Bücher: „Centrum prevence“

1

Breton, Michel Le. The art of making everybody happy: How to prevent a secession. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Middle Eastern Department, 2001.

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2

Landazabal, Maite Garaigordobil. El juego cooperativo para prevenir la violencia en los centros escolares: Evaluación de programas de intervención para la educación infantil, primaria y secundaria. [Madrid]: Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, 2006.

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3

Hillers, Val. Comida segura para los niños: Cómo prevenir enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos en centros de guardería y en guarderías que funcionan en hogares de familia. [Pullman, Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, 2004.

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4

Moskopp, Rainer. Relationship between ecology and security shown by the example of the Central Asian region and policy-oriented global approaches to prevent ecologically induced conflicts. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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5

Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act to amend the Act 22 Vic., cap. 85, and to prevent usury by fixing the rate of interest at six per centum per annum. Quebec: Thompson, Hunter, 2003.

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6

United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence. S. 1448, the Intelligence to Prevent Terrorism Act of 2001 and other legislative proposals in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks: Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session on S. 1448 ... September 24, 2001. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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7

Mitrokhin, L. V. Failure of three missions: British diplomacy and intelligence in the efforts to overthrow Soviet government in Central Asia and Transcaucasia and prevent contacts between the Soviet state and the national liberation movements in Afghanistan, Iran and India, 1917-1921, drawing on materials in the National Archives of India in Delhi. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1987.

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8

Pincus, Steven. To Prevent a Universal Monarchy: English Political Culture and Images of Power in Seventeenth-Century Europe. Yale University Press, 2008.

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9

Centers for Disease Control (U.S.), Hrsg. Lo que los centros para el tratamiento contra la adicción pueden hacer para prevenir la tuberculosis. [Atlanta, Ga.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, 1991.

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10

Centers for Disease Control (U.S.), Hrsg. Lo que los centros para el tratamiento contra la adicción pueden hacer para prevenir la tuberculosis. [Atlanta, Ga.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, 1991.

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11

Banu, Roxana. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819844.003.0001.

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This chapter describes and contests the common assumptions about nineteenth-century private international law intellectual history. Conventional historical accounts focus on broad schools of thought in private international law (PrIL), such as nationalism and internationalism, or personality and territoriality. By contrast, the central thesis of this book, described in this first chapter, is that internationalism was constructed differently depending on whether nineteenth-century internationalists took the state or the individual as the point of reference. This chapter argues that reading contemporary concepts and debates into nineteenth-century PrIL scholarship prevented us from engaging with the nuances and unique motivations of nineteenth-century PrIL theories. Instead, this introductory chapter outlines the contextual perspective adopted in this book’s intellectual historical account, which ultimately helps in recovering and reconstructing a relational internationalist perspective in nineteenth-century private international law legal thought.

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12

American Secession: The Looming American Breakup, and How We Can Prevent It. Encounter Books, 2020.

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13

Kowal, Deborah. China-US Partnership to Prevent Spina Bifida: The Evolution of a Landmark Epidemiological Study. Vanderbilt University Press, 2015.

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14

Kowal, Deborah. The China-US Partnership to Prevent Spina Bifida: The Evolution of a Landmark Epidemiological Study. Vanderbilt University Press, 2015.

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15

Fitzgerald, Criena. Kissing Can Be Dangerous: The Public Health Campaigns to Prevent And Control Tuberculosis in Western Australia, 1900-1960. University of Western Australia Press, 2006.

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16

Relationship Between Ecology and Security Shown by the Example of the Central Asian Region and Policy-Oriented Global Approaches to Prevent Ecologically Induced Conflicts. Storming Media, 1997.

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17

Beller, Steven. 6. Concatenations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198724834.003.0006.

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By 1914, the scene was set for antisemitism on a large scale throughout Central and Eastern Europe. Racial antisemitism and ethno-nationalism had prevented a full integration of Jews into society. ‘Concatenations’ looks at the effect of antisemitism in all its variant forms on the Jewish situation within European society. Central European Jews adjusted to the new situation of racism and ethno-nationalism by adopting the same approach to their own identity: to form their own state, improve themselves, cure European society of antisemitism, and complete the emancipation by integration into humankind as a nation rather than as individuals. But how did this apparently manageable situation result in the Holocaust?

