Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Center for Jewish-Arab Economic Development“
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Calipha, Rachel, und Benjamin Gidron. „The Evolution of the Israeli Third Sector: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis“. Voluntaristics Review 5, Nr. 4 (08.03.2021): 1–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24054933-12340034.
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Abstract The expansion and development of the nonprofit sector worldwide in the 1980s and 1990s did not bypass Israel, and, as in other countries, sparked an interest for study to uncover its characteristics and major features. The Israeli population—both Jewish and Arab—has a rich tradition of voluntaristic activity on the individual as well as on the collective (organizational) levels, mostly in the communal context. The modern welfare state created new opportunities and new challenges for such activity within the broad framework of the nonprofit sector. This article aims to review the development of the nonprofit sector in Israel and analyze it within existing nonprofit theories. It takes a historical perspective in looking at its evolution, in light of political, social, ideological, and economic changes in the world and in the country. It discusses the development of policy and government involvement on the one hand and the unique features of Israeli philanthropy, both Jewish and Arab, on the other. It analyzes Israel’s civil society and social movements, as well as social entrepreneurship and their expression in the Third Sector. The article also covers the development of research and education on the Third Sector; it includes a review of research centers, databases, journals, and specific programs that were developed by Israeli universities. Finally, this article summarizes the characteristics of the nonprofit sector in Israel.
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Al-Dardasawi, Diya. „The Role of Digital Government in Supporting the Economic Growth of Countries - Case Study: United Arab Emirates“. International Journal for Scientific Research 3, Nr. 7 (14.07.2024): 181–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2024.v3n7p9.
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The study aimed to identify the reality and future of implementing digital government in the United Arab Emirates, and its role in supporting the country’s economic growth. This is done by learning about the concept of digital government, its elements, and its importance, and then learning about the foundations of implementing digital government in the United Arab Emirates. The role of the digital government in enhancing the position of the United Arab Emirates regionally and internationally as a center for technical progress and e-commerce, and knowing the position of the United Arab Emirates in the relevant global competitiveness indicators through the use of the descriptive analytical approach and the case study approach. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: The contribution of the United Arab Emirates’ adoption of modern technology and its application to digital government in achieving the concept of leadership and innovation, and developing distinguished infrastructure, as the country has allocated large investments to support the information technology sector; This led it to become a regional center for information and communication technology services and industry, and created an attractive investment environment in the information technology sector, which enhanced the diversification of sources of income and increased the size of the gross domestic product and its dependence on non-oil sectors, as the percentage of increase in the gross domestic product reached 7.9%. Year 2022, these sectors, of all types, relied on a qualified infrastructure of technical development, which highlights the importance of the state adopting technical progress through digital government in supporting economic growth. Digital transformation in the United Arab Emirates also contributed to enhancing its competitiveness in the international system by occupying first place globally in 23 indicators in 2020 in multiple sectors, including communications, health, work, and residence, all of which fall within the digital transformation in the United Arab Emirates. The study recommended a set of recommendations, including the need to generalize the success of the United Arab Emirates’ experience in implementing the digital government project to Arab countries; this is due to the success of its application in the UAE and its role in facilitating and simplifying all procedures and services provided to customers. Its impact on reducing time and costs, and its role in attracting investments and promoting economic growth. In addition to continuing to build and strengthen the education system using modern technical means, which contributes to spreading the culture of information technology and preparing technically qualified educational personnel to deal with the requirements of technical development.
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Arafat, Weal, Zhang Ya Bing und Omar Al-Mutawakel. „Infrastructure Developing and Economic Growth in United Arab Emirates“. Business and Economic Research 8, Nr. 1 (23.12.2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v8i1.12355.
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In the past thirty years, the United Arab Emirates non oil sector's contribution to GDP has been rising, the rise of a number of advantages of the industry, such as real estate, trade, tourism, construction, finance, shipping, processing industries. This led to the prosperity of the UAE economic market. UAE has a stable political environment and security community, and keep a good relationship with the major countries. Although the UAE is involved in some areas of conflict, but it has no impact on the overall situation. It has a wealth of oil and gas resources, is one of the most affluent countries in the region and the world, of which the government develop a comprehensive development strategy and efforts to develop non oil and gas industry.Although UAE has the most diversified economy in the GCC, the UAE's economy remains extremely reliant on petroleum(oil). With the exception of Dubai, most of the UAE is dependent on oil revenues. Petroleum and natural gascontinue to play a central role in the economy, especially in Abu Dhabi. More than 85% of the UAE's economy was based on the oil exports in 2009. While Abu Dhabi and other UAE emirates have remained relatively conservative in their approach to diversification, Dubai, which has far smaller oil reserves, was bolder in its diversification policy. In 2011, oil exports accounted for 77% of the UAE's state budget.The United Arab Emirates attaches great importance to infrastructure construction, and regard it as the basis of economic and social development. Since 70s, the UAE government has invested heavily in the construction of infrastructures, so as to create a favorable environment for foreign capital to enter Dubai. The United Arab Emirates as the most important financial and traffic center of the area, perfect legal system, has clean government and a good investment environment. Although affected by the 2009 Dubai debt crisis and the 2014 international oil prices and other unfavorable factors, but the overall economy is still maintained growth momentum. As an important hub in the Middle East, and the ancient maritime Silk Road of the important station, United Arab Emirates has "The Belt and Road" strategic prospects. In the context of oil prices, the United Arab Emirates non oil economic development is still strong, the development of infrastructure gets maintain stable growth, and investment risk is low.
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Malysheva, D. „The Monarchies of the Persian Gulf and Central Asia“. World Economy and International Relations 68, Nr. 7 (2024): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2024-68-7-79-89.
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The principal investigative goal of the present research is aimed at revealing the parameters and main directions of political and economic interaction between the Arabian monarchies and post-Soviet Central Asia (CA). The analysis takes into account the cardinal changes in the world system, where the formation of a polycentric world order is in full swing against the background of rejection of the monopolar model of world development. The place of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf in this order is determined by their increased foreign policy ambitions, supported by super-profits from the sale of oil and gas. The article also addresses an important issue of perception of the wealthy Arabian monarchies and their regional association, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), in Central Asia as a rather attractive foreign policy alternative. The Arab states of the Persian Gulf are currently intensifying their interaction with the Central Asian region, which offers them considerable opportunities in political, trade, and economic spheres. The interest of the Arabian monarchies, members of the Gulf Cooperation Council, in Central Asia is also in line with their intentions to establish themselves as an independent geopolitical center. In turn, Central Asian countries hope to accelerate their economic modernization with the help of Arab investment and to broaden the horizons of international cooperation through interaction with the GCC. The Central Asian countries also do not give up hopes for the inflow of Arab investments, which are so essential to their development. In the context of growing geopolitical turbulence and a competitive environment, post-Soviet Central Asia opens up new horizons of international cooperation.
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Khayrullin, Timur R. „UAE in the Struggle for Regional Leadership“. Asia and Africa Today, Nr. 9 (2023): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750027592-3.
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The article analyzes the evolution of the foreign and domestic policy of the United Arab Emirates from the moment of the formation of the state to the present. The formation of the UAE coincided with the rise in prices for hydrocarbons in the early 1970s, which allowed the state to attract foreign qualified personnel for the development of advanced sectors of the economy. It has been demonstrated that almost continuous economic growth has contributed to attracting large investments to the country and turning the UAE into the leading financial center of the Arab world. A number of factors contributed to the achievement of such success: effective management, entrepreneurial spirit of the elites, as well as mutual assistance of the two leading emirates – Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Moreover, the economic power achieved, comparable to the power of Saudi Arabia, allowed the Emirates to join the struggle for regional leadership during the events of the Arab Spring. It is important to use the UAE’s power tools, which were vividly demonstrated in the Libyan, Syrian and Yemeni crises. Systematic and quantitative methods were used in the study.
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Shchodra, Olha. „THE SLAVIC AGE IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION: THE ECONOMIC RISE OF THE SLAV-INHABITED BALTIC SEACOAST IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES“. Problems of slavonic studies, Nr. 68 (2019): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2019.68.3068.
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Abstract Background. The article attempts to explore the reasons of the economic rise in the Slav-inhabited Baltic Sea region, including the role of geographical factors; the impact of international trade on the economic development of the Slavic region; the role of the coastal Slavs in developing the Baltic trade routes as well as the network of river and land communications in Central and Eastern Europe. The paper mainly focuses on the participation of the Slavs in the formation of transcontinental trade routes and the development of trade between Europe and the Arab East. Purpose. To explore medieval written sources, archaeological sources and historical literature on the economic development of the Baltic Slavs; identify the main factors of their economic rise, including the establishment of cities and the development of trade. Results. The following conclusions are made in the article: the first early medieval cities in the southern Baltic were founded by the Slavs; as early as in the VII century in the Oder river basin alone there were about a hundred settlements in the lands of lutych tribes. The cities founded by the Slavs on the southwest coast of the Baltic were large trade centers such as Veligrad (ger. Mecklenburg), Volyn (ger. Yumna), Staryhrad (ger. Oldenburg), Kolobreg, Shchetin, Arkona and others. According to the German chronicler Adam Bremensky the Slavic city of Volyn located on the island at the mouth of the Oder river, was one of the largest early medieval cities in Europe and a major international trading center. The emergence of early cities was stimulated by economic development in the Baltic Slavic region, including agriculture and crafts. However, trade was the main factor in the economic rise of the Slav-inhabited Baltic sea region. The favorable geographical location contributed to the formation in its territory of a network of waterways and landways, which were branches of international trade highways. Contrary to established views of the Slavs as exclusively agricultural people, sources indicate that the main occupation of the coastal Slavs was trade. They also engaged in the maritime piracy, the centers of which were the islands of Fembra (ger. Femarn) and Ruyan (ger. Rügen). The coastal Slavic tribes were pioneers in paving the first trade routes and in developing international trade in the Baltic region. Trade activities of the coastal Slavs to a large extent ensured the establishment of trade links between different regions of Europe and the development of transcontinental trade between Europe and the Arab East. The transcontinental water and land routes passed through the lands inhabited by the Slavs (Slavonia). An important role in its development in the early Middle Ages also belongs to the Danube Slavs (the state of Samo, Great Moravia) and Rus. Key words: early Medieval Age, Baltic Slavs, obodrytes, lutyches, ruyans, international trade routes, trade with the Arab East.
