Zeitschriftenartikel: „Ceramic core“

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Porojan, Liliana, Florin Topală und Sorin Porojan. „Numerical Simulation of the Occlusal Contacts in Roots Restored with Complete Ceramic Materials“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 404 (September 2013): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.404.152.

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Different high-strength, all-ceramic restorative systems are available for the restoration of endodontically treated roots. To date, many studies on fracture strength and fracture pattern have been conducted. Most of these studies focused on investigating stress distribution in the root dentin of abutment teeth restored with a post and core system. The objective of this study was to evaluate, by means of the finite element analysis, stresses induced in an endodontically treated maxillary central incisor that was restored with different all-ceramic systems during contacts with the antagonists. The first step of the study was to achieve 3D models in order to design and analyze teeth, all ceramic post and core systems and pressed ceramic crowns. Stress analysis was performed on the restored incisor during protrusion. As post and core materials pressed ceramics and zirconia were chosen, and for the full crown pressed ceramics was selected. Maximal equivalent stresses were recorded in the tooth structures and in the restorations for all contact areas. In the zirconia post and core systems stresses were higher than in the pressed ceramics post and core systems. The use of zirconia posts with a higher modulus of elasticity than pressed ceramics induce lower stresses in the dentin and higher in the crown than pressed ceramics posts.

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Zhou, Shan Yu, Long Quan Shao, Jun Ai, Chen Hu, Lin Lin Wang, Ning Wen und Bin Deng. „Bond Strength of Veneering Ceramics to a Graded Zirconia Core“. Advanced Materials Research 624 (Dezember 2012): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.624.221.

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To evaluate bond strength of veneering ceramics to a graded zirconia core. Two zirconia core ceramics (Y-TZP and graded zirconia) were fabricated and veneered with IPS e.max Ceram. A metal ceramic system (IPS d.SIGN, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) was used as a control group for the two all-ceramic test groups (n=20). Shear bond strength test and microtensile bond strength test were conducted by a universal testing machine. Fracture surfaces were also evaluated to determine the failure modes. Additionally, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests were used to analyze the data. The shear bond strength test and microtensile bond strength test showed the familiar results. Graded zirconia exhibited the highest bond strength value (SBS: 31.01±2.01 MPa, MTBS: 40.95±1.95 MPa), significantly higher than that of Y-TZP (SBS: 28.14±2.28 MPa, 37.99±2.83 MPa). No significant differences were found between the metal core group and the two zirconia core groups. All test groups demonstrated cohesive failure within the veneer, as well as adhesive failure between the core and the veneer. Glass infiltration to zirconia may affect bond strength between zirconia core and veneering ceramics. A graded zirconia glass structure exhibits a benign bond to a veneering ceramics which could be similar to that of a metal ceramic system.

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Lee, Yong-Keun, Hyun-Suk Cha und Jin-Soo Ahn. „Layered color of all-ceramic core and veneer ceramics“. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 97, Nr. 5 (Mai 2007): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2007.03.010.

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Zhang, Zhong Pu, Shi Wei Zhou, Qing Li, Wei Li und Michael V. Swain. „Residual Stresses in Fabrication of Core-Veneered Ceramic Prostheses“. Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (März 2010): 2241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2241.

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Fabrication of multilayered ceramics signifies an important topic in many advanced applications aerospace and prosthetic dentistry. This paper presents a numerical approach to characterising the transient thermal responses and corresponding thermal residual stresses that are developed in the bi-layered dental ceramic crowns model under a controlled cooling rate from a temperature around its glass transition temperature (typically 550°C) to room temperature (25°C). Finite element method (FEM) is adopted to model the residual stresses in normal or rapid cooling fabrication process. The demonstrative examples take into account the effect of thickness in core veneered all-ceramic restorative prosthesis (specific porcelain bonded to an alumina or zirconia core layer), cooling rates and mismatches in temperature-dependent material properties such as thermal expansion coefficients, specific heat and Young’s modulus. The model of transient ceramic fabrication processing showed significant potential to development of optimal prosthetic devices.

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Kracht, Dietmar, Denis Freiburg, Ralf Wilhelm, Maik Frede und Carsten Fallnich. „Core-doped Ceramic Nd:YAG Laser“. Optics Express 14, Nr. 7 (2006): 2690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.14.002690.

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Scherrer, Susanne S., Janet B. Quinn und George D. Quinn. „Fractography of Dental Restorations“. Key Engineering Materials 409 (März 2009): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.409.72.

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The dental community is using a variety of ceramic restorative materials such as porcelains (leucite or alumina based), glass-ceramics (leucite, mica, lithium disilicates), alumina-glass infiltrated, and CAD-CAM ceramics including pure alumina and zirconia (3Y-TZP) core materials. Polycrystalline ceramics such as alumina and zirconia serve as substructure materials (i.e., framework or core) upon which glassy ceramics are veneered for an improved appearance. Under masticatory loads, sudden fracture of the full-thickness restoration or of the veneering ceramic (chips) may occur. Stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope analyses were used to perform qualitative (descriptive) fractography on clinically failed dental ceramic restorations. The most common features visible on the fracture surfaces of the glassy veneering ceramic of recovered broken parts were hackle, wake hackle, twist hackle, arrest lines, and compression curls. The observed features are indicators of the local direction of crack propagation and were used to trace the crack’s progression back to its initial starting zone (the origin). This paper presents the applicability of fractographic failure analyses for understanding fracture processes in brittle dental restorative materials and it draws conclusions as to possible design or processing inadequacies in failed restorations.

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Wang, F. H., An Yuan Jiao, S. Q. Yang und X. Q. Gao. „Experimental Study and FEM Analysis on Ceramic Composite Coating“. Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.783.

