Thematische Bibliographien / Cell-Less

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Cell-Less“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 21. Dezember 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Cell-Less"

Richardson, Lauren A. „Viral Cell-to-Cell Transmission—Why Less Is More“. PLOS Biology 13, Nr. 3 (17.03.2015): e1002095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002095.

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Van Zant, Gary. „Stem cell markers: less is more!“ Blood 107, Nr. 3 (01.02.2006): 855–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-11-4400.

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Okhonin, S., M. Nagoga, J. M. Sallese und P. Fazan. „A capacitor-less 1T-DRAM cell“. IEEE Electron Device Letters 23, Nr. 2 (Februar 2002): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/55.981314.

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Wright, Jill, und Brandt L. Schneider. „Cell Growth: When Less Means More“. Current Biology 24, Nr. 7 (März 2014): R283—R285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.02.044.

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Smith, Anastasiya, Josh Ludwig und David Hermanson. „Cell culture in immune cell therapies: do more with less“. Cell and Gene Therapy Insights 09, Nr. 04 (07.07.2023): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18609/cgti.2023.070.

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Yoon, Hyun-sik, und Kae-won Choi. „Distributed CPU-less Functional Split Structure and Distributed Precoding Method for Cell-Free MIMO Structures“. Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 46, Nr. 12 (31.12.2021): 2123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2021.46.12.2123.

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Alves, Tiago, In�s Coelho, M�rio Santos und Teresa Inês. „Mantle Cell Lymphoma, a less frequent presentation.“ Galicia Clínica 81, Nr. 3 (2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22546/57/1879.

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Mo, Allison, Simon J. Stanworth, Jake Shortt, Erica M. Wood und Zoe K. McQuilten. „Red cell transfusions: Is less always best?“ Transfusion 61, Nr. 7 (Juni 2021): 2195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/trf.16429.

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Hellmann, David B. „Giant-Cell Arteritis — More Ecstasy, Less Agony“. New England Journal of Medicine 377, Nr. 4 (27.07.2017): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejme1706439.

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Li, Wenyan, Fengjiao Deng, Huannan Wang, Yan Zhen, Fang Xiang, Yang Sui und Jianzhen Li. „Germ cell-less expression in zebrafish embryos“. Development, Growth and Differentiation 48, Nr. 5 (Juni 2006): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-169x.2006.00868.x.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Cell-Less"

Venkatagiri, Chellappan Mirunalini. „Fuel cell based battery-less ups system“. Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86026.

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With the increased usage of electrical equipment for various applications, the demand for quality power apart from continuous power availability has increased and hence requires the development of appropriate power conditioning system. A major factor during development of these systems is the requirement that they remain environment-friendly. This cannot be realized using the conventional systems as they use batteries and/or engine generators. Among various viable technologies, fuel cells have emerged as one of the most promising sources for both portable and stationary applications. In this thesis, a new battery less UPS system configuration powered by fuel cell is discussed. The proposed topology utilizes a standard offline UPS module and the battery is replaced by a supercapacitor. The system operation is such that the supercapacitor bank is sized to support startup and load transients and steady state power is supplied by the fuel cell. Further, the fuel cell runs continuously to supply 10% power in steady state. In case of power outage, it is shown that the startup time for fuel cell is reduced and the supercapacitor bank supplies power till the fuel cell ramps up from supplying 10% load to 100% load. A detailed design example is presented for a 200W/350VA 1- phase UPS system to meet the requirements of a critical load. The equivalent circuit and hence the terminal behavior of the fuel cell and the supercapacitor are considered in the analysis and design of the system for a stable operation over a wide range. The steady state and transient state analysis were used for stability verification. Hence, from the tests such as step load changes and response time measurements, the non-linear model of supercapacitor was verified. Temperature rise and fuel consumption data were measured and the advantages of having a hybrid source (supercapacitor in parallel with fuel cell) over just a standalone fuel cell source were shown. Finally, the transfer times for the proposed UPS system and the battery based UPS system were measured and were found to be satisfactory. Overall, the proposed system was found to satisfy the required performance specifications.

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Xu, Jie. „Labeled and Label-less Magnetic Cell Separation and Analysis using Cell Tracking Velocimetry“. The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1335296870.

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Moore, Jocelyn. „Post-transcriptional control of Drosophila pole plasm component, germ cell-less“. Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115700.

