Dissertationen zum Thema „Céramiques optiques“
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Bai, Xue. „Verres et céramiques de chalcogénures pour applications en optiques actives“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S120/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this work is to develop materials for efficient frequency conversion. Two types of materials were studied. The first type relates to materials for frequency doubling by using second harmonic generation. We selected chalcogenide glass ceramics GeS₂+βGeS₂ and Ge₂₀Sb₁₂S₆₈+Cds for this study with a low difference of refractive index between the glass phase and the crystals. These ceramics were synthesized by melt-quenching technique and by combination of mechanical milling and Spark Plasma Sintering. The obtained glass ceramics have a high compactness greater than 99.9%. The optical losses due to scattering, particularly at shorter wavelengths, must be further improved before measurement of second harmonic generation. This new synthesis technique also allowed the manufacture of chalcogenide glasses which have a strong tendency to crystallize. The example was given by the synthesis of the glass Ge₁₅Ga₂₀S₆₅, located outside of the glass forming region determined by using the conventional melt-quenching method. The second type of the studied materials was related to luminescent materials with broadband absorption and emission. Transition metal ions, Fe, Ni and Mn, and divalent rare earth ion Eu were selected for its electronic transitions involving d-shell electrons. Wide and intense emissions were obtained with Eu²⁺ ions in CaS/ZnS and SrS/ZnS ceramics. The FWHM may exceed 100 nm. It has been demonstrated that the position of the emission strongly depends on the chemical environment of Eu²⁺ ions. In order to continuously adjust the position of the emission, thin films containing different Sr/Ca ratios were deposited by magnetron sputtering. Wide and adjustable emissions were obtained
Reillon, Vincent. „Caractérisation et modélisation des propriétés optiques et colorimétriques des céramiques lustrées“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00374766.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParmi les phénomènes entrant en jeu, on retrouve des effets d'absorption plasmon, des effets d'interférences et des effets de diffusion. Par ailleurs, des effets d'interférences en dehors de la direction spéculaire ont été mis en évidence. Le travail de modélisation a consisté à développer la simulation de ces effets d'interférence hors spéculaire puis à intégrer dans un même modèle les effets listés précédemment ayant la particularité d'intervenir à des échelles différentes et d'être décrits par des modèles spécifiques. Les spectres obtenus avec le modèle ainsi développé reproduisent les effets de couleur observés.
Enfin, le travail de caractérisation effectué sur plus de 200 échantillons provenant de toutes les époques et des principaux centres de production a permis pour la première fois d'obtenir une vue globale de l'ensemble de la production de céramiques lustrées et de mettre en avant des pistes de réflexion sur l'évolution de la technique et le savoir faire des potiers de l'époque.
Durand, Guillaume. „Élaboration de céramiques transparentes de CaLa₂S₄ pour applications optiques dans l'infrarouge“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S155.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focuses on the elaboration of CaLa₂S₄ transparent ceramics for IR optical applications in the MWIR and LWIR atmospheric windows. Various synthesis methods were explored for the elaboration of high purity cubic ceramic powders with adequate morphology for densification. As a result, we developed an innovative combustion method of this material. Different sintering techniques were investigated: Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), Hot Pressing (HP) and Sintering in sulfurizing atmosphere (H₂S) combined to Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). Hot Pressing produces IR transparent ceramics. However, their optical properties are affected by the presence of absorption bands and significant blackening due to the interaction of the material with the graphite. These two issues have been solved by using sintering coupled to post-HIP. Transmission of the optics obtained by this process reaches the theoretical transmission of 68 % at 13μm
Choucair, Sarkis. „Élaboration, dopage et caractérisations de matériaux types PMN-PT et PZN-PT à activités piézo-électriques, électro-optique et acousto-optiques géantes“. Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0017/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research work studies the nonlinear behavior of rhombohedral ceramics PMN-25PT and single crystals PZN-4. 5PT under compressive uniaxial stress. These materials are used for various sensing and actuation applications and act as smart materials. The stability of the characteristics of these materials under the influence of external pressures is one of the characteristics sought for these materials. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a model for the study of the switched domains and the variation of the microscopic polarization versus the applied mechanical stress, and to model this depolarization by applying the Maxwell Boltzmann statistics
Dupont, Agnès. „Nouveaux matériaux pour sources ou amplificateurs laser : les céramiques transparentes laser“. Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12835.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHakmeh, Noha. „Élaboration et caractérisation de luminophores et céramiques optiques IR à base d’(oxy)sulfures“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S052/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the elaboration of phosphors (La₂O₂S:Er,Yb, La₂O₂S:Nd, Lu₂O₂S:Nd, CaLa₂S₄:Nd) and optical IR ceramics (ZnS and CaLa₂S₄). First, the routes for the synthesis of high purity powders have been developed, mainly by combustion method followed by H₂S(/N₂) treatment. La₂O₂S:Er, Yb nanopowders (50-200 nm) proved to be very efficient phosphors for up-conversion. La₂O₂S: Nd nanopowders (~250 nm) have a laser effect with a 2.5 mJ output energy and a yield higher than 15%. The densification by hot pressing of ZnS powders prepared following three synthesis routes (precipitation, combustion synthesis and reaction melt) has developed ZnS transparent ceramic of CVD‐HIP quality, with maximum transmission greater than 73% at 12μm (from powders obtained by precipitation) and with the theoretical maximum transmission of 75% at 10μm (from powders obtained by combustion). Hot pressing of CaLa₂S₄ powders, between 1100°C and 1300°C, leads to IR opaque ceramics with black color, due to carbon diffusion from the sintering matrix and/or to sulfur loss. CaLa₂S₄ as new phosphor matrix material tolerates high Nd doping level. After excitation at 815 nm, it shows two intense emissions at 900 nm and 1060 nm, and a lower transmission at 1350nm with a luminescence intensity that increases up to 10% (mol) Nd
