Dissertationen: „Challenges in development work“

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Jönsson, Jessica H. „Localised Globalities and Social Work : Contemporary Challenges“. Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-21587.

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Recent global and structural transformations, a West-centric development agenda and the triumph of neoliberal politics have led to destructive consequences for many local communities and individual life chances. The global dominance of the West-centric development agenda, with its roots in the colonial past, has created uneven developments and an unjust world in which Western countries continue to gain advantages and increase their prosperity. Although a minority elite in many non-Western countries share the same interests as Western countries and their global organs, the majority of people in these countries are suffering from increasing socioeconomic inequalities. As a result of the dogmatic belief in a singular and West-centric modernity and its practices, many problems are considered to be the result of non-Western countries’ inabilities to complete the project of modernity in accordance with Western blueprints. This has also influenced social work as a global and modern profession. Social problems are often individualised and the reasons behind many inequalities are increasingly related to non-Western people’s individual shortcomings and traditional cultural backgrounds. In Western and non-Western countries equally are the neoliberal structural and institutional transformations ignored and social problems of individuals and families defined as a matter of wrong and deviant actions and choices. The main objective of the dissertation, which is constituted of four articles and an overall introduction and summary, is to examine the consequences of recent neoliberal globalisation based on the belief in a single and West-centric modernity and development agenda and their consequences for social work facing increasing global inequalities. The following research questions have guided the work: ‘How can social work play an effective role in combating social problems and otherisation, marginalisation and increasing inequalities in a globalised world?’, ‘How does the global development agenda function within the local arenas of social work?’, ‘Are development projects improving people’s life chances in local communities in non-Western countries?’, ‘How informed and responsive are social workers towards the global context of local problems?’ The work is based on a qualitative design using qualitative content analysis for analysing data collected through interviews, participant observations and official documents. The results show that irrespective of where and in which context social problems are appearing, since local problems often have global roots, a global perspective to local problems should be included in every practices of social work in order to develop new methods of practices in an increasingly globalised field of work. Destruction of local communities, forced migration from non-Western countries, and marginalisation of people with immigrant background in Western countries should not be considered only as local problems, but also as problems with their roots in global structural inequalities which reproduces global social problems with local consequences. It is argued that social work should consider the dilemmas and problems connected to the taken for granted West-centric theories, understandings and practices of social work in order to develop new methods of practices for combating social problems, marginalisation and increasing inequalities in a globalised world. Such a position includes practicing multilevel social work, social work in global alliances beyond the division of East and West, and mobilisation against neoliberalism and the retreat of the welfare state. This requires critical standpoints against the relationship between the global context of the neoliberal ideology and practices in a Western-dominated and postcolonial world and the daily practices of social work.
Localised Globalities and Social Work: Contemporary Challenges

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Becker, Lana L. „Moral Development of Accounting Students: Opportunities and Challenges“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3012.

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Business schools are under scrutiny today as accreditation agencies, professional organizations, and employers hold them accountable for the ethical training of future professionals. This literature review explores how the understanding of Kohlberg’s moral development theory can help accounting educators in their commitment to develop the ethical competencies of students. Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral cognition are explained as well as James Rest’s contributions to the field of moral psychology. This paper synthesizes research findings specifically related to the moral development of accounting students and proposes possible explanations for these results. While the potential to morally develop students of higher education has been established through prior research, today’s accounting educators are challenged to implement research and pedagogical strategies that will enable them to actualize this potential.

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Henwood, Penelope. „Adoption : parents' perceptions of facilitating factors and challenges in the development of the relationship with their baby“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20700.

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The study explored the experiences of parents around their adoption process and relationship-building with their babies. It considered their motivation to adopt and their expectations of what that would entail. Challenges and facilitating factors were examined with regards to how their relationship with their child, rarely new born when placed, grew and developed. The study used Ecological and Attachment theories as theoretical frameworks. This research was conducted using a qualitative research design. Twenty participants (ten adoptive couples) were selected using purposive sampling by an adoption agency and interviewed from a semi-structured interview schedule. Each interview was recorded using a Dictaphone and transcribed by the researcher. Data was thereafter analysed using qualitative methods, specifically analytic induction and open coding. The findings of this study highlighted the complexities of the non-normative transition to adoptive parenthood necessary for many who expected to become parents naturally. The stressors involved include micro and macro preferences for biological kin, fears of not being able to love a child not born to oneself and insecurity around the child returning to their biological parents. It was found that the screening process played a valuable role in lessening these fears, creating support structures and working through loss related to infertility.

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Ewald, Klara, und Philip Wredberg. „Multicultural teams’ post acquisition : Challenges for employees and managers“. Thesis, Jönköping University, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53100.

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Today’s fast-paced and global market has added pressure on firm’s to constantly strengthen their competitive advantage. Over the last couple of years, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become an increasingly used strategy for firms to acquire resources that cannot be developed internally. However, M&As often fail to achieve the initial purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate two research questions; RQ1: What are the effects on employees in a newly created multicultural team that is the outcome of a merger between two firms? and RQ2: How can managers manage these effects, in order to create a successful team integration?To gain understanding of the phenomena, and their respective connections, qualitative research has been conducted. Through a multiple case study design, and data collection in the form of interviews, empirical data was obtained. In total eight interviews were conducted with individuals originating from different roles and acquired firms. Their experiences and emotions were later analysed through thematic analysis and coding.The findings of this study add an additional layer to the conclusions of previous studies within the area of multicultural team integration, post-acquisition. Well-communicated integration strategies have been deemed important; this study confirms that statement. However, the findings of this study provide evidence that transparency should be considered an important dimension of the communication strategy, in order to increase employee satisfaction.

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Mäkinen, Emanuel, und Ellen Broström. „Competitive logistics management : Guidelines for handling logistical challenges in chain store warehouses“. Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10201.

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During the last decades, it has been brought to light that well organized logistics processes have contributed to competitive advantages for companies. Mio AB, a chain store warehouse and the second largest furniture company in Sweden, is operating in the middle of an expansion phase with growing revenue. As a consequence, larger volumes of goods are handled, space utilization become more scarce and the everyday operations within the internal logistics are affected. Therefore, the processes within the warehouse department were measured by performing a frequency study, registering how time was distributed between the different work tasks. In order to fully understand the processes, interviews were held with management and personnel. After analyzing previous research that could help guide to ease the impositions and analyzing the result of the frequency study, wastes were identified and new ways of working were suggested. The result firstly presents how to organize internal logistics operations in chain store warehouses to gain competitive advantage. Secondly, keeping in mind that firefighting stressed situations usually is not sustainable and only eases loads temporarily, long-term sustainability and ethics were addressed. Concluding that in order to optimize internal logistics operations in chain store warehouses and gain a long-term competitive advantage in a sustainable way, are achieved through standardizing work tasks, ensuring commitment of management and personnel and applying systems to serve the people and processes. Lastly it is advised to keep in mind the impact a company have on its surroundings and the importance of engaging in sustainable and ethically friendly operations, in order to achieve long-term competitive logistics.

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Ford, Jacqueline Yvonne. „Challenges of Child Trauma on Adoptive Families' Social and Emotional System“. ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/885.

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Adoption-focused psychoeducation is deemed essential in maintaining the permanency of traumatized children within a new family unit. However, adoptive parents of traumatized children struggle to find training to address their unique concerns. Guided by the lens of psychodynamic theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges faced by adoptive families of traumatized children. Special focus was placed on the social and emotional relationships of the adoptive parents of traumatized children, to identify the realistic expectations towards attachment from the families' perspectives. Fifteen families were randomly selected to participate in this study from a group of 30 parents who adopted traumatized children in Arizona. A phenomenological approach was utilized to gather information from face-to-face and telephone interviews. The data analysis utilized the horizontalization approach which highlighted significant statements that were classified into codes. Thematic categories were drawn and summarized. Textual descriptions evolved from the thematic groups acknowledging their experiences and how these lived experiences guided their decision to adopt a traumatized child. Verification techniques, data mining, journaling, clustering, brainstorming, and peer reviews were used to ensure the quality of data. Emergent themes emphasized the need for adoption-focused training specific to traumatized children. Further research on this phenomenon should determine the significance of specialized psychoeducational training versus general foster care training, before and after adoption. Positive social change may result in tailoring existing training programs to meet the needs of families who adopt traumatized children.

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Kaiser, A. L., und Cynthia R. Chambers. „What Research Tells Us: The Challenges and Benefits for Siblings across the Life Span“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3893.

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Hale, Kimberly D., und James J. Fox. „Tier 2 Assessment & Interventions for Reading and Behavior Challenges: The ETSU Positive Behavior Support Initiative“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7034.

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Ntuli, Esther, Joachim Agamba, Arnold Nyarambi und Victor Ntuli. „Globalization and Teacher Education: Challenges and Solutions to 21st Century Content Preparation and Pedagogy in Africa“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8217.

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This chapter examines the challenges to 21st century content preparation and pedagogy from the perspective of teaching professionals from different African countries: Cameroon, Ghana, South Africa, Lesotho and Zimbabwe. Specifically, the chapter explores the views and experiences of the participants during and after teacher preparation programs. Findings reveal common challenges, specific 21st century skills that are overlooked, and those not yet fully integrated in teacher preparation programs. The chapter offers suggestions for improvement based on the views of participants, research-based literature review, and best practices in teacher preparation programs.

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Saleh, Ramzia Hisham. „The Role of Social Media in Providing New Opportunities in Work and Life: A Qualitative Study of Professional Saudi Arabian Women“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40390.