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Using gravitational separation Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis(SHS) process, ceramic composite coating was made in large cross-section rectangular pipes and hemming plate, which can be use directly and also can be cut into the ceramics clad steel plate. The experimental results showed that the surface of ceramics coating, for using section steel as core of large cross-section rectangular pipes or hemming plate combination pipes, is glossy, and its thickness is among 1.5~3.5mm. Metallurgical bonding between steel substrate and ceramics coating can not come into being and the mode of their joint is mainly mechanical bonding. The cooling process of the ceramic-lined square steel tubular was simulated by use of ANSYS. Temperature-time curves of composite rectangular pipes with different thickness and residual stress distribution were calculated, and the reason for creating bonding force. These provided a reference to choose the technologic parameters.

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Zhigang, Zhou, Zhang Weilong, Wu Yugong und Zhang Ruitao. „Grain core-grain shell structure in ceramic-ceramic dielectrics“. Ferroelectrics 101, Nr. 1 (Januar 1990): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199008016500.

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Hu, Yi Wen, Xin Zhang, Yin Wu und Wen Jie Si. „Bonding Strength Between Zirconia Core and Different Veneering Ceramics“. Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.528.

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Zirconia ceramics are now widely used in dental restorations. The veneering porcelain chipping happens sometimes in zirconia-porcelain all-ceramic system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bonding strength between the zirconia core and various commercial veneering ceramics. The shearing and bending methods were used to evaluate the bonding strengths of zirconia core and four veneering ceramics. Meanwhile, as surface treatment will play an important role for the bonding strength, the influence of 3 kinds of surface treatment was investigated. The results indicated that both the shearing and bonding strengths of Cercon ceram kiss is better. Moreover sand blasting is the most useful method of surface treatment.

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Wasanapiarnpong, Thanakorn, N. Cherdtham, P. Padipatvuthikul, C. Mongkolkachit, R. Wananuruksawong und S. Jinawath. „Fabrication of Dental Ceramics from Silicon Nitride Core with Borosilicate Glass Veneer“. Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.493.

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Silicon nitride ceramic is a potential material for clinical indications due to its high fracture toughness, strength, and non-cytotoxicity. For this reason, Si3N4 ceramic is interested to apply for dental core. The superiority of Si3N4 ceramic is the low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) which is lower than that of zirconia and alumina ceramics that are popular in this field. In this study, borosilicate glass powder with 5 wt% of zirconia addition was prepared by melting at 1450 °C for 1 h. The glass melt was quenched and was then ground to be a powder and mixed with polyvinyl alcohol solution to be a paste. The Si3N4 specimens coated with the veneer were fired in electrical tubular furnace at 1100 °C for 15 min. The appearance of these specimens shows smooth, glossy without defect and crazing. The veneer has thermal expansion coefficient as 3.05x10-6 °C-1 and the Vickers hardness as 4.0 GPa which is close to the human teeth. The specimens were tested by human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HGF and HPDLF) and cytotoxicity by MTT assay. The results indicated that Si3N4 ceramic and borosilicate glass can be used as dental materials.

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Marrelli, Massimo, Carmine Maletta, Francesco Inchingolo, Marco Alfano und Marco Tatullo. „Three-Point Bending Tests of Zirconia Core/Veneer Ceramics for Dental Restorations“. International Journal of Dentistry 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/831976.

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Introduction. The mechanical strength and the surface hardness of commercially available yttrium-doped zirconia were investigated. Furthermore, a comparative study of eight different ceramic veneers, to be used for the production of two-layered all-ceramic restorative systems, was carried out.Materials and Methods. Four types of zirconia specimens were analyzed, according to a standard ISO procedure (ISO 6872). Besides, two-layered zirconia-veneer specimens were prepared for three-point bending tests.Results. A strong effect of the surface roughness on the mechanical strength of zirconia specimens was observed. Finally, a comparative study of eight commercially available veneering ceramics shows different modes of failure between the selected veneers.Conclusion. The results indicate that close attention should be paid to the preparation of zirconia-based crowns and bridges by CAD/CAM process, because surface roughness has an important effect on the mechanical strength of the material. Finally, the results of the mechanical tests on two-layered specimens represent an important support to the choice of the veneering ceramic.

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Mielearski, M. „Preparation of 147Pm Ceramic Source Core“. Isotopenpraxis Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 25, Nr. 9 (Januar 1989): 408–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256018908624166.

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Liu, Yi Han, Hong Chen Liu, Bin Deng, Long Quan Shao, Yuan Fu Yi und Ning Wen. „Spectral Transmittance of Six All-Ceramic Core Materials after Veneering Ceramic“. Advanced Materials Research 412 (November 2011): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.412.352.

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The spectral transmittance of six kinds of Vita In-Ceram and Cercon all-ceramic core materials after veneering ceramic was determined. Based on the production method recommended by the manufacturer, specimens of the same thickness are made. PERKIN ELMER Spectrophotometer is adopted to measure the spectral transmittance of In-Ceram AL2 slip-casting glass/alumina composite, AL2 electroformed alumina, Z21 slip-casting glass/zirconia composite, Z21 electroformed zirconia, Cercon base color zirconia and Cercon base zirconia all-ceramic core materials, after veneering ceramic. The results show that, after veneering ceramic, Cercon base Zirconia has the highest spectral transmittance, followed by AL2 Electroformed Alumina and Z21 Electroformed Zirconia, whereas the transmittance of Z21 slip-casting Glass/Zirconia composite has the lowest. Statistical data show that, among the groups, In-Ceram slip-casting Glass/Alumina composite (AL2), Electroformed Alumina (AL2), Cercon base color Zirconia and Cercon base Zirconia have significant differences between every group. On the other hand, there is no significant difference between In-Ceram slip-casting Glass/Zirconia composite (Z21) and Electroformed Zirconia (Z21). Therefore, we should choose all-ceramic restoration materials based on the spectral transmittance of all-ceramic core materials after veneering ceramic and transparency of the remaining natural teeth of patients.

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Porojan, Liliana, Sorin Porojan, Lucian Rusu, Adrian Boloș, Cristina Savencu, Aurora Antoniac und Sebastian Gradinaru. „Experimental Evaluation of Fracture Pattern in Bilayered All-Ceramic Molar Crowns“. Defect and Diffusion Forum 376 (Juli 2017): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.376.101.