Monteiro, Charlotte. „Obtention de céramiques polycristallines transparentes à propriétés optiques par cristallisation complète et orientée du verre“. Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaterials showing long-lasting luminescence properties can be seen as « optical batteries ». Indeed, they can be charged by an optical excitation source and discharged with the emission of visible light. One of the major challenges long-lasting phosphors are facing is the synthesis of fully crystallized and transparent materials, which would enable an optical emission in the entire volume of the sample. Recently, the CEMHTI laboratory has developed an innovative synthesis process to obtain transparent ceramics: the full crystallization from a parent glass. This approach was used all along this work in order to synthetize new crystalline materials showing long-lasting luminescence properties. Three pseudo-binary systems have been studied: SrAl2O4-SrAl2Si2O8, BaAl2O4-BaAl2Si2O8 and CaAl2O4-CaAl2Si2O8. Among the principal results, it has been shown that Sr1-x/2Al2-xSixO4 and Ba1-x/2Al2-xSixO4 solid-solutions enable the modulation of long-lasting luminescence properties compared to those of their parent materials, respectively SrAl2O4 and BaAl2O4. Moreover, two transparent and biphasic ceramics, composed of the two new Ba1-x/2Al2-xSixO4 and Ba1+x/2Al2+xSi2-xO8 solid-solutions, were synthetized. Finally, the study of a particular composition close to CaAl2Si2O8 showed the possibility to stabilize a new crystalline phase located in the volume of the sample using an original crystallization process caused by the nucleating agent role played by europium. This last result reinforces the interest of the CaAl2O4-CaAl2Si2O8 pseudo-binary system in order to further synthetize large transparent ceramics via glass crystallization
Chrétien, Lucie. „Relations entre le procédé céramique et les propriétés optiques de céramiques transparentes de type YAG-Nd : rôle des étapes de mise en forme et frittage“. Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince 90’s, transparent Nd:YAG ceramics have received considerable attention as applications as amplifying media of high-power lasers. Contrary to single crystals, commonly used currently for these applications, ceramics can be fabricated into large size with complicated architectures. However, it appears that the transparency and the laser efficiency of ceramics are strongly affected by residual porosity generating light scattering. In this context, in a first step, this study focused to determine mechanisms controlling porosity evolution of Nd:YAG ceramics at each step of process in order to eliminate this one. This work showed that the residual porosity may have various origins, and result in particular of initial powder characteristics and/or reactive-sintering which can induce under certain conditions at a phenomenon of separation pore/grain boundary. In a second step, this study has shown that the use of a fine and few agglomerate alumina powder, a shaping process with pressure slip-casting and CIP and finally the use of a sinter plus Hot Isostatic Pressing technique achieved Nd:YAG transparent ceramics with homogeneous microstructure and laser quality
Bertrand, Anthony. „Verres, vitrocéramiques et céramiques à base de TeO₂ pour l'optique“. Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0086/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to provide an answer to the growing need in means of communication, the research is pushed towards the development of all-optical or electro-optical systems for fast detection, storage or transfer of information. Meanwhile, the actual systems suffers from “long” time-response (10-9 to 10-10 s) compared to those based on nonlinear optical phenomena such as Second Harmonic Generation (SHG). Amongst a wide choice of nonlinear optical materials, TeO2-based glasses are interesting candidates because of their high nonlinear response (50 times that of silica) and their high optical transparency in the visible and near-IR range. Moreover, glasses exhibit essential qualities for the development of such systems : low cost, ease of fabrication and a wide range of chemical composition compared to single crystals. Yet, the lack of second order nonlinear susceptibility in glassy materials because of their isotropy makes them incapable to generate the frequency-doubling of a light beam. Thus, this PhD thesis consisted in the elaboration of transparent glass-ceramics by in situ crystallization or incorporation of non-centrosymmetric crystals (which generates SHG) using non-conventional technics, the tellurite glasses studied showing evidence of surface crystallization due to heterogeneous nucleation. Finally, we also investigated the elaboration of transparent TeO2-based ceramics by congruent crystallization of glass