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Dunn, Joe P. „The National Model League of Arab States“. Political Science Teacher 3, Nr. 1 (1990): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896082800000945.
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Among the excellent national simulations available—the Harvard Model UN, Cleveland Model UN, Howard University Model Organization of African States, etc., and several regional models—the best may be the National Model League of Arab States, held annually in March at American University in Washington, DC. Sponsored by the Arab League Information Center and the National Council on U.S.-Arab Relations, the Model (in its seventh year in 1989) imitates the League of Arab States, an organization founded in 1945 for the purpose of coordinating issues related to Arab development and cooperation.College and university student delegations represent the 22 member states of the Arab nation. As they debate, lobby, and caucus, students learn about the interplay of the state system, international and regional organization, intra-Arab cooperation and conflict, issues of the region, and superpower impact upon the area. As participants gain greater understanding of the culture, concerns, achievements, and problems of the Arab world, they shed stereotypes, question prejudices, and begin to appreciate another perspective on regional issues.The Model League consists of plenary sessions, five committees (political, economic, social and cultural, legal, and Palestinian affairs), and a summit conference of the League Council. The bulk of time is spent in the committee sessions, where students introduce, debate, and build coalitions in support of resolutions. In the process, they practice parliamentary procedure and sharpen forensic and bargaining skills. Faculty advisors evaluate the delegations and nominate individuals for awards.
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Al Oraimi, S. Z. „Diversity and social cohesion in the United Arab Emirates“. RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, Nr. 4 (15.12.2020): 837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-4-837-846.
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The article examines the effects of cultural diversity on social cohesion in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The UAE is an oil-rich country established in 1971 as a federation of seven Emirates. It is a small state with a population of ten million; the citizens account only for 10% of the population. Oil wealth enables the country to achieve advanced levels of human, social and economic development. Recently, the UAE has experienced a massive social change; modernization processes have been impended on highest levels. However, due to the historical demographic structure of the local population, the UAE always depended on external labor forces. Skilled and unskilled male workers immigrate from neighboring countries; as a result, the population structure has changed. After the world economic depression in 2008, the UAE experienced a dramatic increase in the number of population. Professional workers from all over the world flowed to the country, and Dubai became a major center for the regional trade market; today, its free zones are considered the best technical base for service and logistic businesses. Today, more than 200 nationalities live in the country, and the majority of them are migrant male workers. This instable and unbalanced demographic structure created cultural domination - international cultures dominate the local one. The demographic imbalance between citizens and foreigners resulted in a kind of disharmony. Due to their feeling of being a minority, the Emiratis move from the old cities to the suburban areas, which creates many social tensions. All these circumstances affected social cohesion, communal harmony and the direct social interaction of cultural groups. To illustrate the tensions and discomforts in the UAE, the author presents the results of face-to-face interviews and a group discussion - as a critical analysis by those in the center of change.
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Al-Obaidi, Shafika Jasim Nsaef. „Authenticity of Cultural Exchange between Arabs and Persians in Pre-Islamic History“. Journal of AlMaarif University College 31, Nr. 2 (31.12.2020): 221–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51345/.v31i2.195.g173.
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The researcher tries to shed light on the historical, intellectual and cultural depth between Arabs and Persians, especially in the pre-Islamic era, so l touched on the origins of Arab Bedouin singing, such as “Hidaa, Nasb, Sinaad, and Hazej”, and what are the factors that helped the development of cultural exchange between the two peoples, whether geographic, economic or political, as well as many poems included Arabic and Persian musical instruments. Finally, the female singers had a role in increasing the activity of cultural exchange, whether it was in Makkah and its boards or in Al-Hirah, the center of Al-Manazira kings.
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Karasova, Tatiana A., Andrey V. Fedorchenko und Dmitry A. Maryasis. „ISRAELI STUDIES AT THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES: PAGES OF HISTORY (THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY)“. Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, Nr. 4 (14) (2020): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2020-4-219-232.
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The article presents a historical overview of Israeli studies at the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS in the first two decades of the 21st century. The paper demonstrates the main research fields and publications of the Department for the Study of Israel and Jewish Communities, as well as the list of its heads and research fellows. The article shows how, having successfully overcome the difficulties of the 1990s that were rather hard on Russian Academy as a whole, the staff of the Israeli Studies Department in their numerous publications, speeches at Russian and international academic forums tried to respond to the new challenges in a scholarly way. In the 2000s the number of works published on the history of relations between the USSR / Russia and Israel increased, and this trend continued in subsequent years. Access to the archives for the first time made it possible to analyze the formation and development of Soviet-Israeli relations before the break (in 1953). The department expanded the directions of its academic activity. Its topics included such directions as the study of the collective memory of Jews in modern Russia, cultural identity, cultural memory, religious and secular identity of Russian Jews, attitude towards disability and people with disabilities, study of youth communities in Israel, Russia and Europe, the impact of the US-Israeli relations on the US Jewish community. Development of basic methodology for researching the state of Jewish charity in Moscow was one of the new tasks for the fellows of the Department to solve. The novelty of the tasks also included new methodology of researching the economic and socio-political development of Israel using social networks data. The Department continued to study all aspects of the life of the State of Israel — economic, socio-political and cultural processes developing in the Israeli state, including new features in regional policy and the concept of Israeli security. At present, members of the department’s, in addition to their current activities, are implementing a number of promising projects aimed at strengthening the department’s position as the leading center of Israeli studies in the post-Soviet space.
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Beeri, Itai, Meirav Aharon Gutman und Jonathan Luzer. „Municipal Territoriality: The Impact of Centralized Mechanisms and Political and Structural Factors on Reducing Spatial Inequality“. Urban Science 8, Nr. 2 (25.03.2024): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8020025.
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We explore two complementary mechanisms that are designed to work together to reduce spatial inequality—redrawing municipal borders and the redistribution of tax resources. This study’s methodology is based on the empirical analysis of 376 decisions of boundary commissions and permanent geographic commissions that resulted in land transfers and redistributed tax resources in Israel. Our findings indicate that the impact on spatial inequality is mixed. Over time, the amount of land transferred to low socio-economic municipalities has increased, provided that these municipalities are located in the center of the country, or have a Jewish ethnic majority, are politically affiliated with the Minister of the Interior and the ultra-Orthodox right, are financially sound, and have a large population and a large area. In contrast, the redistribution of tax resources provides revenue increases for low socio-economic municipalities that are in the periphery, largely populated by Arabs, are unaffiliated with powerful politicians, are financially weak and small in size and population.
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Zarrouk, Hajer, Teheni El Ghak und Elias Abu Al Haija. „Financial development, Islamic finance and economic growth: evidence of the UAE“. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 8, Nr. 1 (13.02.2017): 2–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-05-2015-0020.
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Purpose Does Islamic finance affect economic growth? The empirical literature in this area seems to be in early stages and the results are often mixed and inconclusive. This paper aims to examine the causality between financial development in general, Islamic finance in particular and real economic growth in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Design/methodology/approach Using time series data from 1990 to 2012, a bivariate vector autoregressive model was used to document the financial development-Islamic finance-growth causal nexus and to forecast growth under various scenarios. A composite indicator, as a proxy for financial development, was determined using a non-parametric approach: data envelopment analysis. Findings The direction of causality runs from financial development to economic growth and the reverse causality does not drive this relationship; however, the real gross domestic product (GDP) causes Islamic financial development with no reverse effect. Furthermore, the forecasting results indicate that the past relation has been a proxy for the future where financial development leads to better progress in real economic activity. This will likely continue to stimulate the development of Islamic finance. Research limitations/implications Because the financial markets in the UAE were established in 2000, this study ignored Islamic bonds and equity product. The value of the Sukuk listed on Dubai’s exchanges is around US$36.75bn (Thomson Reuters, 2015), reinforcing Dubai’s position as an international center for Sukuk activity. Among the most important tools of the Islamic financial sector, Sukuk deserves a closer empirical study. This can set the agenda for future work. Practical implications The financial sector appears to be one of the main drivers of real economic activity. However, more effort in the area of Islamic finance is needed to promote Shari’ah-compliant economic activities and thus better contribute toward making Dubai-UAE the capital of the Islamic economy. Originality/value A new indicator was used to evaluate the financial strength of the UAE and analyze its effect on economic development. In addition, as one of UAE’ emirates, Dubai declared its vision in 2013 to become the “capital of the Islamic economy”, this study analyzed the finance, Islamic finance and growth relations over the period 2013-2022.
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Mohamed Mashal, Mahmoud Ismaeil. „Legal Framework To Support Islamic Banking and Finance In The United Arab Emirates“. Invest Journal of Sharia & Economic Law 2, Nr. 2 (29.12.2022): 196–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/invest.v2i2.5341.
