Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Centennial Flame Research Award“

The present study was carried out during 2018–22 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to identify the appropriate ovule age (days after pollination-DAP) to rescue the in ovulo embryo after pollination in various seedless grape (Vitis vinifera L.) genotypes and their cross combinations. The research revealed that in in vitro ovule culture establishment, ovule maturity, and in ovulo embryo germination increased significantly from 18–33 DAP ovule age and declined thereafter from 33–43 DAP. The highest ovule culture establishment (85.17%), ovule maturity (71.38%), and in ovulo embryo germination (25.54%) and ovule growth (2.02 mm2) were consistently observed at 33 DAP ovule age in most of the grape genotypes and cross combinations. The time required for embryo germination was notably reduced at 33 DAP (105.24 days). The optimal ovule age for embryo rescue varied among different grape genotypes. It was noticed that 23 DAP ovule age is ideal for Centennial Seedless; 28 DAP for cross combination, Beauty Seedless × Pusa Urvashi; and 33 DAP for genotypes like Perlette, Beauty Seedless, Pusa Urvashi, Pusa Trishar, Pusa Aditi, Flame Seedless; and cross combination like Pusa Aditi × Beauty Seedless, Pearl of Csaba × Beauty Seedless, Pusa Urvashi × Perlette and Pusa Trishar × Perlette; and 38 DAP for Pusa Swarnika for maximum in ovulo embryo rescue and germination recovery under sub-tropics.

Global warming will significantly affect grapevine growth and development. To analyze the effects of high temperature on the leaf tissue structure of grapevines in the field, 19 representative cultivars were selected from the grapevine germplasm resources garden in Turpan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, XAAS. Twelve tissue structure indexes of grapevine leaves, including the thickness of the upper epidermis (TUE), the thickness of palisade tissue (TPT), leaf vein (LV), the thickness of spongy tissue (TST), the thickness of the lower epidermis (TLE), stoma (St), guard cell (GC), cuticle (Cu), leaf tissue compactness (CTR) and leaf tissue porosity (SR), were measured during the natural high-temperature period in Turpan. The results showed significant differences in the leaf tissue structure of the 19 grapevine cultivars under natural high temperature. Based on the comprehensive comparative analysis of the leaf phenotype in the field, we identified that the leaves of some cultivars, including ‘Zaoxia Wuhe’, ‘Centennial Seedless’ and ‘Kyoho’ showed strong heat tolerance, whereas grapevine cultivars ‘Golden Finger’, ‘Shine Muscat’, ‘Flame Seedless’, ‘Bixiang Wuhe’ and ‘Thompson Seedless’ showed sensitivity to high temperature. We further evaluated the heat tolerance of different grapevine cultivars by principal component analysis and the optimal segmentation clustering of ordered samples. These findings provide a theoretical basis for adopting appropriate cultivation management measures to reduce the effect of high temperatures and offer fundamental knowledge for future breeding strategies for heat-tolerant grapevine varieties.

In October 2017 and early 2018, the #MeToo and #Time’sUp movements generated some remarkable ‘big noise’ inside and outside social networks, as a way to stand up against the abuses by men in several domains for the millions of women who suffered them in their everyday lives, all over the world. It started like a spark, with Hollywood celebrities applauding in an unforgettable night, the 2018 Golden Globes Award ceremony, and it soon spread like a flame that became a worldwide torch. During the IAMCR 2018 and 2019 conferences in Eugene, Oregon, and Madrid, Spain (respectively), I was able to put together respective panels that focused on the effect that the #MeToo and #Time’s Up movements have had in different areas the world. Thanks to the research and valuable contribution of the participants in each of those panels, I am now able to present this special journal issue with articles from fellow academics and experts that will provide a clear panorama of the #MeToo and #Time’s Up movements in regions of the world as different as Spain, Sweden, South Korea, Brazil, France, Russia, Japan and the United States. This is the result of that collaboration, which we hope you will enjoy.