Vitupier, Yann. „Etude et mise au point de substrats de miroirs ultra légers et hyperstables revêtus d'un dépôt polissable pour application aux télescopes spatiaux“. Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20168.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoulesteix, Rémy. „Densification du grenat d'yttrium et d'aluminium pur ou dopé sous forme de céramiques transparentes : relation entre microstructure et propriétés optiques : élaboration de matériaux à gradient de concentration en néodyme“. Limoges, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIMO4040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLachaud, Etienne. „Maîtrise des propriétés optiques de céramiques transparentes par le contrôle des paramètres physicochimiques des précurseurs et des techniques d'élaboration. Cas du YAG“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1019/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims to study the relationship between microstructure and optical properties of a Ce:YAG ceramic. The microstructural properties of a luminescent ceramic define its capacity to transmit and emit light. Considering the integrally of the elaboration process, from powder shaping to maximal densification, our goal is to identify the factors ruling the luminescence activity. Ceramics were elaborated from Baikowski’s commercial powders. The characterizations on powders particules put in evidence internal defects at the nano scale. The shaping steps (granulation, pressing and isostatic pressing) were followed by densification through hot isostatic pressing (HIP). In order to keep a thin microstructure, we did not used any sintering additives. The mastering of elaboration allowed us to fabricate ceramics with different microstructures. Some of those ceramics present good transparency. Optical characterizations confirm the influence of the investigated parameters. We note the significant impact of both quantity and dimension of secondary phases on optical properties through scattering processes. Thus, scattering affects the emission spectra of the material. A maximal luminescence yield has been observed for a submicronic grain size. Linking optical and microscopic observations, we put in evidence the influence of un-radiative absorption mechanisms on efficiency. Thanks to cathodo-luminescence scanning electron microscopy, we observed the spatial repartition of luminescence on the full range of the elaborated materials
Kim, Ka young. „Etude d’une céramique de niobate dopée terre rare, Y3NbO7, pour applications optiques“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0416/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEmitting materials and all solid state lasers are widely used in the field of optical applications and materials science as a source of excitement, instrumental measurements, medical applications, metal shaping…Recently promising laser efficiencies were recorded on transparent ceramics which results from a cheaper and faster ways to obtain crystallized materials.This investigation is focused on the cubic Eu3+ doped Y3NbO7 matrix. The synthesis route is optimized in order to obtain a pure phase which presents a homogeneous morphology of spherical grains. Several SPS parameters as heating rate, temperature, duration time and pressure are adjusted in order to increase the densification of the pellets. Luminescence spectroscopy of trivalent europium ions is used to optimize these parameters. The emission data coupled with X-Ray diffraction analysis and electronic diffraction microscopy highlight the existence of several distorted environments of the doping element in the defective fluorite type Y3NbO7 host lattice. Indeed, the fast and high crystallization rate obtained after SPS coupled with the ionic conductivity of the matrix make possible a phase composition splitting into two fluorites. The final composition of the pellet is driven by the ratio between niobium and yttrium elements
Loretz, Mathilde. „Caractérisation des propriétés thermiques de mousses céramiques et métalliques à partir d'analyses tomographiques aux rayons X“. Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0052/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work ls the understanding of heat transfer phenomena and notably radiative heat transfer withln metallic and ceramic foams and the development of a tool capable of predicting these transfers taking into account the real microstructure obtained by X-ray tomography. Because of their nature, thermal behaviour of cellular materials is governed by two parameters : the nature of the material and the nature of the microstructure. We first analyze the morphological characteristics of the studied foams and we compare the properties of the microstructure obtained from tomographie analyses to those obtained by tradition al methods. We then identify the optical properties of the solid matrix of the different foams from the microstructure of materials obtained by X-ray tomography. The results are compared to existing methods thal make assumptions about the behavior of the solid matrix surface. The radiative heat transfer is also predicted using the morphological and optical properties. The results are compared to methods using modelling structural approaches to re present the morphology of the foams
Bonnet, Loïck. „Elaboration par frittage réactif de céramiques monolithiques et composites à base de grenat d'yttrium et d'aluminium : Etude des relations entre microstructures et propriétés optiques“. Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0096/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is devoted to the elaboration of yttrium and aluminum garnets-based transparent composite ceramics with different (Nd+Y)/Al stoichiometric ratios ranged from 0.40 to 0.70, around the ratio corresponding to the Nd:YAG stoichiometric composition ((Nd+Y)/Al = 0.6000) by under-vacuum reactive-sintering. Pressure-casting of stable and homogeneous suspensions of mixing Al2O3-Y2O3-Nd2O3 was achieved. Study of microstructural, thermal and optical properties of these ceramics has made it possible to highlight the influence of (Nd+Y)/Al ratio on garnet phase formation and densification kinetics, and on optical properties. Thus, it appears that for ceramic with a ratio higher than 0.6000, corresponding to an yttrium-rich sample, the previously mentioned kinetics are decreased but transparence and lasers properties are less degraded, contrary to aluminum-rich ceramics ((Nd+Y)/Al < 0.6000). Moreover, study of Nd:YAP-Al2O3 powders mixing brings out Nd:YAG phase formation mechanism, suggesting the existence of solid-gas reaction with evaporation-condensation of aluminum-rich reactive phase. Finally, feasibility of Nd:YAG ceramics with high dopant content (4 at. %) has shown the interest of these materials in order to generate third-order nonlinear optical properties, especially self-focusing phenomenon of light beams by Kerr effect