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Mechanisms of post-transcriptional control are critical to deploy RNAs and proteins asymmetrically to a discrete region of cytoplasm at the posterior of the Drosophila oocyte and embryo, called the pole plasm and thus allow differentiation of the germline. Research presented in this thesis investigates the post-transcriptional control of Drosophila pole plasm component germ cell-less (gcl ). Maternal gcl activity is required for germ cell specification and gcl RNA and protein accumulate asymmetrically in the pole plasm. gcl RNA, but not Gcl protein, is also detected in somatic regions of the embryo, and ectopic expression of Gcl in the soma causes repression of somatic patterning genes suggesting that gcl RNA is subject to translational control. I find that Gcl is expressed during oogenesis, where its expression is regulated by translational repressor Bruno (Bru). Increased levels of Gcl are observed in the oocyte when Bru is reduced (i.e., in an arrest heterozygote) and Bru overexpression reduces the amount of Gcl. Consistent with this, reduction of the maternal dosage of Bru leads to ectopic Gcl expression in the embryo, which, in turn, causes repression of anterior huckebein RNA expression. Bruno binds directly to the gcl3'UTR in vitro, but surprisingly, this binding is largely independent of a Bruno Response Element (BRE) in the gcl 3'UTR and depends upon a novel site. Furthermore, the gcl BRE-like region is not required to repress Gcl expression during oogenesis or embryogenesis. I concluded that Bru regulates gcl translation in a BRE-independent manner. In addition, I established the role of the gcl 3'UTR in gcl RNA localization and translation using transgenes that replace the endogenous 3'UTR with the alpha-tubulin 3'UTR or place it in tandem to the bicoid 3'UTR. I find that accumulation of gcl RNA in the embryonic pole plasm requires the gcl 3'UTR. Moreover, Gel is restricted to the pole plasm by translational repression mediated by the gcl 3'UTR and a limiting pool of trans-acting translational repressors. The phenotypic consequences of loss of this translational control are relatively mild, suggesting that gcl translation does not require stringent repression in the soma.

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Merlhe, Christopher. „Resource allocation in a cell-less context for 5G wireless networks“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENS042.

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L’augmentation significative du nombre d’utilisateurs ayant des besoins toujours croissants, l’émergence de nouveaux services et de nouvelles applications ont amené les réseaux mobiles à évoluer. Les travaux de cette thèse ont pour objectif de répondre à ces enjeux. La première partie de cette thèse s’intéresse particulièrement à l’allocation des ressources classique et fournit quatre contributions : une analyse de la diversité multi-utilisateur, deux nouvelles solutions d’ordonnancement et une nouvelle solution de routage. Les résultats de ces travaux montrent que ces contributions apportent des solutions pour répondre aux enjeux des réseaux mobiles 5G de demain en augmentant par exemple l’efficacité spectrale et l’efficacité énergétique, la qualité de service tout en réduisant le délai global des utilisateurs. Fort de ces résultats et des analyses qui en découlent, la deuxième partie de cette thèse se concentre sur l’allocation des ressources dans un contexte "Cell-less". Cette approche innovante permet notamment d’avoir une prise de décision de manière logiquement centralisée. Cela sied tout particulièrement à la gestion des interférences inter-cellulaires, où deux nouvelles solutions sont présentées dans cette thèse. Les résultats montrent une augmentation de l’efficacité spectrale et une réduction du délai des utilisateurs, particulièrement pour ceux en bordure de cellule. De plus, les résultats obtenus via l’approche "Cell-less" sont accrus grâce à l’utilisation du Joint-Transmission Coordinated MultiPoint
The significant increase of the number of users with ever-growing needs, the emergence of new services and new applications have led mobile networks to evolve. The main objective of this thesis is to respond to these challenges. The first part of this thesis focuses on classical resource allocation and provides four contributions: a multi-user diversity analysis, two new scheduling solutions and a new routing solution. The results of this work show that these contributions provide solutions to meet the challenges of tomorrow’s 5G mobile network, by, for instance, increasing spectral and energy efficiencies, increasing the QoS while reducing the user delay. Based on these results and the ensuing analysis, the second part of this thesis focuses on resource allocation in a "Cell-less" context. This innovative approach enables logically centralized decision making. This is particularly efficient for inter-cell interference management, where two new solutions are presented in this thesis. The results show an increase in spectral efficiency and a reduction in user delay, particularly for those located at cell-edges. In addition, the results obtained with the "Cell-less" approach are enhanced by the use of Joint-Transmission Coordinated MultiPoint

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Jin, Xiaoxia. „Investigation of Intrinsic Cell Magnetophoresis for Label-Less Cell Separation and Analysis and the Optimization of the CTV Instrumentation for Such Studies“. The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1268002273.

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Hejnol, Andreas. „Der postnaupliale Keimstreif von Porcellio scaber und Orchestia cavimana (Crustacea, Peracarida)“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14773.