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The duality of the banking system in the United Arab Emirates and its impact on economic development today represents the reality of banking systems in countries that license Islamic banking, especially with the state's first taking into account the traditional banking system. In contrast, banks, institutions, ministries, and organizations that manage work in this field practice these systems have been enabled in Muslim countries under the pressure of economic globalization. At the same time, the country is striving to develop the field of Islamic economy, support Islamic banking while enabling modern technologies and intelligent applications in the digital age, and encourage innovation in Islamic banking and finance. This trend calls for further research and deep consideration to clarify the role of the United Arab Emirates in supporting the Islamic economy and its banking and Islamic finance, as the idea of the duality of the banking system may seem contradictory in its application. As a result of this research, the Government of Dubai has started a strategic plan to develop the Islamic economy sector. The goal is to make Dubai the leading center for Islamic finance, e-commerce, the digital content industry, design and innovation, knowledge, education, and research, as well as the global reference for Islamic economy standards. The UAE government has adopted blockchain technology to implement government transactions and to achieve the desired results; the country launched the UAE Blockchain Strategy 2021m. The characteristics of the Islamic banking system reflect the reality of Sharia rulings without living and manipulation. However, the current situation has many observations, so coexistence has become at the expense of differentiation.
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Inozemtseva, E. I. „DERBENT IN CULTURAL AND CIVILIZATION SPACE OF THE MIDDLE AGES: FEATURES AND PECULIARITIES“. History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 13, Nr. 2 (15.06.2017): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch13214-22.
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The article covers the place and role of Derbent in the cultural and civilization space of the Medieval Caucasus. Basing on written sources, the author highlights important features and peculiarities of the town situated at the ‘eternal crossing’, its polyethnic nature was the main structure-forming factor and the cultural environment was a kind of symbiosis based on centuries of interaction of traditions of historically developed ethnic, confessional and social groups of townspeople. A certain negative balance in the historical and cultural process of Medieval Derbent was accounted for the slave trade. Traditionally being one of the transit centers of the slave trade in the Eastern Caucasus, in the 11th-13th centuries Derbent acquired the status of the most well-known and active slave trade market. During the process of Islamization, Dagestan people found themselves under direct influence of the Arab-Muslim civilization. Together with the religion, the rich scientific literature and fiction of the peoples of the Middle East came here and had an entirely fruitful influence on the development of spiritual life of the region. Representatives of the Muslim elite of Derbent were recognized authorities in the field of hadith science and Muslim law. Medieval Derbent was not only a religious but also a major center of spiritual culture, a kind of intellectual base and foundation of the local Muslim spiritual elite. The Arabic language and writing were critical for the formation of the local culture and science. In the comparative historical aspect, the development of Medieval Derbent had a strongly-pronounced specific character conditioned, first of all, by the centuries-old history of the town, which created unique conditions for the formation of the ethno-confessional composition of the town’s population, for the development of economic and social life. As polyethnicity was the main structure-forming factor in Derbent, it should be considered as a specific model of stable long-term interethnic interaction. For many centuries, Derbent was a well-known center of large-scale transit trade in the Eastern Caucasus. Realizing the natural needs of peoples for the exchange of goods, trade was a powerful factor of creation because it stimulated the development of crafts, science, art, development of new territories, and construction of towns. Trade was also an important factor of peace as it required political stability. At the same time, trade was a factor of dialogue culture, the culture of civilized communication, respect for customs and faith of partners in trade. An important feature of Derbent was its unique socio-cultural function: it was the center of not only economic, but also considerable cultural attraction.
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Muneam Khmees Mukhlif und Ibtihal Mohammed Ridha Dawood. „The Belt-Road Initiative and prospects, Iraq as a model -Strategic Vision“. قضايا سياسية, Nr. 74 (30.09.2023): 399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.58298/742023458.
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The Chinese Belt and Road initiative is a revival of the idea of the ancient Silk Road, which dates back to the second century BC, and was a network of roads traveled by caravans to transport commercial goods between China, Central Asia, Persia, the Arabs, and Europe, and silk was one of the most important goods that China exported. China believes that this road serves most of humanity and is based on the development of a large number of regions. It is not limited to 68 countries through which roads and sea lines pass, but rather it will revive global trade and raise growth rates.
The importance of Iraq and the Arab region, in general, emerged in the Chinese strategic perception as a source of energy. Historical studies indicate that China's relationship with the Arab region dates back to 2000 BC. The location of the Arab region in an important global strategic region near Asia and North Africa and its enjoyment of a long history, honorable civilization, and abundant natural resources, created exchanges between both the Arab-Chinese sides in various fields through what was called (the Silk Road and the Perfume Road by land and sea ). China has sought to regard Iraq as a starting point for it in the Arab world and in the Asian continent, which can serve its strategic objectives in the African continent as well and express its prestige as a great Asian power. And since Iraq is a producer and exporter of oil, therefore China views it as a country of strategic importance, and Iraq can establish a foreign policy with diverse relations and reduce the status or level of its relations with Washington and focus on increasing its cooperation with China, which does not show more interest in political affairs than in economic affairs. In addition, Iraq's relationship with China does not harm the United States of America.
China seeks to gain Iraq as a strategic ally in the region on the one hand and to preserve the source of oil supplies and investment projects on the other hand. The Chinese project ((The Belt and Road)) provides Iraq with a strategic opportunity to achieve its national interests in terms of economic and trade (transit through Iraq) towards the continent of Europe and the Levant region and vice versa, as Iraq needs to diversify the sources of national income and thus strengthen the Iraqi economy in addition to selling imports oil. Therefore, Iraq is supposed to adopt a strategic approach based on seizing the opportunities available in the international strategic environment and employing the Chinese interest in it to benefit from the initiative. Especially since China has become a center of attraction in the environment of international alliances and alliances. security, including Iraq.
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Limonad, Mikhail Yurievich. „ARCHITECTURE AND ITS WINDAGE“. Vestnik MGSU, Nr. 6 (Juni 2017): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2017.6.610-618.
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The article deals with the composition of the landscape and building on the basis of the laws of aerodynamic resistance of objects to the wind flow and the resulting physical effect of sail. The application of landscape-visual assessment based on windage properties as a criterion for the development of the architectural and town-planning appearance of buildings is presented. Windage is studied as a physical phenomenon arising in landscape forms, buildings, loose materials, surface and vegetation of the relief. Similarities are found between the silhouettes of windage ships and urban buildings. It is revealed that in the architectural qualification the center of the sail and the center of the lateral resistance of the object can help assess the relative position of the elements of the landscape and the appearance of the building in order to achieve compositional integrity. Thus, a technique for assessing visual appearance based on a system of visual moments of sailness with respect to the object’s observation center has been developed. The influence of high-rise buildings on the conditions of the active surface for human stay on domestic and foreign examples is analyzed. Among the described objects there are high-rise buildings on Novy Arbat in Moscow, the sculpture “Motherland Calls!” In Volgograd, Spinaker Tower in Portsmouth (United Kingdom), Burj Al Arab Hotel in Dubai (United Arab Emirates). It is noted that to assess the compositional integrity of the observed landscapes by visual windage, photographs from the ground level and significant heights of window openings are used. It is proposed to use this to assess the existing types and panoramas, for which they need to capture a photo or video of planar or volumetric images, while performing editing to establish the adequacy of visual perception of a person in real conditions. In conclusion, the result of the study reveals the application of the method of assessing visual windage to determine the proportional unity of the external volume of the building with the environment. On this compositional characteristic, the creation of an artistically completed whole landscape is based, which increases its aesthetic and economic value.
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Thawaba, Salem A. „Jerusalem Walls: Transforming and Segregating Urban Fabric“. African and Asian Studies 10, Nr. 2-3 (2011): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921011x586997.
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AbstractJerusalem city witnessing last touches of constructing the Israeli wall that came as a part of a general strategy aim to separate the city from its periphery. The city, that includes about 400,000 Palestinians considered as the hub of fifty Palestinian communities. This structure is interlinked by complex cultural, social, and economic relationships. This aims to de facto annex vast areas to Israel using different means like land confiscations, colonial activities and finally constructing the wall in order to reach the city “Israelization”. Israel claims that Jerusalem is an open city as was declared immediately after 1967. On the ground, since 1967, Israel created different kinds of walls to divide Jerusalem into Palestinian enclaves and Israeli contiguous urban scheme (Hasson, 1996). This study investigates the impact of Israeli policies on Jerusalem area since 1948. Since then all planning practices were directed to isolate Jerusalem by cutting off all surrounding Arab communities. The aim of the study is to shed light on the hidden agenda of the Israeli planning strategies and its impact on the Palestinian urban structure. In order to assess the urban settings for the study area, aerial photos were analyzed, field visits, literature and historical review were conducted. The outcome of the study shows that Israeli planning machine in the area was aiming to enlarge “Greater Jerusalem” area by annexing as much land as possible within the city boundary. Another aim was to weaken and segregate the surrounding Palestinian communities in away to make it impossible for these communities to form a center as a Palestinian hub competing the historical hub of Jerusalem.
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Yang, Shuai, Xuemei Wang, Zhongxi Ge, Guanyu Dong, Mingguo Ma und Xujun Han. „Global Per Capita CO2 Emission Trends“. Atmosphere 14, Nr. 12 (08.12.2023): 1797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14121797.