Ursu, Cristian. „Caractérisation par méthodes optiques et électriques du plasma produit par ablation laser“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe transient plasmas generated by high-fluence laser ablation are complex phenomena involving multiple processes, as optical radiation absorption by the matter, temperature increase and phase transitions generated by the energy transfer, expanding gas hydrodynamics, electrical interactions between the charged particles, or the interaction of the laser radiation with the generated plasma. A most complete understanding of this phenomenon is therefore necessary from the fundamental point of view, but also for characterizing the behavior of high technological potential materials under intense irradiation. We have developed a multi-diagnostic approach, based on optical and electrical techniques: fast ICCD camera imaging, space- and time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy, diode laser absorption spectroscopy, Langmuir probe. These techniques have been used to characterize plasmas generated by nanosecond laser ablation of various samples, from simple Al and Cu metals, to more complicated ceramics, chalcogenide glasses or ferromagnetics. The main results have been the observation of the plasma splitting in two structures and the kinetic and energetic characterization of their constituents. These results present fundamental (development of a fractal hydrodynamic model) and applied (erosion of dielectric walls in space plasma thrusters, pulsed laser deposition of thin films) interest
Bobin, Olivier. „Propriétés optiques de nanoparticules de cuivre et d'argent dans des matrices silicatées : application aux archéomatériaux : céramiques glaçurées à décor de lustre métallique du IXème siècle : Grande Mosquée de Kairouan-Tunisie“. Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKerbadou, Farid. „Mise en forme et propriétés physico-chimiques de fenêtres PbF2 pour l'optique infrarouge“. Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCardinali, Vanessa. „Matériaux lasers dopés à l'ion ytterbium : Performances lasers en pompage par diodes lasers et étude des propriétés thermo-optiques à des températures cryogéniques“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00613185.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCardinali, Vanessa. „Matériaux lasers dopés à l'ion ytterbium : Performances lasers en pompage par diodes lasers et étude des propriétés thermo-optiques à des températures cryogéniques“. Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/61/31/85/PDF/Doctorat_CardinaliVanessa.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn solid-state lasers, heat generation in gain medium can introduce wave-front distorsions. The goal of my thesis is to measure thermo-optic coefficients (thermal conductivity, thermo-optic coefficient dn/dT and thermal expansion coefficient) of new laser materials allowing reaching high energy with high repetition rate. These laser materials are ytterbium doped ceramics of sesquioxides of scandium Sc2O3, lutetium Lu2O3 and yttrium Y2O3. These materials have also been tested in a free running laser oscillator: these experiments have shown the interest to work at low temperature. When driven at low temperature (cryogenic cooling), thermal properties of these materials are improved. Thermo-optical values of these materials are actually unknown in the literature, especially at low temperatures. Therefore, measuring these parameters is very important for the development of high-power lasers. Other materials have also been studied: ytterbium doped ceramics and crystals of YAG, crystals of calcium fluoride CaF2 and neodymium doped phosphate laser glass
Benameur, Nassira. „Élaboration et caractérisations d'un spinelle polycristallin à grains fins transparent dans le visible et l'infrarouge“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10187/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the elaboration of a transparent polycristalline ceramic with a cubic crystalline structure: magnesium aluminate spinel. Contrary to single-crystals such as sapphire, a polycristalline material can be elaborated, through a low cost process, with different sizes and shapes. Spinel has the main advantage to be a bi-band material: transparent in the visible and in the mid-infrared range (0.4-6µm). Despite many attempts to commercialize spinel, it is not available yet as an optical material due to the difficulty to get transparency (dense and defect-free material). The aim of this work is to propose a simple and reliable process in order to obtain a fine-grained and transparent spinel. Different sintering routes have been investigated: pressureless sintering on air followed by a High Isostatic Pressing step (HIP) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). According to the sintering route chosen, the optical and mechanical properties of the final product have been compared. Finally the transport properties of spinel, have been investigated by EELS spectroscopy and by ionic conductivity measurements
Dolhen, Morgane. „Verres, vitrocéramique et céramique à base de TeO2 pour l'optique“. Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0112/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOwing to thier high optical quality, single-crystals are widely used in photonics, for high power laser, frequency conversion… However, single-crystals are constrained by their manufacturing process which is slow and expensive and because it difficult to obtain large parts. Tellurite glasses are ideal candidate due to their high nonlinear response, the easy glass shaping and their low manufacturing cost. Nonetheless, for some kind of applications requiring second order nonlinear effects, glasses can’t be used because of their optical isotropy. During this thesis, we undertook the elaboration of tellurite glass-ceramics composites consisting of noncentrosymmetric crystals able to generate second harmonic signal. Composites are elaborated by SPS co-sintering of a glass powder and crystals. We are also interested in the elaboration of transparent tellurite ceramics in order to make millimetric laser cavities. Indeed, tellurite-based materials are interesting candidates owing to their high nonlinear refractive index and their low phonon energy, which favors radiative transitions. Transparent ceramics have been fabricated by an innovative way, the full and congruent crystallization of glass which combines the easy glass shaping and the properties of the final ceramic. We have also developed the elaboration of a new transparent tellurate ceramic (TeVI) by SPS sintering of a crushed ceramic powder. Tellurate compounds have the advantage of showing low phonon energy and interesting microwave dielectric properties
