of CFTR surface localization.
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Li, Chi-Kwong, Yiu-Tung Poon und Xuefeng Wang. „Ranks of quantum states with prescribed reduced states“. Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 34 (21.02.2018): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/1081-3810.3654.
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Let $\cM_n$ be the set of $n\times n$ complex matrices. In this note, all the possible ranks of a bipartite state in $\cM_m\otimes \cM_n$ with prescribed reduced states in the two subsystems, are determined. The results are used to determine the Choi rank of quantum channels $\Phi: \cM_m \rightarrow \cM_n$ sending $I/m$ to a specific state $\sigma_2 \in \cM_n$.
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Liedtke, Carole M., Viswanathan Raghuram, C. Chris Yun und Xiangyun Wang. „Role of a PDZ1 domain of NHERF1 in the binding of airway epithelial RACK1 to NHERF1“. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 286, Nr. 5 (Mai 2004): C1037—C1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00222.2003.
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In past studies, we demonstrated regulation of CFTR Cl channel function by protein kinase C (PKC)-ϵ through the binding of PKC-ϵ to RACK1 (a receptor for activated C-kinase) and of RACK1 to human Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF1). In this study, we investigated the site of RACK1 binding on NHERF1 using solid-phase and solution binding assays and pulldown, immunoprecipitation, and 36Cl efflux experiments. Recombinant RACK1 binding to glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged PDZ1 domain of NHERF1 was 10-fold higher than its binding to GST-tagged PDZ2 domain of NHERF1. PDZ1 binds to RACK1 in a dose-dependent manner and vice versa, with similar binding constants of 1.67 and 1.26 μg, respectively. Interaction of the PDZ1 domain with RACK1 was not blocked by binding of activated PKC-ϵ to RACK1. A GST-tagged PDZ1 domain pulled down endogenous RACK1 from Calu-3 cell lysate. An internal 11-amino acid motif embedding the GYGF carboxylate binding loop of PDZ1 binds to RACK1, inhibits binding of recombinant NHERF1 and RACK1, pulls down endogenous RACK1 from Calu-3 cell lysate, and blocks coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous RACK1 with endogenous NHERF1 but does not affect cAMP-dependent activation of CFTR. A similar amino acid sequence in the PDZ2 domain did not bind RACK1. Our results indicate binding of Calu-3 RACK1 predominantly to the PDZ1 domain of NHERF1 at a site encompassing the GYGF loop of the PDZ1 domain and a site on RACK1 distinct from a PKC-ϵ binding site. CFTR activation by cAMP-generating agent is not affected by loss of RACK1-NHERF1 interaction.
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Zhao, Yongqian, Yaohua Wu und Chengxin Yu. „Instantaneous Deformation Monitoring Research on the Racks in the Dense Channels Accessing-Sorting System“. International Journal of u- and e- Service, Science and Technology 9, Nr. 3 (30.03.2016): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2016.9.3.11.
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Auerbach, Michael, und Carole M. Liedtke. „Role of the scaffold protein RACK1 in apical expression of CFTR“. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 293, Nr. 1 (Juli 2007): C294—C304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00413.2006.
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Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrated a role for protein kinase C (PKC)ε in the regulation of cAMP-dependent cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) Cl channel function via binding of PKCε to RACK1, a receptor for activated C kinase, and of RACK1 to human Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF1). In the present study, we investigated the role of RACK1 in regulating CFTR function in a Calu-3 airway epithelial cell line. Confocal microscopy and biotinylation of apical surface proteins demonstrate apical localization of RACK1 independent of actin. Mass spectrometric analysis of NHERF1 revealed copurification of tubulin, which, in in vitro binding assays, selectively binds to NHERF1, but not RACK1, via a PDZ1 domain. In binding and pulldown assays, we show direct binding of a PDZ2 domain to NHERF1, pulldown of endogenous NHERF1 by a PDZ2 domain, and inhibition of NHERF1-tubulin binding by a PDZ1 domain. Downregulation of RACK1 using double-stranded silencing RNA reduced the amount of RACK1 by 77.5% and apical expression of biotinylated CFTR by 87.4%. Expression of CFTR, NHERF1, and actin were not altered by treatment with siRACK1 or by nontargeting control silencing RNA, which, in addition, did not affect RACK1 expression. On the basis of these results, we model a RACK1 proteome consisting of PKCε-RACK1-NHERF1-NHERF1-tubulin with a role in stable expression of CFTR in the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells.