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Malkostrake Krebse zeigen im postnauplialen Keimstreif ein invariantes Zellteilungsmuster und eine Zelllinie. Embryonen eines Isopoden (Porcellio scaber) und eines Amphipoden (Orchestia cavimana) wurden bezüglich ihrer Zelllinie vergleichend Untersucht. Mittels immunhistochemischer Färbungen wurde das Expressionsmuster der Gene engrailed und Distal-less in Hinblick auf die Zelllinie und die Morphogenese der Segmente und der Beinentwicklung analysiert. Die Zelllinie wurde bei Porcellio scaber mit der Methode der 4D-Mikroskopie untersucht. Mit Zellablationsexperimenten wurden Abhängigkeiten der Zellen untereinander aufgezeigt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen zeigen: I. Die Genexpression von Distal-less und engrailed wird unabhängig von der Zelllinie reguliert. II. Die Bildung der konvergenten einästigen Beine im Thoraxbereich beider Krebse erfolgt durch unterschiedliche Regulation des Gens Distal-less - bei Orchestia cavimana wird die Expression des Gens in den lateralen Zellen abgeschaltet, während diese Zellen bei Porcellio scaber erst gar nicht Distal-less exprimieren. III. Die Anwendung des Systems der 4D-Mikroskopie zeigte unter anderem, dass in den vorderen Reihen nichtektoteloblastischen Ursprungs bei Porcellio scaber die Zelllinie variabel ist und eine Zellsortierung und Zellimmigration stattfindet. IV. Die Ähnlichkeit der Bildung dieser Reihen bei Porcellio scaber mit der der Tanaidaceen lässt auf ein Schwestergruppenverhältnis der Taxa Isopoda und Tanaidacea schliessen. Die Dissertation enthält fünf Videoaufnahmen als separate AVI-Dateien.
Malacostracan crustaceans show in their postnaupliar germ-band an invariant cleavage pattern and a cell-lineage. A comparative analysis of this cell-lineage in an Isopod (Porcellio scaber) and an amphipod (Orchestia cavimana) was done in this thesis. Immunohistochemical stainings of the gene products Distal-less and Engrailed were used, to show the relation of these genes to the morphogenesis of segments and legs. Further, the cell-lineage of Porcellio scaber was analyzed with a 4D-microscope system. Cell-ablation experiments were used to show regulational networks in the development of the germ-band. The results of this work show: I. The regulation of the genes Distal-less and engrailed is independent of the cell-lineage. II. The morphogenesis of the convergent monoramous limbs in the thorax is reflected by different expression patterns of the gene Distal-less - in Orchestia cavimana the expression of Distal-less is switched off in the lateral cells, in Porcellio scaber these cells do not start the Distal-less expression. III. The 4D-microscopy analysis show, that the cell-lineage in the cellrows wich have a non-ectoteloblastic origin is not invariant. In these rows of cells show cell sorting. IV. The formation of these rows in the isopod Porcellio scaber shows similarity to the formation in tanaidaceans. A sister group relationship of Tanaidacea and Isopoda is strongly supported. This dissertation contains five video recordings as separate AVI files.

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Chowdhury, S. M. Sifat Morshed. „Adaptive Cell Balancing for Modular Battery Management Systems“. University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1589392523754789.

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Peeler, Edmund Joseph. „Epidemiological studies of clinical mastitis in British dairy herds with bulk milk somatic cell counts of less than 150,000 cells per millilitre“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364935.

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Troelenberg, Nicole [Verfasser], und Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Klingler. „Die Funktion von germ cell-less und homeobrain in der Differenzierung terminaler Identitäten im Kurzkeim-Insekt Tribolium castaneum / Nicole Troelenberg. Gutachter: Martin Klingler“. Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1075834376/34.

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Pereira, Thays Benites Camargo. „Identificação de diversidade genética em fitoplasmas com base na análise molecular dos gene 16S rRNA, SecY e Proteína Ribossomal“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-07012016-175356/.

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Os fitoplasmas são organismos procariotos sem parede celular, que habitam as células do floema das plantas e são transmitidos, principalmente, por cigarrinhas sugadoras de floema. Este patógeno é responsável por causar doenças em diversas espécies vegetais, provocando a expressão de diversos sintomas, entre os quais podem ser destacados a redução do tamanho foliar, amarelecimento das folhas, superbrotamento de ramos e enfezamento da planta hospedeira. Entre os anos de 2013 e 2014, plantas de três espécies vegetais com sintomas característicos de infecção causada por fitoplasmas foram observadas no estado de São Paulo. O DNA total foi extraído a partir de plantas de couve-flor com sintomas de nanismo, malformação da inflorescência e necrose dos vasos do floema; de plantas da ornamental conhecida por árvore-da-felicidade com sintomas amarelecimento e redução do limbo foliar; e de plantas de Alho-poró com sintomas de enfezamento. Por meio do teste de PCR conduzido em sua maioria com os primers P1A/16S-SR foi possível detectar fitoplasmas nas três espécies vegetais testadas. Os fragmentos genômicos correspondentes ao 16S rRNA dos fitoplasmas foram sequenciados e identificados. Nas plantas de couve-flor e da árvore-da-felicidade foram identificados fitoplasmas afilados ao grupo 16SrVII-B, através da análise virtual de RFLP, cálculo do coeficientes de similaridade (F) e análise filogenética. Para ambas as espécies, este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de representantes deste grupo, nas condições brasileiras. Nas plantas de Alho-poró foram identificados fitoplasmas afiliados ao subgrupo 16SrIII-J e ao grupo 16SrXIII, com base na análise dos genes 16S rRNA, SecY e proteína ribossomal, conduzidas através de análise virtual de RFLP, valores de coeficientes de similaridade e análise filogenética. Para o fitoplasma membro do grupo 16SrXIII foram identificadas quatro estirpes, uma delas afiliada ao subgrupo 16SrXIII-E e as demais como prováveis representantes de novos subgrupos. O presente estudo se constitui em uma contribuição ao conhecimento de novos patossistemas envolvendo fitoplasmas, bem como à caracterização molecular de fitoplasmas baseadas em diferentes genes marcadores, atualmente usados para a classificação de representantes deste grupo emergente de agentes causais de doenças de plantas.
The phytoplasmas are prokaryotic organisms without cell walls, which inhabit the phloem cells of plants and are transmitted mainly by leafhoppers sucking the phloem. This pathogen is responsible for causing diseases in various plant species, leading to expression of many symptoms, among which can be highlighted the reduction of leaf size, leaf yellowing, shoots proliferation and stunting of the plant host. Between the years 2013 and 2014, three plant species with characteristic symptoms of infection caused by phytoplasma were observed in São Paulo. Total DNA was extracted from cauliflower plants with symptoms of stunting, malformation of the inflorescence and necrosis of the phloem; ornamental plants known for Ming Aralia with symptoms yellowing and little leaves; and leek plants with symptoms of stunting. Through the PCR test conducted mostly with the primers P1A/16S-SR was possible to detect phytoplasmas in the three species of plants. The genomic fragments corresponding of 16S rRNA gene of the phytoplasma were sequenced and identified. In plants of cauliflower and Ming Aralia were identified phytoplasmas belonging to 16SrVII-B group through virtual RFLP analysis, calculation of similarity coefficients (F) and phylogenetic analysis. For both species, this is the first report of the occurrence of representatives of this group, in Brazilian conditions. In leek plants were identified phytoplasmas affiliated with 16SrIII-J subgroup, and the 16SrXIII group, based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA, SecY and ribosomal protein genes, conducted through virtual analysis of RFLP, similarity coefficient values and phylogenetic analysis. For the phytoplasma member of group 16SrXIII were identified four strains, one affiliated with 16SrXIII-E subgroup and the others as probable representatives of new subgroups. This study constitutes a contribution to knowledge of new pathosystems involving phytoplasmas and the molecular characterization of phytoplasma based on different marker genes, currently used for the classification of representatives of this emerging group of plant pathogens.

