Dissertationen zum Thema „Cellule de transfert d'hydrates“
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Abdallah, Mohamad. „Caractérisation multi-échelles des hydrates de gaz formés en présence d'additifs anti-agglomérants“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the context of oil production, the formation of gas hydrates can lead to the formation of deposits, the clogging of lines and the interruption of oil and/or gas production. Hydrate formation can therefore have a strong economic impact. To ensure production without the risk of production shutdown, different strategies are adopted. A common strategy involves the production outside the hydrate zone by injection of thermodynamic additives (THIs), for example. However, the displacement of hydrate stability conditions by THIs requires the injection of massive doses of additive with high environmental and economic costs. Another production strategy, in the hydrate zone, consists of injecting so-called low dose inhibitors (LDHI): kinetic inhibitors (KHIs) or anti-agglomerant additives (AAs). For deep offshore oil fields, only the injection of AAs is relevant. These additives do not block the formation of hydrates but prevent their agglomeration and disperse the crystals formed in the production fluids. The development of AAs and the validation of their applications on production fields require an in-depth investigation of their impacts on real production systems (dispersion of crystals in pipes, the size of crystals in the continuous phase, the transportability of slurries, etc…).êTo provide a better understanding of the impact of commercial AAs on the formation of hydrates, a multidisciplinary and multi-scale approach was adopted. The formation of natural gas hydrates was first carried out in the laboratory by reproducing oil production conditions with industrial systems under operational conditions with three different AAs. On the macroscopic scale, the slurries of crystals produced under stirring in the reactors highlight effects dependent on the AA used. They impact differently the kinetics of hydrate formation, the rate and speed of crystal growth as well as their state of dispersion. Without stirring, these AAs additives affect the morphology and control the growth of crystals and the phase in which they will grow. A hydrate transfer cell was then designed to sample of hydrate slurries formed in the reactors under conditions close to industrial reality (with stirring, high pressure, low temperature). The transferred hydrate slurries were then analyzed by X-ray microtomography using a method developed during this work. On the microscopic scale, the state of dispersion of the hydrate grains was assessed for all transferred samples and information was obtained on the size of the dispersed hydrate grains, their shape and their sedimentation in the organic phase. At the molecular scale, in-situ analyzes were carried out by Raman spectroscopy on methane hydrates formed in the presence of the three AA additives. These tests highlighted the distribution of hydrates in the organic phases (gas and condensate). Observations by optical microscopy reveal hydrate morphologies comparable to those obtained in the presence of AAs additives in the reactors
Rudnicka, Dominika. „Mécanismes de la replication et du transfert de cellule à cellule du VIH“. Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077160.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleT lymphocytes are the main target cells for active HIV-1 replication. The virus subverts the cellular machineries to ensure the most efficient infection of the host. I studied the process of HIV-1 replication and intercellular spread in T cells. I visualized the simultaneous existence of different mechanisms of viral transmission between T lymphocytes, such as virological synapses (VS), filopodia, and by newly characterized polysynapses, structures formed between one infected cell and multiple adjacent recipients. I quantified further these diverse modes of contact and studied their relative importance in mediating new target infection. I observed that viral transfer mainly occurs across VS and through polysynapses. I investigated the interplay between the virus and its host cell upon infection. I showed that the virus modulates the physiology of T cells. This is, at least partially, due to the interactions of HIV with the cell cytoskeleton. The viral protein Nef appears as an important modulator of actin cytoskeleton remodeling. It mediates profound changes within the cells, reducing their motility and ability to undergo membrane ruffling, inducing at the same time the formation of filopodia. I also identified Rhô GTPases Racl, 2 and Cdc42 as well as GTPase dynamin2 as possible partners of HIV in mediating free viral infection and cell-cell spread. These regulators of actin cytoskeleton remodeling are likely targets for the virus to get the control over important cellular functions involving actin plasticity. The research presented here allowed to better characterize the means of HIV cell-to-cell spread and the modulation of the cellular biology by the viral infection
