Bücher: „Censys“

1

Martin, Catherine Machan. Index to 1860 Tompkins Co., NY, cencus [i.e. census]. Durand, Mich. (7195 S. Geeck Rd., Durand 48429): C.M. Martin, 1985.

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2

Martin, Pauline. Review of census applications: (Census 1961-Census 1991). (Edinburgh): Scottish Office, Central Research Unit, 1994.

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3

Census 2001: Census in brief. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2003.

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4

Canada, Statistics. Census divisions and census subdivisions. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Supply and Services Canada = Ministre des approvisionnements et services Canada, 1992.

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5

departamentas, Lithuania Statistikos. 2000 round of population and housing censuses in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Vilnius: Statistics Lithuania, 2003.

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6

Canada, Statistics. Census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and census tracts: Reference maps. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1996.

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7

Census, Canada Statistics Canada 1991. Census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and census tracts: Reference maps. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1991.

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8

Census Canada 1986: Census handbook : Reference. Ottawa: Canadian Government Publishing Centre, 1988.

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9

Shaw, J. Martin. 1991 census: A Norfolk census atlas. [Norwich]: Norfolk County Council, Dept. of Planning and Transportation, 1994.

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10

Wieck, Dorothy L. Census index. Covington, Ky: Kenton County Historical Society, 1987.

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11

Census 96. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1997.

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12

Isle of Man. Treasury. Economics Section. Census report. Douglas: Treasury, Economics Section, 1991.

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13

Office, Ireland Central Statistics. Census 91. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1992.

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14

Todo el mundo cuenta! S.l.]: Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos, 1999.

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15

Schor, Paul. Women as Census Workers and as Relays in the Field. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0020.

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Annotation:

This chapter discusses the role of women in the history of the US census. Beginning with the 1920 census, and with women gaining the right to vote that same year, the Census Bureau began devoting considerable effort to women in two distinct directions: first, by making housewives a focus of attention as the interviewees of census workers and the repository of their husbands’ information; and second, more discreetly, by recruiting a growing number of women as census workers and supervisors. Women who worked in the Census Bureau in Washington served several purposes: demonstrating to all that the agency was a great modern enterprise, but also, and more specifically, attracting more applicants. As was the case for African Americans, the information furnished on the activity of women in the Census Bureau—photographs in particular—reveals sex segregation in jobs at the very heart of the agency.

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16

Schor, Paul. The Creation of the Federal Census by the Constitution of the United States. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the creation of the federal census. The US census was created to put into operation the system of checks and balances. It attributed to each state through apportionment, a number of representatives in proportion to its population as well as a level of tax contribution, while the Three-Fifths Compromise required that slaves be counted as less than free people. The first US census took place in 1790, framed by a law passed by Congress, the First Census Act. This law inaugurated a tradition that continued up to the census of 1930: the list, the order, and the text of the questions on the schedules followed the text of the law, which meant that Congress played a central role in the preparation of the census. It added to the distinction of status (free or slave) a distinction of color to distinguish free blacks from whites.

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17

Schor, Paul. The Slow Integration of Indians into US Population Statistics in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0012.

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This chapter discusses the integration of Native Americans into the US census. Since its creation, the census separated the inhabitants of the territory controlled by the United States into three broad categories: free (presumed white, citizens, and taxpayers); slaves (property, reduced by the calculation of apportionment); and Indians, pushed back to the margin of the territory and excluded from the census because they did not participate in any of the mechanisms on which it was based: not citizens, not taxpayers, and not property. With growing numbers of Indian living among the general population appearing in the census returns from 1850, the Census Office had to adapt, and to decide how to classify mixed people. The question was even more complex in the first and second American censuses of Alaska, in 1880 and 1890.

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18

Schor, Paul. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0022.

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This chapter reviews developments from 1940 to 2000. Among these is the increased awareness of the census. On the one hand, the Census Bureau itself published for every census an administrative history (called Procedural History) of the census; on the other hand, sociology and political science adopted the goal and, since the 1960s, have focused considerable attention on categories of race and ethnicity, especially the so-called “ethnoracial pentagon”—the five major categories defined by the federal administration as those which government agencies should utilize. In 1980, the creation of an “Ancestry” category reflected the evolution toward more open questions, giving more room for the perceptions that people had of themselves. The 2000 census, after long negotiations, approved the recognition of multiracial families by offering, for the first time, the possibility of checking off more than one race on the schedule.

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19

Schor, Paul. Ethnic Marketing of Population Statistics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0021.