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In recent years, carbon emissions have become a hot spot issue, and countries have made efforts to control the increasing rate of CO2 concentration. Prior studies have mainly focused on the national total carbon emissions, but per capita carbon emissions are still poorly known. Here, we used multiple economic development indices to investigate the dynamics of per capita carbon emissions. Additionally, we used the Mann–Kendall test to assess the directions and magnitudes of trends and to investigate abrupt changes in per capita carbon emissions. Our results showed the highest positive growth rate of 0.439 mts/yr in Oman, and the highest negative growth rate of −0.462 mts/yr in the United Arab Emirates. Hurst Index analysis showed that about 86% of countries will keep the current trends of carbon emissions if current mitigation measures remain unchanged. Furthermore, we analyzed the shift in the center of gravity for per capita carbon emissions and used the contribution decomposition method to identify the drivers for the shift, which changed direction in 2004. The main driver behind the westward shift in the gravity center before 2004 was the fact that carbon emissions grew more strongly in the west than in the east before 2004, while the driver for behind the eastward shift in the gravity center after 2004 was a combination of emission reductions in the west and emission increases in the east. Our results highlighted the importance of understanding that the per capita CO2 emissions are clearly defined within the context of global carbon neutrality, which can help policymakers set more reasonable targets with which to better achieve carbon neutrality goals.
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Katz, Shaul. „Berlin Roots – Zionist Incarnation: The Ethos of Pure Mathematics and the Beginnings of the Einstein Institute of Mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem“. Science in Context 17, Nr. 1-2 (Juni 2004): 199–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889704000092.
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Officially inaugurated in 1925, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem was designed to serve the academic needs of the Jewish people and the Zionist enterprise in British Mandatory Palestine, as well as to help fulfill the economic and social requirements of the Middle East. It is intriguing that a university with such practical goals should have as one of its central pillars an institute for pure mathematics that purposely dismissed any of the varied fields of applied mathematics. This paper tells of the preparations for the inauguration of the Hebrew University during the years 1920–1925 and analyzes the founding phase of the Einstein Institute of Mathematics that was established there during the years 1924–1928. Special emphasis is given to the first terms in which this Institute operated, starting from the winter of 1927 with the activities of the director and one of the founders, the German mathematician Edmund Landau, and onward from 1928 when his successors, particularly Adolf Abraham Halevi Fraenkel and Mihály-Michael Fekete, continued Landau's heritage of pure mathematics. The paper shows why and how the Institute succeeded in rejecting applied mathematics from its court and also explores the controversial issue of center and periphery in the development of science, a topic that is briefly analyzed in the concluding section.
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Brownson, John A. Jamil, Ahmad Bin Touq und Nasser A. Saif Almuraqab. „Global Connectivity, Spatial Proximity, Multimodal Transport, and Polycentric Urban Regions: UAE Urban Development 2020 - 2030“. International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, Nr. 3 (18.09.2023): 2524–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i3.1991.
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At a current world city scale, conurbations interweave complex multimodal systems of logistics, transport, and communications. As this process evolves into a global network of interconnected urban nodes. While diffusing globally, China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) proposal creates an infrastructural framework for global exchange, analogous to the Ancient TransAsian links of Silk Road and Indian Ocean. Linked spatial dimensions and functional regions have always existed at different scales without any synchronized nomenclature for a grid with exact dimensional measurements. The global surface exists as a topological phenomenon of multi scalar dimensions covered by varied surface phenomena from earth to vegetation with fluid elements alternating in liquidity and flows. increasingly the world cities trend divides more advanced urban regions from less well viably connected territories, governments, industries, and commerce. Thus, the world has been experiencing an unequal distribution of trade and associated transport, logistics and handling facilities. In relation to global trade and transport tends to focus on the post-industrialized West and East and so underplays the role of other parts of the world system, including the MENASA (Middle East–North Africa–South Asia) region. In doing so, scholars discount a variety of spatial, morphological, environmental, historical, and socio-political urban patterns particular to these other regions and cities. This article addresses this oversight by examining the United Arab Emirates coastal conurbation (U.A.E.–CC, including Dubai–Abu Dhabi–Sharjah–Ajman), with its unique global positioning and political and economic conditions. The U.A.E.–CC is explored in relation to theories of the world/global city, the airport city or aerotropolis, and the polycentric urban region (PUR). The article demonstrates the emerging formation and potential of the U.A.E.–CC PUR, a member of a world-city network specializing as a transport hub and tourist destination and a global logistics center.
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Guledani, Lali. „Surami In Georgian Language Literary Works Of Israel“. Near East and Georgia, Nr. 14 (20.03.2022): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32859/neg.14.610.7-16.
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Surami was one of the most important cities of Kartli in ancient times. In the distant past, there was an important trade-caravan route from east to west which is mentioned in the historical sources as far back as BC. The information can be found in the works of Greek historians and geographers of IV-III centuries. The small town of Surami was located in the very center of Georgia, which contributed to its multifaceted development. Such a favorable geographical location has always made this place very attractive. In the 18th century, Surami was inhabited by Georgians, Armenians and Jews. The Jews lived in the vicinity of the Surami fortress and pursued trade and handicrafts. In addition to economic, political, and demographic factors, the Jewish social factor must have had some influence on the urban development of Surami, especially during the period of globalization when the capitalist mode of production took on a perfect form. The agrarian sector, which was the basis of agriculture, was replaced by a trade-making relationship. The domestic market was expanding, both domestic and foreign trade was growing in which more or less all parts of Georgia would be involved. The gradually growing economic ties between the regions of Georgia put an end to the isolation. The class of merchants was growing and expanding. Along with trade, pawnbrokers started to lend money at interest. Surami Jews were actively involved in these processes. One of the contributing factors to the urbanization process is an increase of the urban population. The Surami Jews whose main occupation was trade gradually developed into the civic population. They had large families. They established close trading ties with neighboring countries and in this respect they found themselves in a somewhat advantageous situation in the region – Surami was a place where all kinds of deficit goods could be purchased. The number of the Jewish population in Surami was growing, thus contributing to the process of urbanization, which, with rare exceptions, took place in fairly peaceful conditions. Centuries of peaceful coexistence with Georgians have finally shaped the identity of Surami Jew who is symbolically an offspring of two nations: he speaks Georgian, wears Georgian clothes, follows certain Georgian traditions and at the same time strongly adheres to the Jewish religious way of life. It was such peaceful coexistence with Georgians that led to the sweet memories and strong nostalgia of Surami Jews after their return to Israel. Many of them are also successful in Israel in various fields. Some of them are creative. The source of inspiration for a large part of the intelligentsia is the longing for the Georgian reality, including Surami, which is realistically reflected in their works. For example, Izolda Krikheli, one of the representatives of Georgian émigré literature, immortalized the Jews living in Surami in the 20th century in her book "Surami: Dream and Reality" who together with the Georgian people endured the cruel events of this difficult period. She describes the reality impartially, introducing the reader with the Jews who were born in Surami and contributed to the reconstruction of Georgia with their dignified secular or religious activities. The book provides a brief overview of the history of Surami and the role Surami Jews played in it. The title of the book points to the special relationship between the two nations - the author lived in Surami and dreamed of Israel, now she is in Israel and dreams of Surami … The writings of Georgian Jews on the topic of Surami Jews tells us a lot about the lifestyle, occupation and history of the small Jewish community and their role in the urban development of Surami.
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Trianda, Ishak. „Peranan Pemerintah Dalam Mendorong Pertumbuhan Bank Syariah“. JURNAL EKONOMI DAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH 1, Nr. 1 (23.06.2020): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46899/jeps.v1i1.138.
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Pemerintah Indonesia sebagai motor penggerak pembangunan nasional. Sudah saatnya melakukan planning ke depan untuk menjadikan Indonesia sebagai pusat sentral ekonomi syariah dunia. Untuk itu perlu akselerasi daya saing industri ekonomi syariah nasional. Diawali dengan menyiapkan anggaran yang significan untuk sosialisasi terhadap perangkat-perangkat pendukung yang membuat bangkit dan berkembangnya ekonomi syariah tersebut khususnya perbankan syariah. Diantaranya menyiapkan sumber daya manusia yang handal diperkirakan kedepan membutuhkan 200 ribu tenaga kerja baru untuk keuangan dan perbankan syariah, menyiapkan angggaran sosialisasi terhadap sekitar 85 % penduduk Indonesia yang beragama Islam ( 240 juta jiwa) calon pengguna dan pemanfaat industri keuangan perbankan syariah tanah air. Termasuk keseluruh pesantren di 33 propinsi Indonesia ( 25 ribu pesanteren), pada 3,7 juta santri dan sejumlah kelompok usaha mikro syariah dan BMT. Diharapkan nantinya menjadi penopang pembangunan nasional agar mampu membangun pondasi ekonomi yang kuat, regulasi, persaingan industri yang sehat, pelaku industri modern, teknologi tepat guna sehingga menopang efisiensi industri. Sehingga pada saatnya menjadikan Indonesia sebagai motor penggerak ekonomi syariah dunia melampaui Arab Saudi, Iran dan Malaysia. Sangat memungkinkan, karena saat ini juga perkembangan ekonomi syariah Indonesia terus tumbuh mencapai 40 % setiap tahun dibandingkan pertumbuhan ekonomi konvensional hanya 19 %. Bahkan saat ini Indonesiapun dapat disebut negara dengan industri keuangan syariah terbesar di dunia karena memiliki lebih 20 ribu buah koperasi syariah dan Balai Mandiri Syariah Terpadu.Kata kunci : Sentral Ekonomi Syariah, Akselerasi, SosialisasiAbstractIndonesian government as a driving force of national development. It is time to do the planning ahead to make Indonesia as the central hub of Islamic finance world. It is necessary to accelerate the competitiveness of the national industry of Islamic finance. Begins with setting up a budget that significan to disseminate the devices that make up and support the development of Islamic economics is particularly Islamic banking. Among prepare qualified human resources estimated future need 200 thousand new workers for the Islamic banking and finance, preparing budget socialization of around 85% of Indonesia's population is Muslim (240 million) of potential users and beneficiaries of Islamic Banking industry country. Including schools in 33 provinces throughout Indonesia (25 thousand pesanteren), at 3.7 million students and a number of Islamic micro business group and BMT. Expected later became the backbone of national development in order to be able to build a strong economic foundation, regulatory, industry competition is healthy, modern industry, appropriate technologies that support the efficiency of the industry. So that in time to make Indonesia as the Islamic world's economic powerhouse surpassed Saudi Arabia, Iran and Malaysia. It is possible, because today the development of Islamic finance Indonesia continues to grow at 40% per year compared to conventional economic growth is only 19%. Even today Indonesia to be called the country with the largest Islamic finance industry in the world because it has more than 20 thousand pieces and cooperative Islamic Syariah Mandiri Integrated Hall.Key words : Shari’a Economics Center, Accelerate, Sosialization
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Amro, Dana Khalid, Ahmad Sukkar, Moohammed Wasim Yahia und Mohammad Khaleel Abukeshek. „Evaluating the Cultural Sustainability of the Adaptive Reuse of Al-Nabulsi Traditional House into a Cultural Center in Irbid, Jordan“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 17 (02.09.2023): 13198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151713198.