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Bücher zum Thema "Cell-Less"

Hamamoto, Takeshi, und Takashi Ohsawa. Floating Body Cell: A Novel Capacitor-Less DRAM Cell. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2011.

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Potts, Julie. Pay Less Attention to Your Cell, More Attention to Your Soul. Independently Published, 2022.

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Goldstein, Julia L. F. Material Value: More Sustainable, Less Wasteful Manufacturing of Everything from Cell Phones to Cleaning Products. Bebo Press, 2019.

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Material Value: More Sustainable, Less Wasteful Manufacturing of Everything from Cell Phones to Cleaning Products. Bebo Press, 2019.

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Goldstein, Julia L. F. Material Value: More Sustainable, Less Wasteful Manufacturing of Everything from Cell Phones to Cleaning Products. Bebo Press, 2019.

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Ferdek, Pawel, Wei Huang, Monika Jakubowska und Ole Holger Petersen, Hrsg. Spotlight on the Background Actors - Physiology and Pathophysiology of Supporting, Accessory and Less Common Cell Types in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Frontiers Media SA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88963-992-2.

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Kahn, S. Lowell. Bland Lipiodol-Assisted Thermal Ablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Herausgegeben von S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan und Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0073.

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Surgical resection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains the standard of care given the excellent reported outcomes for early stage disease, with 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates of 97% for pT1a and 87% for pT1b tumors after nephrectomy. Outcomes after partial nephrectomy are equally encouraging, with 5- and 10-year CSS rates of 92% and 80%, respectively, across all stages and 96% and 90%, respectively, for tumors less than 4 cm. Transarterial embolization prior to thermal ablation for RCC is far less frequent, but it is described in the literature. To date, there are no randomized controlled studies that demonstrate a benefit of combined therapy over radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or cryoablation alone. However, lipiodol is profoundly radiopaque, and utilization prior to RFA or cryoablation may aid in the visualization of the tumor.

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Farghaly, Samir A. Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0005.

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The standard management for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a combination of aggressive debulking surgery with residual tumor of less than 1 cm and platinum-based chemotherapy. However, a high percentage of patients experience disease recurrence. Extensive efforts to find new therapeutic options have been made, albeit cancer cells develop drug resistance and malignant progression occurs. Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to enhance progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with advanced EOC. Several preclinical and clinical studies investigated feasibility and efficacy of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) in EOC. The aim of this chapter is to present an overview of ACT in EOC, focusing on Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-restricted tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and MHC-independent immune effectors such as natural killer and cytokine-induced killer. The available data suggest that ACT may provide the best outcome in patients with low tumor burden, minimal residual disease, or maintenance therapy. Further preclinical studies and clinical trials are needed.

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Spinella, Philip C., und Jeffrey J. Bednarski. Hematology and Oncology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199918027.003.0013.