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Turushin, V. A., A. M. Redko und N. V. Turushina. „Improvement of warehouse hovercraft transport devices with inclined feed channels“. SAFETY OF TECHNOGENIC AND NATURAL SYSTEMS, Nr. 1 (2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2541-9129-2021-1-58-66.
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Introduction. The paper considers the question of the directions of mechanization and automation of rack warehouses logistics. The paper considers hovercraft transport devices operating in the storage area with inclined feeding channels. The displacement of the load center relative to the geometric center of the support surface is studied. It is noted how this affects the main characteristics of the studied devices. Problem Statement. Previous studies have proved the sufficient performance of non-powered hovercraft transport devices with inclined feed channels, their safety and efficiency in the transportation of piece goods, as well as the potential for mechanization and automation of transport and storage operations in rack warehouses. The task of this work is to present a scheme of mechanization for the storage area of a rack warehouse equipped with a transport device with inclined feeding channels. Theoretical Part. In rack warehouses designed for the storage of individual goods, the receiving, storing and sending operations are in most cases carried out using carrying and lifting machines. Stacker cranes are most common, but their use requires the creation of complex and expensive systems, i.e. significant capital and operating costs. The article considers the system of mechanization of a rack warehouse with the use of hovercraft vehicles with an off-center location of the cargo. In this case, the height of the airbag depends on the eccentricity of the load location. The points of application and the values of the resistance and traction forces, torques and friction forces that affect the total resistance are shown, which are typical for such a situation Conclusion. The results of the research allow us to state that in some cases, instead of traditional transport devices, the use of hovercraft transport devices with the inclined feed channels is effective in logistics enterprises.
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Kochanenko, Viktor, Dmitry Kelekhsaev, Anatolij Kondratenko und Sergey Evtushenko. „SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL WATER FLOW“. Construction and Architecture 7, Nr. 3 (28.09.2019): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2308-0191-2019-7-3-5-12.
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The paper studies a two-dimensional water flow that flows from a non-pressure rectangular or round pipe into a wide horizontal channel. To simplify the problem, the real three-dimensional flow is modeled as a two-dimensional zone by eliminating the velocities and accelerations of liquid particles in the direction perpendicular to the flow zone. To describe the law of motion of the water flow, the equations of L. Euler for the ideal fluid are used, taking into account the continuity equations and the Bernoulli equation. Models of two-dimensional flow in the spreading zone with the degree of adequacy sufficient for practice describe the movement of water flows arising in the lower races of road drainage systems, systems of Liman irrigation, small bridges, channels of volley of water, various culverts and water-crossing facilities. The obtained dependences of the velocity distribution, depth and water flow geometry give an accuracy exceeding that known by the previously used methods both by the velocity values and by the geometry of the boundary current lines.
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Badheka, Doreen, und Tibor Rohacs. „TRPM3 joins the ranks of PI(4,5)P2 sensitive ion channels“. Channels 9, Nr. 5 (03.09.2015): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19336950.2015.1089072.
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Martin und Zawahir Moir. „Old District Records in Pakistan“. Modern Asian Studies 24, Nr. 1 (Februar 1990): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00001219.