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Adaptive reuse maintains cultural sustainability by adapting heritage buildings for new functions while retaining their original structure. The al-Nabulsi’s traditional courtyard house in Irbid, northern Jordan, represents the city’s dominant residential heritage building typology from the 1920s. It has been adapted and reused to preserve cultural sustainability by providing a visitor experience pertinent to the local tangible and intangible cultural heritage. This article evaluates the effect of the house’s adaptive reuse into a cultural visitor center on the local community’s cultural sustainability between 2018 and 2023 through the user experience. Through a review of the literature on cultural sustainability and adaptive reuse and deploying mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology of field observation, statistical analysis, and critical reflections on interviews and Google Travel’s reviews of the building, the research presents the project phases, resolutions, and challenges, contextualizing them in the modern debate on tangible and intangible heritage. The article used the Quintuple Helix Model as an analytical framework to explain the interactions between societal systems that directly and indirectly affect the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings revealed that in 2018, the center’s conservation and adaptation relatively enhanced the local community’s cultural sustainability and feeling of its identity. However, in 2023, further actions are needed to enhance the visitor experience and spread awareness of its significance. Enrichments in government, education, and civil society systems have been moderate, and further improvements in economic and environmental systems are essential to meet the potential goals of the SDGs. No research to date has evaluated the cultural sustainability of the adaptive reuse of this significant house/center, providing insights into a notable example of the conditions surrounding adaptive reuse in Jordan and Arab Middle Eastern countries.
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Khalidi, Raja. „Sixty years after the UN Partition Resolution: What Future for the Arab Economy in Israel??“ Journal of Palestine Studies 37, Nr. 2 (2008): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2008.37.2.6.
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Despite the expectations of economic theory, a century of Arab-Jewish economic interaction in Palestine has not led to the convergence that is supposed to result from exchange between a capital-rich economy and a labor-intensive one. After 60 years of failed integration, the Arab population in Israel has fallen to the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder. With the Palestinian ““regional economies”” in Israel and the occupied territories operating as part of the same Israeli economic regime, the challenge for Palestinian economic policy makers is to build on the new paradigm in shaping a national development strategy aimed at reconstructing Arab-Jewish economic relations on the principles of balanced cooperation embodied in the Economic Annex of the 1947 UN partition resolution.
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Santerre, Ariane. „Environmental Violence and Natural Symbolism in Chava Rosenfarb's The Tree of Life : An Ecocritical Approach to Holocaust Memory“. Environment, Space, Place 15, Nr. 2 (2023): 136–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/spc.2023.a910014.
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Abstract: Future prize-winning writer Chava Rosenfarb was seventeen years old when she was incarcerated in the Łódź ghetto. In 1972, she published The Tree of Life [Der boym fun lebn] (1972), a fictional chronicle of that experience of the Holocaust. In this three-volume epic novel, Rosenfarb narrates and interlaces the fates of ten Jewish families from pre-war Poland in 1939 to the liquidation of the ghetto in 1944. The "Tree of Life" is revealed to be the name given by the "ghettoniks" to an iconic cherry tree that stands in the shared backyard of a group of apartment complexes inhabited by many of the protagonists in the ghetto. Far from being an anecdotal presence, the cherry tree becomes the center of Rosenfarb's reflections on the impacts of the environment on one's physical and mental health. In this article, The Tree of Life is analyzed from an ecocritical perspective to examine the interconnections between genocidal intent and environmental precariousness. The first part considers the perpetration angle of the Łódź ghetto establishment as a Nazi tool of ecological violence through its excessive economic program of forced labour and its structural health determinants leading to epidemics. We will then investigate the characters' attempts to reconnect to nature through tangible acts of agency (the development of small gardens to grow one's own food) and symbolism (the cherry tree evoking the freedom of the outside world). The purpose of this article is to explore the links between genocide and ecocide within the framework of literary memory, while appreciating the relevance of Chava Rosenfarb's representations of the Holocaust to our era of renewed ecological awareness.
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Yiftachel, Oren. „INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ARAB-JEWISH ECONOMIC GAPS IN THE GALILEE REGION, ISRAEL1“. Professional Geographer 43, Nr. 2 (Mai 1991): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1991.00163.x.
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Alvakilli, Noha, und Yulia Sirota. „DEMOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ISRAEL MINORITIES“. Administrarea Publica, Nr. 2(114) (2022): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52327/1813-8489.2022.2(114).08.
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In this study, the author develops the idea that, in the last twenty years, in Israel, there is a significant gap in the infrastructure sector between the minority and the Jewish society. They affect the potential of Arab society for economic development, prompt local authorities to develop human and economic infrastructure that will integrate the Arab population into the Israeli economic fabric, including the contribution to the national product. The author aims to analyze the reasons and the main findings of these gaps. The author intends to help improve the situation
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Taufiqurrahman. „The Quranic Text Approach: A Review of Watt and Crone’s Theses on the Emergence of Islam“. Canonia Religia 1, Nr. 1 (05.08.2023): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/cr.v1i1.1377.
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Montgomery Watt and Patricia Crone are two figures who are concerned to examine the emergence of Islam in Mecca, whether the trigger is socio-economic, trade, or socio-political, power. Watt states that Mecca from the beginning, which was already a center of pilgrimage, in the next process became an important trading center, giving birth to master traders. In the process, these conditions gave rise to Islam there. Crone, on the other hand, says it was Arab nationalism that determined the development of Islam in Mecca and the Arabian peninsula.This research will re-examine the two theses by trying to reveal through the approach of the Qur'anic texts, because according to the author, the revelation of the Qur'anic text cannot be separated from the situation that occurred at that time. This means that the Qur'an is a response to the situation and conditions according to what happened in Mecca.In searching for existing texts, the author found evidence that Mecca, which developed international trade, had changed the attitudes and behavior of its citizens. In Mecca, the attitude of capitalistic materialism was widespread, so the verse that was revealed gave another warning to the citizens of Mecca to return to the true religion, by conducting relationships with God and building harmony with others in accordance with ethical morality. So Watt's thesis is closer to the truth that it was the trade factor that triggered the emergence of Islam. Unlike Watt, Crone's opinion, according to the author, is not in accordance with the text of the Qur'an. In Mecca there is no text that talks about political power, because Islam is still weak with few followers. Texts related to power only appeared after the hijrah, where it was needed to protect and defend the state of Medina from outside attacks, or even to expand power because of welfare needs, where financial resources were not found in Medina. However, the two opinions can be synergized and one synthesis, that the Mecca factor is indeed very strong as a trigger for the emergence of Islam, of course through trade and through the hands of Mecca residents who were honorable from the beginning and had relations with nations outside the peninsula
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Campos, Michelle U. „Between Others and Brothers“. International Journal of Middle East Studies 46, Nr. 3 (18.07.2014): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743814000622.
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Some fifteen years ago, the Israel Museum exhibition “To the East: Orientalism in the Arts in Israel” featured a photograph by the Israeli artist Meir Gal entitled “Nine Out of Four Hundred: The West and the Rest.” At the center of the photograph was Gal, holding the nine pages that dealt with the history of Jews in the Middle East in a textbook of Jewish history used in Israel's education system. As Gal viscerally argued, “these books helped establish a consciousness that the history of the Jewish people took place in Eastern Europe and that Mizrahim have no history worthy of remembering.” More damningly, he wrote that “the advent of Zionism and the establishment of the Israeli State drove a wedge between Mizrahim and their origins, and replaced their Jewish-Arab identity with a new Israeli identity based on European ideals as well as hatred of the Arab world.”
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De Vries, David. „Capitalist nationalism and Zionist state-building, 1920s-1950s: Chocolate and diamonds in Mandate Palestine and Israel“. Journal of Modern European History 18, Nr. 1 (19.12.2019): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894419894473.
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The nationalism of business is a crucial issue in the history of British-ruled Palestine (1917-1947) and post-1948 Israel. The importation of Jewish private capital into Palestine was a key factor in shaping the economic development of the Zionist settler project, and in creating an advantage over the Arab community. The Zionism of the Jewish firms was an essential aspect of the political consensus in the Jewish polity and its state-building aspirations. Moreover, the participation of companies in World War II, the war of 1948, and in the establishment of Israel was an essential resource that was mobilized for the Zionist economic expansion and triggered the absorption of Holocaust survivors and Jewish immigrants from Arab and North African countries. These national expressions of private firms harbour a complexity. They illustrate political and cultural beliefs, and an active affiliation to a national movement. At the same time, they are instrumental in the sense that firms benefitted materially and culturally from this association. Furthermore—and particularly relevant to states that have emerged from a colonial past—these practices do not evolve only from the businesses themselves but also from the impact of statist structures on the nationalism of firms. These aspects are discussed through the prism of chocolate manufacturing and the diamond-cutting industry.