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18

Meera, Shekar, Heaver Richard 1952-, Lee Yi-Kyoung und World Bank, Hrsg. Repositioning nutrition as central to the development agenda: A strategy for large scale action. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2005.

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19

Crouch, Robert, Alan Charters, Mary Dawood und Paula Bennett, Hrsg. Neurological emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688869.003.0006.

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Patients with an altered conscious level, as a consequence of either an injury or acute illness, require immediate assessment and prompt management to prevent or minimize further neurological damage. This chapter provides details of the emergency assessment of the neurological system and the ongoing monitoring that a patient may require. The nursing assessment and management of injuries to the skull and brain are covered, as well as selected central nervous system emergencies.

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20

Stafstrom, Carl E. Disorders Caused by Botulinum Toxin and Tetanus Toxin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0156.

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Anaerobic organisms of the genus Clostridia (C) can cause significant human disease. Exotoxins secreted by C botulinum and C tetani cause botulism and tetanus, respectively (summarized in Table 156.1). Botulinum neurotoxin causes neuromuscular blockade by interfering with vesicular acetylcholine release, leading to cholinergic blockade at the neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle, and consequently, symmetric flaccid paralysis. Tetanus toxin prevents release of inhibitory neurotransmitters at central synapses, leading to overactivity of motor neurons and muscle rigidity and spasms. This chapter reviews clinical features of botulism and tetanus and discusses their pathophysiological basis.

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21

Williams, S. C. Gender. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0020.

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Ministerial training throughout the nineteenth century was dogged by persistent uncertainties about what Dissenters wanted ministers to do: were they to be preachers or scholars, settled pastors or roving missionaries? Sects and denominations such as the Baptists and Congregationalists invested heavily in the professionalization of ministry, founding, building, and expanding ministerial training colleges whose pompous architecture often expressed their cultural ambitions. That was especially true for the Methodists who had often been wary of a learned ministry, while Presbyterians who had always nursed such a status built an impressive international network of colleges, centred on Princeton Seminary. Among both Methodists and Presbyterians, such institution building could be both bedevilled and eventually stimulated by secessions. Colleges were heavily implicated not just in the supply of domestic ministers but also in foreign mission. Even exceptions to this pattern such as the Quakers who claimed not to have dedicated ministers were tacitly professionalizing training by the end of the century. However, the investment in institutions did not prevent protracted disputes over how academic their training should be. Many very successful Dissenting entrepreneurs, such as Charles Haddon Spurgeon, Thomas Champness, William Booth, and Adoniram Judson Gordon, offered unpretentious vocational training, while in colonies such as Australia there were complaints from Congregationalists and others that the colleges were too high-flying for their requirements. The need to offer a liberal education, which came to include science, as well as systematic theological instruction put strain on the resources of the colleges, a strain that many resolved by farming out the former to secular universities. Many of the controversies generated by theological change among Dissenters centred on colleges because they were disputes about the teaching of biblical criticism and how to resolve the tension between free inquiry and the responsibilities of tutors and students to the wider denomination. Colleges were ill-equipped to accommodate theological change because their heads insisted that theology was a static discipline, central to which was the simple exegesis of Scripture. That generated tensions with their students and caused numerous teachers to be edged out of colleges for heresy, most notoriously Samuel Davidson from Lancashire Independent College and William Robertson Smith from the Aberdeen Free Church College. Nevertheless, even conservatives such as Moses Stuart at Andover had emphasized the importance of keeping one’s exegetical tools up to date, and it became progressively easier in most denominations for college teachers to enjoy intellectual liberty, much as Unitarians had always done. Yet the victory of free inquiry was never complete and pyrrhic in any event as from the end of the century the colleges could not arrest a slow decline in the morale and prospects of Dissenting ministers.

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22

Ratel, Sébastien, und Craig A. Williams. Neuromuscular fatigue. Herausgegeben von Neil Armstrong und Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0009.