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Coagulopathy, thrombosis, and other hematological abnormalities are common in the pediatric intensive care unit . Current guidelines recommend red blood cell transfusion for a hemoglobin concentration less than 7 g/dL in critically ill, hemodynamically stable patients; platelets for a concentration less than 10,000 in nonbleeding patients; and cryoprecipitate in bleeding patients for fibrinogen values less than 100 to 150 mg/dL. Massive transfusion protocols that push blood products to the bedside are more practical than reactive protocols. Transfusion reactions include transfusion-associated acute lung injury and transfusion-associated circulatory overload. Hematologic crises in the PICU are commonly complications of other primary disorders. Sickle cell disease may lead to acute chest syndrome, sequestration crisis, and stroke, and require aggressive intervention. Oncological diseases produce hyperleukocytosis, tumor lysis syndrome, veno-occlusive disease, graft-versus-host disease, and sepsis in association with leukopenia. A relatively newly recognized disorder, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, requires early recognition and treatment to avoid adverse outcomes.

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Bunch, Chris. Haemolytic anaemia. Herausgegeben von Patrick Davey und David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0280.

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Haemolytic anaemias occur when the rate of red-cell breakdown is increased and exceeds the marrow’s capacity to generate new cells. Increased red-cell destruction, or haemolysis, may reflect a broad range of disorders. Some involve intrinsic defects in the red cell itself; in others, the red cells are normal but are subjected to external factors which lead to premature destruction. Many of the intrinsic defects are due to inherited disorders affecting the red-cell membrane, its enzymes, or haemoglobin. The marrow can normally compensate for moderate haemolysis by increasing red-cell production up to tenfold. Only when haemolysis is severe and the red-cell lifespan is reduced to less than about 15 days, or the marrow is unable to compensate, will anaemia occur. This chapter addresses the diagnosis, investigation, and management of haemolytic anaemias, including hereditary spherocytosis, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, haemoglobinopathies, and mechanical and immune haemolytic anaemias.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Cell-Less"

Bento, Leyre, Bertram Glass und Norbert Schmitz. „Large B-Cell Lymphoma“. In The EBMT Handbook, 777–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44080-9_86.

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AbstractThe most recent WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (Alaggio et al. 2022) classifies large B cell lymphomas (LBCL) into diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) NOS with distinct morphological and molecular (germinal center B-cell, activated B-cell) subtypes, high-grade B-cell lymphomas (with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements or NOS subtype), and other less frequent subtypes.

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Miyata, Shogo. „Label-Free and Damage-Less Cell Sorting System Using Dielectrophoresis“. In Current Human Cell Research and Applications, 39–56. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4256-1_3.

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Ignatov, Sergei Georgievich, A. G. Voloshin, G. P. Bachurina, S. Yu Filippovich und Ivan Alekseevich Dyatlov. „Is It Possible to Detect Less Than One Bacterial Cell?“ In Macro, Micro, and Nano-Biosensors, 57–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55490-3_4.

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Bejlegaard, Mads, Thomas Ditlev Brunoe und Kjeld Nielsen. „A Changeable Jig-Less Welding Cell for Subassembly of Construction Machinery“. In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 305–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99704-9_37.

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Verschoor, V. L., Y. Shimizu, S. Emara, A. Ali und T. Hankemeier. „Chapter 11. More with Less: Single-cell Metabolomics by Mass Spectrometry“. In Advanced Mass Spectrometry-based Analytical Separation Techniques for Probing the Polar Metabolome, 264–84. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839163524-00264.

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Tahir, Chenar A., Zoltán Pásztory, Charu Agarwal und Levente Csóka. „Electricity Generation and Wastewater Treatment with Membrane-Less Microbial Fuel Cell“. In Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology, 235–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2225-0_8.

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Yadav, Priya, und B. K. Das. „Memristor-based Memory Cell with Less Noise Margins and Storing Non-Binary Data“. In Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 183–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03002-9_46.

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Garg, Vivek, Brajendra S. Sengar, Nisheka Anadkat, Gaurav Siddharth, Shailendra Kumar und Shaibal Mukherjee. „Evaluation of Ga:MgZnO/CIGSe Heterojunction for Realization of All Sputtered Buffer-Less Solar Cell“. In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 383–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97604-4_58.

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Beale, Andrew D., Fatima H. Labeed, Stephen J. Kitcatt und John S. O’Neill. „Detecting Circadian Rhythms in Human Red Blood Cells by Dielectrophoresis“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 255–64. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2249-0_17.

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AbstractDielectrophoresis (DEP) enables the measurement of population-level electrophysiology in many cell types by examining their interaction with an externally applied electric field. Here we describe the application of DEP to the measurement of circadian rhythms in a non-nucleated cell type, the human red blood cell. Using DEP, population-level electrophysiology of ~20,000 red blood cells can be measured from start to finish in less than 3 min, and can be repeated over several days to reveal cell-autonomous daily regulation of membrane electrophysiology. This method is amenable to the characterization of circadian rhythms by altering entrainment and free-run conditions or through pharmacological perturbation.

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Xu, Bingfang, und Katie Powell. „Quality Control of an Isogenic H/N/KRAS-Less Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cell Line Panel“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 337–50. New York, NY: Springer US, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3822-4_24.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Cell-Less"

Park, Hang-Ah, Sejun Park, Min-Tai Yu, Ye-Chan Kim, Cheon Ho Park, Jung Hoon Lee, Jun Eon Jin et al. „Innovative Barrier Metal-Less Metal Gate Scheme Leading to Highly Reliable Cell Characteristics for 8th Generation 512Gb 3D NAND Flash Memory“. In 2024 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits), 1–2. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46783.2024.10631433.