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This study builds on a small but growing body of research concerning socio-economic, cultural, political, and personal challenges influencing Saudi women’s professional development. Although Saudi women have more advantages and opportunities in 2020 compared to previous historical periods, women still face challenges related to employment and professional status. This research provides an in-depth analysis of the insider experience connected to challenges Saudi women face in work and life that hinder their professional development. Specifically, this research explored the role of social media in providing new opportunities to help Saudi women overcome challenges they face in work and life. Guided by a qualitative approach, this interpretive study is conducted through interviews, supporting documents analysis, and personal experiences. This study draws on Technofeminism, Intersectional Feminism, and Social Role Theory in order to provide a broad theoretical lens to help interpret findings. Using thematic analysis, six main themes were uncovered: (1) socio-cultural challenges, (2) personal challenges, (3) ethical challenges, (4) institutional challenges, (5) civic and professional engagement, and (6) socialization and privacy issues. General findings indicated that despite efforts from the Saudi Arabian government to enhance women’s rights in society, women continue to face socio-cultural, personal, and ethical challenges in work and life. The advanced analysis revealed that social media does have a positive role in providing Saudi women with new opportunities to overcome challenges they face but that cultural norms and traditional practices continue to create challenges that hinder Saudi women’s professional development.

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Agerskans, Natalie. „A Framework for Achieving Data-Driven Decision Making in Production Development“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Innovation och produktrealisering, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48133.

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Industry 4.0 and the development of novel digital technologies is forcing manufacturing companies to introduce drastic changes to their productions systems. These technologies provide unique opportunities for manufacturing companies to collect, process and store large data volumes, which can be used to facilitate the coordination of factory elements. Previous research indicate that decisions based on data can provide fact-based decisions which can contribute to an increased productivity. However, manufacturing companies are not fully exploiting data as support for decision-making, which is desirable for an increased competitiveness. Currently, much attention is pointed towards the technology instead of the humans responsible for interpreting data and making decisions. Adding to this, there is a lack of guidance on how manufacturing companies can go from current decision making practices (i.e., decisions based on gut feelings) to fact-based decisions driven by data. To address this gap, the purpose of this thesis is to propose a framework for achieving data-driven decision making in production development in the context of Industry 4.0. The purpose is accomplished by using a qualitative-based case study approach at a small and medium sized enterprise in the electronics industry. The results indicate that both challenges and enablers for achieving data-driven decision making in production development are related to perspectives and attitudes, processes for data quality, technology and processes for decision making. Four maturity levels of data-data driven decision making are also identified. The proposed framework can be used by manufacturing companies to help them plan and prepare for their own specific development path towards data-driven decision making. Contributing to current understanding, this thesis considers the human decision makers perspective to develop the ability to collect, process, analyze and use the data to support time efficient and high-quality decisions, an insight lacking in prior academic studies. Future research may include confirmation of the findings presented in this thesis with additional use cases and industry types.
Industri 4.0 och utvecklingen av nya digitala teknologier tvingar tillverkningsföretag att introducera drastiska förändringar i sina produktionssystem. Dessa teknologier skapar unika möjligheter för tillverkningsföretag att samla, processa och lagra stora datavolymer, vilka kan användas för att stödja koordineringen av fabrikselement. Tidigare forskning indikerar att beslut baserade på data kan innebära faktabaserade beslut vilket kan bidra till en ökad produktivitet. Tillverkningsföretag utnyttjar dock inte data som underlag för beslutsfattande, vilket är önskvärt för en ökad konkurrenskraft. I dagsläget är mycket uppmärksamhet riktat mot teknologier istället för de människor som är ansvariga för att tolka data och fatta beslut. Dessutom saknas ledning gällande hur tillverkningsföretag kan gå från nuvarande beslutsrutiner (exempelvis beslut baserade på magkänsla) till faktabaserade beslut på data. Syftet med detta examensarbete är därför att föreslå ett ramverk för att åstadkomma data-baserade beslut genom produktionsutveckling i ett Industri 4.0 kontext. Syftet har uppnått genom en kvalitativ fallstudie på litet och mellanstort företag i elektronikindustrin. Resultaten påvisar att både utmaningar och möjliggörare för att åstadkomma databaserade beslut i produktionsutveckling är relaterade till perspektiv och attityder, processer för datakvalitet, teknologi och processer för beslutsfattande. Fyra olika mognadsnivåer för data-baserade beslut har också identifierats. Det föreslagna ramverket för databaserade beslut kan användas av tillverkningsföretag i syfte att hjälpa dem planera och förbereda sig för deras egna specifika utvecklings mot databaserat beslutsfattande. Genom att bidra till nuvarande kännedom avser detta examenarbete de mänskliga beslutsfattarnas perspektiv gällande utveckling at förmågan att samla, processa, analysera och använda datan för att stödja tidseffektiva och högkvalitativa beslut. Detta är en insikt som saknas i tidigare akademiska studier. Framtida studier kan inkludera verifiering av resultaten presenterade i detta examensarbete med fler tillämpningsområden och typer av industrier.

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Uppvall, Lars. „The Collaborative Challenge of Product Development : Exploring Sustainable Work Systems Through Critical Incidents in R&D Alliances“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Avd.), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11191.

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The aim of this thesis is to empirically study challenges and opportunities in the operational work in contract-based R&D alliances in order to increase the understanding of this type of work system and explore how these work systems could be sustainable. Based on the concept of sustainable work systems, this thesis addresses issues of how work in R&D alliance should support both the competitiveness of the firm as well as regeneration of human resources. In the area of product development, the main drivers for creating alliances are often strategic and concern the globalization of today’s business environment. Issues such as increased cost-based competition, shorter product life cycles, and a greater need for flexibility to tackle technological or strategic shifts have all been argued to motivate companies to form R&D alliances. No doubt adopting the firm’s development of new products to an R&D alliance strategy has a substantial impact on the operational work. However, despite the vast research on why companies engage in R&D alliances, the knowledge of operational work and how they are operationally managed is still limited. Several scholars have recently reported that failed operations may be one of the most important reasons for situations where R&D alliances do not reach their goals. An empirical investigation covering 14 R&D alliances has been conducted based on the Critical Incident Technique. The findings – supported by 158 critical incidents, which have been identified by operational leaders – reveal new knowledge about the R&D alliance operational work with implications for both competitiveness and regeneration of human resources. A central contribution stems from the specific insights given to challenges and opportunities that operational leaders face in the R&D alliance work, in five perspectives on the R&D alliance process: Formation, Formal R&D process, Informal relationships, Embeddedness, and Exit. Further examination of the critical incident data showed several implications for operational leaders with direct contributions to both product development and alliance theory. First, four critical roles for operational leaders in R&D alliances have been suggested: Facilitating, Finishing, Ambassadoring, and Trustkeeping. Secondly, a framework of trust formation mechanisms has been applied and tested. This concluded that process-based, characteristic-based, and institutional-based mechanisms represent important aspects in alliance operation; the relevance of these trust formation mechanisms contributes both to the knowledge of micro-processes of trust formation and specific managerial abilities in R&D alliances. Third, we examine the influence of two types of contextual risks that have been addressed in previous alliance research: relational and performance risks. The comparative analysis of a sub-sample of alliances shows that these risks influence the operational work in R&D alliances for which operational leaders could be specifically trained and prepared. Lastly, a framework that addresses support from HRM in inter-organizational context has been developed and analyzed. This has indicated that HRM represents an important, although unexploited, resource when engaging in R&D alliances. Furthermore, we have suggested a tentative framework for the R&D alliance as a sustainable work system. The overall findings from this study have been synthesized from a sustainable work systems perspective, based on three organizational principles that have been drawn from practice-centered product innovation: broadened roles and responsibilities, work as a collaborative process, and decentralization of strategic information. A fourth principle has been incorporated as well: support systems for sustainable work. This concluded that, in order to be sustainable, companies that engage in R&D alliances should carefully manage and reassess the consequences of these organizational principles in order to simultaneously support the goals that are involved in this type of work system: to simultaneously support innovation, inter-organizational relationships, and the regeneration of human resources.

QC 20100813

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Wise, Al. „The development of a better understanding of the what, why, and how to have Challengers in the local church as reflected in a Challengers manual“. Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.

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Lon, Mine, und Sumaia Ahmed. „Effektivitet Av Svenskt Utvecklingsbistånd : En studie om utvecklingsbistånd utifrån biståndsorganisationers syn medZimbabwe som exempel“. Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, Globala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53776.

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Denna kvalitativa studie fokuserade på effektiviteten av svenskt utvecklingsbistånd i Zimbabweutifrån på organisationernas synpunkter samt hur de arbetar med utvecklingen i landet. Sammanlagt genomfördes fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvalificerade biståndsarbetare somrepresenterade svenska utvecklingsorganisationer och partnerorganisationer i Zimbabwe.Dessa organisationer var Diakonia, Zimbabwe Women's Resource Center & Network, Afrikagrupperna och Unionen. Resultaten har visat att det finns positiva och identifierbara inverkanav utvecklingsbistånd trots utmaningarna i landet. Dessutom presenteras i denna uppsats deförändringar som biståndsorganisationerna har genomfört i olika städer i Zimbabwe. Slutsatsensom studien har kommit fram till är, för att de möjligheter som biståndsorgan skapar ska varahållbara bör regeringen välkomna aktörerna i det civila samhället och den privata sektorn somhar resurser för att komplettera det som regeringen inte har. Samt skapa en bra politisk miljödär regeringen och det civila samhället kan samarbeta.
This qualitative study focused on the effectiveness of Swedish development aid in Zimbabwe,based on the organizations' views and how the aid organizations work with development in thecountry. A total of four semi-structured interviews were conducted with qualified developmentworkers representing Swedish development organizations and partner organizations in Zimbabwe from, Diakonia, Zimbabwe Women's Resource Centre & Network, Afrikagrupperna andUnionen. The results have shown that there is a positive impact of development aid despite thechallenges in the country. We have presented in this essay the positive and identifiable changesthat aid agencies have accomplished in various cities in Zimbabwe. The conclusion of this studyis, for the opportunities created by aid agencies to be sustainable, the government should welcome the civil society actors and the private sector that have the resources to complement thosethat the government does not have. As well as create a good policy environment in which government and civil society can cooperate.