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Scientific evidence supports the proposition that prepubertal children fatigue less than adults when performing whole-body dynamic activities like maximal cycling, running bouts, and maximal voluntary isometric/isokinetic muscle contractions. Although the mechanisms underpinning differences in fatigue between children and adults are not all fully understood, there is a consensus that children experience less peripheral fatigue (i.e. muscular fatigue) than their older counterparts. Central factors may also account for the lower fatigability in children. Some studies report a higher reduction of muscle voluntary activation during fatiguing exercise in prepubertal children compared to adults. This could reflect a strategy of the central nervous system aimed at limiting the recruitment of motor units, in order to prevent any extensive peripheral fatigue. Further studies are required to clarify this proposition.

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23

Wolterstorff, Nicholas. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805380.003.0001.

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This chapter considers why contemporary analytic philosophers of religion have neglected liturgy and focused almost all of their attention on religious belief. Following Descartes, reflections on mental activity and the mind have been central in modern philosophy. But that has not prevented the emergence of philosophy of art, philosophy of language, and political philosophy, none of which deal with mental activity or the mind. So why not philosophy of liturgy? Several explanations are considered; but none is found to be fully satisfactory. The Introduction concludes with an explanation of how the subsequent discussion relates to liturgical theology and to anthropological ritual studies.

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24

Khavandi, Kaivan, Halima Amer, Sarah Withers und Behdad Afzali. Pleiotropic effects of vitamin D. Herausgegeben von David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0127.

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Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid pro-hormone integral to physiological health, fulfilling a central role in skeletal mineralization, bone metabolism, and immune biology. Although vitamin D is synthesized photochemically in the skin and some is absorbed from dietary sources, vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are very common. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong association between vitamin D and kidney and heart disease, and some supplementation studies have suggested that repletion may prevent and/or ameliorate cardiorenal injury. This chapter focuses on vitamin D biology and discusses the many associations of vitamin D perturbation with diseases of humans.

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25

Lieber, Keir A., und Daryl G. Press. The Myth of the Nuclear Revolution. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749292.001.0001.

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Leading analysts have predicted for decades that nuclear weapons would help pacify international politics. The core notion is that countries protected by these fearsome weapons can stop competing so intensely with their adversaries: they can end their arms races, scale back their alliances, and stop jockeying for strategic territory. But rarely have theory and practice been so opposed. Why do international relations in the nuclear age remain so competitive? Indeed, why are today's major geopolitical rivalries intensifying? This book tackles the central puzzle of the nuclear age: the persistence of intense geopolitical competition in the shadow of nuclear weapons. The book explains why the Cold War superpowers raced so feverishly against each other; why the creation of “mutual assured destruction” does not ensure peace; and why the rapid technological changes of the 21st century will weaken deterrence in critical hotspots around the world. By explaining how the nuclear revolution falls short, the book discovers answers to the most pressing questions about deterrence in the coming decades: how much capability is required for a reliable nuclear deterrent, how conventional conflicts may become nuclear wars, and how great care is required now to prevent new technology from ushering in an age of nuclear instability.

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26

Chowdhury, Arjun. The Self-Undermining State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190686710.003.0002.

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This chapter provides an informal rationalist model of state formation as an exchange between a central authority and a population. In the model, the central authority protects the population against external threats and the population disarms and pays taxes. The model specifies the conditions under which the exchange is self-enforcing, meaning that the parties prefer the exchange to alternative courses of action. These conditions—costly but winnable interstate war—are historically rare, and the cost of such wars can rise beyond the population’s willingness to sacrifice. At this point, the population prefers to avoid war rather than fight it and may prefer an alternative institution to the state if that institution can prevent war and reduce the level of extraction. Thus the modern centralized state is self-undermining rather than self-enforcing. A final section addresses alternative explanations for state formation.

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27

Vargas Rojas, Víctor, und Christian Leonardo Little Cárdenas. Manual de buenas prácticas forestales para la protección hídrica en cuencas que abastecen a comités de agua rural. INFOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/20.500.12220/30362.