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Shoham, Hizky. „“BUY LOCAL” OR “BUY JEWISH”? SEPARATIST CONSUMPTION IN INTERWAR PALESTINE“. International Journal of Middle East Studies 45, Nr. 3 (30.07.2013): 469–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743813000433.
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AbstractThe article explores the Zionist cultural economy in interwar Palestine, by studying the emergence of the field of consumption as an arena for political struggles among Jews and between Jews and Arabs. The Jewish nationalist movement employed dominant contemporary assumptions about economic nationalism in attempts to politicize the economy of British Palestine, including through campaigns advocating ethnonational separatism in consumption. Unlike other “buy local” movements around the world, these were not directed solely against imports; rather, they were often “buy Jewish” campaigns waged against the consumption of commodities produced by the rival ethnonational sector in Palestine. Using a variety of archival and media sources, the article tracks the development of Jewish separatist consumption campaigns in interwar Palestine, uncovering a gradual amplification of their ethnonational emphasis that paralleled the escalation of the Arab–Jewish conflict. The cultural mechanisms used to attribute ethnic qualities to objects and define them as either “Jewish” or “foreign” are analyzed with particular attention to the conceptual contradictions in the definitions of a Jewish product, which were shaped by economic conflicts and the diverse political conceptions of Jewish identity. The study of separatist consumption sheds new light on the “dual society” thesis, revealing the deep grip of separatist approaches across multiple layers of the Jewish middle class in the Yishuv.
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Masalha, Bushra, Shiri Ben-David, Fortu Benarroch und Amichai Ben-ari. „Intercultural Differences in the Development of Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress (PMTS) in Children Following Surgical Hospitalization“. Children 9, Nr. 4 (07.04.2022): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9040526.
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Background: Illness, surgery and surgical hospitalization are significant stressors for children. Some children who experience such a medical event may develop Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress (PMTS). PMTS affects physical recovery, and many areas and functions in children’s lives, both short- and long-term. The aim of the study is to examine the difference in the rate of PMTS between the Arab and Jewish populations and the difference in risk factors for the development of this syndrome. Method: The study involved 252 parents of children aged 1–6 who were hospitalized in the surgical ward of Hadassah Medical Center. During hospitalization, parents completed questionnaires to identify risk factors for the development of PMTS. At 3 months from the time of discharge, the children’s level of PMTS was measured. Results: The rate of children diagnosed with PMTS among Arab children was significantly higher than the rate in the Jewish population. The affiliation to an ethnic group affected different socioeconomic, demographic, social, linguistic and cultural background variables, which in turn affected the emergence of PMTS. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the nature of PMTS at the intercultural level, which can be an important source for theoretically understanding both the disorder and culture, as well as for clinical implications in developing population-sensitive treatment.
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Diala Abu-Oksa, Eid. „The Arab Educational System in Israel: Challenges and Changes“. Studia Edukacyjne, Nr. 56 (15.03.2020): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/se.2020.56.24.
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Diala Abu-Oksa Eid, The Arab Educational System in Israel: Challenges and Changes [Arabski system szkolnictwa w Izraelu – wyzwania i zmiany]. Studia Edukacyjne nr 56, 2020, Poznań 2020, pp. 435-448. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 1233-6688. DOI: 10.14746/se.2020.56.24While the Arab minority in Israel has suffered greatly from war events and political definition of the state, its education system has experienced rapid development since the state’s establishment until today. The partial improvement in the level of education of Arab children and youth is evident in qualitative and quantitative indices, as well as in the level of infrastructure of the Arab education system. Nevertheless, socio-economic gaps between Arab and Jewish children and youth continue to exist, and it is apparent that the rate of improvement does not keep pace with the growing needs of Arab society in the field of education. In the last decade, the government has adopted a series of five-year plans for the socio-economic development of Arab minority. However, there is a significant gap between Arab education and Hebrew education in important indicators, such as financial investment per pupil, infrastructure (buildings and classrooms), educational frameworks outside the school hours, and the rate of entitlement to matriculation.At the beginning of the eighth decade of the State of Israel, the real challenge of the Arab education system in Israel is not necessarily quantitative, but qualitative. The more formal and informal educational programs in the Arab educational system will be adapted to the culture of the children and youth integrated into it, the more Arab society will be able to realize its human potential.
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Hasanov, Elnur Latif oglu. „Research of Historic-Cultural Heritage of Medieval Ganja Based on Information about the Nizami Ganjavi Family“. PRÁVNĚHISTORICKÉ STUDIE 54, Nr. 1 (29.04.2024): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2024.3.
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Historic-archaeological, also ethnographic studies and numerous historical sources and scientific data confirm that the city of Ganja has moved at least five times since its foundation. The original city of Ganja is considered to be the area near the village of Gadamish, five kilometers from the village of Zurnabad, on the left bank of Ganjachay, which is popularly called the “Fortress place”. As a result of the earthquake in 427 and the wars between the Huns and the Sassanids, the ancient city of Ganja was destroyed and the city was established for the second time 8–9 versts from Gizil Gaya, 9–10 km north of Gizil Gaya. The present city of Ganja. In the VII century the city was destroyed by Arab invaders. Ganja, which moved for the third time, was established in the region called “City cape”, which is located in the territory of the present Samuh district. The city of Ganja, which was destroyed by a natural disaster, was built between the VII and XVII centuries in the region called the Shikh plain, the devastated land where the current Imamzadeh historical-architectural complex is located. It has existed for the fourth time in centuries. For the fifth time, the city of Ganja was built by Shah Abbas I in the XVII century on the territory of the current Ganja fortress. It is clear that, historical-literary heritage of Ganja city also belongings to such thinkers of Azerbaijan as Nizami Ganjavi, Mahsati Ganjavi, Mirza Shafi Vazeh and other scientists, poets, philosophers. During centuries in this city lived such famous persons, thinkers as Nizami Ganjavi, Mahsati Ganjavi, Siti Ganjavi, Raziya Ganjavi, Mirza Shafi Vazeh and others. Nizami Ganjavi influenced the expansion and defense of the ideology of akhilik with his works. After going through the difficult and turbulent moments of his youth, gaining experience and enlightenment raised him to the rank of Sheikh. In this research work on the basis of historical and written scientific sources, archival documents have been studied the features of development of science and education of the Renaissance period in Ganja city of Azerbaijan. In scientific work were also studied the teaching of social, humanitarian and natural sciences in Ganja during this historical period, the services of prominent scientists, thinkers and teachers of that period, who worked in madrasa and used rich libraries. In particular, given the importance of the city as a socio-political, economic, scientific and cultural center in the Middle Ages. By the way, during this historical period Ganja as an important political and cultural center was visited by famous scholars of the Muslim East, as well as important historical information about their teaching and scientific activities have been studied for many years. In scientific article on the basis of available scientific sources, historical documents, written sources, are considered the merits and patronage of the Azerbaijani state of Atabeys, which played an exceptional role in the development of the traditions of our national statehood, in the formation of prominent figures in science and culture. Also in this study, based on historical and ethnographic sources, have been determined the significance of the scientific, literary and cultural development of Ganja in the revival of the characteristic features of the Renaissance period not only of the country, but also in the development of the Islamic world as a whole. It also examines the propaganda in the works of the predecessors and successors of Sheikh Nizami, along with national traditions, universal human values and calls for a culture of coexistence.
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Dessouki, Ali E. Hillal. „The whirlwind in the Arab nation, 2014–15: from regime change to state collapse“. Contemporary Arab Affairs 8, Nr. 3 (01.07.2015): 295–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2015.1057426.
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This article is based on the executive summary of a book in the Arabic language, The State of the Arab Nation 2014–2015, edited by Ali E.Hillal Dessouki and published by the Center for Arab Unity Studies. The book analyzes events in the Arab region from 2014 to the first part of 2015. The chapters examine the international order, the Arab regional system, and domestic conditions in the Arab states and neighbouring countries, such as Turkey and Iran. There is also particular focus on the countries of the Arab Spring and the remaining Arab countries, as well as the outlook for the youth in Arab countries and their role in future. Other chapters consider economic developments and their link to political developments and issues relating to science, technology and digital technologies. The final chapters cover the major political hotspots in the region, namely Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen. The conclusion points to the main challenges facing the Arab nation in 2015.
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Dakwar, Jamil. „People without Borders for Borders without People: Land, Demography, and Peacemaking under Security Council Resolution 242“. Journal of Palestine Studies 37, Nr. 1 (2007): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2007.37.1.62.
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UN Security Council Resolution 242, drafted to deal with the consequences of the 1967 war, left the outstanding issues of 1948 unresolved. For the first time, new Israeli conflict-resolution proposals that are in principle based on 242 directly involve Palestinian citizens of Israel. This essay explores these proposals, which reflect Israel's preoccupation with maintaining a significant Jewish majority and center on population and territorial exchanges between Israeli settlements in the West Bank and heavily populated Arab areas inside the green line. After tracing the genesis of the proposals, the essay assesses them from the standpoint of international law.
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Yiftachel, O., und H. Law Yone. „Regional Policy and Minority Attitudes in Israel“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, Nr. 8 (August 1995): 1281–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271281.