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Miller, Theresa Carol Goetz. „The effects of cooperative learning incorporated with challenge education on social skill development and self-concept“. Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/862277.

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This study examined the effects of cooperative learning combined with the philosophy of Challenged education on social skill and self concept development. The participants were sixth grade students from two different classrooms in a rural midwestern school district. One class was the control and the other the experimental group.During a nine week intervention the experimental group was involved with cooperative learning/Challenge Education while the control group maintained their usual schedule that did not include cooperative learning/Challenge Education. Previous to and following the intervention, the students' social skills were rated by themselves, their teachers, and their parents. In addition, the students rated their own academic and nonacademic self concepts. Measurement tools used were standardized assessment instruments.Two separate multivariate analysis of variance were computed: one for social skills and one for self concept. Following the social skills MANOVA simple interaction effects analyses were calculated followed by simple effects analysis. The results of the MANOVA revealed a significant interaction between time of testing and treatment when examining social skills. Significant interactions were found for parent ratings and teacher ratings. The students' ratings did not reveal a significant interaction. The simple effects analyses for teacher reports revealed the teachers' ratings of students' social skills differed on the pretest; however, the posttest did not reveal a significant difference between group's social skills. No effect were found on the self-concept scale. It was concluded that the intervention may not have produced the desired effects because students had attained only the awareness level of development according to the challenge education model. Therefore, further research using awareness as the outcome seems warranted.
Department of Educational Psychology

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Bogdan, Cristian. „IT Design for Amateur Communities“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Numerisk analys och datalogi, NADA, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3470.

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The concept of community is receiving increasing attentionacross organizations and throughout the entire society.Voluntary association, creation of value, and solidarity incommunity contexts get more and more appreciated and nurturedwithin companies and other organizations. At the same time,lack of community is raised lately by Western sociologists as amajor source of alarm while the large participationpossibilities provided by the Internet are seen as a hope forremedy. This thesis aims to contribute in the area of technologydesign for communities by seeking to gain understanding ofvoluntary community work and to design artefacts in support forsuch work. Community work is studied through anethnographically-inspired approach for empirical observation ofcommunity activity and the artefacts that support it. Fieldstudy ofvoluntary working orderwas conducted inseveral voluntary communities: amateur radio and three studentorganisations. In studying such working order, one mustrenounce a set of assumptions that are commonly made aboutwork, starting with the very idea of remuneration as a basicmotivation. Instead, challenge as a major motivation isproposed for work in voluntary communities. To draw inspirationfor future design, an examination is made of the way thismotivation is reflected in the features of technology createdby the communities for their own use, in the working contextsof the field settings. Lessons learned about amateur work are then used and refinedwhile reflecting on amateur-work-oriented design of ITartefacts conducted within a student organisation, with aparticular interest in self-sustainability of participatorydesign practices in such settings. Practices of participatorydesign are re-considered in the context of voluntary work, theabsence of the employer-employee conflict, the challenges andlearning trajectories of the members. As development is done bymembers of the student community, design interventions forself-sustainability of amateur software development aredescribed and reflected upon. A generic approach is proposedfor action aimed at self-sustainability in amateur settings.The socio-technical features that resemble across thecommunities studied and practices experienced are then groupedunder the generic name of the perspective developed in thisthesis:Amateur Community. The perspective isproposed as a point of departure for further study and designintervention in similar communities. Comparisons are madebetween Amateur Community and other approaches such asCommunity of Practice. Keywords:amateur, volunteer, community, work, amateurwork, participatory design, software development, challenge,contingency, pioneering, public, personal development,learning, hands-on learning, selfsustainability
QC 20100420

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Johansson, Jessica, und Helen Nyberg. „Det är viktigt, men utmanande : En intervjustudie om chefers upplevelse av arbetsmiljöutveckling“. Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för psykologi, pedagogik och sociologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-15459.

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I en studie från 2018 visade Arbetsmiljöverket att 28 % av Sveriges aktiva arbetstagare har upplevt någon form av arbetsrelaterade besvär. Att arbeta med arbetsmiljön och dess utveckling är chefernas ansvar i en organisation. Syftet med följande studie är att undersöka kommunala enhetschefers upplevelse av att arbeta med utvecklingen av arbetsmiljön inom sin verksamhet. För att undersöka vårt syfte utgick vi från följande frågeställning: Vilka möjligheter och utmaningar upplever chefer sig ha med utvecklingen av arbetsmiljön? Tio intervjuer med enhetschefer inom olika sektorer i en kommun genomfördes för att besvara frågeställningen. En tematisk analys tillämpades på det insamlade materialet och presenterades i fyra övergripande teman. Resultatet visar att enhetscheferna upplever utvecklingen av arbetsmiljön som viktigt, men också med flera utmaningar. Dessa försvårade utvecklingsarbetet och uppstod när enhetschefernas processer inte var synkroniserade med den övriga organisationen. Det var även utmanande att arbeta med den psykosociala arbetsmiljön på individnivå då varje ärende krävde en separat process. Det som möjliggjorde för ett framgångsrikt utvecklingsarbete var när medarbetarna var engagerade och delaktiga i processen samt att ett välfungerande stöd från HR-avdelningen fanns att tillgå. Studien visade att trots att cheferna upplever begränsningar i sitt arbete gör deras personliga engagemang i frågorna att de ändå arbetar med dem kontinuerligt.
In a 2018 study, the Swedish Work Environment Authority found that 28% of active workers in Sweden experienced some form of work-related problem. Managers in an organization are responsible for maintaining and developing the work environment. The present study aims to investigate municipal operation managers' perception of the process of work environment development in their operations. We asked the following question to examine managers' perceptions: What opportunities and challenges do managers encounter in the development of the work environment? Ten interviews were conducted with department managers in various sectors of a municipality to investigate our question. A thematic analysis performed on the data revealed four overall themes. The results demonstrate that department managers perceive the development of work environment to be important but challenging. Challenges to the development of work environment arose when managers' priorities were out of sync with those of the rest of the organization. It was also difficult to manage the psychosocial work environment, as individuals each required unique interventions. Successful work environment development occurred when employees were engaged and involved in the process and had pertinent support from the human resources office. The present study demonstrates that although managers experience limitations in maintaining and developing work environment, their personal commitment to the task allows them to work towards continuous improvement.

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Daly, Marwa El. „Challenges and potentials of channeling local philanthropy towards development and aocial justice and the role of waqf (Islamic and Arab-civic endowments) in building community foundations“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16511.

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Diese Arbeit bietet eine solide theoretische Grundlage zu Philanthropie und religiös motivierten Spendenaktivitäten und deren Einfluss auf Wohltätigkeitstrends, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und einer auf dem Gedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit beruhenden Philanthropie. Untersucht werden dafür die Strukturen religiös motivierte Spenden, für die in der islamischen Tradition die Begriffe „zakat“, „Waqf“ oder im Plural auch „awqaf-“ oder „Sadaqa“ verwendet werden, der christliche Begriff dafür lautet „tithes“ oder „ushour“. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Rahmenwerk analysiert die qualitative und quantitative Feldstudie auf nationaler Ebene, wie die ägyptische Öffentlichkeit Philanthropie, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Menschenrechte, Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit und andere Konzepte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements wahrnimmt. Um eine umfassende und repräsentative Datengrundlage zu erhalten, wurden 2000 Haushalte, 200 zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen erfasst, sowie Spender, Empfänger, religiöse Wohltäter und andere Akteure interviewt. Die so gewonnen Erkenntnisse lassen aussagekräftige Aufschlüsse über philanthropische Trends zu. Erstmals wird so auch eine finanzielle Einschätzung und Bewertung der Aktivitäten im lokalen Wohltätigkeitsbereich möglich, die sich auf mehr als eine Billion US-Dollar beziffern lassen. Die Erhebung weist nach, dass gemessen an den Pro-Kopf-Aufwendungen die privaten Spendenaktivitäten weitaus wichtiger sind als auswärtige wirtschaftliche Hilfe für Ägypten. Das wiederum lässt Rückschlüsse zu, welche Bedeutung lokale Wohltätigkeit erlangen kann, wenn sie richtig gesteuert wird und nicht wie bislang oft im Teufelskreis von ad-hoc-Spenden oder Hilfen von Privatperson an Privatperson gefangen ist. Die Studie stellt außerdem eine Verbindung her zwischen lokalen Wohltätigkeits-Mechanismen, die meist auf religiösen und kulturellen Werten beruhen, und modernen Strukturen, wie etwa Gemeinde-Stiftungen oder Gemeinde-„waqf“, innerhalb derer die Spenden eine nachhaltige Veränderung bewirken können. Daher bietet diese Arbeit also eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Grundlage, die nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis, sondern auch den nachhaltiger Aus- und Aufbau lokaler Wohltätigkeitsstrukturen in Ägypten ermöglicht. Zentral ist dabei vor allem die Rolle lokaler, individueller Spenden, die beispielsweise für Stiftungen auf der Gemeindeebene eingesetzt, wesentlich zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen könnten – und das nicht nur in Ägypten, sondern in der gesamten arabischen Region. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieser Arbeit, wurde ein innovatives Modell entwickelt, dass neben den wissenschaftlichen Daten das Konzept der „waqf“ berücksichtigt. Der Wissenschaftlerin und einem engagierten Vorstand ist es auf dieser Grundlage gelungen, die Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) zu gründen, die nicht nur ein Modell für eine Bürgerstiftung ist, sondern auch das tradierte Konzept der „waqf“ als praktikable und verbürgte Wohlstätigkeitsstruktur sinnvoll weiterentwickelt.
This work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.