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Chellappan, Mirunalini V., Maja Harfman Todorovic und Prasad N. Enjeti. „Fuel Cell Based Battery-Less UPS System“. In 2008 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/08ias.2008.273.

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Sciancalepore, Vincenzo, Konstantinos Samdanis, Rudraksh Shrivastava, Adlen Ksentini und Xavier Costa-Perez. „A service-tailored TDD cell-less architecture“. In 2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2016.7794957.

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Verma, Prashant Kumar, Pooja Punetha und Brajendra Singh Sengar. „Investigation of Buffer less Cu2ZnSnS4 Based Solar Cell“. In 2020 International Conference on Emerging Frontiers in Electrical and Electronic Technologies (ICEFEET). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icefeet49149.2020.9187011.

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Guohe Zhang, Zhibiao Shao und Zhigang Hu. „A Novel Capacitor-less 2-T SOI DRAM Cell“. In International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdrs.2007.4422257.

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Kim, Seungnyun, Sunho Park, Hyoungju Ji und Byounghyo Shim. „AOA-TOA based localization for 5G cell-less communications“. In 2017 23rd Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/apcc.2017.8304042.

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Asthana, Prateek, und Sangeeta Mangesh. „Capacitor less dram cell design for high performance embedded system“. In 2014 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacci.2014.6968474.

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Tran, Ha-Vu, und Georges Kaddoum. „Green cell-less design for RF-wireless power transfer networks“. In 2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377105.

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Singh, Shweta, Chandrakant Dwivedi und Anjana Pandey. „Electricity generation in membrane-less single chambered microbial fuel cell“. In 2016 International Conference on Control, Computing, Communication and Materials (ICCCCM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccccm.2016.7918216.

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Liu, Tao, Hui Li und Heng Zhang. „Zero Forced Precoding in Cell-Free System with Less Antennas“. In 2022 IEEE 17th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea54703.2022.10006195.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Cell-Less"

Jact. L52122 Mitigation of MIC using CP Under Disbonded Coating. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Januar 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011099.

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This report summarizes lab work carried out in a test cell in which line pipe steel was exposed under anaerobic conditions to a freshly prepared synthetic corrosion product consisting of iron sulfide and iron carbonate under a permeable �coating� barrier. Weight loss for the steel specimen was sharply reduced by application of CP with rates of corrosion for short term experiments dropping to less than 0.05 mm/year at potentials more negative than �950 mVCSE at the pipe surface. This value is in good agreement with past literature. Addition of a mixed microbial culture including SRB to the experiment gave similar results in terms of weight loss.

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Fouquet, Anne, Edgar Aragón und Marcia Campos. The Emergence of Successful Export Activities in Mexico: Three Case Studies. Inter-American Development Bank, Februar 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011328.

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This paper consists of three case studies of the emergence of three successful export activities in Mexico: avocado production, the manufacture of catheters, and call center outsourcing. Each case study discusses how companies, associations, and governments at various levels have addressed market failures and facilitated the provision of public goods necessary for each activity. The case studies additionally profile first movers in each activity and describe the positive externalities they provide to imitators, particularly diffusion of export knowledge. Also include in each case study is a counterfactual case of a less successful activity (mangos, stem cell banking, and other types of business process outsourcing, respectively) and a section on policy implications.

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Crisosto, Carlos, Susan Lurie, Haya Friedman, Ebenezer Ogundiwin, Cameron Peace und George Manganaris. Biological Systems Approach to Developing Mealiness-free Peach and Nectarine Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592650.bard.

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Peach and nectarine production worldwide is increasing; however consumption is flat or declining because of the inconsistent eating quality experienced by consumers. The main factor for this inconsistent quality is mealiness or woolliness, a form of chilling injury that develops following shipping periods in the global fruit market today. Our research groups have devised various postharvest methods to prolong storage life, including controlled atmosphere and delayed storage; however, these treatments only delay mealiness. Mealiness texture results from disruption of the normal ripening process involving disassembly of cell wall material, and creates a soft fruit texture that is dry and grainy instead of juicy and smooth. Solving this problem is a prerequisite for increasing the demand for fresh peach and nectarine. Two approaches were used to reveal genes and their associated biochemical processes that can confer resistance to mealiness or wooliness. At the Volcani Center, Israel, a nectarine cultivar and the peach cultivar (isogenetic materials) from which the nectarine cultivar spontaneously arose, and at the Kearney Agricultural Center of UC Davis, USA, a peach population that segregates for quantitative resistance to mealiness was used for dissecting the genetic components of mealiness development. During our project we have conducted research integrating the information from phenotypic, biochemical and gene expression studies, proposed possible candidate genes and SNPs-QTLs mapping that are involved in reducing peach mealiness susceptibility. Numerous genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and its signal transduction, cell wall structure and metabolism, stress response, different transcription factor families were detected as being differentially accumulated in the cold-treated samples of these sensitive and less sensitive genotypes. The ability to produce ethylene and keep active genes involved in ethylene signaling, GTP-binding protein, EIN-3 binding protein and an ethylene receptor and activation of ethyleneresponsive fruit ripening genes during cold storage provided greater resistance to CI. Interestingly, in the functional category of genes differentially expressed at harvest, less chilling sensitive cultivar had more genes in categories related to antioxidant and heat sock proteins/chaperones that may help fruit to adapt to low temperature stress. The specific objectives of the proposed research were to: characterize the phenotypes and cell wall components of the two resistant systems in response to mealiness- inducing conditions; identify commonalities and specific differences in cell wall proteins and the transcriptome that are associated with low mealiness incidence; integrate the information from phenotypic, biochemical, and gene expression studies to identify candidate genes that are involved in reducing mealiness susceptibility; locate these genes in the Prunus genome; and associate the genes with genomic regions conferring quantitative genetic variation for mealiness resistance. By doing this we will locate genetic markers for mealiness development, essential tools for selection of mealiness resistant peach lines with improved fruit storability and quality. In our research, QTLs have been located in our peach SNPs map, and proposed candidate genes obtained from the integrated result of phenotypic, biochemical and gene expression analysis are being identified in our QTLs as an approach searching for consistent assistant markers for peach breeding programs.