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El desarrollo y aplicación de este manual se espera permita avanzar en la generación de instrumentos de gestión territorial y su vínculo con el manejo de los recursos hídricos. De allí su relevancia para colaborar en la planificación de acciones de ordenamiento territorial para el centro-sur del país, considerado este como uno de los temas claves para la adaptación a los escenarios de cambio climático global. Se espera además que el presente documento sea un aporte para la gestión de las actividades forestales, entregando recomendaciones para prevenir y mitigar el impacto desfavorable que pueden provocar las actividades productivas asociadas al ciclo forestal sobre del agua.

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28

Stephenson, Barry. 7. The fortunes of ritual. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199943524.003.0008.

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‘The fortunes of ritual’ charts the history of ritual, its study, and its reception beginning with the Confucian text Liji. This outlines means to counter humanity's fallen state through devices, guides, and practices called li, which are imagined as knots binding society together. Jumping to Enlightenment Europe, ritual came to be viewed as staid and outmoded, a superstitious remnant of a primitive past, a past that prevented humanity from truly advancing. In the early twentieth century, ritual was given some credibility via the Durkhemian tradition of social functionalism and Julian Huxley's causal connection between society's ills and ineffectual ritualization in society. Recent ritual theory articulates the relationship between ritual and group solidarity as seen through participation in contemporary festivals.

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29

Kierner, Cynthia A. Inventing Disaster. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652511.001.0001.

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When hurricanes, earthquakes, wildfires, and other disasters strike, we count our losses, search for causes, commiserate with victims, and initiate relief efforts. Amply illustrated and expansively researched, Inventing Disaster explains the origins and development of this predictable, even ritualized, culture of calamity over three centuries, exploring its roots in the revolutions in science, information, and emotion that were part of the Age of Enlightenment in Europe and America. Beginning with the collapse of the early seventeenth-century Jamestown colony, ending with the deadly Johnstown flood of 1889, and highlighting fires, epidemics, earthquakes, and exploding steamboats along the way, Cynthia A. Kierner tells horrific stories of culturally significant calamities and their victims and charts efforts to explain, prevent, and relieve disaster-related losses. Although how we interpret and respond to disasters has changed in some ways since the nineteenth century, Kierner demonstrates that, for better or worse, the intellectual, economic, and political environments of earlier eras forged our own twenty-first-century approach to disaster, shaping the stories we tell, the precautions we ponder, and the remedies we prescribe for disaster-ravaged communities.

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30

Kahn, S. Lowell. Balloon-Assisted Removal of the Trapped Catheter. Herausgegeben von S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan und Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0048.

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Although uncommon, a trapped central venous catheter (CVC) can present a significant problem for the interventionalist and pose considerable risk to the patient. The use of chronic long-term CVCs is on the rise, with an average catheter dwell time of 10 months. Although all CVCs are prone to complications, chronic catheters exhibit a higher rate of complications. Chronic catheters are also at risk of becoming trapped, whereby they cannot be removed by standard technique. A simple, elegant technique to remove a trapped CVC via inserting an angioplasty balloon into the lumen of a stuck catheter has been described, as has a modified technique with inclusion of a hemostatic sheath and a stiff guidewire inserted into the cut catheter to ensure hemostasis, prevent air embolism or endoluminal thrombosis, and avoid injury to the central veins and heart. Examples of both applications are provided in this chapter.

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31

Caballero-Manrique, Esther, und Carlos A. Pino. Head and Neck Cancer Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0026.

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In the United States, there are 48,000 new cases of head and neck cancer (HNC) annually. Although HNC used to be associated mainly with smoking and drinking, it is now found in many nonsmokers and nondrinkers in their 50s due to the spread of HPV. Pain is typically present at the time of diagnosis. Treatment usually includes radiation, chemotherapy, and/or surgery, which address the mass effect and pain. Yet, patients continue to experience pain during and after treatment, because the treatment modalities can cause significant inflammation and neuropathy and can lead to central sensitization. Painful mucositis is a complication of chemotherapy and radiation treatment; it can become severe, impacting patients’ ability to speak and eat, and sometimes limiting treatment. Pain treatment for HNC is multimodal, and includes preemptive approaches to prevent neuropathy and central sensitization with antiepileptics, such as gabapentin and pregabalin. Mucositis pain is treated using a stepwise protocol.