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Carreno-Lukasik, Gina D. „The rewards and challenges of hospice work“. Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05042009-122151.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2009.
Advisor: Jill Quadagno, Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Dept. of Sociology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on October 7, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 178 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

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Cain, Cindy L. „Heart Work: Challenges and Adaptations of Hospice Workers“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293534.

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This dissertation analyzes the everyday work experiences of hospice, a type of end-of-life care. The following chapters integrate micro-sociological perspectives with meso- and macro- level explanations of organizational behavior to account for workers' performances of emotional labor, care-related identities, constraints on their daily work, and ultimately hospice workers' strong commitment to their jobs and the hospice philosophy. Using a mixed methodological approach, I argue that hospice workers engage in emotional labor, but that instead of feeling dissonance or alienation, hospice workers develop a positive identity around their work. Their identities and work experiences are still constrained by institutional forces, however. Hospice workers' experiences highlight two tensions in the administration of caring labor: keeping commitment during times of organizational change and balancing the needs of the self with the needs of the care recipient. The main contributions of this work include new understandings of the relationships between identity, emotions, and work; a novel combination of theories that better explain care workers' behaviors and constraints on their action; and, a refined approach to thinking about emotional labor.

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Wilson, George. „Developing social work education : theoretical uncertainties and practical challenges“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603565.

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The main aims of this critical analysis are to demonstrate that the submitted seventeen papers comprise a body of work that satisfies the requirements for the degree of PhD by Published Works. Focusing on papers that have been most significant in my learning trajectory, the submission evaluates the contribution of the published works to the advancement of social work education and the current educational reform process in the UK. Together with exploring uncertainties and challenges that present barriers to improving qualifying education, the critical analysis considers how obstacles to development might be overcome. In addressing the submission's main theme of developing social work education the critical analysis focuses on three sub-themes that have been recurring areas of interest in my work: • The value and utility of key educational paradigms including reflective practice and evidence-based practice both from a theoretical perspective and based on learners' operational experience of these concepts; • Student experience of qualifying level social work education and different stakeholder perspectives on the quality and effectiveness of provision: • The challenges and opportunities for promoting social justice, producing critically reflective practitioners and delivering a functional training agenda. The submission begins with a thematic overview of my published works. This is followed in Chapter two by an analysis of values and theoretical ideas that have informed my research and publications. Chapter three outlines the origins of particular papers and discusses the interrelationship between the collected works. Chapter four critically evaluates the methodological approaches used in research projects on which papers are based. Chapter five presents a critical appraisal of the significance and originality of the corpus and its contribution to scholarship. The submission concludes by reflecting on my learning and indicating possible directions for future research and theoretical development.

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DICKHUT, LENA. „BUSINESS CASE DEVELOPMENT : CATEGORIZATION AND CHALLENGES“. Thesis, KTH, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199203.

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Every new product launching industrial company faces the difficulties of forecasting future success or failure of a new product before launch. Before launch it is common to develop a business case in order to estimate future quantities and set prices. In the present paper the challenges of developing a standardized business case tool for a large industrial construction and mining company are presented. Few academic studies have been conducted on the challenges and complexities of developing business cases. The research question under which this study is done is: What are the challenges associated with developing an effective standardized business case tool for a large industrial construction and mining company? Due to the different subject areas of the business case for new product launch, the challenges are categorized by topics developed by the researcher in the course of this project: process and team, data gathering and validation, quantity forecast and price forecast. The main challenges found in these categories by the researcher are: finding and motivating experts for the project of developing a standardized business case, gathering and selecting all data necessary without including redundant data, ensuring that different potential new products can be forecasted and designing the price forecast to be profit-maximizing. Solutions to these challenges are provided in the context of a case company by using methods suggested by the academic literature and the evaluation of expert interviews inside the case company

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Arroyo, Roberto G. „System Challenges for Bilingual Clinical Social Work in Forensic Settings“. ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7113.

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Little information exists about challenges that bilingual clinical social workers face when engaging individuals with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) in forensic settings, which may influence the efficacy of services provided. Bilingual clinical social workers in the U.S. state of South Carolina lack operational guidelines to assist people with LEP who are involved in forensic matters. The purpose of this study was to explore challenges that affect delivery of bilingual clinical social work to people with LEP in forensic settings. Ecological systems theory served as the conceptual framework for this study. Purposive and snowball sampling methods led to the participation of 6 licensed bilingual clinical social workers who met the criterion of experience in the provision of services to people with LEP in forensic settings, either in Spanish or American Sign Language (ASL). Data were collected using semistructured interviews through phone calls and videoconferencing platforms. Interviews were transcribed and reviewed by participants to ensure accuracy. Collected data were organized, processed, and analyzed through thematic analysis to identify emerging themes. Key themes included: financial constraints; low-priority for LEP clients; lack of community support; issues with service access; cross-agency collaborations; and laws, policies, and initiatives. The findings of this study may lead to positive social change by substantiating the importance of additional support for bilingual social workers in the form of education, supervision, and continued training. With support and collaboration, bilingual social workers may be able to enact social change to overcome challenges in the provision of services for LEP individuals.

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Olausson, Daniel. „Facing interface challenges in complex product development“. Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Projekt, innovationer och entreprenörskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51883.

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The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to New Product Development-literature by expanding the analysis of the R&D-manufacturing interface in complex product development in three areas, i.e. the outsourcing of manufacturing, uncertainty and time-criticality, and field service. The thesis focuses on interface challenges and solutions which concern three questions: How does the level of outsourcing of manufacturing affect the management of the R&Dmanufacturing interface in complex product development? How does the presence of uncertainty and time-criticality affect the management of the R&Dmanufacturing interface in complex product development? How does the need to consider field service requirements affect the management of the R&Dmanufacturing interface in complex product development? The background and point of departure is the realization that there are three areas which influence the management of the important, dynamic interface between R&D and manufacturing. First, the level of outsourcing of manufacturing is increasing in many industries, which makes it even more demanding to manage the R&D-manufacturing interface in complex product development. Second, complex product development may also be characterized by uncertainty and time-criticality, and previous research indicates that these factors need to be handled differently. Third, it is increasingly important to consider not only R&D and manufacturing, but also field service requirements. The research methodology rests on a multiple case study approach where the main case used in this thesis is an extreme case in terms of uncertainty, R&D intensity and volume levels, i.e. Micronic Laser Systems. The main findings of the thesis revolve around the identification of the challenges and solutions involved in complex product development. Based on five research papers, the thesis identifies challenges associated with each of the three research questions, and all challenges identified revolve around how to identify and understand conflicting requirements, to establish an understanding of changing prerequisites and their implications, and to ensure active involvement and a certain degree of competence overlap between organizational functions (internal as well as external). The solutions identified for handling these challenges have one thing in common, namely a focus on achieving controlled responsiveness and flexibility based on an understanding of tradeoffs, interaction, and informed decision-making. These solutions differ from those prescribed in conventional product development literature which tends to focus on upfront planning techniques and how to follow plans. The findings may be of value to a variety of managers in different environments, in particular for project managers who are involved in complex product development. The main reason is that this kind of product development exhibits challenges and solutions different from those described in conventional literature on new product development, at least in cases where there is some degree of uncertainty.

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Shahriyari, Salman. „Distributed Agile Development; Suitability, Challenges and Practices“. Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17340.

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Uncertainty in software development and business environment and the need to increase thespeed of development have driven organizations to search for methods that are responsive toboth change and speed. Providing iterative development, agile development involvescustomers and users through different phases of development, and delivers frequent releasesof software to customer while receives the corresponding feedback. Using this approach, agiledevelopment thus aims at addressing mentioned issues of speed and uncertainty whiledeveloping only what customer needs from the beginning of the project. On the other hand,distributed software development is used in many organizations to reach global talent andglobal market. The problems associated with distributed software development such as lack ofenough communication and team coherency, have forced project managers to combine it withagile to mitigate these social problems. This study focuses on distributed agile development,its suitability for a typical project and its challenges and deficiencies. Text analysis andinterviews using qualitative methods are used in this scientific research work. From thetheoretical view point, different text covering agile methodology, distributed development andcombination of them were considered. This study covered two parts: first, an evaluation ofagile and distributed development opportunities and problems to help determine whether ornot distributed development is suitable for a project and second, considering the challengesonce starting to use this method and practices required to regard them. For the empirical part,the focus was put on Volvo IT employees by having seven interviews with members who arecurrently active in distributed agile development. These interviews were used to compare andverify the finding of the theoretical part. The results of the study were categorized into twosections. In the first part, important elements required to verify the suitability of using thismethod are provided. The recommended factors for this evaluation are cost, productivity,customer, team structure, etc. In the second part, the challenges of using distributed agiledevelopment were categorized into four parts: (a) challenges of selected agile method, whichthe focus in this study is Scrum, (b) challenges with time-zone differences, (c) communicationchallenges and (d) finally team building challenges. The required practices to address thesechallenges were also provided.
Program: Masterutbildning i Informatik

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Yeung, Louise H. (Louise Ho-Yee). „Challenges in implementing green workforce development training“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81154.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-47).
To meet the labor demands of green economic development, workforce development programs are increasingly training low-income workers for living wage jobs that contribute to environmental services or benefits. Yet, effectively preparing workers for jobs in emergent green economies, which can span many different sectors from energy efficiency to waste management, presents significant challenges for job training programs in practice. This thesis investigates the difficulties of adding a green dimension to job training while still meeting the basic employment objectives of workforce development programs. Through the experiences of the Oakland Green Jobs Corps and the Baltimore Center for Green Careers (BCGC), I analyze the mechanisms through which each program has influenced labor supply and demand to enable jobs in the green economy. Ultimately, the two cases highlight the tradeoffs between achieving green objectives and securing employment for disadvantaged workers at scale. In shedding light on how and why different programmatic decisions have influenced performance outcomes, this thesis aims to inform other cities' decisions in developing green jobs training initiatives.
by Louise H. Yeung.
M.C.P.