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Imagine you are in a dark and lofty interior. All around you can dimly see huge racks piled high with cloth bundles—blue, red, green and white. In the middle of the space a rickety ladder leads up to another level also filled with racks and bundles, over and above which rises another ladder and another level. If you decide to move you must step carefully between piles of old papers strewn across the floor and, perhaps, small channels of water. If you try to grasp hold of one of the coloured bundles to see what it contains you will be assailed by clouds of gritty dust that catch at your eyes and throat and may even force you to retire quickly from that dark and inhospitable place. Is this a dacoits' hideout or perhaps the cave of Ali Baba? No—as you've certainly guessed by now—it is or could be almost any district record room anywhere in Pakistan.
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Abid, Zainab Majeed. „Performance of Different Concatenated Coding Schemes for CDMA System“. Journal of Engineering 24, Nr. 12 (03.12.2018): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2018.12.06.
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In this paper different channel coding and interleaving schemes in DS/CDMA system over multipath fading channel were used. Two types of serially concatenated coding were presented. The first one composed of Reed-Solomon as outer code, convolutional code as inner code and the interleaver between the outer and inner codes and the second consist of convolutional code as outer code, interleaved in the middle and differential code as an inner code. Bit error rate performance of different schemes in multipath fading channel was analyzed and compared. Rack receiver was used in DS/CDMA receiver to combine multipath components in order to enhance the signal to noise ratio at the receiver.
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Amezcua Valdovinos, Ismael, Patricia Elizabeth Figueroa Millán, Jesús Arturo Pérez-Díaz und Cesar Vargas-Rosales. „Distributed Channel Ranking Scheduling Function for Dense Industrial 6TiSCH Networks“. Sensors 21, Nr. 5 (25.02.2021): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051593.
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The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is considered a key enabler for Industry 4.0. Modern wireless industrial protocols such as the IEEE 802.15.4e Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) deliver high reliability to fulfill the requirements in IIoT by following strict schedules computed in a Scheduling Function (SF) to avoid collisions and to provide determinism. The standard does not define how such schedules are built. The SF plays an essential role in 6TiSCH networks since it dictates when and where the nodes are communicating according to the application requirements, thus directly influencing the reliability of the network. Moreover, typical industrial environments consist of heavy machinery and complementary wireless communication systems that can create interference. Hence, we propose a distributed SF, namely the Channel Ranking Scheduling Function (CRSF), for IIoT networks supporting IPv6 over the IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH mode. CRSF computes the number of cells required for each node using a buffer-based bandwidth allocation mechanism with a Kalman filtering technique to avoid sudden allocation/deallocation of cells. CRSF also ranks channel quality using Exponential Weighted Moving Averages (EWMAs) based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Background Noise (BN) level measurements, and the Packet Delivery Rate (PDR) metrics to select the best available channel to communicate. We compare the performance of CRSF with Orchestra and the Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF), in scenarios resembling industrial environmental characteristics. Performance is evaluated in terms of PDR, end-to-end latency, Radio Duty Cycle (RDC), and the elapsed time of first packet arrival. Results show that CRSF achieves high PDR and low RDC across all scenarios with periodic and burst traffic patterns at the cost of increased end-to-end latency. Moreover, CRSF delivers the first packet earlier than Orchestra and MSF in all scenarios. We conclude that CRSF is a viable option for IIoT networks with a large number of nodes and interference. The main contributions of our paper are threefold: (i) a bandwidth allocation mechanism that uses Kalman filtering techniques to effectively calculate the number of cells required for a given time, (ii) a channel ranking mechanism that combines metrics such as the PDR, RSSI, and BN to select channels with the best performance, and (iii) a new Key Performance Indicator (KPI) that measures the elapsed time from network formation until the first packet reception at the root.
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Vomastek, Tomas, Marcin P. Iwanicki, Hans-Joerg Schaeffer, Adel Tarcsafalvi, J. Thomas Parsons und Michael J. Weber. „RACK1 Targets the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway To Link Integrin Engagement with Focal Adhesion Disassembly and Cell Motility“. Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, Nr. 23 (01.10.2007): 8296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00598-07.