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This chapter discusses the Census Bureau’s external relations. It covers the publicity programs directed specifically toward ethnic groups; the agency’s use of marketing techniques for targeted campaigns and tools such as photography, films, and radio; the wide public outreach achieved by presidential proclamations announcing the date of each census; the positive experiences of census agents in the field; the agency’s provision of personal information to the FBI or to other government agencies despite the existence of confidentiality clauses; and the Census Bureau’s active participation in discrimination against and persecution of US residents via the deportation of Americans of Japanese origin after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

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20

Schor, Paul. The Census and African Americans Within and Outside the Bureau. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0019.

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This chapter focuses on the relationship between the Census Bureau and African Americans. In the first half of the twentieth century, the history of the agency’s relations with the black population was one of an incomplete transformation. For the census, blacks were the most objectified inhabitants, to the point that slaves were deprived of names to become numbers in the population statistics, and the ones least likely to be viewed as subjects. At the same time, blacks as a category were always the object of particular attention in census reports. The chapter also describes the growing involvement of black authors and statisticians in publications for the black population; the career of Charles E. Hall with respect to the census, who became the first African American to be given supervisory responsibilities over black employees; and the Census Bureau’s relations with the African American business community.

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21

Population Censuses & Surveys Office. Census, 1991 (1991 Census). Stationery Office Books, 1994.

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22

Population Censuses & Surveys Office. Census, 1991 (1991 Census). Stationery Office Books, 1994.

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23

Canada, Statistics, Hrsg. A Preview of products and services from the 1991 census of population, census of agriculture, post-censal surveys. [Ottawa]: Statistics Canada = Statistique Canada, 1991.

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24

Schor, Paul. Census Data for 1850 and 1860 and the Defeat of the South. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0008.

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Annotation:

This chapter discusses how census data for 1850 and 1860 contributed to the military defeat of the South in the Civil War. For instance, the main innovation of the 1860 census was the cartographic presentation of the data. The agents of the Census Office reported the results of the 1860 census on existing maps of southern postal routes, county by county. Thus, northern generals gained access to data on cultivated acres, the numbers of horses and mules, and the quantities of wheat, corn, oats, or other crops, as well as on the numbers of whites, free blacks, and slaves in each county. The data of the 1850 and 1860 censuses on slaves and free blacks also played a central role in the polemics between slavery proponents and abolitionists.

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25

Schor, Paul. Counting Americans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.001.0001.

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By telling how the US census classified and divided Americans by race and origin from the founding of the United States to World War II, this book shows how public statistics have been used to create an unequal representation of the nation. From the beginning, the census was a political undertaking, torn between the conflicting demands of the state, political actors, social scientists, businesses, and interest groups. Through the extensive archives of the Bureau of the Census, it traces the interactions that led to the adoption or rejection of changes in the ways different Americans were classified, as well as the changing meaning of seemingly stable categories over time. Census workers and directors by necessity constantly interpreted official categories in the field and in the offices. The difficulties they encountered, the mobilization and resistance of actors, the negotiations with the census, all tell a social history of the relation of the state to the population. Focusing in detail on slaves and their descendants, on racialized groups, and on immigrants, as well as on the troubled imposition of US racial categories upon the population of newly acquired territories, the book demonstrates that census-taking in the United States has been at its core a political undertaking shaped by racial ideologies that reflect its violent history of colonization, enslavement, segregation, and discrimination.

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26

Canada, Statistics, Hrsg. Census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and census tracts. Ottawa: Statistics Canada = Statistique Canada, 1992.

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27

United States. Bureau of the Census, Hrsg. Bicentennial census facts: 1990 decennial census ; census '90. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1989.

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28

Bainbridge Workhouse census returns 1841, census returns 1851, census returns 1861, census returns 1871, census returns 1881, census returns 1891. [Cleveland]: [Cleveland Family History Society], 1997.

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29

T, Nicholson J., und Cleveland Family History Society, Hrsg. Northallerton Workhouse census returns 1841, census returns 1851, census returns 1861, census returns 1871, census returns 1881, census returns 1891. [Cleveland]: [Cleveland Family History Society], 1997.

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30

T, Nicholson J., und Cleveland Family History Society, Hrsg. Bedale Workhouse census returns 1841, census returns 1851, census returns 1861, census returns 1871, census returns 1881, census returns 1891. [Cleveland]: [Cleveland Family History Society], 1997.

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31

T, Nicholson J., und Cleveland Family History Society, Hrsg. Darlington Workhouse census returns 1841, census returns 1851, census returns 1861, census returns, 1871, census returns 1881 census returns 1891. [Cleveland]: [Cleveland Family History Society], 1997.