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32

Passalent, Laura, und Salih Ozgocmen. Non-pharmacological management in axial spondyloarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0019.

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The ASAS/EULAR panel recommends a multidisciplinary and patient-centred approach that includes a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment modalities. These updated recommendations describe a number of non-pharmacological interventions as the cornerstone of treatment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The aims of such treatment are to: (1) reduce pain and discomfort; (2) maintain or improve muscle strength, endurance, flexibility, mobility, balance, physical fitness, and social participation; and (3) prevent spinal abnormalities, joint contractures, and deformities. This chapter presents the evidence in support of common non-pharmacological interventions for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and provides recommendations regarding the implementation of such treatment strategies.

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33

Morgan-Owen, David G. The Command of the Sea. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805199.003.0002.

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The Royal Navy thought about war in a particular way in the late nineteenth century. This chapter explains how the contemporary Navy understood strategy as it pertained to protecting the United Kingdom from invasion. By examining the different approaches taken to war against France and Germany between 1885 and 1900 it shows how the Admiralty understood the defence of the British Isles in this period in largely symmetrical terms. The battle fleet remained key to naval warfare and to preventing invasion, but it did not need to be shackled to the British coastline in order to prevent a hostile power from attempting to cross the Channel.

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34

Rands Barros, Alexandre. Brazil’s Northeast. Herausgegeben von Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni und Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.23.

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The Brazilian Northeast is a large poor region, which was the first to be colonized in Brazil. The region experienced some dynamism as a result of its early role as a centre of the agricultural export economy. However, historical and political circumstances resulted in a society in which there was a successive failure to build up the level of human capital level in the region. In particular, low access to political power of disadvantaged social groups prevented the implementation of an inclusive educational policy. This generated low per capita GDP and productivity growth, when compared to the national average. The prospects that some convergence with the national average will occur are only partial and restricted.

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35

Nothaft, C. Philipp E. Church Councils and the Question of Easter in the Fifteenth Century. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799559.003.0008.

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This chapter begins with an account of the calendar-reform initiative spearheaded in 1411–17 by Cardinal Pierre d’Ailly at the Councils of Rome and Constance, followed by an in-depth look at the repeated efforts towards a new calendrical legislation made at the Council of Basel in the years 1434–40, which saw the matter debated by a specially created commission or task force. The final part continues the story into the second half of the fifteenth century, highlighting in particular the role of print technology in the dissemination of calendrical and astronomical knowledge. Special attention is given to the activities of the astronomer Johannes Regiomontanus, whose premature death in 1476 prevented him from assisting Pope Sixtus IV in preparing a reform of the ecclesiastical calendar.

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36

Avni, Fred E., Marie Cassart, Anne Massez und Michèle Hall. Ante- and postnatal imaging to diagnose human kidney malformations. Herausgegeben von Adrian Woolf. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0361.

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Antenatal imaging plays a central role in the detection and management of congenital uropathies. Nowadays, two or three ultrasound examinations are performed in selected countries like Belgium or France while only one mid-trimester examination is performed in others (United Kingdom, Scandinavia). These examinations potentially allow the detection of a wide range of uronephropathies including at one end benign diseases and at the other, life-threatening conditions. Once detected, a full evaluation must be performed in order to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the prognosis. In selected cases, fetal magnetic resonance imaging will provide additional useful information. After birth, imaging evaluation has been standardized and helps to prevent further deterioration of the renal function.

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37

Wilsey, Brian J. Conclusions, Future Research Needs, and Issues. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744511.003.0009.

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Human populations are expected to reach 9 billion by the middle of the twenty-first century. This will present a challenge to grassland scientists on how to feed the world, while at the same time preventing further environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Pollinating bees are in decline globally, and grasslands with abundant wildflower populations provide key pollen sources important to prevent their future decline. In the United States, the iconic butterfly species the Monarch butterfly is in decline. Another major theme of future grassland science is likely to be in the fields of alternate states theory and restoration ecology. Sustainability research to address these issues is expected to increase in importance in the near future.