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ABSTRACT The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade is activated in response to a multitude of extracellular signals and converts these signals into a variety of specific biological responses, including cell differentiation, cell movement, cell division, and apoptosis. The specificity of the biological response is likely to be controlled in large measure by the localization of signaling, thus enabling ERK activity to be directed towards specific targets. Here we show that the RACK1 scaffold protein functions specifically in integrin-mediated activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK cascade and targets active ERK to focal adhesions. We found that RACK1 associated with the core kinases of the ERK pathway, Raf, MEK, and ERK, and that attenuation of RACK1 expression resulted in a decrease in ERK activity in response to adhesion but not in response to growth factors. RACK1 silencing also caused a reduction of active ERK in focal adhesions, an increase in focal adhesion length, a decreased rate of focal adhesion disassembly, and decreased motility. Our data further suggest that focal adhesion kinase is an upstream activator of the RACK1/ERK pathway. We suggest that RACK1 tethers the ERK pathway core kinases and channels signals from upstream activation by integrins to downstream targets at focal adhesions.
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Sheng, Xiuzhen, Ying Zhong, Jing Zeng, Xiaoqian Tang, Jing Xing, Heng Chi und Wenbin Zhan. „Lymphocystis Disease Virus (Iridoviridae) Enters Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Gill Cells via a Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis Mechanism Facilitated by Viral Receptors“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, Nr. 13 (02.07.2020): 4722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134722.
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In previous research, voltage-dependent anion channel protein 2 (VDAC2) and the receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1) in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were confirmed as functional receptors for lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) entry; however, the underlying mechanism of VDAC2- and RACK1-mediated LCDV entry remains unclear. In this study, we elucidated the endocytosis pathway of LCDV entry into flounder gill (FG) cells by treatment with specific inhibitory agents, siRNAs, and co-localization analysis. LCDV entry was significantly inhibited by the disruption of caveolae-mediated endocytosis, dynamin, and microtubules, and the knockdown of caveoline-1 and dynamin expression, but was not inhibited by the disruption of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, micropinocytosis, or low-pH conditions. The disruption of caveolae-mediated and clathrin-mediated endocytosis was verified by the internalization of cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) and transferrin, respectively. Confocal immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that LCDV was co-localized with VDAC2 and RACK1, CTB was co-localized with VDAC2 and RACK1 and partially with LCDV, but transferrin was not co-localized with LCDV, VDAC2, or RACK1, indicating that LCDV utilized the same pathway as CTB, i.e., caveolae-mediated endocytosis. This was different from the pathway of transferrin, which used clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, caveolin-1 was co-localized with LCDV, VDAC2, and RACK1, suggesting that caveolin-1 was involved in LCDV entry. These results revealed for the first time that LCDV entered into FG cells via caveolae-mediated endocytosis facilitated by VDAC2 and RACK1 receptors, relying on dynamin and microtubules in a pH-independent manner, which provided new insight into the molecular mechanisms of LCDV entry and potential for the development of antiviral agents, expanding our understanding of iridovirus infection.
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Yang, Weimin, Zhongdong Fang, Xin Yang, Shaoshuai Shi, Jing Wang, Hao Wang, Lin Bu, Liping Li, Zongqing Zhou und Xueqing Li. „Experimental Study of Influence of Karst Aquifer on the Law of Water Inrush in Tunnels“. Water 10, Nr. 9 (07.09.2018): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091211.
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Water inrush is a geological hazard often encountered in tunnel construction. In order to overcome problems encountered when using the existing water-inrush simulation model test, such as single function, low repetition utilization rate, and poor visibility, we developed a multi-type water-inrush model test system. Our test system can be a precursor to large-scale studies, handle multiple types, and perform serialization and visualization. We conducted cavity water-inrush simulation testing using this device, and studied the failure model of aquifuge rock. We reveal the evolution laws of water inrush from the cavity, including the initiation of fracture in the aquifuge rock, the formation of water-inrush channels, and the rupture of the aquifuge rock. By analyzing the seepage pressure changes at the monitoring points of the aquifuge rock, we divided the water-inrush process of the cave into a rack generation stage, a holing-through of fracture and forming of water-inrush channel stage, and a water-inrush stage. Test results show that the system is stable and reliable, only requiring a short test period, and can be used to guide large water-inrush testing and related projects.