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32

T, Nicholson J., und Cleveland Family History Society, Hrsg. Thirsk Workhouse census returns 1841, census returns 1851, census returns 1861, census returns 1871, census returns 1881, census returns 1891. [Cleveland]: [Cleveland Family History Society], 1997.

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33

T, Nicholson J., und Cleveland Family History Society, Hrsg. Richmond Workhouse census returns 1841, census returns 1851, census returns 1861, census returns 1871, census returns 1881, census returns 1891. [Cleveland]: [Cleveland Family History Society], 1997.

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34

T, Nicholson J., und Cleveland Family History Society, Hrsg. Easingwold Workhouse census returns 1841, census returns, 1851, census returns 1861, census returns 1871, census returns 1881, census returns 1891. [Cleveland]: [Cleveland Family History Society], 1997.

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35

Leyburn Workhouse census returns 1841, census returns 1851, census returns 1861, census returns 1871, census returns 1881, census returns 1891. [Cleveland]: [Cleveland Family History Society], 1997.

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36

T, Nicholson J., und Cleveland Family History Society, Hrsg. Reeth Workhouse census returns 1841, census returns 1851, census returns 1861, census returns 1871, census returns 1881, census returns 1891. [Cleveland]: [Cleveland Family History Society], 1997.

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37

Schor, Paul. Whether to Name or Count Slaves. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0005.

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This chapter considers developments leading up to the census of 1850, heralded as the “first scientific census” of the United States. It made a clean break with its predecessors and solidified the influence of the reformer statisticians who found in it a way to make up for the catastrophic census of 1840. The most important change was the shift from the familial level for collection of information to individual data: a whole line of the principal schedule was devoted to each member of a family. The other great innovation was the division of the census into six separate schedules: free inhabitants; slaves; mortality (information on persons who had died during the past year); agriculture; manufactures; and social statistics (taxes; numbers of schools, of newspapers, of churches; criminality; and libraries within the district). Enumerating slaves led to intense political debates in Congress in the context of the sectional crisis.

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38

Schor, Paul. From Slavery to Freedom. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0010.

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This chapter discusses changes introduced by three Reconstruction-era amendments and their consequences for the census. These amendments include the suppression of slavery by the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865; the redefinition of American citizenship at the federal and state levels by the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868; and guaranteeing black men’s right to vote under the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870. These amendments had two major consequences for the census: on the one hand, the end of the Three-Fifths Compromise; on the other, the development of the census itself into the instrument of control and sanction of the limitation of former slaves’ right to vote. The 1870 census thus had to measure with much difficulty both the distribution of the population for the apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives and the enforcement of these amendments. States where the voting rights of blacks were denied would see their representation diminished accordingly.

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39

Schor, Paul. From Statistics by Country of Birth to the System of National Origins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0018.

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This chapter discusses changes in the categories of ethnicity and immigration in the US census. From the beginning of the twentieth century to the 1930s, statistics on immigration and ethnicity took first place in schedules, published reports, and public policy. Not only did census figures establish immigration quotas, but census statisticians, with their methods and their culture, constructed the mechanism for exclusion by national origin. However, after 1928 there was a retreat from measuring ethnicity, which became evident in the 1930 and 1940 censuses by a marked lack of interest in questions of place of birth, mother tongue, and degree of assimilation. The history of the categories that made it possible to measure ethnicity is a complex one, involving three main groups of actors: advocates of immigration restriction, representatives of immigrant populations, and Census Bureau statisticians, with each group attempting to respond to contradictory demands and to defend their own interests.

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40

Ball, Jesse. Census. Text Publishing Company, 2018.

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41

Census. Granta Books, 2019.

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42

Census. Ecco, an imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers, 2018.

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43

Canada, Statistics, Hrsg. Census divisions and census subdivisions. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1992.

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44

Census profile: 1991 Census information. [Kingston upon Thames]: Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, 1993.

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45

Britain, Great. Census: The Census Regulations 1990. London: H.M.S.O., 1990.

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46

United States. Bureau of the Census, Hrsg. Census '86: Census education project. [Washington, D.C.?: Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1986.

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47

Census factsheet: Manchester census 1991. Manchester: Manchester City Council Planning Department, 1993.

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48

United States. Bureau of the Census., Hrsg. Census '86: Census education project. [Washington, D.C.?: Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1986.

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49

Council, Edinburgh (Scotland) City, Hrsg. Edinburgh's census 2001: Census atlas. Edinburgh: City of Edinburgh Council, 2003.

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50

Census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations, and census tracts: Reference maps : 96 census : [Canada]. Minister of Industry, 1997.

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Bücher zum Thema „Censys“

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