Caicedo, Andrès. „Communication cellule-cellule : transfert de mitochondries provenant des cellules souches/stromales mesenchymateuses (CSM) vers des cellules cancereuses“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt the beginning of my thesis, I was interested in the process involved in cell communication, more specifically in cell-to-cell interactions. Why does a cell specifically establish contacts with another one, how do cells respond to these interactions and what are the effects? As a model to answer these questions, I studied the interactions between MSCs and two breast cancer cell lines. The study of the communications between MSCs and tumor cells is an alternative to explore and understand tumor progression. MSC recruitment to the tumor is shown to favor the progression of the disease. The mechanisms of this dialogue are multiple and are the object of a great number of studies that aim at finding new therapeutic approaches. The objective of this work was to analyze the interactions between MSCs and cancer cells and evaluate the potential effects of this communication in tumor progression. First, I developed an experimental system of real time confocal microscopy in order to observe the interaction produced between MSCs and the breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. I noticed the dynamic formation of tubular structures between the two different cell types and, surprisingly, the passage of mitochondria from MSCs to the cancer cells. Second, we used a 3D system of cell invasion in a collagen matrix, which we adapted for the coculture, in order to observe the effects of the interactions between the MDA-MB-231 and MSCs. In agreement with the literature, we observed an increase in the migratory potential of the cancer cells, an effect that could be linked to the transfer of mitochondria from MSCs to the cancer cells. To answer this question, I set up a protocol to specifically transfer to the cancer cells mitochondria isolated from the MSCs and test directly the functional consequences for the cancer cells. This protocol can be used to transfer mitochondria, not only from MSCs but also from other cells. This method is currently submitted to a patent process. Our results show that the transfer of MSC mitochondria to the cancer cells modifies cancer cells functional properties and increase their invasive and proliferative capacities. Concerning the metabolic activity, we noticed an increase in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production. We also observed an increase in the transcription level of enzymes related to the lipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation. The results generated with this new protocol of mitochondria transfer show, for the first time, that mitochondria originating from MSCs can improve cellular capacities linked to the tumor progression. The role proposed by the scientific community for the interactions of MSCs with the tumor cells fits with the data generated in our work. Several questions remain open. In particular, could the transfer of mitochondria from MSCs to the cancer cells contribute to the acquisition of resistance to anti-cancer agents observed in patients? The protocol of transfer of mitochondria that we developed in the laboratory is a technique of choice and offers many advantages over other techniques such as microinjection and cytoplasmic hybrids; its implementation is simple and reproducible and can target large numbers of cells. This method opens numerous perspectives and potential applications such as the study of metabolic reprogramming. Thus, we could consider restoring the activity of dysfunctional cells by transferring mitochondria from “metabolically active” or healthy cells. In the long term, one of the applications could be transferring healthy or genetically modified mitochondria to zygotes carrying mitochondrial DNA mutations, in order to treat pathologies like infertility, neuro-degenerative diseases, cancer and premature aging
Ariana, Mohsen. „Simulation numérique de transfert de masse dans une cellule d'électrolyse d'aluminium“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6852.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRésumé : L’étude des mécanismes de transfert de masse des ions dans le bain électrolytique dans une cellule d’électrolyse d’aluminium se heurte aux conditions sévères qui y sont rencontrées : haute température, milieu corrosif, etc. Cependant, il est important de connaitre ces mécanismes de transfert en raison de leurs grands impacts sur les paramètres indicatifs du procédé d’électrolyse, par exemple l’efficacité du courant. Le calcul numérique est une façon de surmonter ces difficultés et d’éclairer les aspects moins connus du procédé de production d’aluminium. L’électrolyte utilisé pour l’électrolyse est composé par différents ions qui se déplacent dans un champ électromagnétique. Ce dernier est généré par le courant électrique intense qui passe par la couche d’aluminium et le bain. Le comportement dynamique des ions est sujet à leur gradient de concentration (la diffusion), à l’écoulement du bain (la convection) et au champ électrique (la migration). Dans le cadre de cette étude, le mouvement des ions est analysé et l’importance relative de la diffusion et de la migration est comparée en régime transitoire pour deux classes d’espèces électroactives et non-électroactives. Pour ces deux types d’espèces, on observe que la migration est le mécanisme dominant de transfert de masse dès les premières phases de l’électrolyse. Cependant, la diffusion devient graduellement le mécanisme le plus important aux électrodes pour des espèces électroactives comme Al[indice inférieur 2]OF[indice inférieur 6][indice supérieur -2] et AlF[indice inférieur 4][indice supérieur -]. Le champ électrique et le champ de concentration ont été simulés à partir d’un modèle 2-D. Les résultats montrent qu’il y a un gradient de concentration entre l’espace inter-électrodes et la région proche de la couche de gelée. Par conséquent, il y a diffusion des espèces entre ces deux régions qui vient diminuer le gradient de concentration et ainsi éviter l’épuisement des ions Al[indice inférieur 2]OF[indice inférieur 6][indice supérieur -2] ou la surconcentration des ions AlF[indice inférieur 4][indice supérieur -]. En outre, un code libre a été développé et implémenté sur OpenFOAM (une plateforme libre de librairies C++). Ce code est capable de résoudre simultanément les équations du champ électrique, du transfert de masse et de Navier-Stokes. Les principaux apports de cette thèse, tel que les modèles et résultats obtenus, peuvent éclairer les mécanismes de transfert de masse dans le bain et aux électrodes et ainsi améliorer leur compréhension.