Sun, Qianying. „Conducting ceramics based on ZnO co-doped by (Al, Ti, Mg) : microstructure, electronic active defects and electrical properties“. Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LEMA1014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZnO based ceramics with appropriate doping elements show excellent electrical and optical properties such as high exciton binding energies, a modulated optical transparency and high electrical conductivities. Therefore, ZnO based conducting ceramics have been extensively investigated in the aim of their application as resistors, visitors, gas sensors, transparent electrodes, solar cell windows, piezoelectric, electro-optical and thermoelectric devices. The high conductivity of ZnO ceramics up to 0.1MS·m-1 is closely related to the doping elements along with the ceramic microstructure and the processing conditions with particular effects of grain boundaries, crystalline structure and structural disorder within the ceramics. Thus, the present thesis is devoted to the fabrication by sintering under defined conditions (sintering atmospheres, processes) of ZnO based ceramics co-doped by (Al, Ti, Mg) , the investigations and deep analysis of their related properties including crystalline structure, micro-structure and the electrical behavior. Exhaustive studies were developed on the doped ceramics by using structural methods (XRD, Raman), microscopy (TEM, SEM) and magnetic resonance (EPR, NMR) probing the local order and electronic active defects. The conductivity is adjusted by the nature of the structure influenced by the doping elements, the sintering atmosphere, and the sintering method. The correlation "Preparation - Structure - Conductivity" has been established to pave the way for the potential technological applications of highly conducting ZnO-based ceramics
Chateigner, Daniel. „Etude de la texture cristallographique de céramiques et de couches minces supraconductrices YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) en relation avec les propriétés physiques“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10149.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlat, Antoine. „Apport à la compréhension des propriétés optiques non linéaires des matériaux à base d'oxyde de tellure VI“. Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor several years, SPCTS laboratory of Limoges has focalized his attention to the study of tellurate materials (Te6+ cations-based compounds), whose third order non-linear optical properties (χ(3)) must be superior to those of tellurite materials (Te4+ cations-based compounds) traditionally considered. Indeed, ab initio calculations show those the third order non-linear optical properties of the TeO3-β tellurate compound are about 10 time higher than that of TeO2-α tellurite phase. In this connection, the theoretical study of the (1-x)TeO2+ xTeO3 system was undertaken in order to understand the structural origins of these properties. Results have shown that the increasing of the “polymerization degree” and the decreasing of the energetical gap associated to each structure of this system, with the increasing ratio of Te6+ cations were at the origin of this change of properties. These conclusions were generalized through the study of many oxide compounds such as MnOm and MnTepOm. A special attention was paid to the non-linear properties of the TeO3-β compound. Experimental and theoretical studies allowed highlighting that its exceptional properties were correlated to its chemical bonding properties. Taking into account all these results, the synthesis of tellurate glasses was investigated, through the study of the TeO2-Mg3TeO6 binary system. Besides their great interest for optical applications, tellurate materials are also good candidates for LTCC applications. Therefore the study of the Bi6Te2O15 compound was also managed in this work. Its sintering process was optimized using the “Spark Plasma Sintering” technology, and its dielectric properties measurements have evidenced very promising values
Noudem, Jacques Guillaume. „Texturation des céramiques supraconductrices Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O par combinaison des effets du champ magnétique et de la contrainte uniaxiale à haute température“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10169.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChlique, Christophe. „Préparation et caractérisation de poudres et céramiques (oxy) sulfures pour applications en optique active et passive“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678255.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMainguy, Stéphane. „Mesure et modélisation de la diffusion du rayonnement optique par des surfaces rugueuses : application aux propriétés infrarouges de céramiques de Bore“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0379.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGonzàlez, José Manuel. „Composants innovants recongurables par voie optique pour des applications microondes“. Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f3a2c16b-fd3c-47e6-9923-5f9ad25a39cf/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4048.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focuses on novel optically reconfigurable components for microwave applications, the main objective being to propose alternative solutions to commonly used tuning methods such as MEMS or diodes. In this work, we have investigated photosensitive material characterization at microwave frequencies, and both direct and indirect methods of optical reconfigurability. To provide context for this thesis, the first part is dedicated to a bibliographic review of reconfigurable circuits and methods, thus giving an overview of the technologies used at present and showing the interest for using optical control. The second part of this dissertation is about test structures for characterizing photosensitive materials, including a presentation of materials such as Vanadium dioxide or Cadmium sulfide, among others. In the third chapter of this thesis, frequency tunable structures exploiting direct optical control are studied. The structures presented include a “proof of concept” tunable LTCC filter, a 3D dielectric resonator based on photoconductive materials, and a tunable filter based on the change of a material’s relative permittivity. The last part of this work focuses on indirect optical control showing an opto‐RF switch based on a standard Si CMOS fabrication technology