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Due to the lower opacity and translucency of many core materials, bilayered ceramic crowns were introduced to obtain sufficient veneer support and to improve aesthetics. Interfaces can have significant influence on the mechanical performance of layered structures. Veneer chipping and zirconia frameworks fractures are critical issues in all-ceramic restorations. The objective of this study was to assess failure analysis of bilayered all-ceramic molar crowns, evidenced by different type of fractures. Experiments were conducted on a right first maxillary molar. Bilayered all-ceramic crowns were obtained with a 0.5 mm thick zirconia milled framework and veneered with hot-pressed ceramics. The specimens were tested at compressive load until failure. The typical macroscopic crack pattern of all samples showed that crack propagation resulted in more broken pieces with sharp edges. Ceramic materials show considerable variation in strength due to their extreme sensitivity to cracks. Understanding the fracture behavior of dental ceramics and its relation to different materials and restorations is important from a clinical point of view.

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Wu, Zhi Kai, Ning Li, Wan Qian Zhao und Jia Zhen Yan. „Low Temperature Degradation of Y-TZP Ceramic for Dental Applications“. Advanced Materials Research 873 (Dezember 2013): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.873.241.

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Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ceramic has been recently introduced into prosthetic dentistry for the fabrication of crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPDs). The mechanical properties of Y-TZP are the highest ever reported for the all-ceramic materials. This is favorable for the fabrication of multi-unit posterior bridges and the substantial reduction in core thickness. However, Y-TZP ceramic is susceptible to low temperature degradation (LTD), which is detrimental to the long-time survival and aesthetics of zirconia restorations in vivo. This review summarizes the characterization, mechanisms, and influencing factors of the LTD in dental Y-TZP ceramic. In addition, the recent trend of exploring high aging resistant zirconia-based dental ceramics is discussed.

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Bin, Zuo, Li Ge Wang, Gong Xian Yang, Yong Sheng Zhou und En Ze Wang. „The Effect of Particle Size on the Properties of Alumina-Based Ceramic Core“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 79 (Juli 2011): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.79.177.

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As source of ceramic core, the raw materials play an important role in determining the properties of ceramic core. In this paper, the effect of matrix Al2O3 particle size on the properties of ceramic core during fabricating is mainly studied and discussed, the test results show that reasonable particle size match of coarser, middle and finer matrix Al2O3 will be beneficial for properties of ceramic core. Matrix Al2O3 powders with double peak or multi-peak can form denser packing and help to increase the ceramic core’s strength than powders with single peak can. The influence of middle Al2O3 particle size is great for its large proportion in matrix materials, and its optimal particle size range is between 23~28µm.

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Wang, Li Ge, Bin Zuo, Guang Zhi Zhu und En Ze Wang. „Effect of Roasting Process on the Properties of Alumina-Based Ceramic Core“. Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (Juni 2012): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.809.

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The roasting process of leachable alumina based ceramic core has been systematically studied in this paper, the results show that, the roasting process should be divided into two parts, i.e., dewaxing process and sintering process, and the plasticizer can be removed completely from the ceramic green body by the dewaxing process with little residue left behind. The sintering temperature and mineralizer are the decisive factors to ensure the strength of ceramic core. The apparent porosity of ceramic core will decrease obviously while the room temperature flexural strength will increase when the sintering temperature is rising. The room temperature flexural strength can exceed 14MPa when the ceramic core samples sintered at 1550°C. The ceramic core samples will present excellent comprehensive properties when the sintering temperature is 1550°C and the added quantity of SiO2 is 8~10%, i.e., apparent porosity is 44.7~46.9%, bulk density is 1.93~1.99 g/cm3, room temperature flexural strength is 10.65~11.93MPa.

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Hirshman, Amy J. „TARASCAN CERAMIC PRODUCTION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CERAMIC DISTRIBUTION“. Ancient Mesoamerica 19, Nr. 2 (2008): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536108000424.

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AbstractResearch on the emergence of social complexity and state economies tends toward an understanding of either political economies or market economies as the privileged economic form and with producer specialization emerging contemporaneously with the state. Markets and political control need not be seen as oppositional; rather, they are part of the continuum of multiple strategies elites use to create the larger political economy of a state. The Late Postclassic period Tarascan state is known for its strong centralizing tendencies, and an overview of previous research indicates political involvement in various aspects of the larger economic coordination of metal, obsidian, and agricultural production and distribution. Tarascan state ceramics are highly distinctive in form and decoration. Ethnohistoric evidence suggests that they were produced under court control, yet no direct evidence for ceramic production has been found in the Tarascan core, the Lake Patzcuaro Basin. A mix of compositional and statistical analyses of the ceramic assemblage from Urichu, Michoacan, Mexico, indicates that ceramics were not under centralized political control but, instead, were produced at a local level and distributed using the market mechanisms of the larger mixture of economic strategies on the part of the Tarascan political elite.

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Kang, Wol, Jong-Kyoung Park, Woong-Chul Kim, Hae-Young Kim und Ji-Hwan Kim. „Effects of Different Thickness Combinations of Core and Veneer Ceramics on Optical Properties of CAD-CAM Glass-Ceramics“. BioMed Research International 2019 (04.03.2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5856482.

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The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of different core and veneer thicknesses on the translucency (T%), average light transmittance (T), translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and spectral reflectance (R) of glass-ceramics using a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) process. In all, 42 specimens (11mm × 11mm) were prepared and divided into six groups (n = 7 for each group). Core materials (IPS e.max CAD; IPS Empress CAD, LT A2 shade) of different thicknesses (0.8, 1.0, and 1.2mm) were fabricated. Each veneer material (thicknesses of 0.7, 0.5, and 0.3mm) was combined with its compatible core ceramic. Each core material was overlapped with its corresponding veneer material to obtain a 1.5-mm thickness by using three different combinations: (0.8+0.7), (1.0+0.5), and (1.2+0.3) mm. A spectrophotometer and color data software were used to measure the T%, T, TP, CR, and R values of each ceramic. The results were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variables (ANOVA) and regression analysis (p<0.05). Two-way ANOVA revealed that T%, T, TP, and CR were significantly influenced by the different thicknesses of the core-veneer combinations (p<0.001). At a certain thickness, as the veneer thickness increased and core thickness decreased, T and T% all increased. Regression analysis of the ceramic materials indicated a reduction in T and T% for certain core-veneer combinations. Analysis also revealed that T% and T were all affected by different core-veneer combinations. The T% value was 74.31 for the EM group and 72.81 for the EP group when the thickness of the core was 1.2 mm and the veneer was 0.3 mm. The R value of EM2 was lower than EM1 and EM3. In conclusion, the optical properties were influenced by different core-veneer combinations.