AULIAC, PIERRE. „Biosynthese et transfert du cholesterol dans la cellule hepatique du rat“. Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRamousse, Julien. „Transferts couplés masse-charge-chaleur dans une cellule de pile à combustible à membrane polymère“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL098N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding and modelling of coupled mass, charges and heat transfers phenomena are fundamental to analyse the electrical behaviour of the system. The aim of the present model is to describe electrical performances of a PEFMC according to the fluidic and thermal operating conditions. The water content of the membrane and the water distribution in the single cell are estimated according to the coupled simulations of mass transport in the thickness of the single cell and in the feeding channels of the bipolar plates. A microscopic model of a Gas Diffusion Electrode is built up to describe charges transfer phenomena occurring at the electrodes. Completed by a study of heat transfer in the Membrane Electrode Assembly, conditions and preferential sites of water vapour condensation can be highlighted. A set of measurements of the effective thermal conductivity of carbon felts used in fuel cells as porous backing layers have also been performed. Although the value of this parameter is essential for the study of heat transfer, it is still under investigation because of the strong thermal anisotropy of the medium
BEZERRA, CAVALCANTI ELIANE. „Transfert de matiere aux electrodes d'une cellule combinant ecoulement force et rotation“. Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10126.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMovassagh, Mojgan. „Optimisation du transfert de genes a l'aide de retrovirus recombinants dans les progeniteurs hematopoietiques et les cellules dendritiques chez l'homme“. Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA114811.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRamousse, Julien Maillet Denis. „Transferts couplés masse-charge-chaleur dans une cellule de pile à combustible à membrane polymère“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy : INPL, 2005. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2005_RAMOUSSE_J.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGeorget, Virginie. „Dynamique intracellulaire du récepteur des androgènes dans une cellule vivante“. Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON1T025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBabić, Ana. „Etude en temps réel de la conjugaison chez Escherichia coli par la microscopie à fluorescence“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066232.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaguet, Évelyne. „Renouvellement de l'ATP dans la cellule végétale : méthodologie du transfert de saturation en RMN 31P“. Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeclercq, India. „Aspects moléculaires de l'intégration du rétrovirus HTLV-1 et de l'expansion clonale de sa cellule hôte“. Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-312.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSix pour cent des virus s'intégrent dans des régions transcriptionnellement actives de la cellule et pourraient donc modifier l'expression de certains gènes impliqués dans la pathogénie de l'infection. Les relations structure-intégration ont été étudiées in vitro, à l'aide d'intégrases recombinantes, de ltr synthétiques et de cibles oligonucléotidiques ayant des structures différentes en solution. Cette étude montre que les intégrases du vih-1 et de htlv-1 privilégient de manière identique l'intégration dans des molécules d'ADN de structure courbée en solution. Enfin, nous avons évalué l'impact de mutations somatiques de l'extrêmité du ltr 3' sur le rendement de la réaction de transfert de brin. Huit séquences ru5 mutées et isolées d'individus infectés ont servies de substrats pour des réactions d'intégration in vitro. Les résultats montrent que par rapport aux séquences ru5 consensus, certaines mutations étaient associées à un gain ou à une perte significative du rendement d'intégration
Amtablian, Sévak. „Du transfert de films minces de Silicium monocristallin vers un procédé cellule à faible budget thermique“. Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0103/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe second generation of solar cell will be characterized by a decrease in production costs while maintaining high conversion efficiencies. The aim of this work is to carry out both silicon material saving and low thermal budget solar cell processes. We developp a monocrystalline silicon thin layer (< 50 µm) transfer process based on porous silicon and epitaxial growth. A sacrificial brittle porous bi-layer obtained by electrochemical anodization is used as a seed layer for epitaxial growth and for the further grown thin layer detachment. Layers as thin as 20 µm have been transferred on foreign substrate. The porous silicon formation and its behavior at high temperature has been studied in order to obtain simultaneously high epilayer quality and fragile enough sacrificial layer for the detachment. A four inches epitaxial reactor has been built and growth parameters have been determined: temperature, growth rate, doping level, homogeneity. Material structural characterization such as AFM, MEB, RX, SECCO etching and electrical characterization such as Hall mobility, LBIC, resistivity show a high quality material well suited for photovoltaïc purposes. We then choose to fabricate low thermal budget solar cells. Two kinds of architecture were used with amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction or in-situ epitaxially grown emitter. Besides the economic benefit, low temperature processes are advantageous for material quality. Moreover, we assess the rear points contact advantages, especially on thin layer, in the viewpoint of conversion efficiency and elaboration process: current enhancement, improved passivation, mechanical stress reduction
Spriet, Corentin Vandenbunder Bernard. „Instrumentation biophotonique pour la mesure d'interactions moléculaires dans la cellule“. Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3950. Résumés en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 175-179. Liste des publications.