The 14th IUPAC International Symposium on Organometallic Chemistry Directed Towards Organic Synthesis (OMCOS-14) was held in Nara, Japan, 2-6 August 2007, under the auspices of IUPAC, and with cosponsorship of the Science Council of Japan and the Chemical Society of Japan. OMCOS-14 was held at Nara Centennial Hall, surrounded by National Treasures including eight World Heritage assets.This symposium is a continuation of the successful series of OMCOS meetings, previously held at Geneva (2005), Toronto (2003), Taipei (2001), Versailles (1999), Göttingen (1997), Santa Barbara (1995), Kobe (1993), Utrecht (1991), Florence (1989), Vancouver (1987), Kyoto (1985), Dijon (1983), and Fort Collins (1981). The event once again brought together industrial and academic chemists from all over the world to discuss the latest advances in new metal-mediated and -catalyzed reactions, mechanistic insights into important reactions, new preparations and applications of organometallic reagents, as well as ingenious methods for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials using metals.Almost 1000 participants attended from 34 countries, one-third of them from abroad. Particularly strong representation from Asian countries such as China, Taiwan, and Korea underscores the remarkable growth of interest and development in organometallic research in these countries.The scientific program of OMCOS-14 featured 6 plenary lectures, 20 invited lectures, 28 short oral presentations, and one OMCOS Award lecture. The lectures were uniformly outstanding and held the attention of an audience fascinated by the excellent chemistry. One sensed that the warmth of the weather was matched by the warm enthusiasm that prevailed at the venue throughout the meeting. Themes that attracted attention included metal-catalyzed direct functionalization of alkenes, alkynes, and arenes, environmentally benign processes and gold-catalyzed reactions. In a particular highlight, Prof. F. Dean Toste from the University of California, Berkeley received the OMCOS-14 Award (sponsored by the Yen Chuang Foundation and Springer Verlag) for his glorious research on gold-catalyzed reactions.The scientific program also presented well-supported poster sessions comprising 546 posters of remarkably high quality. On the basis of assessments by distinguished juries, 27 posters were selected for awards of OMCOS-14 Poster Prizes, two of which included free registration for students to participate in the 23rd International Conference on Organometallic Chemistry (ICOMC-2008, co-chaired by Profs. Dixneuf and Bruneau at Rennes, France, 13ñ18 July 2008).This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry comprises a collection of 40 papers based upon lectures delivered at OMCOS-14. It therefore offers readers an enduring and representative record of the great achievements announced during the symposium. The series continues with OMCOS-15, which will be held in Glasgow, UK (<http://www.omcos15.com/>), 26-30 July 2009, under the chairmanship of Prof. Pavel Kočovský.Koichiro OshimaConference Chairman