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Mabena, Christinah Sibongile. „Terminology development in isiNdebele : challenges and solutions“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76366.

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Terminology development plays a significant role in the development of a language. IsiNdebele, as a South African language in its developmental stages, has been the focus of a great deal of attention since the dawning of South Africa’s new democracy. Consequently, the process of creating new terms for isiNdebele in a variety of fields, such as economics, science, health, law and information technology is currently underway. Successful terminology development is dependent on the stakeholders identified and on their knowledge of term-formation strategies. Among the stakeholders contributing to the expansion of isiNdebele terminology are lexicographers and language practitioners, as well as representatives of government departments such as the Department of Arts and Culture and the Department of Basic Education and Training. It must be taken into consideration that most of those who have been involved so far are not well equipped as regards term formation strategies. A small case study indicates that term formation strategies such as paraphrasing, transliteration, neologism, the compounding of words and semantic transfer were used. Paraphrasing was a frequently used strategy, followed by transliteration. From the outcomes, it was concluded that more workshops on term formation strategies should be held so as to equip isiNdebele collaborators with the knowledge necessary for the formation of terms. In future, a larger sample in should be considered in order to understand why other strategies were not that productively used in the formation of the terms considered, as well as investigating possible alternative strategies that could be utilized
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
African Languages
MA
Unrestricted

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Theußl, Stefan, Uwe Ligges und Kurt Hornik. „Prospects and Challenges in R Package Development“. Institute for Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/866/1/document.pdf.

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R, a software package for statistical computing and graphics, has evolved into the lingua franca of (computational) statistics. One of the cornerstones of R's success is the decentralized and modularized way of creating software using a multi-tiered development model: The R Development Core Team provides the "base system", which delivers basic statistical functionality, and many other developers contribute code in the form of extensions in a standardized format via so-called packages. In order to be accessible by a broader audience, packages are made available via standardized source code repositories. To support such a loosely coupled development model, repositories should be able to verify that the provided packages meet certain formal quality criteria and "work": both relative to the development of the base R system as well as with other packages (interoperability). However, established quality assurance systems and collaborative infrastructures typically face several challenges, some of which we will discuss in this paper.
Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

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Jackson, Nicole Denise. „Practice Challenges Among Social Work Mitigation Specialists and Interprofessional Supervision Methods“. ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6049.

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Social work supervision is a core component of the social work profession that is often absent for social workers in interprofessional teams. In capital defense practice settings, social workers are hired as mitigation specialists to work as members of the legal team. Informed by systems theory, the purpose of this action research study was to explore the practice challenges of social work mitigation specialists (SWMS) and how an interprofessional-focused supervision approach could be applied to resolve those issues. Six SWMS employed with capital defense agencies in Georgia and Texas were interviewed. Using a thematic coding analysis, several key themes emerged: (a) role navigation, (b) ethical dilemmas as practice challenges, (c) increased competence, and (d) team cohesion as dynamics that will improve with the implementation of an interprofessional-focused supervision approach. These findings provide understanding as to how supervision can be tailored to guide SWMS and other social workers in interprofessional settings. Recommendations for future research involve developing supervision guidelines for social work practice in interprofessional settings. Adhering to these suggestions might provide insight as to how interprofessional teams can work collaboratively, improving practice approaches and interventions to alter systems of service delivery and client outcomes. This provides the opportunity to effect social change by impacting individual practitioners and clients, as well as organizations, systems, and from a political perspective.

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Branhammar, Elin, und Angelica Edström. „Social Work with Street Children in Iringa, Tanzania : Challenges and Possibilities“. Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-23768.

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There is a large number of children living or spending most of their day on the street. The situation for those children is harsh since they for example do not get their basic needs met. Several organizations’ work includes interventions towards street children in their programmes, but the amount still increases every year. The aim with this study is to examine and explore which challenges the OVC-program face when working with street children, and how these challenges are addressed in their daily work. A qualitative approach was chosen where observations and interviews with personnel were conducted at the OVC- program in Iringa, Tanzania. The result shows that it is hard to know if the program’s goal – to reduce the number of street children in Iringa region – is reached as it is newly implemented. However, the program’s evaluation shows a positive trend. Focus in the work to fulfil the goal is primary the personnel’s attitudes towards the children. The result also shows that an empowerment- based approach is used in the daily work. By combining control and participation the possibility to help the street children to achieve autonomy increases. One challenge in the work is that this control limits the freedom on the street that the children desire. Consequently the relation between control and participation is important to create a successful intervention.
Det finns ett stort antal barn som lever eller spenderar merparten av sin dag på gatan. Situationen för dessa barn är svår, bland annat då deras basala behov inte blir tillgodosedda. Trots att många organisationer arbetar med interventioner riktade mot gatubarn ökar antalet varje år. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och utforska vilka utmaningar OVC-programmet möter i arbetet med gatubarn, samt på vilket sätt dessa utmaningar hanteras i den dagliga verksamheten. En kvalitativ ansats har valts för att besvara studiens syfte, där observationer och intervjuer med personal har genomförts på OVC-programmet i Iringa, Tanzania. Resultatet visar att programmets mål, att reducera antalet gatubarn i Iringaregionen, i dagsläget är svårt att uttala sig om då det nyligen är implementerat. Dock visar programmets utvärdering på en positiv utveckling. I arbetet mot att nå målet ligger fokus främst på personalens bemötande gentemot barnen. Resultatet visar även att ett empowermentbaserat arbetssätt tillämpas i den dagliga verksamheten. Genom att kombinera kontroll och medbestämmande skapas möjligheten att hjälpa gatubarnen till ett autonomt liv. En av utmaningarna i arbetet är att denna kontroll begränsar barnens frihet som de upplever och värdesätter på gatan. Därmed är relationen mellan kontroll och medbestämmande viktig för att skapa en lyckad intervention.

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Voida, Stephen. „Exploring user interface challenges in supporting activity-based knowledge work practices“. Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24721.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Mynatt, Elizabeth D.; Committee Member: Abowd, Gregory D.; Committee Member: Edwards, W. Keith; Committee Member: MacIntyre, Blair; Committee Member: Moran, Thomas P.

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Marfeo, Elizabeth Evelyn. „Examining conceptual and measurement challenges in mental health related work disability“. Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12505.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
According to the World Health Organization in 2000, mental health conditions accounted for five of the ten leading causes of disability worldwide. In the United States, the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program is the primary federal program that provides financial assistance to workers who are unable to participate in US workforce due to disability. In 2010, 34% of the SSDI benefits awarded to individuals were attributable to a mental condition. Three studies were conducted to examine various aspects of mental health related work disability. Study One: Measuring Interpersonal Interactions and Work Disability: Framework and Item Pool Development presented a novel conceptual framework and new set of items for measuring interpersonal interactions in the context of work. This paper discussed the utility of measuring mental health related work disability based on the proposed conceptual framework. Study Two: Mental Health Profiles among Persons Applying for SSDI used secondary data to examine mental health functional profiles among persons applying for SSDI benefits (claimants). The focus of this paper was to characterize claimants along four dimensions of mental health functioning (Depression/Anxiety, Confidence/Conscientiousness, Social Interactions, and Behavioral Control). Subgroup analysis was performed to examine the relationship between various demographic/clinical factors and mental health functioning. Study Three: Claimant-Provider Agreement for Mental Health Functioning related to Work Disability expanded on Study Two by including healthcare provider assessments of the claimant's mental health functioning. Analysis examined the extent to which provider and claimant responses were consistent and in agreement along the four dimensions of mental health functioning. These studies contribute to existing literature by conceptually expanding notions of mental health disability, applying that framework to develop meaningful profiles in mental health functioning among SSDI claimants, and illustrating important challenges with work related mental health functioning assessment. Claimants' mental health functioning scores were one standard deviation lower across all four scales as compared to a normative US adult sample. Results indicated that concordance between provider and claimant report of mental health functioning was poor. Systematic differences in agreement patterns of provider versus claimant responses were observed. Implications for future descriptive and validation work are discussed.