Bernard, Rozenn. „Transfert de gènes dans des précurseurs gliaux : immortalisation cellulaire, prolifération et différenciation des lignées établies“. Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA11T009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVukasin, Julien. „Modélisation des transferts de masse et de chaleur dans une cellule d'électrolyse de production de fluor“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT132.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComputer modeling of heat transfer and mass transfer in an electrolytic cell for production of fluorineElectrolytic production of fluorine is a key step in uranium conversion for the nuclear industry. In order to improve this process, the work described in this dissertation aims at two main objectives: to build a numerical simulation of the electrolysis cell and to understand the cathodic hyperpolarization effect which lowers the productivity of the cell. A model coupling several physics (heat transfer with solidification, two-phase flow, electrokinetics) has been developed and experiments were made in order to evaluate unknown physical properties of the electrolyte (thermal conductivity and heat capacity at constant pressure). Experimental data were also acquired in order to assess the capacity of the model to simulate various phenomena occurring inside the cell. Eventually, a reliable 3D model of a semi-industrial R&D cell coupling the physics above mentioned has been obtained. The negative impact of the solidification of the electrolyte on the cooling system was simulated for the first time. Thanks to these experiments, it was also possible to determine the major trends which drive the cathodic hyperpolarization effect. The influence of HF mass fraction and temperature on this phenomenon was clearly shown
Spriet, Corentin. „Instrumentation biophotonique pour la mesure d'interactions moléculaires dans la cellule“. Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Spriet.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCaillier, Bruno. „Diagnostics et modélisation d'une cellule d'écran à plasma“. Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30114.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSalesse, Stéphanie. „Transfert rétroviral des gènes des interférons alpha et gamma dans les cellules de leucémie myéloi͏̈de chronique et les cellules stromales“. Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28629.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePais, de Barros Jean-Paul. „Identification, analyse comparative et implication fonctionnelle de nucléosides hypermodifiés et localisés en position wobble dans des ARNt de tissus normaux ou néoplasiques de mammifères“. Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOMU08.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProvost, David. „Synthèse d’architectures moléculaires pour la photoaccumulation de charges et la production photoinduite de dihydrogène : développement d’une nouvelle méthode de stabilisation des systèmes moléculaires à la surface d’un semi-conducteur pour l’amélioration des performances des cellules photovoltaïques“. Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis concerns the development of new photomolecular systems to convert solar energy into chemical and electrical energy. The first two chapters involve the synthesis of new molecular materials to mimic the charge photoaccumulation function of oxygenic photosynthesis. Our strategy consists in the synthesis of a star-shaped molecular architecture, composed of several molecular antenna (photosensitizers) covalently bound to an organic electron acceptor, which is able to host two negative charges upon illumination. To this acceptor has been substituted a proton reduction catalyst in order to generate a hydrogen production under a light irradiation, as the oxygen-evolving complex in the natural photosynthetic. The last two chapters describe the development of a stabilization approach of molecular systems at a semiconductor surface, in the context of the conception of dye-sensitized solar cells. In order to improve their performances, this work has consisted in the synthesis of functionalized dyes which were subjected to a reticulation process after chemisorption onto a semiconductor, providing new perspectives in terms of interface stability and solar cells lifetime
VANDIER, DIDIER. „Traitement cible de cellules malignes apres transfert du gene suicide hsv-tk sous controle d'un promoteur specifique“. Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05N031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRogier-Floch, Virginie. „Etude de nouveaux vecteurs de synthèse de type lipides cationiques pour la transfection de cellules eucaryotes : application aux cellules souches hématopoi͏̈étiques (doctorat : sciences de la vie et de la santé)“. Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES3101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoche, Philippe-Emmanuel. „Convection thermique turbulente en cellule de Rayleigh-Bénard cryogénique“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001894.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBachelot, Thomas. „Thérapie génique par transfert rétroviral dans les cellules souches hématopoïétiques : développement des vecteurs et application au contrôle de la néoangiogenèse tumorale“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVukasin, Julien. „Modélisation des transferts de masse et de chaleur dans une cellule d'électrolyse de production de fluor“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT132.