Al, Saghir Kholoud. „Céramiques transparentes par cristallisation complète du verre : application aux aluminosilicates de strontium“. Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2023/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTransparent polycrystalline ceramics elaborated by full crystallization from glass are an emerging class of photonicquality materials competing with single crystal technology, especially for optical applications. This approach provides considerable advantages over single crystals and polycrystalline sintered ceramics represented by cost effectiveness, large scale production, wide range of accessible chemical compositions, easy shaping and high doping level hosting structure. In this work, we show the preparation of transparent cubic Sr3Al2O6 and Sr3Ga2O6 polycrystalline ceramics by full crystallization from the parent strontium aluminate (75SrO-25Al2O3) and strontium gallate (75SrO-25Ga2O3) glasses elaborated by aerodynamic levitation coupled to laser heating system. The transparency of the obtained Sr3Al2O6 ceramics is explained by their optical isotropy, thin grain boundaries and highly dense (non-porous) microstructure. We also show a series of novel Sr1+x/2Al2+xSi2-xO8 (0
Sattayaporn, Suchinda. „Etude d'oxydes monocristallins et de céramiques transparentes dopés Pr3+ ou Nd3+ pour la réalisation de lasers visibles“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS257.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is aimed to find efficient oxide based solid-state materials for the development of lasers, particularly in visible spectral regions. We focused on Pr3+ and Nd3+ luminescent ions, doped in oxide-based hosts. Pr3+ ions are suitable for direct visible emissions in various regions, whereas the emission of Nd3+ ions in near infrared around 0.9 μm can be converted into blue laser by Second Harmonic Generation. A large-covered visible region could be expected in the range of 450 nm – 750 nm. First, we selected appropriate oxide hosts by using optical spectroscopy tools. All selected materials with congruent melting behavior were grown as single crystal. On the other hand, cubic materials with very high melting point, Nd:Y2O3 and Nd:Y3Al5O12, were prepared as standard and micro-core composite transparent ceramics, respectively. Next, all samples were thoroughly investigated in terms of physical, optical and spectroscopic properties. In the meantime, Judd-Ofelt analysis were computationally performed by using ground state absorption data to calculate radiative properties of studied solid-state materials, including radiative lifetime and branching ratio. Finally, laser operations were carried out within a plane-concave or V-type resonant cavity under blue and near infrared pumping for Pr3+ and Nd3+ solid-state materials, respectively. We achieved visible lasers in the relevant range with satisfying efficiencies with Pr:Sr1-xLaxAl12-xO19 single crystal and Nd:Y3Al5O12 micro-core transparent ceramic. Both present a real potential for the development of laser emissions in visible spectral regions
Lafitte, Bruno. „Elaboration d'outils innovants de diagnostic applicables aux lampes à haute pression à enveloppe céramique“. Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA listing of classical optical diagnostic methods puts in evidence that they cannot be employed in the case of the current metal halides lamps. This is due to the fact that ceramic envelops are diffusing visible light. However, X-rays diffusion due to the ceramic envelop is low, thus we could determine the mercury density using X-rays absorption spectroscopy. Those results, together with a measure of the core temperature by emission spectroscopy measurement, gave us the temperature profile of a ceramic metal halides lamp. At the end, to characterise the radiative properties of such a lamp, we measured the total flux emitted function of the electric power injected
Largiller, Grégory. „Maîtrise du frittage de matériaux céramique-métal à gradients de composition et de structure“. Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0160.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGraded materials are used to gather complementary physical and/or chemical properties into a single part. Cermet material (ceramic metal composite) developed by Rio Tinto Alcan may be used as inert anode for aluminium electrolysis. To connect these ceramic matrix materials to the current network, we propose to associate them with a conductive material in a single sintering step. Using our knowledge on powder metallurgy with microstructure analysis, thermodynamical and mechanical calculations, a new range of material called metcer (metal ceramic composite) has been developed. According to their metal phase proportion and composition, the metcer materials can be cosintered with cermets in a single sintering step. By modifying the metal phase proportion, we enabled the parts to keep joined during the whole sintering thermal cycle. The composition of oxides and metal phases change the diffusion phenomena and enable one to build a graded interface between the layers. Based on continuum mechanics, constitutive equations have been used to simulate the sintering of a cermet and a metcer. Constitutive equations have been implemented into a finite element software to identify the weak regions of bilayers parts of complex geometry. We compared numerical simulation results with optical observations made during sintering on large scale bilayers. Cracks near the interface occur at low temperature when the strain mismatch between the layers is low and the viscosities of the layers are high. Thus, the materials have a fragile behaviour. At high temperature, when the viscosities are low and the strain mismatch is high, the stresses in the vicinity of the interface are released. Combining our knowledge on the chemistry and interactions between these materials, we developed a trilayer material. This material showed up a graded interface without any crack