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38

Schofield, John. Urban Housing. Herausgegeben von Christopher Gerrard und Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.14.

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From many excavations in medieval towns in Britain since the 1970s, the forms and development of town houses and properties can be reconstructed. Timber buildings were the great majority, and they grew higher over time, particularly in the central streets. The urban property was usually built around its commercial front, the shop, with domestic accommodation behind and increasingly above. The form of buildings was influenced by urban building regulations, where they existed, to prevent fire and control waste. Histories of buildings can be constructed by dendrochronology. Houses in towns may have been part of an urban culture which was different from that in the countryside; more wealth, more ostentation, different values which encouraged the birth of a consumer society.

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39

Prah Ruger, Jennifer. Fulfilling Global Health Justice Requirements. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199694631.003.0011.

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Ensuring that medically necessary and appropriate health care and public health goods and services are available to all is the job of justice. The PG/SHG framework aspires to a goal of self-actualized societies imbued with a commitment to social justice, where governments and people promote the central health capabilities of all. Individual states have primary obligations to prevent and address health inequalities and externalities and to realize their populations’ health capabilities. The global community provides help and guidance when states fail to deliver, though this framework eschews coercive tactics. Rather, PG/SHG deploys public dialogue and education programs to swell support for these commitments. PG/SHG offers a conceptual model of health capability and guidance for operationalization.

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40

Katia, Yannaca-Small. Part VI The Post-Award Phase, 27 Annulment of ICSID Awards: Is it Enough or Is Appeal around the Corner? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198758082.003.0027.

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The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Dispute (ICSID) Convention prevents domestic courts from reviewing any decisions issued by ICSID panels. ICSID awards are therefore immune from challenges brought before national courts which may have a local bias or be subject to the influence of the host government. This chapter discusses (i) the scope and application of annulment of ICSID awards under the ICSID Convention; (ii) the grounds for annulment; (iii) the stay of enforcement as a requirement that often accompanies an application for annulment; and, (iv) the proposals related to the creation for an appeal mechanism for investment disputes as a response to the mounting criticism of the investor-state dispute settlement system and the quest to improve legitimacy and consistency.

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41

Baldwin, Robert, Martin Cave und Martin Lodge, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Regulation. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560219.001.0001.

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The Oxford Handbook of Regulation provides a clear and authoritative discussion of the major trends and issues in regulation over the last thirty years, together with an outline of prospective developments. Regulation is often thought of as an activity that restricts behaviour and prevents the occurrence of certain undesirable activities, but the influence of regulation can also be enabling or facilitative, as in the circumstances when a market could potentially be chaotic if uncontrolled. Each article offers a broad overview of key current issues and provides an analysis of different perspectives on those issues. Experiences in different jurisdictions and insights from various disciplines are drawn upon, and particular attention is paid to the challenges that are encountered when specific approaches are applied in practice. The articles illustrate distinctive arguments relating to the central issues.

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42

van Lint, Theo Maarten. From Reciting to Writing and Interpretation: Tendencies, Themes, and Demarcations of Armenian Historical Writing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199236428.003.0010.

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This chapter details how Armenian historiography was closely tied to the spread and defense of Christianity in Armenia, which had been declared the state religion by King Trdat at around 314. Because Armenia had been within the Iranian cultural and religious orbit from Achaemenid times onwards, the emergence of a Western orientation promoted by the Armenian Church meant a categorical change in outlook, which would dominate its historiography. Often contested between powerful eastern and western neighbours, various royal dynasties reigned over Armenia, the last one — the Arsacid — being of Parthian origin and acceded to power in the first century AD. However, major religious conflicts, particularly between Mazdeism and Christianism, left a deep imprint on Armenian historiography, and have long prevented it from acknowledging the Iranian elements in the wider Armenian social and cultural spheres.

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Coyne, Imelda, Freda Neill und Fiona Timmins, Hrsg. Clinical Skills in Children's Nursing. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199559039.001.0001.