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComputer modeling of heat transfer and mass transfer in an electrolytic cell for production of fluorineElectrolytic production of fluorine is a key step in uranium conversion for the nuclear industry. In order to improve this process, the work described in this dissertation aims at two main objectives: to build a numerical simulation of the electrolysis cell and to understand the cathodic hyperpolarization effect which lowers the productivity of the cell. A model coupling several physics (heat transfer with solidification, two-phase flow, electrokinetics) has been developed and experiments were made in order to evaluate unknown physical properties of the electrolyte (thermal conductivity and heat capacity at constant pressure). Experimental data were also acquired in order to assess the capacity of the model to simulate various phenomena occurring inside the cell. Eventually, a reliable 3D model of a semi-industrial R&D cell coupling the physics above mentioned has been obtained. The negative impact of the solidification of the electrolyte on the cooling system was simulated for the first time. Thanks to these experiments, it was also possible to determine the major trends which drive the cathodic hyperpolarization effect. The influence of HF mass fraction and temperature on this phenomenon was clearly shown
Leduc, Michèle. „Conséquences immunologiques du microchimérisme foetal et maternel dans plusieurs modèles murins“. Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066485.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHacein-Bey-Abina, Salima. „Therapie genique du deficit immunitaire combine severe lie a l'x par transfert du gene codant pour la chaine gamma commune dans les precurseurs hematopoietiques des patients (doctorat : structure et fonctionnement des systemes biologiques integres)“. Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA114856.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProust, Alizé. „Etude du transfert du VIH-1 des cellules présentatrices d'antigènes aux lymphocytes T CD4 primaires et inhibition par les anticorps neutralisants“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ107/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAntigen-presenting cells (APCs) present at mucosal sites are among the first HIV-1 target cells and contribute to the spread of infection. During my thesis, I studied HIV transfer from macrophages (Mφ) and dendritic cells (DCs) to CD4-T lymphocytes. I showed that APCs were able to efficiently transfer HIV particles to lymphocytes, but through different mechanisms: Mφ rapidlytransferred HIV by direct trans-transfer, whereas DCs were mainly implicated in cistransfer (after production of de novo HIV). Moreover, I have demonstrated that these two modes of transfer were inhibited by neutralizing antibodies (NAb) in both type ofcocultures. Very interestingly, I showed that anti-gp120 NAb inhibit more efficiently HIV transfer in Mφ/T than in DCs/T cocultures and T cells infection by free viral particles. These findings highlight the major contributions of various mucosal target cells in HIV transfer and demonstrate the potent role of NAb on inhibition of cell-to-cell transfer
Sachs, Laurent. „Les hormones thyroidiennes et les remaniements musculaires lors de la metamorphose des amphibiens anoures : etude par transfert de genes in vivo“. Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA11T005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCollin, Louis-Michel. „Caractérisation thermique de modules de refroidissement pour la photovoltaïque concentrée“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6167.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBreuzard, Gilles. „Mise en évidence de l'intégration membranaire de la mitoxantrone à l'échelle de la cellule vivante par spectroscopie Raman SERS et transfert d'énergie de fluorescence“. Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000294.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe nature of drug/membrane interaction remains in the multi-drug resistance an elusive parameter, though important to define the intracellular uptake of xenobiotic. The aims of this work were to develop different spectroscopic methods in order to analyse the insertion mode of mitoxantrone (MTX) in a resistant BCRP/MXR cell model. On the one hand, SERS spectroscopy (Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering) implicating an extracellular silver colloid to enhance Raman scattering of molecules at the surface of the plasma membrane was used. On the other hand, energy transfer from a membrane fluorescent probe to MTX allowed to determine insertion parameters of MTX in the two leaflets of the membrane. Raman scattering of MTX was observed after focusing the laser on a colloid nanoparticle in contact with the membrane of MTX-treated cells. These results were interpreted as a partial insertion of MTX on the plasma membrane. Moreover, a three-fold SERS intensity increase of MTX was observed for resistant cells, which was explained by a higher xenobiotic accessibility to the colloid. The comparison of insertion time-course investigated by fluorescence energy transfer revealed a similar quantity of membrane-inserted MTX molecules between two cell lines. In conclusion, SERS spectroscopy and fluorescence energy transfer allowed to analyse selectively anticancer molecules at the level of the plasma membrane. Changes of the membrane structure could be at the origin of incorporation differences of MTX