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In this paper a relatively underresearched aspect of Israel's planning policies in the Galilee region is examined: The attitudes of the local Arab population towards these policies. Israel's policies are initially reviewed, with particular attention to their spatial, economic, and procedural elements. Then a report is given on an attitudinal survey conducted in 1990 among 137 Arab councillors in the Upper Galilee region. Examination of Arab attitudes towards each of the three policy elements mentioned above, shows that these attitudes are clearly influenced by the changing milieu in which the Arabs live, where Israel's policies and their spatial consequences play a key role. Further statistical analysis shows that Arab attitudes are most significantly associated with the following consequences of Israel's policies in the region: The extent of land loss, proximity to new Jewish settlements, and exposure to a high level of combined control measures exercised by Israeli authorities. Overall, the survey shows that Arab attitudes in the Galilee are characterised by parallel strands of frustration (due mainly to a sense of deprivation), dissatisfaction, and determination, although a measure of pragmatism is also evident. The emotional and factual bases of Arab attitudes point to a likelihood of increasing levels of conflict between Galilee Arabs and Israeli authorities, if future policies fail to address interethnic gaps in the region.
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Al Garoo, Asmahan. „Rise and fall of Maritime Hubs in Pre-Islamic Arabia“. Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 8, Nr. 3 (16.02.2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol8iss3pp57-69.
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Since prehistoric times, the geography of the Arabian Peninsula had a great impact on the growth and development of centers of civilization and maritime hubs. Indeed, starting from the third millennium BC, a number of urban centers of civilization have emerged in the Arab region such as Mesopotamia, Magān (old name of Oman), Dilmun (Bahrain), Pharaonic Egypt, Phoenicia, the Nabataeans, and the ancient South Arabia (Yemen) where such centers reached a high level of development and growth. Arab trade reached a peak in the 1st millennium BC due to the commerce of frankincense and myrrh. The Arabs, who had mastered sea navigation through geographical and astronomical knowledge and had a great experience of maritime routes as well as the secrets of the monsoon and boat industry, dominated the vast eastern trade. During the fourth century AD, the world began to see signs of serious conflicts with religious dimensions and huge political and economic consequences. Furthermore, the lucrative Arab trade of incense lost its importance because of the demise of paganism in the Middle East and Europe. With the emergence of Islam, the Arabs regained their lost maritime domination in the Indian Ocean.
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Al Garoo, Asmahan. „Rise and fall of Maritime Hubs in Pre-Islamic Arabia“. Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 8, Nr. 3 (16.02.2018): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53542/jass.v8i3.2456.
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Since prehistoric times, the geography of the Arabian Peninsula had a great impact on the growth and development of centers of civilization and maritime hubs. Indeed, starting from the third millennium BC, a number of urban centers of civilization have emerged in the Arab region such as Mesopotamia, Magān (old name of Oman), Dilmun (Bahrain), Pharaonic Egypt, Phoenicia, the Nabataeans, and the ancient South Arabia (Yemen) where such centers reached a high level of development and growth. Arab trade reached a peak in the 1st millennium BC due to the commerce of frankincense and myrrh. The Arabs, who had mastered sea navigation through geographical and astronomical knowledge and had a great experience of maritime routes as well as the secrets of the monsoon and boat industry, dominated the vast eastern trade. During the fourth century AD, the world began to see signs of serious conflicts with religious dimensions and huge political and economic consequences. Furthermore, the lucrative Arab trade of incense lost its importance because of the demise of paganism in the Middle East and Europe. With the emergence of Islam, the Arabs regained their lost maritime domination in the Indian Ocean.
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Yiftachel, Oren. „Ethnocratic Policies and Indigenous Resistance: Bedounin Arabs and the Israeli Settler State“. Holy Land Studies 1, Nr. 2 (März 2003): 161–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2003.0002.
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This article examines the evolving relations between Israel and the indigenous Bedouin Arab population of the southern Beer-Sheba region. It begins with a discussion of theoretical aspects, highlighting a structural conflict embedded in the ‘ethnocratic’ nature of nation-building typical of ‘pure’ settler states, such as Israel. The place of the Bedouin Arab community is then analyzed, focusing on the impact of one of Israel's central policies—the Judaization of territory. The study traces the various legal, planning and economic strategies of Judaizing contested lands in the study area. These have included the nationalization of Arab land, the pervasive establishment of Jewish settlements, the forced urbanization of the Bedouin Arabs, and the denial of basic services to Bedouins who refuse to urbanize. However, the analysis also finds a growing awareness among indigenous Arabs of their being discriminated against on ethnic grounds, and the emergence of effective resistance. In recent years, this has resulted in a deadlock between state authorities and the indigenous peoples. The case of the Bedouin Arabs demonstrates that the ethnocentric settler state is weakening and fragmenting, partially at least, due to its own expansionist land, planning and development policies.
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Tamari, Salim, und Rema Hammami. „Virtual Returns to Jaffa“. Journal of Palestine Studies 27, Nr. 4 (1998): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2538131.
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The city of Jaffa was the most important commercial and cultural center of Arab Palestine before the 1948 war. At the end of April of that year, the city was captured by the combined Jewish forces of the Haganah, Irgun, and Lehi. Except for several thousand people, its 70,000 inhabitants fled during the fighting or were expelled and were never allowed to return to their homes. The following pieces were selected from a series of electronic memoirs/reflections initiated by Salim Tamari in 1995 and exchanged by a group of twelve Jaffa exiles living across the globe. The correspondence was later taken over by two young academics living in Jaffa, Andre Mazawi and Haytham Sawalhi, and transformed into a Web page on the city of Jaffa (http://www.yafa.org).
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Levine, Mark. „DEBORAH S. BERNSTEIN, Constructing Boundaries: Jewish and Arab Workers in Mandatory Palestine, Israel Studies Series (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000). Pp. 293. $71.50 cloth, $23.95 paper.“ International Journal of Middle East Studies 34, Nr. 1 (Februar 2002): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743802281064.
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Constructing Boundaries is the latest entry in a growing body of revisionist scholarship on the history and political economy of Palestine under the British, contesting the once cherished notion that the Jewish and Palestinian communities of Palestine/Israel were best investigated and understood as isolated and autonomously developing entities. By focusing on one urban setting—Haifa, which during the Mandate period become Palestine's most important port and industrial center—this work provides new insight into how the industrial economy of Palestine shaped, and in turn was shaped by, the conflictual interaction of the two communities.
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Blyzniak, Mykola B. „The Regulation of Economic Activities of the Jewish Community in Volyn in the 18th century (the Case of 1759 from Liubarʼs Parish Register)“. Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 2, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26190106.
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The article aims to determine the role and importance of the regulation of economic activities of the Jewish communities in Volynʼs towns using the case of a private magnate town Liubar. The article uses the following scientific methods: historical and comparative methods, analogy, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. Findings: the article discusses the issue of the regulation of economic activities of the Jewish communities, which are one of the largest non-indigenous enterprising minorities in Volyn. By the mid-18th century, Volyn had been recovering from the crisis. Ukrainians in towns and cities worked largely in agriculture. Most settlements in Volyn province were private towns and cities, and only few had royal or church ownership. Though these urban centers were cultural hubs and furthered major aspects of civilizationʼs development, the owners (dukes, magnates, nobles) viewed them first of all as the means to enrich themselves (rent, fairs, auctions, propination). Owned by Franciszek Ferdynand Lubomirski, Liubar was one of such cities. Since it was subject to inheritance and had urban centers, special consideration and appropriate “policy” regarding the citizens and their participation in the cityʼs economy had to take place. Thus, Liubarʼs Jews received a regulatory order. The aristocratʼs status did not allow working in trade directly. In these conditions, Jews took a leading role; they were one of the numerous communities, the demographic figures of which showed growth throughout the entire studied period. According to the 18th century sources, Liubarʼs administration gave the Jews all economic spheres: trade, usury, various crafts and trades. The clear regulation of taxes for particular activities became one of the most important regulatory elements of the city life of the Jews in Kremenets district. Using the excuse of fiscal aspects, the magnate tried to control everyday life of Jews as well (family ties, education, etc.). The 1759 Tax Register of Liubar tells about the important structural elements of commodity-money relations and their correlation. Merchants, furriers, and beekeepers who collected wax paid the highest taxes. Similar regulation in the form of a “register” was tested in Mezhyrich (Korets), which was another Volyn city that belonged to Lubomirski family. The attempt of the Jewish community in Liubar to solve its economic problems by leaving the regulation framework was met with harsh opposition from Lubomirski. Thus, all economic development in Volyn cities was under control of the administration. Practical value: the published findings of the research have regional value but can also complement certain economic aspects of the history of the cities in Right-bank Ukraine, including taxation as well as city life problems in Volyn and legal relations between a magnate and Jewish community. The uniqueness of the article is in the comparison of particular examples and in the analysis of figures representing the amounts of taxes paid by the Jewish community of Liubar. Scientific novelty: the interpretation and publication of a regulatory document as a source was made for the first time. It described the urban centers in Volyn in the mid-18th century from regulatory perspective, which would allow better understanding and complementing of the financial conditions and opportunities of the Jews in the region and the owners of the cities. Type of article: descriptive.
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Dolgov, Boris V. „The Islamist Challenge in the Greater Mediterranean“. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 21, Nr. 4 (27.12.2021): 655–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-4-655-670.