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Children's Nurses require excellent clinical skills to provide high quality care to children and young people across a range of different ages. After the first year of their training, children's nursing students must master skills of increasing complexity whilst developing clinical judgement and confidence. Therefore, it is vital that links are made to children's biology and development, family needs, legal issues and problem solving but until now, it has been hard to find all this in one place. Clinical Skills for Children's Nursing is designed for children's and general nursing students in second year onwards to facilitate the transition from closely supervised beginners, to qualified professionals. By clearly explaining essential principles, evidence and special considerations, this text helps students to build up their confidence, not just in performing skills, but also in decision-making in readiness for registration and beyond. Step-by-step guides to performing core and advanced procedures are presented in tables for easy comprehension and revision, illustrated by photographs and drawings. Each skill draws on the available evidence base, which is updated regularly on the accompanying Online Resource Centre. Uniquely, this text develops students' critical thinking skills and ability to deliver child centred care by providing clear links to anatomical, physiological and child development milestones as well as regular nursing alerts which help prevent readers from making common mistakes. Clearly reflecting the Nursing and Midwifery Council's Essential Skills Clusters for registration and beyond, Clinical Skills for Children's Nursing is designed to support student nurses develop into competent practitioners. Supported by a dedicated Online Resource Centre with up-to-date evidence, realistic scenarios, and a wealth of other tools. On the Online Resource Centre: For registered lecturers and mentors: - Figures from the book, ready to download and use in teaching material For students: - Evidence, guidelines and protocols, reviewed and updated every 6 months - Over 40 interactive scenarios - Active web links provide a gateway to the articles cited in the book - Flashcard glossary to help learn key terms

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Treanor, Morag C. Child Poverty. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447334668.001.0001.

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Child poverty is rising across affluent western societies and how it is measured is vital to how governments act to prevent, alleviate or eliminate it. While the roots of childhood poverty are fiercely debated and contested, they are all too often misrepresented in policy and media discourses. Seeking to redress this, Treanor places children’s experiences, needs and concerns at the centre of this critical examination of the contemporary policies and political discourses surrounding poverty in childhood. She examines a broad range of structural, institutional and ideological factors common across developed nations, and their impacts, to interrogate how poverty in childhood is conceptualised and operationalised in policy and forge a radical pathway for an alternative future.

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Orzoff, Andrea. Interwar Democracy and the League of Nations. Herausgegeben von Nicholas Doumanis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199695669.013.16.

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Historians and contemporaries saw interwar democracy as incomplete, illegitimate, and inept. The League of Nations has been similarly characterized. Yet democracy endured across the Continent, threatened far more by Nazism than by internal actors. The League’s democratic internationalism failed to prevent a second world war, sanctioned Great Power imperialism, and neglected minority problems especially in Eastern Europe. But the League’s Secretariat shaped international discourse on humanitarian norms for the rest of the century, working with institutions and non-governmental organizations to bring about real good. This essay offers a tour d’horizon of interwar European democracy and democratic internationalism. While not minimizing the destructive influence of the radical right, it notes that in many cases seemingly undemocratic groups, institutions, and practices ended up stabilizing democracy.

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Soderlund, Jean R. Quaker Women in Lenape Country. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814221.003.0013.

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This chapter examines the central role of Quaker women during the years 1675–1710 in developing the first colony founded by members of the Society of Friends in North America. As individuals, women Friends helped to fashion a multicultural society consistent with Quaker beliefs in religious liberty and pacifism by maintaining amicable relations with the Lenape Indians and non-Quaker European settlers. At the same time, however, Friends failed to acknowledge the inconsistency of exploiting enslaved African Americans with Quaker ideals. As leaders of the Salem, Burlington, Chesterfield, and Newton (later Haddonfield) monthly meetings, Quaker women also helped to shape West New Jersey society by strengthening rules of discipline to prevent their children and other Friends from marrying non-Quakers and adopting ‘outward vanities’.

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Olson-Chen, Courtney. Neurologic Infections in Pregnancy. Herausgegeben von Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell und Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0011.