Breuzard, Gilles Millot Jean-Marc. „Mise en évidence de l'intégration membranaire de la motoxantrone à l'échelle de la cellule vivante par spectroscopie Raman SERS et transfert d'énergie de fluorescence“. S.n. : S.l, 2006. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000294.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGauthier, Frédéric. „Convection turbulente dans une cellule de Rayleigh-Bénard cryogénique : de nouveaux éléments en faveur du Régime Ultime de Kraichman“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10273.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection for Rayleigh numbers (Ra) up to 10^14, thanks to the use of cryogenic helium. We focused on the convection regime appearing at Ra≈10^12. This regime has been observed and interpreted 10 years ago in Grenoble, as the transition to the R. Kraichnan Ultimate Regime of convection (1962). Two signatures of this regime had been reported : an increase of the Nusselt number (Nu) and a qualitative change of the temperature fluctuations in the bulk of the cell. This last signature has been questionned by invoking a size effect of the sensors. First, we confirm the transition previously observed, with local temperature measurements, using a thermometer ten times smaller. This work is complemented with a study of the probe size effect on the temperature measurement. Thermometers, whose size ranges from 17 microns to 2 mm, were designed for this purpose. Then we indirectly observe an instability of the thermal boundary layer, which is in agreement with predictions on the Ultimate Regime. This observation is based on temperature fluctuations measurements of the bottom plate of the cell. This transition and the one observed on the heat transfer occur at the same Ra. Finally, we exclude the hypothesis that the transition observed on the heat transfer is due to a transition of the large scale circulation in the cell, thanks to the characterization of this circulation before and after the transition
M'batna, Jean-Paul. „Contribution à la modélisation tridimensionnelle du comportement termo fluidique d'une cellule de pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons“. Belfort-Montbéliard, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/60/17/07/PDF/M_BATNA_THESE_UTBM.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe fuel cell systems are integrated into a set of auxiliary constraints that are operating them. To consider a good performance, it is necessary to better control these aids in eliminating the maximum such constraints. Modeling is increasingly considered to provide an answer. Among these different types of models, there is that which is to treat the problem of water management, the main cause of flooding of sites reactive electrodes batteries. Such an approach can not be done without difficulty because it requires the coupling of several equations. By using a CFD code FLUENT, we deal in a real configuration of a type of model that can enable us to provide an answer to the problem of water status of the cell. This consists of determining some parameters of transfer at he heart of the battery as the cell temperature, relative humidity, partial pressures and the molar flow components
Vaysse, Laurence. „Développement de vecteurs non viraux pour le transfert de gène dans l'épithélium respiratoire“. Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28795.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHummel, Guillaume. „Entre silence, naissance et dégradation : vers la caractérisation de nouveaux mécanismes relatifs à la biologie des ARN de transfert et assurant l'homéostasie de la cellule végétale“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy thesis project aimed at figuring out new physiological aspects related to transfer RNA (tRNAs) biology in plants. It was divided in two parts. The first one consisted in describing from an evolutionarily point of view the genomic layout of plant tRNA genes (tDNAs) onto nuclear chromosomes. Contrasting with non-plant organisms, plant nuclear tDNAs exhibit a higher order in their chromosomal scattering. This is due to centromeric regions exclusion combined to highly conserved inter-tDNA distances and tDNA repeat clusters occurrences. Moreover, that part consisted in deciphering elements of nuclear tDNA transcriptional regulation. We brought evidences of epigenetic silencing mechanisms at clustered tDNA loci. As a perspective, we propose tDNAs might play a role in three-dimensional genomes orchestration. The second aspect referred to characterizing the biogenesis and functions of small non-coding RNAs deriving from tRNAs: tRFs. The results obtained demonstrate that RNases T2 as the predominant molecular actors for their biogenesis
Estève, Julie. „Transfert de gènes dans les cellules souches pluripotentes induites : application à la thérapie génique de l'hyperoxalurie primitive de type 1“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0280/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrimary hyperoxaluria type 1 (or PH1) is an inherited metabolic disorder related to the deficiency of the hepatic AGT enzyme (alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase), which is encoded by the AGXT gene. In PH1 patients, this deficiency leads to oxalate overexcretion by liver, followed by urine filtration and complexation with calcium to form massive calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis potentially leading to chronic renal failure. The only available curative treatment is combined hepatorenal allogeneic engraftment, which is currently limited by the availability of transplant donors, significant morbidity and mortality, and the need for long-term immunosuppressive treatment. The aim of our research project is to develop gene therapy for PH1, consisting in engraftment of genetically corrected autologous liver cells. Considering that adult hepatocytes are hardly available and expandable in vitro, we chose to explore the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to produce human liver cells for application in regenerative medicine. We derived and characterized iPSC lines from PH1 patient fibroblasts after transient expression of reprogramming factors delivered by Sendai virus vectors. We developed two additive gene therapy strategies by inserting a minigene encoding an optimized AGXT cDNA sequence using (1) a lentiviral vector designed for liver-specific expression and (2) homologous recombination process at the AAVS1 locus favoured by the targeted DNA cutting system “CRISPR/Cas9”. Finally, we highlighted therapeutic cassette expression after hepatic differentiation of genetically corrected iPSCs. These results pave the way for regenerative medicine for PH1 by transplantation of genetically modified autologous hepatocyte-like cells derived from patient-specific iPSCs