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The article examines and analyzes the spread of Islamism or Political Islam movements in the Greater Mediterranean and their increasing influence on the socio-political situation in 2011-2021. The historical factors, which contributed to the emergence of the hearths of Islamic culture in the countries which entered the Arab Caliphate in the Greater Mediterranean parallel with the Antique centers of European civilization, are retrospectively exposed. The Islamist ideologues called the Ottoman Imperia the heir of the Arab Caliphate. The main doctrinal conceptions of Political Islam and its more influential movement Muslim Brotherhood (forbidden in Russia) are discovered. The factor of the Arab Spring, which considerably influenced the strengthening of the Islamist movements, as well as its continuation of the protests in the Arab countries in 2018-2021, is examined. The main attention is allotted to analyzing the actions of the Islamic movements in Tunisia, Egypt, Algeria, and in the Libyan and Syrian conflicts too. The influence of external actors, the most active of which was Turkey, is revealed. The author also analyzes the situation in the Arab-Muslim communities in the European Mediterranean on the example of France, where social-economic problems, aggravated by COVID-19, have contributed to the activation of radical Islamist elements. It is concluded that confronting the Islamist challenge is a complex and controversial task. Its solution depends on both forceful opposition to radical groups and an appropriate foreign policy. An important negative factor is the aggravation of socio-economic problems and crisis phenomena in the institutions of Western democracy, in response to which the ideologues of Islamism preach an alternative world order in the form of an Islamic state. At the moment the Western society and the countries which repeat its liberal model do not give a distinct response to this challenge.
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Abdullayev, Hasan P. „Between Peace and Conflict: The Middle East After the Abraham Accords“. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 24, Nr. 1 (15.03.2024): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2024-24-1-40-50.
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In 2020, four Arab states - Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Sudan and Morocco - took their first steps toward normalizing relations with Israel with the active US support. This research is an attempt to identify the main incentives which made the Arab states act the way they did, as well as to analyze the situation of the Palestinians amidst the strengthening of relations between Israel and the Arab world. The author also examines how the conflict between Israel and Hamas, which began on October 7, 2023, has affected the established diplomatic, economic, and military ties between the Jewish state and the Arab countries which signed the Abraham Accords. The study concludes that one of the main incentives for Arab states to normalize relations with Israel is the desire to deepen military and technical cooperation with the U.S. At the same time, it would be far-fetched to consider the normalization of relations between the four states and Israel as a step toward regional stabilization, given the reaction of the Palestinians and other Middle Eastern states to the agreements embraced. The reaction reflects the failure to find a common approach to the Middle East peace process as well as the fact that there is no region-widely shared view on shaping a new regional architecture. In this context, it is worth highlighting the situation of the Palestinians, for whom these agreements were a stab in the back and created unfavorable conditions for the establishment of a full-fledged state of Palestine. The study also emphasizes that the future of the “Abraham Accords” and the possibility of their expansion will depend on the development of the conflict between Israel and Hamas, as well as on the readiness of the parties to reach a long-term peaceful settlement. The continuation of the conflict in Gaza would seriously undermine Israel’s image in the Arab world and would certainly undermine the fundamental principles of the Abraham Accords, which would diminish the importance of these agreements. This study offers a valuable perspective on the complex and dynamic relationships in the Middle East region and contributes to understanding the motives and consequences of recent geopolitical changes.
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Khezri, Haidar. „Kurds, Jews, and Kurdistani Jews: Historic Homelands, Perceptions of Parallels in Persecution, and Allies by Analogy“. Religions 13, Nr. 3 (17.03.2022): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13030253.
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This article highlights the positive relations between the Jewish and the Kurdish nations, maintained mainly by Kurdistani Jews until their displacement to Israel in the mid-20th century. These positive relations have been transmitted through their oral traditions, documented by both communities and travelers to Kurdistan, and validated by several scholars who studied the Jews of the region, Kurdistan, and Jewish-Kurdish relations. The dearth of historical documentation of both societies has resulted in a ‘negative myth’ used by the enemies of the Kurds and the Jews to dehumanize them before the 20th century, and therefore delegitimizing their right to statehood in modern times. From the 16th century onward, there is more solid evidence about the Kurdistani Jews and their relations with Kurdish neighbors. There are considerable and certain parallels between the two nations in terms of their oral traditions as well as linguistic and literary practices. The historical ties between the Jews and their neighbors in Kurdistan formed a fruitful ground for the relations between the Jewish people of Israel and the Kurds since 1948. Despite the exodus of almost the entire Kurdistani Jewish population to the State of Israel, Kurdistani Jews have largely retained their identity, culture, and traditions and have effectively influenced Israel’s policy towards the Kurds. The often-secret relations between the Kurdish movement in Iraq and Israel since 1960 played an important role in the global security policy of the Jewish nation in the Middle East, and in effect served to keep Baghdad from becoming involved in the Arab-Israeli conflict on one hand, and allowed the Kurdish liberation movement in Southern/Iraqi Kurdistan to survive on the other. These ties were reinforced by the sense of a common fate and struggle for statehood, persecution and genocides, feeling of solidarity, mutual strategic interests, humanitarian and economic dimensions, in post-1988 Halabja Massacre, the operation of the US led coalition against Iraq in 1991, and 2003 Invasion of Iraq. Since the Arab Spring, the military interventions against the self-proclaimed caliphate, Islamic State (IS), and the referendum for an independent Kurdish state in northern Iraq in 2017, this relationship allegedly has extended to include the relationships between Israel and the Kurds in Western/Syrian and Eastern/Iranian Kurdistan as well. Notably, Israel was the only state that publicly supported the creation of an independent Kurdish state. With all the development the Kurdish question has paved in the 21st century, the article concludes that the majority of the Kurds of the 21st century can be described as a ‘pariah people’ in Max Weber’s definition and meditation of the term and Hannah Arendt’s ‘rightless’, who ‘no longer belong to any community’, while describing the different aspects of the political, economic, and cultural calamity of Jews, refugees, and stateless people at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Irishin, G. „Events in North Africa and Middle East: International Factors“. World Economy and International Relations, Nr. 6 (2012): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-6-102-116.
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This publication presents regular materials of the scientific workshop "Modern Development Problems", which is held in the Center for Development and Modernization Studies of IMEMO RAN. The discussants analyzed changes that had taken place in the region and certain countries over the February to November 2011 period, as well as the inner dynamics of events. Special focus was on their external factors – the role of the West in whole, of France, Great Britain, NATO, the League of Arab States, Turkey.
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Irishin, G. „Events in North Africa and Middle East: International Factors (the end)“. World Economy and International Relations, Nr. 7 (2012): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-7-107-121.
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This publication presents the regular materials of the scientific workshop "Modern Development Problems", which is held in the Center for Development and Modernization Studies of IMEMO RAN. The discussants analyzed changes that have taken place in the region and certain countries over the February to November 2011 period, as well as the inner dynamics of events. Special focus was on their external factors – the role of the West in whole, of France, Great Britain, NATO, the League of Arab States, Turkey.
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Sekkat, Ymane. „SS12-03 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CRAFT PRODUCTION SECTOR“. Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (01.07.2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0108.
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Abstract Introduction Heritage of a glorious Berber, Arab and Jewish multi-civilizational cultural past, art and utility production crafts is also an important part of the economic sector. Method Craftsmanship provides a range of very varied products of artistic or utilitarian value. Art production craftsmanship is considered to be any activity which tends to the manufacture of products or the transformation of raw materials into products, and which are distinguished by their original artistic, creative and heritage character, at decorative or aesthetic purposes. Utilitarian production craftsmanship is considered to be any activity which tends to the manufacture of products or the transformation of raw materials into finished or semi-finished products, for utilitarian purposes by taking advantage of its use. Results The arts and crafts professions are classified into five groups depending on the product and its basic raw material: wood, metal, earth, leather, textiles. Moroccan crafts contribute to the promotion and enhancement of the country's cultural and artistic heritage as well as to economic development since it produces around 10% of the national GDP, employing around 1.5 million people and ensures the income of almost 1/5th of the population. Moroccan craft exports reached their first billion in 2022, recording an increased rate of 12% compared to 2021, and thus confirming the upward trend. Conclusion The government strategy for the development of crafts 2021-2030 aims to create modernized crafts that create value, are competitive and structured. Modernization efforts have been undertaken, however interrelated problems persist and hinder its development, particularly concerning the organization of work and human resources.
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Kosach, G. „Saudi Arabia and Israel: the Palestinian Context“. World Economy and International Relations 65, Nr. 1 (2021): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-1-61-69.
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The article examines the issues related to the change in the Saudi Arabia’s policy towards Israel in the context of Riyadh’s approaches to solving the Palestinian problem. The author emphasizes that the positive dynamics taking place in the evolution of Saudi-Israeli interaction in recent years is determined by the intra-Saudi socio-economic and political transformation, including changes in public opinion regarding Israel, as well as significant shifts in the development of the Middle East regional situation, inter alia those proclaimed by the United Arab Emirates (as well as Bahrain) heading towards a settlement with Israel. At the same time, the emergence of a tendency to support the course towards normalizing relations with Israel in the context of the current Saudi internal political situation also marked a public demarcation in relation to initiatives to support the Crown Prince. If his supporters act, among other things, as supporters of normalization, then opponents see contacts with the Jewish state as “a betrayal of Arab national interests”. Noting that the current Saudi-Israeli rapprochement is largely determined by a joint interest in confronting Iran, the author, nevertheless, sees the most important reason for the continuing Saudi unwillingness to normalize relations with the Jewish state in the unresolved Palestinian problem on the basis of the “two states” principle. At the same time, the author believes that this principle itself is an instrument of Saudi foreign policy, thanks to which Riyadh seeks to exclude the possibility of Israeli hegemony in the future post-confrontational Middle East. This means, in particular, that the achievement of mutual understanding will become a reality only if the Israeli regional policy is adjusted so as not to pose a threat to Saudi interests.