Oummadi, Siham. „Drying behaviour of ceramic green bodies : experimental characterization and numerical modelling“. Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0112.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present thesis is part of a long-term objective to control the drying step of ceramic green bodies in real-time. Given this general aim, the present work is based on two complimentary parts. The first part deals with the measurement of drying parameters (sample temperature, moisture content and dimension changes by an optical method). Then, since the ultimate objective of this work is the construction of a numerical model, an experimental evaluation of physical properties involved during drying is made for input into the model. The current study is focused on two technologically important materials frequently used in the ceramic industry which are alumina and clays (kaolin here). Alumina is one of most common raw materials used in technical ceramics and kaolin is typically used in traditional ceramics. Experimentally, the macroscopic drying behaviour of both materials zqs determined as well as the dependence of physical properties (in particular the diffusion coefficient and the thermal conductivity) on moisture content as drying proceeds. Furthermore, a study on the spatial distributions of water within the ceramic green body at different scales (MRI and ESEM) is used to interpret how physical properties vary with moisture content. Then, from the examination of numerous situations of drying, we concluded that the proposed numerical model yields good predictions of moisture content and the green body temperature. These parameters can help to evaluate progress in the drying step with eventual feedback in process control
Meynard, Joane. „Influence de la taille, de la morphologie et de la distribution spatiale des pores sur la conductivité thermique de céramiques UO2“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0607.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInside a nuclear reactor core, the behavior of fuels is largely controlled by thermal phenomena. That is why it is very important to model the thermal behavior of fuels very precisely.The objective of this study is to develop a model that indicates the influence of porosity on thermal conductivity at 50° that is representative of the thermal behavior of the UO2 fuels. UO2 fuels were manufactured and their microstructures were studied using optical microscopy, SEM-FIB and X-ray tomography. Two types of porosity were identified: 1) sealed and near-spherical pores which are located in UO2 aggregates, and 2) an interconnected "assembly" porosity located at the interfaces of aggregates. Several descriptive parameters were estimated by immersion measurements and image analysis. Studies based on analytical and numerical homogenization were conducted. Numerical calculations using the Fast Fourier Transform method were performed on images of slice planes obtained with imaging technologies or 3D simulated microstructures generated with an original morphological model reproducing some characteristics of the observed porosity networks. The significant impact of the spatial distribution and the interconnection of the assembly porosity on the thermal conductivity of manufactured UO2 fuels were highlighted. Finally, the proposed model was compared with experimental thermal diffusivity measurements obtained by the Flash method.Discrepancies between the model and the experimental measurements have been largely reduced with the proposed model compared with the standard models, which means that the developed model is more representative of the UO2 thermal behavior
Cornette, Julie. „Cristallochimie et étude vibrationnelle de composés à base de TeVIO3“. Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/60119a50-1629-40b5-b524-e6dc19e092d5/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4061.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to the study of particular crystal chemistry of crystallized tellurium VI oxide based materials (tellurates), potential candidates in the LTCC technology. The estimation of the 3rd order nonlinear optical susceptibility, by ab initio calculations, of the crystalline phases of the system TeO2-TeO3 showed promising results openning interesting perspectives for the development of tellurium VI oxide based glasses. The TeO3-βcompound is the simplest tellurium oxide VI based material. The vibrational study of its specific structure reveals a three-dimensional type structure similar to the cubic perovskite family and very different to the elemental tellurium oxide IV TeO2-a, island type structure. This study was the basis for the vibrational analysis of complex tellurate compounds
Zymelka, Daniel. „Suivi par methode optique du frittage micro-ondes d'oxydes ceramiques“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821161.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLallemant, Lucile. „Obtention d’alumines α dopées polycristallines transparentes par Spark Plasma Sintering“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0082/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleObtaining transparent polycrystalline ceramics became an important technological challenge over the last decade. Their high mechanical (hardness, wear resistance) and physico-chemical (corrosion resistance) properties combined with a high transparency and a reasonable price could lead them to replace glasses or monocrystals as sapphire in optical applications. The main parameters to control in order to obtain highly transparent polycrystalline alpha-alumina (PCA) are the porosity size and amount as for the other transparent materials. However, as PCA is a birefringent material, the grain size also needs to be controlled. That’s why PCA should possess after sintering grains as small as possible (bigger than 0.5 µm) and a porosity closed to 0.00% with nanometric pores. This particular microstructure