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Xu, Heng Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. „Managing everyday identity challenges at work : stories from a biotech company“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57768.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-196).
Work identity, how we view ourselves in a working capacity, is a central part of who we are and an indispensable element of our lives. Yet, difficult moments frequently occur that challenge our identity as competent and worthy workers. The ongoing construction of work identity is the focus of this thesis. By studying three employee groups in a biotech corporation (scientists, purchasers, and contractors), I explore the question of how people manage identity challenges at work. I observe three primary approaches: interpretive, relational, and presentational. I find that scientists face the charge of being lesser scientists concerning their move from academia into industry. To manage this challenge, the scientists primarily use an interpretive approach, developing frameworks that value practical research and stress the intellectual content of industry work. Their approach forms a boundary inversion strategy, altering the normative order of the social boundary between academic and industrial science. The purchasers experience a different type of challenge when they strive to be experts but their clients see them as clerks. With a relational approach, purchasers seek to change practices in joint projects and ultimately to reshape their interaction with clients in a manner more consistent with their aspired expert identity. This approach forms a boundary expansion strategy to shift the task boundary between purchasers and their clients. The third group, contractors, encounters a liminal state of being neither an insider nor an outsider of the company.
(cont.) They rely heavily on a presentational approach to project themselves like regular employees with a strong work ethic. This approach forms a boundary crossing strategy as individual contractors seek to become permanent employees. Comparisons across the three groups show that several boundary characteristics - the level of institutionalization, the permeability for social actors, and the relative status difference - are important to shape the micro responses and macro strategies that people adopt to manage their identity challenges, and ultimately remake the social boundaries that give rise to these challenges.
by Heng Xu.
Ph.D.

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Singer, Rachel. „The experience of clinicians who work with immigrants: challenges and opportunities“. Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2581.

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Thesis advisor: Usha Tummala-Narra
Immigrants in the United States experience a unique array of mental health stressors related to their experiences of migration and acculturation. For immigrants who are also persons of color, additional obstacles and stressors may compound their experiences. Previous research indicates that while psychologists who work with this population may endorse multicultural competence, they may not actually carry out culturally sensitive practices. Additionally, much of the present literature on therapy with minority clients focuses on aspirational goals. However, analyses of the ways in which these tenets are applied to clinical work are few and far between. What are the barriers to implementing these practices? What resources support clinicians who are working with diverse immigrant populations? The present qualitative study focused on the experience of clinicians who work with minority immigrant clients. Thirteen White psychologists responded to open-ended questions regarding their clinical experience with this population. Interview questions explored positive and negative clinical experiences, issues of power, and the ways in which the therapeutic relationship impacted clinicians' views of themselves. Results of the study indicate that internal and external systemic factors influenced clinicians' expectations for therapy as well as the manner in which they approached problematic relational outcomes. Analyses further highlighted the role of power and systemic influences on the therapeutic relationship. Participating psychologists painted a clear picture of the importance of collaborative, empathic relationships, which further highlights the consequences of neglecting to address underlying tensions. A clear and consistent theme of deeply personal commitment to their work transcended individual interviews. Implications for researchers, clinicians, and training institutions were addressed
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology

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Rivera, Moret Maritza. „Experiences and Challenges of Social Workers Providing Services to Elderly Veterans“. Thesis, Walden University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13813740.

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The social work practice problem of this doctoral action research project was the unmet mental health needs of veterans 65 and older in Puerto Rico. This action research project explored the experiences and challenges of social workers when they offer mental health services to veterans 65 and older. This study was framed using social support theory, integrating the 3 core elements of tangible support, emotional support, and informational support. The data collection technique included a semistructured interview protocol used in a focus group setting. Purposive sampling was used to identify 9 participants who were licensed social workers in Puerto Rico. Through content analysis, the findings were coded and organized into the following themes: educational background; ethics and wellbeing aspects; evaluation, interventions, and treatments; professional social and cultural competencies; social support experiences; multidisciplinary service coordination processes; and the elderly veterans’ unmet needs. The results of this study could be used by social workers and administrators to contribute to positive social change through the improvement of social work practices and the development of innovative knowledge when intervening with veterans 65 and older and their families in Puerto Rico.

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Gallegos, Kenny, und Leslie Stephanie Romero-Gallegos. „RESIDENTIAL COUNSELORS AND DUAL-STATUS YOUTH CHALLENGES AND RESILIENCY“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/714.

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This study explored the common challenges that residential counselors face when working with dual-status youth, which we defined as any youth with at least one open case with the child welfare system or juvenile justice system (or both) and who have previously had a case with the latter in their lifetime. Data were collected through qualitative interviews with their residential counselors across five different residential treatment centers in southern California. The most common challenges reported by the residential treatment counselors included multiple roles, role limitation, dual-status youth behaviors, deficiency in training, management, and preparation when working with dual-status youth in a residential treatment facility. This study also found that counselor resiliency served as a buffer against these common challenges. Findings from this study highlight the importance of considering the challenges residential counselors face while working with their dual-status youth clients in residential treatment facilities because it may affect their clients overall treatment. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of continuing to conduct research on short-term residential therapeutic center policy changes; as well as, the experiences of social workers with dual-status youth clients in residential treatment facilities who are served by residential counselors.

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Yin, Yuhong. „Geographically Distributed Development : trends, challenges and best practices“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42373.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, February 2007.
"January 2007."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-103).
Economic and market forces as well as technological progress emerging throughout the last decade signifies the Geographically Distributed Development (GDD) or Global Software Development (GSD) as a software industry norm or necessity that is receiving considerable interest from companies all over the world. This thesis clarifies the terms used in distributed development practice, studies the status, key business drivers and major challenges of GDD or GSD, and then proposes a revised six-force framework to leverage the capabilities of geographically distributed development model. The proposed framework covers both the strategic and tactic aspects of investing and managing a global project team, including Strategic Vision and Management Skills, Organizational Structure and Team Building, Collaborative Technologies, Development Methodology and Software Life-Cycle Management in planning and managing distributed project and leveraging global teams. This thesis uses a case study to validate the challenges and concerns identified and to conclude that many problems in geographically distributed development can be overcome to enable companies to systematically harness the potential of this development model.
by Yuhong Yin.
S.M.

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Khong, Daniel. „Urban development partnerships challenges for leadership and management“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65783.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-68).
'Partnership' is a term which is used very liberally in the context of large scale urban development. Mixed-use, brownfield projects, transit-oriented development, urban regeneration: all these projects require partnerships of a sort. This thesis reviews definitions of partnership and outlines benefits and shortcomings. In addition, managerial tools, group work processes, and leadership strategies are discussed with a view to understanding what the most effective approaches are to working in partnership. Managing consensus across organization boundaries and over long project durations is difficult. Indeed, it is arguably an amplification of dealing with the internal workings of a multi-disciplinary company. Approaches differ from building collaborative cultures, focusing on formal structures, and strengthening social and political networks. In reality, all three are always at play. However, circumstances, culture, and personal leadership preferences, will contribute to why one strategy might dominate in a given situation. The thesis finds that partnership in urban development is a reality which no sector has the luxury of avoiding. However, it may be possible to increase the scope and benefits of partnership, particularly in the making of great urban places. To do so will involve rethinking this mode of working to extend the breadth of activities. It will involve a broader range of partners representing a greater variety of interests and bringing wider capabilities. Inevitably, this will add further complexity. In order to assist leaders and managers in the middle of such contexts, a managerial framework has been developed. It is both a diagnostic and strategic tool to deal with the integration challenges, political and cultural dynamics of partnership situations.
by Daniel Khong.
M.B.A.

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Lussier, Kattie. „The Learning Challenges of Capacity Development in Vietnam“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487895.

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In recent years, the concept of capacity development (CD) has gained ascendancy in development programmes. However, the understandings and practices of CD vary considerably. Moreover, the learning dimension of processes utilised to develop capacities is often under-explored. This thesis critically examines the CD discourses and practices taking place in Thua Thien Hue province i.n Vietnam. Specifically, it explores the relationships between adult Iearning and CD,Ã‚Â· as perceived and defined by Vietnamese stakeholders. The research looks at the forms and understandings of CD taking place, the challenges they represent and the activities that are perceived to contribute to change. By doing so, it hopes to bring the perspectives of actors whose voices are seldom heard in the CD discourse to the fore, and to help narrow the perceived ,gap between understandings and practices of CD. It also aims to contribute to the growing body of t~eory around CD processes and approaches. Using an approach inspired by grounded theory, the research has identified three main learning challenges regularly faced by people involved in CD. These are: applying and transferring knowledge, skills and attitudes; engaging learners; and dealing with different mindsets and interests. These challenges, as well as other cross-cutting ones, influence each other in a systemic manner and add to the complexity of the processes aiming to develop capacities for development. In order to explore these challenges, the thesis looks at four approaches to CD: the farmer field school, the training and model approach, training of trainers and action based education. It inquires, in a particular context, into the ways these approaches deal with challenges and identifies proc~sses that appear to address them. Finally, .the thesis draws together a range of theoretical components from different fields ~ particularly that of adult learning - in an attempt to make sense of what can be done to reconcile CD practices and discourses. in the research area, while also providing evidence to advance global discussion on the relationships between CD, learning and qhange.

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Qureshi, Naima. „Professional development of teacher educators : challenges and opportunities“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79421/.