Aqueous electrolytes offer significant advantages over their organic counterparts, particularly for large-scale applications that prioritize non-flammability, scalability, and sustainability. However, the narrow electrochemical stability window of water imposes voltage limitations, resulting in low energy densities of aqueous batteries. Highly concentrated electrolytes have enabled high-voltage, mostly intercalation-type, aqueous battery chemistries, and over the past decade many additives, coatings, and highly soluble salts have been developed to manipulate the solution structure of the electrolyte and the interphasial chemistry at the electrode surfaces. However, the large amounts of specialized salts required in this approach, put into question whether GWh-scale storage is really the best application of this technology. Storage at such very large scale, however, is required for further integration of renewables and complete decarbonization of power grids. Flow batteries that decouple energy storage from power generation were developed to simplify scaling of very large batteries while maintaining cost and safety benefits of aqueous electrolytes. Here, the solubility of active materials governs the achievable energy density, which is typically an order of magnitude lower for aqueous flow batteries compared to state-of-the-art lithium-ion cells. Capitalizing on our experience with highly concentrated electrolytes and the impact of molecular symmetry and ion-pairing on electrolyte properties,1–5 we manipulate the solution structure of flow battery electrolytes to maximize active material concentration. We manipulate the hydrogen-bonding environment in the electrolyte and mediate anion-cation interactions via cation-engineering and additives, enabling more than four-fold higher concentrations for a series of metal-organic chelates and ferrocyanides than previously reported.6–8 We further developed a simple flame emission spectroscopy setup to track cation ratios in solution and study cation-dependent instabilities of presumably highly stable ferrocyanide anions.8,9 Achieving very high concentrations, however, presents a series of challenges for flow batteries. A two-molar lithium ferrocyanide electrolyte, for example, has an ionic strength comparable to a twenty-molar lithium chloride solution.8 Managing osmotic balance across the membrane thus becomes very challenging in a flow cell. Additionally, the high viscosity of concentrated electrolytes results in significant efficiency and power losses, suggesting that the “dissolve-as-much-as-possible” approach may not necessarily lead to better flow batteries. We thus studied the importance of energy density for real-world MWh-scale batteries by using satellite images to estimate the footprint of such large-scale deployments. We find that installations using lithium-ion batteries often have a comparable footprint to sodium-sulfur batteries and even demonstrator-stage flow batteries.10 This implies that low cell level energy density of flow batteries is not the key limitation of the technology, challenging the common narrative. For applications such as residential use, on the other hand, energy density certainly plays a critical role, and we discuss approaches that could enable much more compact systems. References: (1) Reber, D.; Kühnel, R. S.; Battaglia, C. Suppressing Crystallization of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes by Asymmetric Anions Enables Low-Temperature Operation of High-Voltage Aqueous Batteries. ACS Mater. Lett. 2019, 1 (1), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.9b00043. (2) Kühnel, R.-S.; Reber, D.; Battaglia, C. Perspective—Electrochemical Stability of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 167 (7), 70544. (3) Reber, D.; Takenaka, N.; Kuhnel, R.-S.; Yamada, A.; Battaglia, C. Impact of Anion Asymmetry on Local Structure and Supercooling Behavior of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2020, 11 (12), 4720–4725. (4) Reber, D.; Grissa, R.; Becker, M.; Kühnel, R.-S.; Battaglia, C. Anion Selection Criteria for Water-in-Salt Electrolytes. Adv. Energy Mater. 2021, 11 (5), 2002913. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202002913. (5) Reber, D.; Borodin, O.; Becker, M.; Rentsch, D.; Thienenkamp, J. H.; Grissa, R.; Zhao, W.; Aribia, A.; Brunklaus, G.; Battaglia, C. Water/Ionic Liquid/Succinonitrile Hybrid Electrolytes for Aqueous Batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32 (20), 2112138. (6) Reber, D.; Thurston, J. R.; Becker, M.; Pach, G. F.; Wagoner, M. E.; Robb, B. H.; Waters, S. E.; Marshak, M. P. Mediating Anion-Cation Interactions to Improve Aqueous Flow Battery Electrolytes. Appl. Mater. Today 2022, 28, 101512. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101512. (7) Waters, S. E.; Thurston, J. R.; Armstrong, R. W.; Robb, B. H.; Marshak, M. P.; Reber, D. Holistic Design Principles for Flow Batteries: Cation Dependent Membrane Resistance and Active Species Solubility. J. Power Sources 2022, 520, 230877. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230877. (8) Reber, D.; Thurston, J. R.; Becker, M.; Marshak, M. P. Stability of Highly Soluble Ferrocyanides at Neutral PH for Energy-Dense Flow Batteries. Cell Reports Phys. Sci. 2023, 4, 101215. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.101215. (9) Thurston, J. R.; Marshak, M. P.; Reber, D. Monitoring Ion Exchange Chromatography with Affordable Flame Emission Spectroscopy. J. Chem. Educ. 2022. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00455. (10) Reber, D.; Jarvis, S.; Marshak, M. The Role of Energy Density for Grid-Scale Batteries. ChemRxiv 2022. https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-5ddhs.