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Baumgartner, Franz, Cyril Allenspach, Ebrar Özkalay, Matthew Berwind, Anna Heimsath, Christof Bucher, David Joss et al. Performance of Partially Shaded PV Generators Operated by Optimized Power Electronics 2024. Herausgegeben von Ulrike Jahn. International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme, 2024. https://doi.org/10.69766/leof5152.

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Inhomogeneous shading on the PV generator leads to disproportionately high losses. As the potential of PV generation on roofs or façades is to be increasingly utilised in the coming decades, these cases will occur more frequently. The aim here is to provide an overview of the challenges and state-of-the-art technical solutions for partial shading. Current developments in PV engineering show that maximum performance lies in the combination between optimised module placement, the use of modules that are tolerant of shading and optimised power electronics. Shortly after the discovery of the solar cell, blocking or bypass diodes were used to solve the inhomogeneous currents of groups of solar cells arranged in series or parallel wiring. Even today, they are still the most efficient and robust solution for the majority of common shading PV applications. Due to the very high rated outputs of the solar modules and the presence of only three bypass diodes, high temperatures can occur on a locally shaded solar cell. This forces heat outputs of up to 200W or 100W in the butterfly module connection through the associated activated bypass diode, which must be dissipated by the most shaded cell. If additional small-area defects occur in this affected solar cell, hotspot peak temperatures can occur, which can lead to permanent damage to the module or the risk of fire. However, in order to prevent a third of the module output being lost in this case, four or more bypass diodes are now used in so-called shadow-tolerant PV modules. With a higher number of bypass diodes per module area, it is also possible to selectively bypass smaller, less efficient areas of the module, which leads to an increase in the module yield. The hotspot effects can also be comprehensively and robustly prevented by the small number of solar cells per bypass diode, provided the bypass diode is properly designed. The first manufacturers are beginning to place these shade-tolerant PV modules on the markets. Today, planners can also select different power electronics systems for the next step in system integration towards grid feed-in, i.e. the connection of the individual modules in the string. This is the classic series connection of all modules in the string to the input of the DC/AC string inverter (SINV), which leads to the highest yields for weak and medium shading. This applies, for example, to light shading with a chimney or a ventilation pipe, where no more than one tenth of the modules in the string are reached by the shade at the same time during the six hours around midday, even when using standard modules with only three bypass diodes. (see Table 1) With medium to heavy shading, the widely used DC/DC converters directly on the PV module (MLPE), often also called power optimisers, can be used profitably. However, the combination of shade-tolerant PV modules with conventional SINVs can often deliver comparable annual yields. However, if the optimisers are also used behind each module even with weak shading (allMLPE), they deliver less yield in total than the simple SINV, as their own DC/DC losses then have a negative impact compared to simple connectors. This only becomes apparent if the MLPE manufacturers' data sheet claims of 99% efficiency are not viable. The published measurements carried out in independent laboratories over the last four years are listed in this report, which suggest that losses are around 2% higher. As the differences in yield between the power electronics variants SINV and MLPE are usually less than four per cent in annual yield for light to medium shading, the above-mentioned real MLPE efficiency at the specific operating points plays the decisive role in planning the most efficient system. However, as the commercial PV software planning tools currently use these MLPE manufacturer specifications which are over estimated, no meaningful system comparison can be expected for these shading categories. In this report the results of annual simulations performed by some sophisticated simulation tools that take these real MLPE losses into account are discussed.

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Tran, Emily, Jasmine J. Park, Nandini N. Kulkarni und Vinay S. Gundlapalli. Left Facial Primary Leiomyosarcoma Misdiagnosed as Atypical Fibroxanthoma and Immunochemical Markers Relevant to Diagnosis: A Case Report. Science Repository, Februar 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.ajscr.2023.04.03.