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Maldjian, Catherine, Vineet Khanna, Bevan Tandon, Matthew Then, Mohamed Yassin, Richard Adam und Michael J. Klein. „Lymphatic Filariasis Disseminating to the Upper Extremity“. Case Reports in Radiology 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/985680.
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Lymphatic filariasis is the most common cause of acquired lymphedema worldwide (Szuba and Rockson, 1998). It is endemic to tropical and subtropical regions, and its effects are devastating. With over 100 million infected persons, it ranks second only to leprosy as the leading cause of permanent and long-term disability.Wuchereria bancroftiis the etiologic agent in 90% of cases. There is a dearth of published MRI findings with pathologically proven active infections, making this entity even more of a diagnostic dilemma. Imaging may provide the first clue that one is dealing with a parasite and may facilitate proper treatment and containment of this disease. This is the first report of pathologic correlation with MRI findings in the extremity in active filariasis. The magnetic resonance images demonstrate an enhancing, infiltrative, mass-like appearance with partial encasement of vasculature that has not been previously described in filariasis. Low signal strands in T2-hyperintense dilated lymphatic channels are seen and may depict live adult worms. We hypothesize that the low signal strands correspond to the collagen rich acellular cuticle. This, in combination with the surrounding hyperintense T2 signal, corresponding to a dilated lymphatic channel, may provide more specific MRI findings for active nematodal infection, which can prompt early biopsy, pathological correlation, and diagnosis.
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Grosso, Stefano, Viviana Volta, Leonardo A. Sala, Marina Vietri, Pier Carlo Marchisio, Dorit Ron und Stefano Biffo. „PKCβII modulates translation independently from mTOR and through RACK1“. Biochemical Journal 415, Nr. 1 (12.09.2008): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20080463.
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RACK1 (receptor for activated C kinase 1) is an abundant scaffolding protein, which binds active PKCβII (protein kinase C βII) increasing its activity in vitro. RACK1 has also been described as a component of the small ribosomal subunit, in proximity to the mRNA exit channel. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that PKCβII plays a specific role in translational control and verified whether it may associate with the ribosomal machinery. We find that specific inhibition of PKCβI/II reduces translation as well as global PKC inhibition, but without affecting phosphorylation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) targets. These results suggest that PKCβII acts as a specific PKC isoform affecting translation in an mTOR-independent fashion, possibly close to the ribosomal machinery. Using far-Western analysis, we found that PKCβII binds ribosomes in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation studies indicate that a small but reproducible pool of PKCβII is associated with membranes containing ribosomes, suggesting that in vivo PKCβII may also physically interact with the ribosomal machinery. Polysomal profiles show that stimulation of PKC results in an increased polysomes/80S ratio, associated with a shift of PKCβII to the heavier part of the gradient. A RACK1-derived peptide that inhibits the binding of active PKCβII to RACK1 reduces the polysomes/80S ratio and methionine incorporation, suggesting that binding of PKCβII to RACK1 is important for PKC-mediated translational control. Finally, down-regulation of RACK1 by siRNA (small interfering RNA) impairs the PKC-mediated increase of translation. Taken together the results of the present study show that PKCβII can act as a specific PKC isoform regulating translation, in an mTOR-independent fashion, possibly close to the ribosomal machinery.
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Dong, Zhao-Fei, Ling-Jia Tang, Guang-Fei Deng, Tao Zeng, Shu-Jing Liu, Rui-Ping Wan, Ting Liu et al. „Transcription of the Human Sodium Channel SCN1A Gene Is Repressed by a Scaffolding Protein RACK1“. Molecular Neurobiology 50, Nr. 2 (17.01.2014): 438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-014-8633-9.
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Millar, Constance I. „Allozyme variation of bishop pine associated with pygmy-forest soils in northern California“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, Nr. 7 (01.07.1989): 870–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-133.