In 2005 at the centennial anniversary of Fudan University, Shanghai, China, a new conference venue began [1]. This venue, the International Conference on Novel Materials and Synthesis (NMS) together with the International Symposium on Fine Chemistry and Functional Polymers (FCFP), is targeted to provide high-level academic exchange for both local and international chemists, materialists, physicists, engineers, and technologists in the fields of materials and synthesis. The year 2011 was the International Year of Chemistry, and it is well known that chemistry is an essential creative science for the sustainable development of humankind. As a result, the joint NMSVII/ FCFP-XXI event (www.nms-iupac.org), held in Shanghai, China, 16-21 October 2011, was more important than ever. The Conference received much support from IUPAC, The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, the Science and Technology Commission of the Shanghai Municipality, and the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB209700), and was carried out under the auspices of IUPAC. The Conference was attended by 430 participants from 40 countries and areas. The scientific program comprised 10 plenary lectures, 56 keynote lectures, 206 invited lectures, and 94 posters. Detailed, active, and lively discussions were covered by the following themes: - innovative chiral and achiral compounds - innovative bio- and biobased materials and composites - innovative polymers such as conducting, semiconducting ones, supramolecular (supermolecular, dynamers) - innovative energy systems including fuel cells, solar cells, lithium batteries, and supercapacitors - innovative nanomaterials such as 1D, 2D, and 3D nanomaterials - new ceramic materials such as superconductors, electronic, diaelectronic, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, optoelectric, and magnetic materials - new metallic materials including alloys - other novel materials including drugs, perfumes, agricultural chemicals, and photosensitive materials, displaying materials and fine ceramics; and - neutron scattering and its application in fundamental and applied research on new materials. The program served to emphasize that novel materials and their preparation are dynamic research areas that are attracting growing interest from researchers, engineers, industries, and policy-makers. Furthermore, novel materials continue to find applications that serve the needs and interests of producers and consumers. A selection of 13 papers based on specially invited presentations at NMSVII/ FCFP-XXI is published in this issue to demonstrate the quality and scope of the themes of this Conference. During the Conference, the role and contributions of this high-level academic platform to novel materials and their synthesis are well realized by the participants, sponsors, and exhibitors. In addition, the organization committee established the Distinguished Award 2011 for Novel Materials and their Synthesis along with IUPAC; Prof. Guoxiu Wang (Australia), Dr. Dr. Fusayoshi Masuda (Japan), Prof. Dr. André-Jean Attias (France), and Prof. Bao-Lian Su (Belgium) received the award for their excellent work. The IUPAC Prof. Jiang Novel Materials Youth Prize was awarded to two winners, Prof. Zhibo Li (China) and Dr. Jr-Hau He (Taiwan, China), for the first time. This will next be awarded in 2013. Three winners for the IUPAC Poster Prize were also awarded. Yuping Wu, Shiyou Guan, and Guoxiu Wang Conference Editors [1] Y. P. Wu. Pure Appl. Chem. 78 (10), iii (2006).

Abstract Introduction Burn/Trauma Critical Care Nursing requires a team effort to achieve positive outcomes. Meaningful Recognition is one standard of a Healthy Work Environment and a challenge to provide consistently in today’s climate. In 2021 we conducted a HWE assessment survey and under the category of MR our aggregate score was 2.94 or “Needs Improvement.” The phrase “Dumpster Fire” has been used to describe the most challenging clinical shifts in nursing within our unit. A DF shift on our unit has been undefined due to the complexity of the care provided to patients and without any formal method specific to our unit in acknowledging the staff that care for the most critically ill patients. We defined a DF to create a specific award in which staff nominate each other for the skill demonstrated to provide excellent care and the good outcomes. We implemented the award as a post survey action item with a goal to achieve an aggregate score of &gt;=4.0 or “Good,” on a follow up survey on MR in June of 2022. Methods MR is one of six standards presented by the AACN (HWE) assessment tool to aid in developing plans to increase retention and satisfaction among staff at the bedside. Our intervention period began in April 2021 and ended June 2022. During this time staff, allied health personnel, physicians, and unit leaders can nominate others for a DFA. The story of the nominees and the teamwork necessary are shared at weekly staff huddles. The nominees would also receive a dumpster fire enamel pin provided by unit leadership and have their picture taken for the "Wall of Flame" on the unit and our social media page. by sharing the story with the team which was presented to the nominee(s) during shift change huddles. The scoring guidelines are as follows: 1.00-2.99 = Needs Improvement, 3.00-3.99 = Good, 4.00-5.00 = Excellent Results Standard 5 Meaningful Recognition Nurses must be recognized and recognize others for the value each brings to the work of the organization. 2021 Aggregate Score 2.94 2022 Aggregate Score 4.37 Question 4 The formal reward and recognition systems work to make nurses and other staff feel valued. 2021 score 2.45 2022 score 4.62 Question 9 Administrators, nurse managers, physicians, nurses, and other staff members speak up and let people know when they have done a good job. 2021 score 3.64 2022 score 4.17 Question 17 There are motivating opportunities for personal growth, development, and advancement. 2021 score 2.73 2022 score 4.31 Conclusions Based on the results of the post intervention survey there was a significant increase in the individual and aggregate scores for MR. This data demonstrates that a unique and meaningful method of recognition can impact the perceptions of staff of a HWE within a busy level I trauma center’s Trauma Intensive Care Unit. Applicability of Research to Practice Meaningful Recognition is an important part of a Healthy Work Environment and a fully implemented HWE initiative can help mitigate staff losses and help build resilience among nursing staff and the treatment team members.