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Elishav, Oren, Vadim Beilin, Gennady E. Shter, Omry Dinner, Victor Halperin und Gideon S. Grader. „Formation of Core-Shell Mesoporous Ceramic Fibers“. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 100, Nr. 8 (19.06.2017): 3370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.15022.

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Batra, Pranshu. „A Comparative Shade Evaluation of Two Different All-Ceramic Materials over Three Core Build-up Materials: An in vitro Study“. Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 2, Nr. 2 (2012): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1003.

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ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate and compare the shade of zirconia and alumina crowns over composite, all-ceramic and metal core material. Objectives (1) To evaluate the influence of composite core build-up material on the shade of zirconia and alumina crowns. (2) To evaluate the influence of all-ceramic core material on the shade of zirconia and alumina crowns. (3) To evaluate the influence of metal core material on the shade of zirconia and alumina crowns. (4) To compare the influence of composite, all-ceramic and metal core material on the shade of zirconia and alumina crowns. Materials and Methods The all-ceramic materials used for fabrication of crowns were zirconia (LAVA) and alumina (PROCERA). They were evaluated spectrophotometrically for the change in shade when placed over three core build-up materials. Results The observations obtained were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance. Zirconia crowns when compared with alumina crowns showed the least shade change when placed on the three core materials. Among the three core materials used, composite core build-up material showed the least change in the shade. Conclusion Zirconia crowns showed least shade change when placed on the three core materials. How to cite this article Batra P, Ram SM. A Comparative Shade Evaluation of Two Different All-Ceramic Materials over Three Core Build-up Materials: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(2):15-21.

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Boehm, Anna K., Emanuel Ionescu, Marcus Koch und Markus Gallei. „Combining Soft Polysilazanes with Melt-Shear Organization of Core–Shell Particles: On the Road to Polymer-Templated Porous Ceramics“. Molecules 24, Nr. 19 (30.09.2019): 3553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193553.

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The preparation of ordered macroporous SiCN ceramics has attracted significant interest and is an attractive area for various applications, e.g., in the fields of catalysis, gas adsorption, or membranes. Non-oxidic ceramics, such as SiCN, own a great stability based on the covalent bonds between the containing elements, which leads to interesting properties concerning resistance and stability at high temperature. Their peculiar properties have become more and more important for a manifold of applications, like catalysis or separation processes, at high temperatures. Within this work, a feasible approach for the preparation of ordered porous materials by taking advantage of polymer-derived ceramics is presented. To gain access to free-standing films consisting of porous ceramic materials, the combination of monodisperse organic polymer-based colloids with diameters of 130 nm and 180 nm featuring a processable preceramic polymer is essential. For this purpose, the tailored design of hybrid organic/inorganic particles featuring anchoring sites for a preceramic polymer in the soft shell material is developed. Moreover, polymer-based core particles are used as sacrificial template for the generation of pores, while the preceramic shell polymer can be converted to the ceramic matrix after thermal treatment. Two different routes for the polymer particles, which can be obtained by emulsion polymerization, are followed for covalently linking the preceramic polysilazane Durazane1800 (Merck, Germany): (i) Free radical polymerization and (ii) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) conditions. These hybrid hard core/soft shell particles can be processed via the so-called melt-shear organization for the one-step preparation of free-standing particle films. A major advantage of this technique is the absence of any solvent or dispersion medium, enabling the core particles to merge into ordered particle stacks based on the soft preceramic shell. Subsequent ceramization of the colloidal crystal films leads to core particle degradation and transformation into porous ceramics with ceramic yields of 18–54%.

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Antony, M. M., und K. H. Sandhage. „Barium titanate/noble metal laminates prepared by the oxidation of solid metallic precursors“. Journal of Materials Research 8, Nr. 11 (November 1993): 2968–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.2968.

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A novel and attractive method for preparing multicomponent electronic ceramics and ceramic-metal composites is the oxidation of solid metallic precursors (SMP). This metallurgical processing route consists of the following steps: (i) preparation of a solid metallic precursor containing the proper ratio of elements for the final ceramic or ceramic-metal composite, (ii) compaction and forming of the metallic precursor into a desired shape, and (iii) oxidation to produce a monolithic ceramic or ceramic-metal composite. While the SMP method has been used to prepare wires and tapes containing a variety of superconducting oxides, this method has not been widely used to synthesize other electronic ceramics. In this paper, the synthesis of dielectric BaTiO3/noble metal laminates from solid metallic precursors is discussed. Ba–Ti precursor powders have been produced by solid-state mechanical alloying. The precursor powder was sealed inside noble metal tubes and rolled to form thin Ba–Ti/noble metal laminates. Exposure of the Ba–Ti core in such tapes to temperatures ≥ 300 °C in pure oxygen resulted in rapid oxidation. Post-oxidation annealing at elevated temperatures (≥900 °C) yielded dielectric BaTiO3/Ag or BaTiO3/Pd laminates.

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Zhao, Huo Ping, Chun Sheng Ye und Zi Tian Fan. „3D Printing of Calcia-Based Ceramic Core Composites“. Advances in Science and Technology 88 (Oktober 2014): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.88.65.