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Despite advances in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, infectious diseases continue to be a major cause of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Immunologic changes in pregnancy can increase both susceptibility to certain infections and the severity of infection. Infectious diseases in pregnancy contribute to the development of congenital fetal syndromes in addition to adverse outcomes including preterm birth, stillbirth, and intrauterine growth restriction. While infections of the maternal central nervous system, or CNS, are rare during pregnancy, the potential impact can be critical.1 This chapter will cover both the types of infections within the CNS and the potential organisms that cause these infections. The chapter will also provide general management recommendations for pregnancy in order to both prevent and maintain awareness about CNS infections.

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Parekh, Serena. No Refuge. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197507995.001.0001.

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This book confronts the ethical dimension of the global refugee crisis. When most people think of the global refugee crisis, they think of Syrians crossing the Mediterranean in flimsy boats into Europe or caravans of Central Americans arriving at the US border. Yet behind these images there is a second crisis: refuge itself has all but evaporated for millions of people fleeing persecution and violence. Refugees have only three real options—squalid refugee camps, urban slums, or dangerous journeys to seek asylum—and none of these provide access to the minimum conditions of human dignity. No Refuge makes visible to readers the crisis that refugees experience in the twenty-first century: for refugees, there is no refugee. The author argues we must adopt a moral framework that incorporates the harms refugees experience both as they flee their home countries and as they seek refuge elsewhere. It’s crucial, she thinks, that citizens understand the crisis for refugees as they seek refuge and the role our states have played in this crisis in order to develop more just responses in the future. Both drawing from and transcending other philosophers’ approaches to the morality of refugee policy, the book demonstrates that countries have a moral obligation to address the political structures that prevent refugees from accessing to the minimum conditions of human dignity. An adequate response to the crisis must include ensuring the rights and dignity of refugees wherever they are.

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Gillingham, Paul. Unrevolutionary Mexico. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300253122.001.0001.

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Unrevolutionary Mexico addresses how the Mexican Revolution (1910-1940) turned into a capitalist dictatorship of exceptional resilience. While soldiers seized power across the rest of Latin America, in modern Mexico the civilians of a single party moved punctiliously in and out of office for seventy-one years. The book uses the histories of the states of Guerrero and Veracruz as entry points to explore the origins and consolidation of this unique authoritarian state on both provincial and national levels. An empirically rich reconstruction of over sixty years of modernization and revolution (1880-1945) revises prevailing ideas of a pacified Mexico and establishes the 1940s as a decade of faltering governments and enduring violence. The book then assesses the pivotal changes of the mid-twentieth century, when a new generation of lawyers, bureaucrats and businessmen joined with surviving revolutionaries to form the Partido Revolucionario Institucional, which held uninterrupted power until 2000. Thematic chapters analyse elections, development, corruption and high and low culture in the period. The central role of military and private violence is explored in two further chapters that measure the weight of hidden coercion in keeping the party in power. In conclusion, the combination of provincial and national histories reveals Mexico as a place where soldiers prevented coups, a single party lost its own rigged elections, corruption fostered legitimacy, violence was concealed but decisive, and ambitious cultural control co-existed with a critical press and a disbelieving public. In conclusion, the book demonstrates how this strange dictatorship thrived not despite but because of its contradictions.

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Goodman, Martin. Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period. Herausgegeben von Martin Goodman. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199280322.013.0003.

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For all Jews in this period, in both diaspora and homeland, the Jerusalem Temple was the central religious institution. The wide dispersal of Jews prevented many from regular participation in Temple worship, but no religious Jew seem to have ignored the significance of the sacrificial and other offerings in Jerusalem. The second pillar of common Judaism was the Torah. It was during these centuries that the biblical text took a form resembling that of the present day and acquired something close to its later authority. Most of the debate about the relation of Jews to the surrounding culture has concentrated on the Hellenization of Judaism. The motivation of Christian scholars for investigating the relationship of Judaism and Hellenism has naturally been very different and more concerned with the origins of ideas found in the early Church.

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Bücher zum Thema „Centrum prevence“

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