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This study examines the challenges and opportunities for the professional development of teacher educators in a leading teacher education university in Pakistan. It underpins the participatory and sociocultural perspectives of learning to gain insight into teacher educators’ learning. This research deployed a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach, using questionnaires followed by semi-structured interviews. Interviews were conducted with teacher educators, heads of the departments, campus principals and higher management personnel. The study highlights the fact that the teacher educators do not have any formal permanent system of professional development. The findings further reveal the diverse professional characteristics of teacher educators in terms of experience in teaching, research and professional qualifications, which lead to varied learning experiences and professional challenges to teacher educators in their respective roles. Beginner teacher educators with no professional qualification and inadequate teaching and research experience face more challenges in meeting the demands of the higher education settings. Teaching appears to be the major professional role of teacher educators in comparisons to curriculum design, mentoring or engagement in research. This study raises a number of issues regarding professional adequacy and entry requirements of teacher educators, as well as the status of the field of teacher education in Pakistan. A key finding of this study is the contested context of the University as a workplace, which inhibited the professional relationship of teacher educators. This resulted in a balkanized culture, which challenged the learning of teacher educators. In addition, inequitable and insufficient access to resources, lack of professional support from management and excessive workloads limited the opportunities for learning. The study also highlights the fact that teacher educators are relying more on peer and self-learning. However, peer-learning was not evenly observed across all campuses. This research improves our understanding of Community of Practice showing that the concept needs to consider power, culture and disentangle the relationship between working conditions and learning. It also gives insight to the conceptualization of workplace affordances by seeing that such affordances are both personal and institutional. In terms of looking at Eraut’s ideas of informal learning, this research adds to our understanding that it is not just learning and contextual factors (institutional factors) which affect the learning of the individuals but also their professional context. In this research, professional context includes professional experiences (teacher educators’ repertoires in teaching and research), qualifications, their differentiated roles and positions. By doing so the research has added to the discourse of informal learning and provides an empirical study in the field of teacher education. In addition, this research provides deeper insight of teacher educators’ learning, and can assist in designing and strengthening the professional development opportunities for teacher educators in Pakistan.

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Limon, Emilee. „CHALLENGES MEDICAL SOCIAL WORKERS FACE THAT LEAD TO BURNOUT“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/687.

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ABSTRACT This study explored the challenges medical social workers face that lead to burnout. Currently, there is literature on burnout among health care providers and social workers, but not specifically on social workers in the medical field. The current study aimed to fill this gap in literature. Due to the lack of literature, the study used an exploratory, qualitative design. The study utilized individual interviews with a non-random purposive sample of nine medical social workers currently employed at Kaiser Permanente’s Fontana/Ontario Social Services Department. Interviews with participants were recorded and transcribed. Transcriptions were analyzed using thematic analysis. Major themes that emerged were organizational challenges, challenges working in multidisciplinary teams, working in the medical field, and limited resources. The study’s findings aim to increase awareness of the issue of burnout among medical social workers and to contribute to the implementation of interventions or policies within health care settings to prevent burnout among medical social workers.

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Västerlund, Therese. „"Tänk hur många killar vi hade räddat om vi hade låtit dem läsa faktatext om bilar eller grodor" : En empirisk studie om lärares stöttning och utmaning i läsning av faktatexter i år 4 - 6“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105242.

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Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur lärare från olika skolor arbetar med faktatexter i skolan utifrån ett teoretiskt ramverk som grundar sig i det sociokulturella perspektivet i kombination med Gibbons fyrfältsmodell bestående av olika zoner av lärande där den ultimata zonen för lärande är utvecklingszonen där eleverna får mycket stöttning i kombination med hög kognitiv utmaning. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem lärare verksamma i årskurserna 4 - 6 kunde studiens data samlas in och datan analyserades sedan utefter frågeställningarna som handlar om hur elever stöttas och utmanas i läsandet av faktatexter. Resultatet visade att lärarna stöttar eleverna på många olika vis, bland annat genom att välja texter kopplade till kontextuella sammanhang samt genom att ha gemensamma läsningar och genomgångar av texter. De utmanar elever på olika sätt, bland annat genom att välja en lite svårare text för att säkerställa att alla elever tar sig igenom en lärandezon. En slutsats är dock att mer fokus läggs på stöttning än på utmaning. Detta stämmer väl överens med tidigare forskning som visat hur elever får stöttning för att bygga upp de olika lässtrategier som behövs för att läsa och förstå en text, men också att det tycks finnas mindre kunskap om hur utmaningen ska gå till. Studiens didaktiska implikationer är att mer fokus bör läggas på hur elever kan utmanas i läsning av faktatexter för att säkerställa att alla elever hamnar i en lärandezon.

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Bailey, Beth A., David Wood, Andrea Clements, Kerry Proctor-Williams, Kara Boynewicz, Carol Marie Trivette und Nathaniel Allen Justice. „Polydrug Use and Other Risk Factors Among Women Receiving MAT During Pregnancy: Challenges for Research on Health and Developmental Effects in Infancy and Beyond“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7665.

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Lindström, Gustav. „The Challenges of adopting DevOps“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264179.

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In traditional Software Development Life Cycle, medium and large organizations tend to divide the activities of Operations and Development into separate departments. These groups often have a troublesome relationship because of different incentives during the software delivery process. As a result, conflicts occur between development and operations personnel as they blame each other to be the cause of long lead times and inefficient software delivery processes. The concept of DevOps emerged trying to resolve the problem that arises when separating the work of Development and Operations into organizational silos. The term DevOps is a combination of the abbreviations of Development (Dev) and Operations (Ops). DevOps aim to create a coalition that spans between Development (software developers and quality assurance) and Operation (experts responsible to roll out software to production and managing the infrastructure, e.g. system, network and database administrators and technicians). The idea is to increase the speed of the software delivery process and to quickly solve critical issues, enable organizations to better serve their customers. DevOps means that development teams who previously were solely responsible for the development of their applications now have to manage and govern both development and operational responsibilities. Thus, the adoption of DevOps might introduce new type of challenges and implications for the traditional development teams. Current literature and research about DevOps focus mainly on the challenges that DevOps attempts to overcome. There is a lack of literature on the challenges that practitioners encounter during the adoption of DevOps. As more organizations and companies tend to adopt the concept of DevOps, it increases the need to understand potential challenges and effects of adopting DevOps. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the challenges that development teams encounter during the adoption of DevOps. This research was conducted by an inductive research approach through a single qualitative case study, with the use of semi-structured interviews. In total, four main challenges and fourteen sub-challenges were identified in this study. The four main challenges identified was, lack of awareness, lack of support for DevOps, implementing DevOps technology and adapting organizational processes to DevOps. This study concludes that the adoption of DevOps has a profound impact on the role of a software developer, and that the traditional role of a software developer needs to be evolved. The research provides four recommendations and means to overcome the challenges identified in this research, establishing common ways of working and spreading the knowledge, building commitment and trust by smarter seating, allocate time and resources to transition and trying out with one team and one application.
I traditionell livscykel för mjukvaruutveckling tenderar medelstora och stora organisationer att dela upp verksamheten i drift och utveckling i separata avdelningar. Dessa grupper har ofta en besvärlig relation på grund av olika incitament under mjukvaruleveransprocessen. Som ett resultat uppstår konflikter mellan utvecklings- och driftpersonal eftersom de beskyller varandra för att vara orsaken till långa ledtider och ineffektiva mjukvaruleveransprocesser. Konceptet DevOps uppstod för att försöka lösa det problem som uppstår när man separerar utveckling och drift i organisationella silosar. Termen DevOps är en kombination av förkortningarna för utveckling (Dev) och drift (Ops). DevOps syftar till att skapa en koalition som sträcker sig mellan utveckling (mjukvaruutvecklare och kvalitetssäkring) och drift (system-, nätverks- och databasadministratörer och tekniker). Idén är att öka hastigheten av mjukvaruleveranser och att snabbt lösa kritiska problem för att förbättra organisationens förmåga att betjäna sina kunder. DevOps innebär att utvecklingsgrupper som tidigare enbart ansvarade för utvecklingen av sina applikationer nu även har driftansvar. Således kan antagandet av DevOps introducera nya typer av utmaningar och konsekvenser för de traditionella utvecklingsgrupperna. Aktuell litteratur och forskning kring DevOps fokuserar främst på de utmaningar som DevOps försöker övervinna. Därav finns det brist på litteratur kring de utmaningar som utövare stöter på under antagandet av DevOps. Eftersom fler organisationer och företag tenderar att adoptera begreppet DevOps ökar behovet av att förstå potentiella utmaningar och effekter av att anta DevOps. Därav är syftet med denna studie att undersöka de utmaningar som utvecklingsgrupper bemöter under antagandet av DevOps. Denna forskning utfördes genom en induktiv forskningsinriktning, en kvalitativ fallstudie och datainsamling genom halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Totalt identifierades fyra huvudutmaningar och fjorton sub utmaningar i denna studie. De fyra huvudsakliga utmaningar som identifierades var, brist på medvetenhet, brist på stöd för DevOps, implementering av DevOps-teknik och anpassning av organisationsprocesser till DevOps. Den här studien drar slutsatsen att antagandet av DevOps har en djupgående inverkan på rollen som en mjukvaruutvecklare och att den traditionella rollen som en mjukvaruutvecklare behöver utvecklas. Studien ger fyra rekommendationer och medel för att övervinna de utmaningar som identifierats, etablering av gemensamma sätt att arbeta och sprida kunskapen, bygga upp engagemang och förtroende genom smartare sittplatser, fördela tid och resurser till övergången samt prova med ett lag och en applikation.

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Bailey, B., David Wood, Andrea Clements, Kerry Proctor-Williams, Kara Boynewicz, K. Trivette und N. Justice. „Poly-drug Use and Other Risk Factors Among Women Receiving MAT During Pregnancy: Challenges for Research on Health and Developmental Effects in Infancy and Beyond“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1816.

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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan. „Small-scale anaerobic digesters in Vietnam - development and challenges“. Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88525.