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Three-dimensional printing has been used as a rapid freeform fabrication process to fabricate a wider range of green ceramic components with complex structures difficult to obtain using traditional ceramic fabrication process. In this study, calcia-based ceramic core composites were fabricated by three dimensional printing and sintering operation. The green bodies were printed using a CaO/TiO2powder mixture as a precursor material and ethylene glycol as a binder. They were sintered at 1400-1500 °C for 2 h. The phases and microstructures of these samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of TiO2content and the sintering temperature on the density, hydration resistance and bending strength of the sintered bodies was investigated. It was found that increment of TiO2content and sintering temperature would result in an increase of density of the sintered bodies and then increase of hydration resistance and bending strength.

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Deng, Bin, Yuan Fu Yi, Long Quan Shao, Jie Mo Tian, Kang Lin Hou, Ting Ting Ma, Rong Jian Lu und Ning Wen. „Relative Translucency Test of 3 All-Ceramics System Core Material“. Advanced Materials Research 177 (Dezember 2010): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.298.

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Objective: To study the relative translucency of 3 all-ceramics system core material, including Vita In-Ceram Alumina, Vita In-Ceram Zirconium and Ivoclar Vivodent Empress II. Methods: The visible light transmittance of all samples was determined with spectrophotometer. Results: The relative translucency of dentin and opaque dentin was between 0.5958 and 0.8336, that of 3 core ceramic ranged from 0.8089 of Emp ress II to 1.00 of In-Ceram Zirconium. Conclusion: The relative translucency of 3 core material was significantly different. There was a decreasing range as Empress II > In-Ceram Alumina and In-Ceram Zirconia.

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Yao, Jian Sheng, Long Pei Dong, Li Li Wang, Shu Yang, Wei Yang, Zeng Li Wang und Bin Shen. „Interface Reaction between DD6 Single Crystal Superalloy and Ceramic Core“. Materials Science Forum 1035 (22.06.2021): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1035.297.

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The interfacial reaction between alloys and ceramic materials is an important factor to influence the quality and service performance of the turbine blade. In this paper, three typical height sections of 120mm, 160mm and 210mm were selected, and the interface reactions between DD6 single crystal superalloy and silica based ceramic cores were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the infiltration degree of the melt alloy increases with the increase of reaction time. The thickness of the reaction layer could be over 0.3mm when the reaction time increased up to 70min. The main reasons of forming the infiltration layer were the infiltration of the Al element and the interfacial reaction between the Al element and the ceramic core. There formed an aluminum deficient layer on the metal surface because of the interface reaction between the alloy and the ceramic core. The dense layer formed by interfacial reaction on the surface of the core will cause some difficulties for core leaching. Keywords: DD6 single crystal superalloy; Silica based ceramic core; Interface reaction

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Shao, Long Quan, Ting Sun, Yun Na Gan, Qi Liu, Yuan Fu Yi, Bin Deng und Ning Wen. „Relative Translucency of Dental Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Restorations“. Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (Juni 2012): 1775–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.1775.

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Abstract. This study investigated the relative translucency of IPS E.max core-veneer combinations of different colors at a clinically appropriate thickness. Core specimens (n=5) of IPS E.max were produced and veneered with IPS E.max veneering porcelain to a final dimension (13 mm in diameter, 1.5mm in thickness). Luminous reflectance was measured three times each specimen with a calibrated spectrophotomete. Contrast ratios were measured from the luminous reflectance(Y) of the tested specimens with a black (Yb) and a white background (Yw). Contrast ratios ranged from 0.798-0.818 for LT core-veneer combinations, 0.831-0.845 for MO core-veneer combinations, 0.929-0.941 for HO core-veneer combinations. There were no significant difference in contrast ratios of core-veneer combinations of the same series (P>0.05). Contrast ratios of LT, HO, MO core-veneer specimens were significantly different (P<0.05). Luminosity and chroma are not related to the relative translucency of core-veneer specimens. LT core-veneer combinations exhibited highest relative translucency, followed by MO and HO core-veneer combinations.

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Chen, Jian Feng, Li Sheng Zhao, Yan Zhao, Bin Deng, Bin Gu, Yuan Fu Yi, Long Quan Shao, Zheng Wang und Ning Wen. „Test of Relative Translucency for Four All-Ceramic Core Material after Veneering Ceramic“. Key Engineering Materials 544 (März 2013): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.544.388.

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Objective: To study the relative translucency of 4 veneered and glazed all-ceramic systems core material, including Vita In-Ceram Alumina, Vita In-Ceram Zirconium, Ivoclar Vivodent Empress and Colored Zirconia. Methods: Under standard black and write background, the surface light reflectivity of 4 veneered all-ceramic systems core material was determined with contact color difference meter, and the ratio of Yb /Yw was calculated. Results: After veneered, the relative translucency of 4 core materials all declined, and ranged from 0.8015 of Colored Zirconia to 1.00 of In-Ceram zirconia, among of that Empress II and Colored Zirconia were most transparent. Conclusion: Among the groups, there is no significant difference between Empress II and Colored Zirconia(IL1,IL2,IL3). Compared with Vita In-Ceram Alumina and Vita In-Ceram Zirconium, Vita In-Ceram Alumina(AL1) has significant difference. There is no significant difference between Vita In-Ceram Zirconium and Vita In-Ceram Alumina(AL2,AL3,AL4).

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Wang, Lin Lin, Long Quan Shao, Yuan Fu Yi, Qi Liu, Bin Deng und Ning Wen. „Inﬂuence of Thickness on Residual Stress Proﬁle in Veneering Ceramic Layered: Measurement by Hole-Drilling“. Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (Juni 2012): 1779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.1779.