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Two races of bishop pine (Pinusmuricata D. Don) meet in a narrow contact zone near sea level along the Sonoma County coast, northern California. The races previously were identified by foliar ("blue" in north, "green" in south), monoterpene, and allozyme differences. Disjunct stands of blue bishop pine were observed at higher elevations along a ridge south of the contact zone on patches of infertile pygmy-forest soils. Green bishop pine grew on fertile soils 0.5 km from the pygmy-forest patches. The frequency of trees with blue foliage in pygmy-forest stands was 0.73–0.86. One ridgetop stand south of the contact zone on fertile soils also had blue foliage. Allozyme differences at 7 of 46 loci distinguished blue and green races on different soils. Ridgetop blue and green stands were clearly related allozymically to lower elevation blue and green races in the same region. Selection for tolerance to soil conditions in the pygmy forest appears to maintain blue bishop pine in ridgetop pygmy forests.
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Sorensen, Frank C., Nancy L. Mandel und Jan E. Aagaard. „Role of selection versus historical isolation in racial differentiation of ponderosa pine in southern Oregon: an investigation of alternative hypotheses“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, Nr. 7 (01.07.2001): 1127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-039.
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Continuous populations identified as Pacific and North Plateau races of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. Laws. ex C. Laws.) are parapatric along the crest of the Cascade Range in southern Oregon. A 3-year common-garden study of bud phenology and seedling vigor was performed to estimate the nature and magnitude of differentiation between races, to characterize the transition zone between them, and to relate responses between and within races to topography and climate. Principal component (PC) analyses identified two significant character complexes, PC-1 (phenological traits) and PC-2 (size traits), that explained 73% of the geographic race-related variation. The races were differentiated in two regards. First, PC-1 scores, which were highly correlated with frost-free season and summer-winter temperature differential, displayed a sharp discontinuity in the transition zone. Second, PC-2 scores were significantly correlated with physiographic and climatic variables in the North Plateau but not in the Pacific race, even though these variables had greater ranges in the latter. The data supported a narrow, adaptive transition between races for a complex of traits probably related to cold hardiness, and provided evidence that plant vigor traits were more closely adapted to environments in the North Plateau than in the Pacific region, possibly as a consequence of past climatic-stress selection in the former and competitive-stress selection in the latter.
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Salah Abd Elmoaty, Mohamed. „An experimental investigation of the impact of aquatic weeds trash racks on water surface profile in open channels“. Water Science 33, Nr. 1 (02.01.2019): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11104929.2019.1632080.
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Abdelhady, Amr. „Dose rate profile inside the spent fuel storage pool in case of full capacity storage“. Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications 8, Nr. 1 (10.08.2020): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.81002.
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This study aims to evaluate the radiation dose rate distribution inside temporary spent fuel open-pool storage. The storage pool is connected to the main pool via transfer channel to facilitate transporting the spent fuel under water that avoiding radiation dose rising in the working area in the reactor. The storage pool was prepared to store 800 spent fuel elements that considering the maximum capacity of storage. The spent fuel elements in the storage pool have different decay times depending on the times of extraction from the core. Assuming conservatively, that the spent fuels of the 5-years decay time would be stored in the lower rack and the spent fuels, of decay time ranged between 10 days and 5 years, would be stored in the upper rack. The dose rate was profiled in the region above the upper rack using SCALE/MAVRIC code applying adjoint flux calculation as a variance reduction technique. The results show that the dose rate values in the region above the pool surface would be lower than the permissible limits.
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Born, Dennis-Peter, Ishbel Lomax und Michael Romann. „Variation in competition performance, number of races, and age: Long-term athlete development in elite female swimmers“. PLOS ONE 15, Nr. 11 (18.11.2020): e0242442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242442.