Majority of theories, associated with the variety of flame acceleration scenarios, are based on the "geometrical formulation”: namely, the wrinkled to planar flame speeds ratio, Sw / SL , is evaluated as the scaled increase in the flame surface area, while the entire combustionchemistry is immersed inSL , which is assumed to be constant. However, in the practical reality,SL may experience spatial and temporal variations; at least, due to the associated pressure andtemperature distribution within a combustor, and their evolution during burning. In the present work, we initiate the systematic study of a much more intriguing situation – when SL - variations are externally imposed in a manner being a free functional of the formulation. This is relevant, in particular, to multi-phase combustion in dusty environment, with a non-uniform distribution of combustible and/or inert dust; as well as to the event of spatial variations of the equivalenceratio. First, linear variation of spatialSL - distribution is incorporated into the Bychkov theories offlame acceleration due to wall friction [Physical Review E 72 (2005) 046307] and solved analytically. Second, we implement linear variation of flame speed into computational platform. A backbone for the platform is a fully compressible, finite-volume Navier-Stokes code solving for the hydrodynamics and combustion equations in a homogenously and non-homogeneously - gaseous, laminar environment. It is investigated how linear variation of flame speed can affect the flame acceleration mechanism. Theory also validated by means of computational simulations. This work is supported by the Alpha Foundation for the Improvement of Mine Safety and Health as well as West Virginia University’s Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (PSCoR) and West Virginia University’s Senate Award for Research and Scholarship.

Prior research indicated extremely fast acceleration, with potential detonation triggering, of premixed flames propagating in semi-open obstructed pipes (a pipe filled with a combustible premixture is open at one end; ignition occurs at the closed end such that a flame spreads towards the opening). However, industrial applications oftentimes have both ends open, with ignition occurring at one of them. The latter configuration constitutes the focus of our work. Specifically, flame propagation through a comb-shaped array of obstacles in a pipe with both ends open is studied by solving two-dimensional fully-compressible hydrodynamic and combustion equations with Arrhenius chemical kinetics. The blockage ratios BR=1/3, 1/2, 2/3 (with respect to the pipe radius) are considered, with oscillations of the burning rate observed in all cases. The oscillations are nonlinear but periodic; being steady for BR=2/3, 1/2, they slightly damp for BR=1/3. Increase in the BR facilitates nonlinearity and promotes the oscillation period but reduces the average burning rate. These oscillations can be treated as fluctuations around a quasi-steady solution, being thereby in agreement with recent experiments and modelling of flames in open obstructed pipes that yielded steady flame propagation prior to an onset of flame acceleration. Overall, a conceptual difference between open (oscillations) and semi-open (acceleration) obstructed pipes is identified. It is presumably attributed to the fact that, in a semi-open pipe, the entire fame-generated jet flow is pushed towards a single opening, whereas with both ends open this jet flow is distributed between two flows, towards both openings, thereby weakening flame spreading. Keywords: premixed flames, oscillating flames, equi-diffusive flames, obstructed channels, computational simulation, fire safety.Acknowledgements: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the CAREER Award #1554254 (V.A.)