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To compare thickness of veneering ceramics dependence of the stress profile in veneering ceramic layered on zirconia and metal frameworks. Cylindrical core materials dentine ceramic specimens whose diameter is 20.0mm, thickness is 0.5mm were made with customized method, and then Upcera zirconia and metal plate were veneered, the thickness of the veneering ceramics respectively were 1.25mm, 1.50mm and 1.75mm, a total of six groups (n=10). An CAD-CAM machine was used for the drilling procedure and residual stress proﬁle of all-ceramic crowns and metal-ceramic crowns was calculated. The mean residual stress of zirconia all-ceramic restorations were: respecitively, 60.15±5.54MPa for 1.25mm thickness of veneering; 53.37±5.12MPa for 1.50mm thickness of veneering; 45.64±4.53MPa for 1.75mm thickness of veneering. The mean residual stress of glass infiltrated alumina all-ceramic restorations were: respectively, 61.32± 5.76MPa for 1.25mm thickness of veneering; 52.45±5.35MPa for 1.50mm thickness of veneering; 45.89±4.26MPa for 1.75mm thickness of veneering. Residual stress proﬁle of all-ceramic restorations was significantly different among specimen groups of Y-TZP and Metal plate (P>0.05). There was also significantly different among specimen groups which had same thickness of the veneering ceramics but not belonged to same frameworks (P<0.01). As the depth increases, the stress gradually increases, reaching the maximum at the interface of MV or CV. The residual stress of frameworks was tensile stress, but the residual stress of veneering porcelain interior was compress. With the veneer porcelain thickness, the residual stress of the interface gradually reduce.

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Camargos, Germana De Villa, Priscilla Cardoso Lazari-Carvalho, Marco Aurélio de Carvalho, Mariane Boaventura Castro, Naysa Wink Neris und Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury. „3D finite element model based on CT images of tooth“. Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 19 (14.08.2020): e208910. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v19i0.8658910.

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Aim: This study aimed the description of a protocol to acquire a 3D finite element (FE) model of a human maxillary central incisor tooth restored with ceramic crowns with enhanced geometric detail through an easy-to-use and low-cost concept and validate it through finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: A human maxillary central incisor was digitalized using a Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) scanner. The resulted tooth CBCT DICOM files were imported into a free medical imaging software (Invesalius) for 3D surface/geometric reconstruction in stereolithographic file format (STL). The STL file was exported to a computer-aided-design (CAD) software (SolidWorks), converted into a 3D solid model and edited to simulate different materials for full crown restorations. The obtained model was exported into a FEA software to evaluate the influence of different core materials (zirconia - Zr, lithium disilicate - Ds or palladium/silver - Ps) on the mechanical behavior of the restorations under a 100 N applied to the palatal surface at 135 degrees to the long axis of the tooth, followed by a load of 25.5 N perpendicular to the incisal edge of the crown. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of maximum principal stress (ceramic veneer) and maximum principal strain (core) were obtained. Results: The Zr model presented lower stress and strain concentration in the ceramic veneer and core than Ds and Ps models. For all models, the stresses were concentrated in the external surface of the veneering ceramic and strains in the internal surface of core, both near to the loading area. Conclusion: The described procedure is a quick, inexpensive and feasible protocol to obtain a highly detailed 3D FE model, and thus could be considered for future 3D FE analysis. The results of numerical simulation confirm that stiffer core materials result in a reduced stress concentration in ceramic veneer.

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Rani, Sapna, Jyoti Devi, Chandan Jain, Parul Mutneja und Mahesh Verma. „Esthetic Rehabilitation of Anterior Teeth with Copy-Milled Restorations: A Report of Two Cases“. Case Reports in Dentistry 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2841398.

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Digitalization has become part and parcel of contemporary prosthodontics with the probability of most of the procedures being based on the digital techniques in the near future. This digital revolution started in the latter half of the 20th century by converting analog objects/signals into digital bits and bytes. Recent developments in all-ceramic materials and systems of computer-aided designing and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), copy milling, and so forth offer excellent esthetics and superb biocompatibility. Copy milling system for ceramics enables milling of the zirconia cores of all-ceramic restorations precisely and also if this system is properly used the procedure for fabricating all-ceramic restorations can be substantially simplified. This case report presents fabrication of all-ceramic Maryland Bridge and post-core with a copy milling system for esthetics and preservation of integrity of tooth. For both of the patients, the use of biologic, all-ceramic, copy-milled restorations resulted in clinical success and recovered function and esthetics.

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Lu, Rong Jian, Cheng Long Wang, Jing Cai Zou, Yuan Fu Yi, Long Quan Shao, Ning Wen, Bin Gu, Yi Han Liu und Bin Deng. „Effect of Post-Core Materials on the Color Value of Four Dental All-Ceramic Cores“. Key Engineering Materials 544 (März 2013): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.544.396.

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The aim of this study were to compare the color value of four kinds of dental all-ceramic cores (IPS e.max Press,Zenostar,Lava Zirconia and Upcera Zirconia) on three different post-core materials.All-ceramic core materials were made into samples at the diameter of 10mm and the thickness of 0.50.02mm.Their color value on the post-core material of noble metal,Co-Cr alloy and resin were respectively determined with chromatism instrument.It was showed that the color value of four all-ceramic cores were statistically different.IPS e.max Press was most obviously affected by post-core materials,while Upcera Zirconia the weakest.Lava Zirconia and Zenostar were influenced to a certain degree.In conclusion,non-mental post-core was preferable for IPS e.max Press,Upcera Zirconia was fit for any post-core materials.

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Li, Zhuo, Chenbo Wang, Zixuan Wang, Dandan Zhang, Yangxiao Qin, Qiangbin Yang, Zhuo Wang et al. „Core-Shell Structure and Dielectric Properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3@ Fe2O3 Ceramics Prepared by Co-Precipitation Method“. Crystals 11, Nr. 6 (31.05.2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060623.

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Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) ceramic materials have been widely used in the field of multilayer ceramic capacitors. Surface modification through the surface coating to form a heterogeneous layer could effectively improve the dielectric properties. In this work, BST powders were prepared by a co-precipitation method. The effects of reaction conditions on the microstructure of the BST powder were investigated. The reaction temperatures significantly affected the morphology of BST powder, and the rhombic-type particles were obtained with the reaction temperature around 80 °C. Meanwhile, the BST@Fe2O3 was prepared by the chemical precipitation method using BST powders with rhombic-type microstructure as “core”, and the so-called “core-shell” microstructure was confirmed in the BST@Fe2O3 powder. Then, BST@x wt%Fe2O3 (x = 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10, denoting the different content of Fe2O3) ceramics were further prepared, and the influence of “core-shell” structure on the phase structure, microstructure, and dielectric properties was investigated. With the increasing of Fe2O3 content, the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition temperature shifts toward lower temperatures, and dielectric peaks gradually become broad and frequency-dependent, which may be due to inconsistent chemical composition from core to shell.