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While talent development and the contributing factors to success are hardly discussed among the experts in the field, the aim of the study was to investigate annual variation in competition performance (AVCP), number of races per year, and age, as potential success factors for international swimming competitions. Data from 40’277 long-course races, performed by all individual female starters (n = 253) at the 2018 European Swimming Championships (2018EC) for all 10 years prior to these championships, were analyzed. Relationships between 2018EC ranking and potential success factors, i.e., AVCP, number of races per year, and age, were determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis. While AVCP was not related to ranking, higher ranked swimmers at the 2018EC swam more races during each of the ten years prior to the championships (P < 0.001). Additionally, older athletes were more successful (r = -0.42, P < 0.001). The regression model explained highly significant proportions (P < 0.001) and 43%, 34%, 35%, 49% of total variance in the 2018EC ranking for 50m, 100m, 200m, and 400m races, respectively. As number of races per year (β = -0.29 –-0.40) had a significant effect on ranking of 50-400m races, and age (β = -0.40 –-0.61) showed a significant effect on ranking over all race distances, number of races per year and age may serve as success factors for international swimming competitions. The larger number of races swum by higher ranked female swimmers may have aided long-term athlete development regarding technical, physiological, and mental skill acquisitions. As older athletes were more successful, female swimmers under the age of peak performance, who did not reach semi-finals or finals, may increase their chances of success in following championships with increased experience.
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R.K., Migunova, Todrin A.F und Kaprelyants A.S. „Freeze Substitution for EM-Studies Time Measuring.“ Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 450–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600015579.
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We conducted physical and mathematical modelling of the process of substituion of ice with organic solvent. The result was a relationship between the time of freeze-substitution and the sample thickness. The model is based on the solution of mass exchange problem between a porous plate (frozen tissue) filled with a solid matter (ice) and an organic solvent (alcohol, acetone) that is contained in an apparatus with an active fluid circulation. The model takes in account porousness of tissue, dissolving of ice with solvent that produces a new medium, dissolving of that medium and its substitutions with solvent after solvent concentration exceeds evtectic concentration for the given temperature. Our results (fig. 1) agree with previously published results [1].We also conducted experiments using original device [2] that implements freeze-substitution method. The device is made of the desk apparatus, comprising cryogenic and electron parts. Cryochamber ( Fig. 2 ) contains cylindrical unit (1), central channel (2) and located around it cylindrical vessels (3), connected by means of upper (4) and lower (5) channels with the central one. Perforated containers (6) with frozen bioobjects are adjusted on metal rack (7). The flux inducer (8) provides the circulation of substituting medium. The cold-conduct or (9) is submerged into a liquid nitrogen. Temperature control is performed be the thermogauge (10). The range of operating temperatures stabilization is from +20° to −120° C.
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Navarrini, Alessandro, Alessandro Scalambra, Simone Rusticelli, Andrea Maccaferri, Alessandro Cattani, Federico Perini, Pierluigi Ortu et al. „The Room Temperature Multi-Channel Heterodyne Receiver Section of the PHAROS2 Phased Array Feed“. Electronics 8, Nr. 6 (12.06.2019): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060666.
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This paper describes the design, fabrication, and test results of a room temperature multi-channel heterodyne receiver operating across the 2.3–8.2 GHz radio frequency (RF) band. Such a “Warm Section” (WS) receiver is part of phased arrays for reflector observing systems 2 (PHAROS2), a C-band phased array feed (PAF) demonstrator with digital beamformer for radio astronomy application. The WS receiver is cascaded to the PHAROS2 cryostat, which includes an array of Vivaldi antennas with low noise pre-amplification stages. The WS can handle up to 32 RF signals and, for each of them, realizes the operations of filtering, RF amplification and down-conversion from the RF to the 375–650 MHz intermediate frequency (IF). Also, the WS incorporates an IF-to-optical signal conversion through analogue wavelength division multiplexing IF over fiber (IFoF) and fiber-optic transmitters (OTXs). The 32-channel WS receiver consists of four eight-channel WS RF/IF modules, one local oscillator (LO) splitter module and one monitoring and control module, all hosted in a standard 6U × 19-inch rack.