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Small-scale anaerobic digesters, known as biogas plants, were applied as an optimal livestock waste treatment as well as biogas supply for cooking and lighting demand for small-scale farmers in Vietnam. Although the biogas technology was introduced for nearly 30 years, the number of the constructed biogas plants is still limited. The current development of biogas plants is far below the real demand on livestock waste treatment that has increased significantly. This paper gives a comprehensive overview on the biogas plant development in Vietnam and attempts to address the challenges and discuss appropriate solutions for the further biogas development
Mô hình lên men yếm khí quy mô nhỏ (được biết với tên hầm ủ khí sinh học) đã được ứng dụng hiệu quả trong xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi cũng như cung cấp nguồn nhiên liệu phục vụ nhu cầu nấu ăn và thắp sáng cho các hộ chăn nuôi nhỏ ở Việt Nam. Mặc dù đã hiện diện gần 30 năm, nhưng số lượng hầm ủ khí sinh học vẫn còn hạn chế. Sự gia tăng số lượng hầm ủ khí sinh học chưa theo kịp với nhu cầu về xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi đang ngày càng gia tăng. Bài báo trình bày các chặng đường phát triển của hầm ủ khí sinh học tại Việt Nam, ghi nhận các thách thức trong việc nhân rộng hầm ủ khí sinh học trong thực tế và thảo luận một số giải pháp để phát triển công nghệ khí sinh học

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Nqadini, Mlungisi Patrick. „Development challenges in Khayelitsha : an analysis of related issues“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51684.

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Thesis (MAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Apartheid statutes like the former Group Areas Act created what is referred as "Apartheid Dormitory Cities". Khayelitsha is a typical creation of apartheid. As a result Khayelitsha faces many socio-economic challenges such as poverty, low standard of living characterised by low income distribution or no income, high rate of unemployment, illiteracy, education problems, housing problems, health problems and poor economic conditions. Attempts were made to create civic associations and development structures to deal with socio-economic challenges in Khayelitsha, but all those attempts never brought about development solutions. The Khayelitsha community tends to have a poor participatory planning role in development related issues. Khayelitsha as an apartheid legacy city will take a long time to dismantle in social, economic and purely practical terms. Rebuilding Khayelitsha equitably will be a tough exercise. The government strives to develop South Africa from a society of racially based compartmentalisation into a non-racial, developed country with equal opportunities, better education, health, housing and employment.These challenges are Khayelitsha's major problems which cannot be solved overnight. The problem faced is the re-integration of the separated zones of the former group areas. This makes it difficult to share the economic resources that are needed in Khayelitsha in order to solve its socio-economic problems. The integration of cities will only come about if the restructuring is in accordance with specific needs of the Khayelitsha community. People of Khayelitsha should be involved in the planning of their own city and be able to make informed decisions. The objective of this thesis is to analyse related development issues and challenges in Khayelitsha and to provide possible solutions contributing to development. Government and development agencies can draw lessons from the recommendations of this thesis and come up with sustainable and people-centred development-related strategies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Eertydse Apartheidswetgewing soos die herroepte Groepsgebiedewet as een van die wetgewende elemente van die Apartheidsperiode, was verantwoordelik vir die skepping van sogenaamde "apartheidslaapdorpe". Khayelitsha kan beskou word as 'n tipiese voorbeeld en skepping van so 'n "slaapdorp" as gevolg van Apartheid. As direkte resultaat hiervan ervaar Khayeltisha talle sosio-ekonomiese uitdagings soos armoede, lae lewenstandaarde gekenmerk deur huishoudings met lae inkomste verdelings en in sommige gevalle geen inkomstes, hoë werkloosheid, ongeletterdheid, onderwysprobleme, behuisingsprobleme, gesondheidsprobleme en algemene swak ekonomiese omstandighede. Pogings is wel in die verlede aangewend om burgerlike organisasies in Khayelitsha van stapel te stuur, maar hierdie pogings het daarin gefaal om werklike en meetbare ontwikkelingsoplossings te bewerkstellig. Die Khayelitsha gemeenskap vervul 'n beperkte deelnemende beplanningsrol in ontwikkelinggebaseerde aangeleenthede. In praktyk sal Khayelitsha, as apartheidstad, lank neem om volwaardig te ontluik in terme van sosiale-, ekonomiese-, en verwante aanwysers en sal die regverdige en verteenwoordigende heropbouingsproses nie sonder struikelblokke ervaar word nie. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Regering strewe daarna om die land te ontwikkel vanaf 'n samelewing gekenmerk deur rasgebaseerde kompartementalisering na 'n nie-rasgebonde gemeenskap met gelyke geleenthede in terme van onderwys, gesondheid, behuising en werksgeleenthede. Hierdie aangeleenthede vorm deel van die uitdagings wat Khayelitsha in die oog staar. Oplossings sal nie sommer oornag gevind word nie. Die probleem wat oorkom moet word is die herintegrasie van aparte sones as gevolg van eertydse geskepte groepsgebiede. As gevolg hiervan is dit moeilik om ekonomiese hulpbronne, wat dringend in Khayelitsha benodig word, te herverdeel en te versprei ten einde die omvangryke sosio-ekonomiese probleem te verlig. Die integrasie van stede en spesifiek Khayelitsha, sal alleenlik suksesvol wees indien die herstruktueringsproses plaasvind met inagneming van die spesifieke benodighede en tekortkominge van die gemeenskap. Die gemeenskap van Khayelitsha moet betrek word in die beplanning van hul eie stad en deurgaans deel vorm van effektiewe konsultasie ten einde ingeligde besluite te kan maak, iets wat tans ontbreek.

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Chen, Xiao. „Development challenges for Chinese private manufacturing firms in globalisation“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267790.

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Since the late 1970s, China has gradually transformed from a planned system towards a market economy and its private sector has played increasingly important roles in the national development. During the process, Chinese private manufacturing firms made remarkable contribution to advancing reform, driving growth, enhancing export and improving employment. After the early 2000s, China joined in the World Trade Organisation and aimed to further progress its development through globalisation. The deep integration with the global economy has greatly facilitated China’s global competitiveness in manufacturing industries, but it has also brought the country with a series of development challenges. Nowadays, many Chinese private manufacturing firms are encountering various problems and stuck in development predicament. This dissertation tries to explore the question: What are the current development challenges for Chinese private manufacturing firms in globalisation? The research question is relevant to a wide range of theoretical and empirical research in development studies, including firm competition in global value chains, industrial districts in the global economy, large business in global competition and global battles within China. Building on critical reviews on related literature, the dissertation tries to enrich the existing knowledge by investigating the latest development of China’s manufacturing industries, analysing the challenges and responses of Chinese leading private firms of both large and small sizes individually, and discussing how the interaction of foreign and indigenous firms in both domestic and international markets shapes the global competitiveness of Chinese private firms. The dissertation mainly conducts qualitative inquiry and case studies to analyse the research question. Wenzhou is an outstanding pioneer in China to develop private economy and lead economic reform. The dissertation therefore makes in-depth investigation on Wenzhou’s leading firms in the footwear and the electrical equipment industries, to reflect China’s development in globalisation. Based on Wenzhou’s experience, the dissertation summarises the competition situation of Chinese private manufacturing firms in globalisation, concludes their current development challenges and puts forward policy implications for China’s economic reform and industrial upgrade.

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Singla, Chandan Dev. „Knowledge-based cluster development in India : opportunities and challenges“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58642.

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Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, Center for Real Estate, 2008.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-92).
Knowledge-based industries tend to cluster. The nature of activities illustrate the importance of networks and virtual and proximity aspects of clustering. Review of existing literature brings out the advantages of clustering for such industries. The purpose of the study is to comprehend the current status of development, both economic and real estate, in the knowledge-based industries in India. A stylized model is used as a reference to understand the status of economic development. Current body of literature and interview results from this study suggests transitioning nature of India's knowledge-based industry from being a services provider to becoming a knowledge provider. However, there are challenges in the transition process related to infrastructure and human resource. This study suggests that a large scale mixed use project may in fact be able to address some of the ongoing issues in the economic domain. The proposed development may lead to clustering of business and universities thus, giving rise to a knowledge-based cluster in India.
by Chandan Dev Singla.
S.M.in Real Estate Development

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Sawah, Wissam, und Nicklas König. „Development Of Enterprise Software Applications : Implementation challenges & opportunities“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21461.

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Companies are looking for ways to improve their business practices to work more efficiently.They are also looking for technology that can improve their workflows and customer service systems. Here comes the need of enterprise software applications, theses softwares allows companies to cut costs and standardize the way they work, ensuring that everyone is working towards the same goal. The objective of this study is an assignment from Ericsson Business Support Solutions with the purpose of studying the effect of transitioning from the currently used process (CSV files) to an interactive web UI, when it comes to the process of handling offering of software capabilities.In this study, we aim to study the challenges and opportunities of developing an enterprise application software(EAS) and its impact on the productivity of end users.This research will also study the challenges and benefits of developing an enterprise software application (Digital marketplace) that will be used in a large (+500 employees) organization. In addition, the study will research security aspects that should be considered when developing enterprise softwares. Two sorts of studies have been conducted to answer the research questions. In order to understand and gain knowledge about the process of enterprise software development and to be able to point out which challenges and benefits there are and to get closer view of which security aspects should be in consideration when developing a software on this scale, a literature study was conducted. In order to observe and investigate whether web interfaces are a better solution / method than CSV files, and thus see the possibility of whether web interfaces can generally replace CSV files when it comes to CRUD, search and filtering information an empirical study was carried out through the development of a user interface and a usability test survey was conducted. The overall results of the study consistently show that UI is a more resourceful alternate to the CSV files if the challenges posed by the enterprise software are sufficiently engaged and taken care of. A solid insight and expertise into information technology, pragmatic solutions to the security challenges, and careful consideration of the participants' complaints will be helpful in creating functional enterprise software.

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