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Wang, Qing Hui, Zhang Yong Wu, Zhen Hua Duan, Cheng Zhuo Wen und Xi Wu. „The Properties of Water Hydraulic High-Speed On/Off Valve Ceramic-Based“. Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (März 2012): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.340.

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In order to solve the severe wear problem of the core in water hydraulic high-speed on/off valve, according to the requirements of high-speed on/off valve components in water hydraulic transmission and from the practical standpoint, the core manufactured with ceramic materials could bring its advantages of high strength, big hardness, good wearability, non-affection with corrosion into play.By the wear-resisting experiment the wear case of Si3N4 ceramic core has been studied with weight-loss method by electronic analysis balanc.The results show that the core manufactured with Si3N4 has high abrasion resistance and low wear rate, and the structure design of water hydraulic high-speed on/off valve with ceramic core is reasonable and the performance is good.

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Stolboushkin, Andrey, Vadim Syromyasov, Vladimir Vereschagin und Oksana Fomina. „Macromodel of interfacial transition layer in ceramic matrix composites“. MATEC Web of Conferences 143 (2018): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814302003.

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The purpose of the study is to create a macromodel of interfacial transition layer in ceramic matrix composites. Chemical and mineralogical compositions were investigated by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis and X-ray diffractometry, ceramic and technological properties of raw materials were defined using standard test methods for argillaceous raw materials. Phase composition and structure of ceramic specimens were studied using a complex of modern physico-chemical analysis methods. The layer-by-layer model of shell-core transition in ceramic matrix material was suggested. Boundary conditions for obtaining specimens were defined in terms of number of layers, thickness of such layers and pitch of core-to-shell material ratio. Forced air supply was organized while burning for directed heat and mass transfer inside the specimens. Mineral composition of layers was defined for ceramic specimens with the core of iron ore waste and the shell of clay. The study enabled to determine dependences between qualitative and semi-quantitative variation of new mineral formations content in transitional layers of a composite, which is the evidence of interaction between the core and the shell products while burning a ceramic matrix material.

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Bayer, Petr, Josef Krátký, Daniel Drdlík und Miloslav Popovič. „Ballistic Performance of Al₂O₃ and SSiC Ceramic with Areal Density of 26 kg/m² against 7.62 mm Calibre Projectiles“. Advanced Materials Research 1124 (September 2015): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1124.103.

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The present study deals with ballistic performance of corundum and silicon carbide ceramics against 7.62 mm calibre projectile. In particular, ceramic samples of dimension 100 x 100 mm with various thickness in the range of 6.94 – 6.96 mm and 7.77 - 7.79 mm were glued to Al plate with thickness of 8 mm and tested against 7.62 mm calibre projectiles, namely 30.06 M2 AP, 7.62 mm x 51 AP (WC) and 7.62 mm x 54 R B32. The conducted tests have provided the V50 value for tested materials composed of 8 mm Al plate and ceramic.Furthermore, applying linear approximation the value V50 for normalized ceramic areal density of 26 kg/m2 was calculated. From the given V50 values, the energy of projectile absorbed in ceramic and in Al plate was also calculated. Finally, the results showed that corundum ceramic exhibited significantly lower ballistic efficiency probably due to lower thickness (26 kg/m2 corresponds to thickness of 6.61 mm) in comparison with SSiC ceramic (26 kg/m2 corresponds to thickness of 8.33 mm). The highest efficiency showed 7.62 mm x 51 AP (WC) with a hard core against both ceramics. An unexplained point remains similar V50 value for 30.06 M2 AP and 7.62 mm x 54 R B32 projectile for corundum ceramic and significantly different for SSiC ceramic.Graphical abstract

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Wu, Hai Hua, Di Chen Li und Yi Ping Tang. „Fabrication of Integral Core/Shell Ceramic Casting Mould for Hollow Turbine Blade“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 248 (Dezember 2012): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.248.231.

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The paper presents an integral core/shell fabrication of ceramic casting mould for hollow turbine blades by combining SL (Stereolithography) with gelcasting. This method could guarantee the positional accuracy between ceramic cores and shell, thus achieving the rapid fabrication of complex turbine blade castings. The paper focuses on the design of resin mould for gelcasting, the preparation of ceramic slurry, the pyrolysis of resin prototype and the sintering of ceramic green body. The feasibility and effectiveness of above mentioned method were verified through successful manufacturing of hollow turbine blades with double-walled structure.

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Zhang, Xiandong, und Kun Bu. „B-spline contour curve approximation and deformation analysis of complex ceramic core“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, Nr. 6 (20.06.2018): 1663–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405418782289.

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Complex ceramic core is the critical part for manufacturing hollow turbine blade in the investment casting process. The complex geometry, small inner structures and high-precision requirements of ceramic cores make them difficult to fabricate, and the shape and dimensional accuracy of ceramic cores are very low in factory practice. To understand the deformation characteristics of ceramic cores, a noisy points recognition algorithm, an extraction method of measuring cross-section contour points and a B-spline iterative fitting algorithm using dominant points of chord deviation are proposed. First, the cross-section contour points were provided through registration, slicing and intersection methods. Second, the noisy points were deleted by convex noisy points and concave noisy points recognition algorithms. Third, the cross-section contour curve of the ceramic core was fitted through B-spline iterative fitting method with chord deviation dominant points. The curves fitted with chord deviation points and curves fitted with local maximum curvature points were compared with simulating data and scanning data, respectively, and the results show that B-spline fitting curve needs fewer chord deviation points than local maximum curvature points, 24.4% fewer in simulation validation and 12.5% fewer in experimental validation. In the end, the bending deformation, torsion deformation and shrinkage deformation errors of ceramic core are established by fitting contour curves of serial cross sections of the ceramic core.

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Ozcan, Nihal, und Erdal Sahin. „In vitro evaluation of the fracture strength of all-ceramic core materials on zirconium posts“. European Journal of Dentistry 07, Nr. 04 (Oktober 2013): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.120671.