Roustan, Hervé. „Modélisation des transferts couples de charge et de chaleur dans un électrolyseur industriel de production de fluor“. Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0079.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMahi, Abdelkader. „Contribution a l'etude de la convection naturelle dans l'habitat : cellule type piece d'habitation en site reel, cas d'une paroi verticale chaude“. Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFavereau, Ludovic. „Matériaux moléculaires pour reproduire le schéma en Z de la photosynthèse et pour l'amélioration des performances des cellules photovoltaïques hybrides à colorant“. Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=17b3fe5d-49cd-4b3d-95fe-9411ca40a6ca.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis concerns the development of new photomolecular and hybrid systems (molecules chemisorbed at the surface of a n- and p-type semiconductor) to convert solar energy into electrochemical and electrical energy. The first two chapters involve the synthesis and the characterization of new molecular materials to mimic, for the first time, the Z scheme function of oxygenic photosynthesis. The concept proposed herein consists in electronically coupling two photoinduced charge separation processes brought about by two photons inside two distinct photomolecular systems: PS1 and PS2. Inside the same molecular architecture, the formation of the two charge separated states noted above brings on the production of a final charges separated state containing a strong oxidant and a strong reductant, similary to what occurs in natural photosynthesis. The final chapter deals with the sensitization of p-type semi-conductors for photovoltaic conversion. New organic dyes based on the diketopyrrolopyrrole unit were synthetized and characterized, allowing us to enhance NiO DSSC photoconversion efficiency. Moreover, the engineering of the “Dye-NiO” interface by a passivating layer offers the possibility to obtain higher photoconversion efficiency (PCE), and paving the way to new strategies to enhance the PCE of this type of device
Arnoux, Quentin. „Electronic and structural characterizations of a transparent conductive oxide/organic interface : towards applications for organic electronic devices“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066231/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe energy level alignment of hole-transport organic molecular solids with indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conducting oxide, has been characterized. The studied molecules, based on the dipyranylidene (DIP) structure, differ by the heteroatom (O, S and Se). Synchrotron photoemission electron spectroscopy has been used to determine the alignment, and we investigated the molecular orientation via X-ray absorption spectromicroscopy. By interpreting spectroscopic data in the light of DFT calculations, we found evidence of the presence of charge transfer from the molecules to the ITO, when they are in intimate contact with the substrate, at least for the O and S-DIPs. The hole injection barrier between the ITO Fermi level and the organic HOMO was obtained. Our experimental approach emphasizes the relationship between structural and electronic properties. These results were obtained during beamtimes in France (SOLEIL), Italy (ELETTRA) and Switzerland (SLS)
Couderc, Romain. „Etude du comportement thermique et électrique des cellules photovoltaïques en silicium cristallin sous concentration“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0054/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSilicon is largely used to produce solar cells but not for applications under concentration. Nevertheless, it has a great potential under concentration thanks to its low cost and the maturity of its industry. Moreover, it is possible to cogenerate electric and thermal power in order to increase the energy output. Cogeneration and concentration imply a higher operating temperature than under standard conditions. Thus, it is interesting to understand the thermal and électrical behavior of the cell as a functiton of its temperature. However the variation of the operating temperature is often ignored. In order to change this, we propose an electro-thermo-radiative model for crystalline silicon solar cells. It couples all phenomenon taking place in an illuminated solar cell. Thanks to this thesis, the importance of the thermal behavior is outlined. For example, the temperature variation as a function of the voltage that we confirmed experimentaly thanks to mesures of the cell temperature at Mpp and at Voc. One of the most important parameters in a silicon solar cell is the intrinsic carrier density, ni. The work on the electro-thermo-radiative model led us to propose a new semi-empirical temperature variation of ni. In addition to these theoretical analysis, we realized ionically implanted interdigitated back contacts solar cells (3IBC). Thanks to this work fewer process steps are needed and the improved metallization (Si/Ti/Ag) possibly lead an absolute Jsc gain of 0.72 mA.cm-2. The efficiency of the best 3IBC cell is 14.6% under 1 sun illumination with a particularly low series resistance (0.4 Ω.cm2) which confirm the potential of such cells for linear concentration