is usually obtained in ~ 15 hours by combining natural sintering in air with a post Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) treatment. In our study, the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique was used as it enables to obtain fully dense ceramics in shorter times while limiting the grain growth. First, a protocol to obtain a pure transparent PCA was established. It consists on preparing green bodies with a controlled particle’s packing before sintering. Mainly, the particle’s packing has to be macroscopically homogeneous and without agglomerates. Moreover, the pore size distribution should be the narrowest. The SPS sintering cycle was also optimised to obtain the highest optical transmission. Then, a doping protocol with grain growth inhibitors was optimised. The nature of the doping salt has a secondary effect on optical properties compared to a thermal treatment applied before sintering. Depending on the doping agent nature and/or amount, the densification temperature changes. The SPS sintering cycle has thus to be adapted. The doping agent amount has to be optimised to obtain a fine microstructure after sintering without second phase particles. Different doping agents have been compared (magnesium Mg, lanthanum La and zirconium Zr). The sample having the highest optical properties was doped with 200 cat ppm of lanthanum. Finally, an optimisation of the powder’s morphology (finer and more spherical) was performed. Moreover, the lanthanum doped alpha-alumina slurry’s preparation was optimized using centrifugation. All these processes have enabled us to obtain one of the most transparent PCA sample ever reported in the literature. It possesses an optical transmission of 68% and a grain size around 300 nm. Its mechanical properties (hardness, wear resistance) are higher than the ones of a sapphire monocrystal
Lallemant, Lucile. „Obtention d'alumines α dopées polycristallines transparentes par Spark Plasma Sintering“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808873.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCao, Jing. „Creation and orientation of nano-crystals by femtosecond laser light for controlling optical non-linear response in silica-based glasses“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS055/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to random disorder, a glass exhibits inversion symmetry such that second harmonic generation (SHG) is forbidden. However, by irradiation with a tightly focused femtosecond (fs) laser, it is possible to induce nonlinear optical crystal precipitation, in order to break the inversion symmetry and thus to induce SHG. Moreover, this can be achieved locally in three dimensions. For demonstration, we applied the procedure described below in the glass system Li₂O-Nb₂O₅-SiO₂ that allows the formation of LiNbO₃ crystal, a highly non linear optical one. The procedure is thus the following: 1) adjustment of the glass chemical composition for obtaining a glass sensitive enough to fs laser. 2) control of the laser parameters (pulse duration, pulse repetition rate, speed of beam scanning, pulse energy…) for obtaining nanocrystals with correct space distribution and size. In addition, the size of the affected zone has to be limited. 3) control of the orientation of the nanocrystals. We show that it is possible to fulfill this condition by controlling the laser polarization orientation. This has been achieved by electron backscatter diffraction method (EBSD). In other words, this process can be controlled with light directly. In addition, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy coupled to scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM/EDS) and transmission electron microscopy revealed an orientable microstructure similar to the one called nanogratings form in silica. The originality here is a textured nonlinear optical nanocrystals embedded in a network of “walls” made of vitreous phase, aligned perpendicular to the laser polarization direction. It results that birefringence and nonlinear optical property can be mastered in the same time. This is a highly valuable aspect of the work. These findings highlight spectacular modifications of glass by fs laser radiation. With further improvements in the fabrication techniques, the application of this work is to achieve SHG waveguide and birefringence-based devices
Forget, Brisson Laurence. „La datation du site Mailhot-Curran : application de la luminescence optique sur des poteries iroquoiennes du Saint-Laurent“. Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16366.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOptically stimulated luminescence (OSL) has been measured on 17 ceramic sherds collected at the Mailhot-Curran site (BgFn-2), a Late Woodland archaeological site located in south west Quebec. The main goal of this project was to date the youngest prehistoric village found in the Saint Anicet cluster to establish its position in the chronological framework of the area. OSL was used conjointly with radiocarbon dating (14C) and seriation of the archaeological remains. The archaeological hypothesis proposes an occupation of this village between 1518 and 1530 A.D. (Chapdelaine 2015a). The luminescence results we present in this master’s thesis are in agreement with this proposal : we obtained an age of 490 ± 49, which corresponds to A.D. 1523 with the probability of occupation at the Mailhot-Curran site between A.D. 1474 and 1572. The luminescence dating program was carried out on local ceramics composed of fired late Quaternary Champlain Sea clays. IRSL (infrared stimulated luminescence) was preferentially used on polymineral fine-grains aliquots. A modified SAR-IRSL protocol including optical bleaching was used to measure the equivalent doses (Murray and Wintle 2000, Lamothe et al. 2004). G values were measured following the protocol proposed by Auclair et al. (2003). The Huntley-Lamothe correction for anomalous fading (Huntley and Lamothe 2001) was used to adjust the equivalent dose. Annual doses were assessed by in situ and laboratory measurements. The results we present here are affected by a large range in the dates. This variability was taken into account by statistical methods in the determination of the age of the Mailhot-Curran site occupation.