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ABSTRACT Objective: For most endodontically treated teeth, tooth-colored post-core systems are preferable for esthetic reasons. Therefore, improvements in material strength must also consider tooth colored post-core complexes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in tooth colored post-core complex strengths. Materials and Methods: A total of 33 human maxillary central incisor teeth were used for this study, with three groups of 11 teeth. Three different methods were used to fabricate all-ceramic post-core restorations: zirconia blanks, Cerec 3D-milled to one-piece post-core restorations (Test Group 1); feldspathic cores (from feldspathic prefabricated CAD/CAM blocks) adhesively luted to CosmoPost zirconia posts (Test Group 2); and IPS Empress cores directly pressed to CosmoPost zirconia posts (Test Group 3). All-ceramic crowns from feldspathic ceramic were constructed using a CAD/CAM system (Cerec 3D) for all specimens. The post-core complexes were tested to failure with the load applied at 45° angled relative to the tooth long axis. The load at fracture was recorded. Results: The maximum fracture strength of the milled zirconia cores (Test Group 1) was 577 N; corresponding values for the milled feldspathic cores (Test Group 2) and the pressed cores (Test Group 3) were 586 and 585 N, respectively. Differences were not statistically significant at P < 0.05 (P = 0.669). Conclusions: All-ceramic cores adhesively luted on zirconia posts and one-piece all-ceramic zirconium post-core structures offer a viable alternative to conventional pressing.

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Rajala, Jonathan, Hyeon Shin, Dinesh Lolla und George Chase. „Core–Shell Electrospun Hollow Aluminum Oxide Ceramic Fibers“. Fibers 3, Nr. 4 (16.10.2015): 450–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib3040450.

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Hochman, N., und M. Zalkind. „New all-ceramic indirect post-and-core system“. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 81, Nr. 5 (Mai 1999): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3913(99)70220-9.

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Lu, Hong-Yang, Jong-Shing Bow und Wen-How Deng. „Core-Shell Structures in ZrO2-Modified BaTiO3 Ceramic“. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 73, Nr. 12 (Dezember 1990): 3562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb04258.x.

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Voorhees, Eric J., und David J. Green. „Failure Behavior of Cellular-Core Ceramic Sandwich Composites“. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 74, Nr. 11 (November 1991): 2747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb06838.x.

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YAMADA, Naoki, Junji TANI und Jin hao QIU. „Fabrication of Piezoelectric Ceramic Fibers with Pt Core“. Proceedings of Conference of Tohoku Branch 2002 (2002): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeth.2002.73.

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O'Brien, W. J., C. L. Groh, K. M. Boenke, G. P. Mora und T. Y. Tien. „The strengthening mechanism of a magnesia core ceramic“. Dental Materials 9, Nr. 4 (Juli 1993): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0109-5641(93)90068-2.

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Cho, Moon-Sang, Bin Yu und Yong-Keun Lee. „Opalescence of all-ceramic core and veneer materials“. Dental Materials 25, Nr. 6 (Juni 2009): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2008.11.013.

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YAMADA, Naoki, Jinhao QIU, Majung PARK, Daisuke HOSHI und Junji TANI. „605 Fabrication of Piezoelectric Ceramic Fibers with Pt Core and Evaluation of Their Piezoelectricity“. Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2003 (2003): _605–1_—_605–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2003._605-1_.

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Kojo, Yasushi. „Production of Prehistoric Southwestern Ceramics: A Low-Technology Approach“. American Antiquity 61, Nr. 2 (April 1996): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282429.

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Production organization of Tusayan White and Gray wares (A.D. 850–1150) in northeastern Arizona was inferred from four independent lines of evidence: (1) association between temper class and geological zone, (2) distribution of intermediate pottery having characteristics of coterminous wares, (3) portable vessel frequencies in the core and peripheral areas, and (4) distribution of items and features related to pottery making. In spite of the propositions made by some scholars that specialized ceramic production and a large-scale ceramic exchange were the case, the present analysis strongly indicates the prevalence of household production with a minimal occurrence of exchange in the core area of these wares during the period. In the right circumstances, a low-technology approach is more useful than high-technology and high-cost approaches, e.g., neutron activation, X-ray emission, thin-section analysis, in the study of production and exchange of prehistoric ceramics.

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Fan, Hong Na, Hui Ming Ji, Ding Zhong Tang, Xiao Guang Liu, Jian Sheng Yao, Xin Li, Guo Hong Gu, Li Li Wang und Shu Xin Niu. „Effect of Mullite Content on the Properties of Silica-Based Ceramic Cores“. Materials Science Forum 816 (April 2015): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.816.262.

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In this study, mullite was used as the addition to prepare silicon based ceramic cores, and the effect of mullite content on the mechanical and chemical properties was investigated. The phase composition and the morphology of the ceramic cores were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The results indicated that the shrinkage was induced by the addition of mullite and contaminations. The intensity of pre-heated cristobalite increased sharply with the mullite content increasing, which could improve the high temperature deformation simultaneously. However, mullite was difficult to remove by reacting with KOH which decreased the leaching rate of ceramic core. When mullite content was 15 wt%, the shrinkage of ceramic core was 0.78%, the creep at 1540 °C for 1 h was 0.3 mm and the leaching rate was 0.1 g/min, which meets the need of ceramic core of hollow turbine blades.

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Qin, Ye Xia, Ai Bing Du, Rui Zhang und Wei Pan. „Properties of In Situ Synthesized Alumina Ceramic Core Composites“. Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (Februar 2008): 724–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.724.

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A series of alumina-based ceramic cores were in situ prepared. Effect of kyanite on the properties of ceramic core was discussed. The results indicated that the microstructure of the core is characterized by the presence of unreacted Al2O3 particles having a polycrystalline composition consisting essentially of in-situ synthesized 3Al2O3 .2SiO2 on the surface of the Al2O3 particles. The ceramic cores of kyanite contents sintered at 1500oC for 3 h have almost no creep deformation.

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