Salez, Thomas. „Effets thermoélectriques dans des liquides complexes : liquides ioniques et ferrofluides“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE040/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComplex liquids are promising material for low cost and wide scale conversion of thermal energy to electric energy, within a context of global warming and control of the energy consumption.In this work we showed that with a redox couple, ionic liquid (EAN and EMIMTFSI) based thermogalvanic cells present remarkable thermoelectric properties such as the Seebeck coefficient over 5 mV/K (Eu³⁺/Eu²⁺ in EMIMTFSI). Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that ferrofluids, colloidal solutions (aqueous or organic solvent based) of magnetic nanoparticles (maghemite), can be used to increase both the Seebeck coefficient and the electric current in liquid thermoelectric generators through unknown physical processes. The importance of reversible adsorption phenomena of the nanoparticles on the electrodes’ surface for the thermoelectric properties of these solutions was revealed. That can be further modified by a homogeneous magnetic field applied perpendicular or parallel to the temperature gradient. Without a redox couple, ionic liquids can be used to build thermally chargeable supercapacitors. They take advantage of temperature dependent electrical double-layer formation at liquid/electrode interfaces. Here, we studied these double-layer modifications in EMIMBF4/platinum through Monte-Carlo simulations. The results show substantial modifications in the thermoelectric properties when the ionic liquid is diluted in an organic solvent, acetonitrile. These results are qualitatively consistent with experimental measurements
Georgin, Eric. „Étude de l'effet piston au sein d'un fluide supercritique en milieux poreux“. Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13407.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNguyen, Huu Sau. „Cellules foetales impliquées dans des pathologies inflammatoires et tumorales de la gestation“. Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066204.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLegrand, Alain. „Liposomes cibles et vecteurs retroviraux pour le transfert et l'expression du gene de la preproinsuline i de rat dans des cellules eucaryotes“. Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFerreira, Victor Manuel. „Inversion de spectres infrarouges en émission thermique de la basse atmosphère terrestre enregistrés sous ballon par transformée de Fourier en visée au nadir : préparation de la mission spatiale IASI“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEskandari, Azin. „A preliminary theoretical and experimental study of a photo-electrochemical cell for solar hydrogen production“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to meet the energy and climate challenge of the coming 21st century, one solution consists of developing processes for producing storable energy carriers by artificial photosynthesis to synthesize solar fuels, in particular hydrogen, in order to valorize the solar resource. The understanding of these processes and the achievement of high kinetic and energetic performances require the development of generic, robust and predictive knowledge models considering radiative transfer as a physical process controlling the process at several scales but also including the various other phenomena involved in the structure or reification of the model.In this PhD work, the photo-reactive process at the heart of the study was the photo-electrochemical cell. More complex than the simple photoreactor, with a photo-anode and a (photo)cathode, the photo-electrochemical cell spatially dissociates the oxidation and reduction steps. Based both on the existing literature (mainly in the field of electrochemistry) and by deploying the tools developed by the research team on radiative transfer and thermokinetic coupling formulation, it was possible to establish performance indicators of photo-electrochemical cells.In parallel to the establishment of this model, an experimental approach was undertaken based first on a commercial Grätzel-type cell (DS-PEC) indicating the general trends of such photon energy converters with in particular a drop in energy efficiency as a function of the incident photon flux density. A modular experimental device (Minucell) has also been developed and validated in order to characterize photo-anodes of different compositions such as chromophore impregnated TiO2 electrodes for operation in Grätzel cells or Fe2O3 hematite electrodes (SC-PEC) where the semiconductor plays both the functions of photon absorption and charge carrier conduction. Above all, the Minucell device allowed to test, characterize and model the behavior of a bio-inspired photo-electrochemical cell for H2 production using at the photo-anode a Ru-RuCat molecular catalyst (developed by ICMMO Orsay/CEA Saclay) and at the cathode a CoTAA catalyst (developed by LCEMCA Brest). Minucell was used to characterize each constituent element of a photo-electrochemical cell and then the cell as a whole confirming the trends and observations obtained on energy efficiencies.This preliminary work opens up a wide range of research prospects, lays common ground between electrochemistry and photo-reactive systems engineering, and provides insights into the design and kinetic and energy optimization of photo-electrochemical cells for the production of hydrogen and solar fuels