BackgroundSecretin (SCT), 27 amino acids hormone, binds to secretin receptor (SR) and activates the cAMP‐dependent pathway during biliary damage leading to cholangiocyte proliferation. Secretin stimulation also increases exocytosis in cholangiocytes. Cholangiocyte proliferation is controlled by biliary extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes and microvesicles, which are released by exocytosis from cells. Cholangiocytes are heterogeneous and large but not small cholangiocytes express SR and perform ductular secretion. The cell‐cell communication between cholangiocytes and roles of cholangiocyte heterogeneity as well as the SCT/SR axis in EV secretion and functions are largely unknown. We identify cell‐cell communication between small and/or large cholangiocytes and determine the functional roles of SCT and SR in bacteria‐induced inflammatory cell‐cell communication.MethodsImmortalized normal mouse small and large cholangiocytes were cultured in EV‐depleted media. SCT and SR were stably knocked down by shRNA transfection in large cholangiocytes. Cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 ng/mL) or vehicle (PBS) for 72 hr. EVs were isolated from collected culture media by ultracentrifugation. After washes and another ultracentrifugation, EVs were resuspended in PBS. Small or large cholangiocytes were incubated with EVs isolated from small or large cells for 48 hr. Large cholangiocytes were also incubated with EVs isolated from negative control or gene‐knocked down large cholangiocytes. Then, total RNAs were harvested and RT‐qPCR was performed. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNFα and CCL2) were analyzed.ResultsLarge cholangiocytes secreted more EVs than small, and LPS stimulation increased EV secretion from large cholangiocytes but not from small cholangiocytes. LPS‐derived large EVs induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in other large cholangiocytes, but not in small cholangiocytes. LPS‐derived small EVs did not enhance cytokine production in small nor large cholangiocytes. Large cholangiocytes with knocked down SCT or SR secrete significantly reduced EVs compared with control large cholangiocytes. EVs isolated from SCT or SR‐knocked down cells treated with LPS did not induce elevated cytokine production in control large cholangiocytes.ConclusionThese novel findings show that cholangiocytes (following stimulation with LPS) activate inflammatory responses in other cholangiocytes via secretion of EVs. This cell‐cell communication occurs only between large cholangiocytes and small cholangiocytes do not participate in this event. Both SCT and SR are required for this inflammatory communication as well as effective EV secretion during LPS stimulation. This cell‐cell communication between cholangiocytes may be important to cause damage in other cholangiocytes, and EVs may be a novel therapeutic tool to regulate inflammatory reactions during biliary damage.Support or Funding InformationSupported in part by the Dr. Nicholas C. Hightower Centennial Chair of Gastroenterology from Scott & White, a VA Research Career Scientist Award, a VA Merit Award (5I01BX000574 to G.A.), US Department of Veterans Affairs Biomedical Laboratory Research VA Merit Awards (1I01BX001724 to F.M., 5I01BX002192 to S.G., and 1I01BX003031 to H.F.), NIH grants DK058411, DK076898, DK107310, and DK062975 (G.A., F.M., and S.G.), and NIH RO1 (1R01DK108959‐01 to H.F.). This material is the result of work supported by resources at the Central Texas Veterans Health Care System.

AbstractThis chapter outlines an International Symposium held at Frankfurt on 1–5 September 2019. It marked the centennial of quantitative experiments with molecular beams, pioneered by Otto Stern. The European Physical Society declared Stern’s original laboratory a Historic Site, the fifth in Germany. As a graduate student in 1955, I learned about Otto Stern (1888–1969) and the impact of his molecular beams on quantum physics. I was intrigued and undertook crossed-beam experiments at Berkeley. In 1960 Otto came to a seminar that I gave. Later I met him, and heard some of his stories. The rest of the chapter describes his Nobel Prize and other Fests. In 1958 his long-term colleague, Immanuel Estermann, organized a celebration and Festschrift for Otto’s 70th birthday. In 1988, as a guest editor, I organized a Festschift for the centennial of Otto’s birth. That year, the German Physical Society established the Stern-Gerlach Prize as its highest award for experimental physics. Bretislav Friedrich and I wrote three papers about Stern. Since 2000, Horst Schmidt-Böcking at Frankfurt and colleagues have produced historical articles, along with a book about Otto, edited and bound all of his research papers into books, and diligently pursued letters to and from Otto, collecting them into large volumes.