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Soft tissue sarcomas are relatively rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin that generally make up less than 2% of all adult malignant neoplasms. Atypical fibroxanthoma is a benign soft tissue tumor often confused with malignant variants of similar tumors such as leiomyosarcoma due to similar staining markers and cell morphology. We report a case of a 70-year-old caucasian male who initially presented with a 2 cm exophytic left facial lesion that was misdiagnosed as atypical fibroxanthoma upon biopsy. The patient underwent a wide local excision of the growing 11 cm mass and immediate reconstruction with a cervicofacial flap and full thickness skin graft. Pathological analysis of the specimen revealed the final diagnosis as confirmed primary leiomyosarcoma. Both the patient’s biopsy report and the surgical pathology report revealed similar negative findings (desmin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, p63, SOX10) as well as similar positive findings (smooth muscle actin and CD68). Critical distinctions that led to a change in diagnosis from atypical fibroxanthoma to leiomyosarcoma emerged during the final pathological analysis, which revealed more widespread positive staining for smooth muscle actin and muscle-specific actin throughout the surgical specimen along with detailed cell and nucleus morphology of atypical spindle cells in the dermis and subcutis. This valuable information was not available during the initial biopsy when the lesion was smaller. It is possible that earlier diagnosis of primary leiomyosarcoma could have resulted in advanced pre-operative treatment and excision of the facial lesion, preventing involvement of surrounding areas such as the patient’s left eye, ear, and facial nerve.

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Splitter, Gary A., Menachem Banai und Jerome S. Harms. Brucella second messenger coordinates stages of infection. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699864.bard.

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Aim 1: To determine levels of this second messenger in: a) B. melitensiscyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate-regulating mutants (BMEI1448, BMEI1453, and BMEI1520), and b) B. melitensis16M (wild type) and mutant infections of macrophages and immune competent mice. (US lab primary) Aim 2: To determine proteomic differences between Brucelladeletion mutants BMEI1453 (high cyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate, chronic persistent state) and BMEI1520 (low cyclicdimericguanosinemonophosphate, acute virulent state) compared to wild type B. melitensisto identify the role of this second messenger in establishing the two polar states of brucellosis. (US lab primary with synergistic assistance from the Israel lab Aim 3: Determine the level of Brucellacyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate and transcriptional expression from naturally infected placenta. (Israel lab primary with synergistic assistance from the US lab). B. Background Brucellaspecies are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause brucellosis, the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide. Brucellosis is characterized by increased abortion, weak offspring, and decreased milk production in animals. Humans are infected with Brucellaby consuming contaminated milk products or via inhalation of aerosolized bacteria from occupational hazards. Chronic human infections can result in complications such as liver damage, orchitis, endocarditis, and arthritis. Brucellaspp. have the ability to infect both professional and non-professional phagocytes. Because of this, Brucellaencounter varied environments both throughout the body and within a cell and must adapt accordingly. To date, few virulence factors have been identified in B. melitensisand even less is known about how these virulence factors are regulated. Subsequently, little is known about how Brucellaadapt to its rapidly changing environments, and how it alternates between acute and chronic virulence. Our studies suggest that decreased concentrations of cyclic dimericguanosinemonophosphate (c-di-GMP) lead to an acute virulent state and increased concentrations of c-di-GMP lead to persistent, chronic state of B. melitensisin a mouse model of infection. We hypothesize that B. melitensisuses c-di-GMP to transition from the chronic state of an infected host to the acute, virulent stage of infection in the placenta where the bacteria prepare to infect a new host. Studies on environmental pathogens such as Vibrio choleraeand Pseudomonas aeruginosasupport a mechanism where changes in c-di-GMP levels cause the bacterium to alternate between virulent and chronic states. Little work exists on understanding the role of c-di-GMP in dangerous intracellular pathogens, like Brucellathat is a frequent pathogen in Israeli domestic animals and U.S. elk and bison. Brucellamust carefully regulate virulence factors during infection of a host to ensure proper expression at appropriate times in response to host cues. Recently, the novel secondary signaling molecule c-di-GMP has been identified as a major component of bacterial regulation and we have identified c-di-GMP as an important signaling factor in B. melitensishost adaptation. C. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements 1. The B. melitensis1453 deletion mutant has increased c-di-GMP, while the 1520 deletion mutant has decreased c-di-GMP. 2. Both mutants grow similarly in in vitro cultures; however, the 1453 mutant has a microcolony phenotype both in vitro and in vivo 3. The 1453 mutant has increased crystal violet staining suggesting biofilm formation. 4. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an abnormal coccus appearance with in increased cell area. 5. Proteomic analysis revealed the 1453 mutant possessed increased production of proteins involved in cell wall processes, cell division, and the Type IV secretion system, and a decrease in proteins involved in amino acid transport/metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid production, and iron acquisition suggesting less preparedness for intracellular survival. 6. RNAseq analysis of bone marrow derived macrophages infected with the mutants revealed the host immune response is greatly reduced with the 1453 mutant infection. These findings support that microlocalization of proteins involved in c-di-GMP homeostasis serve a second messenger to B. melitensisregulating functions of the bacteria during infection of the host.

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Semaan, Dima, und Linda Scobie. Feasibility study for in vitro analysis of infectious foodborne HEV. Food Standards Agency, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.wfa626.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a member of the Hepeviridae family capable of infecting humans producing a range of symptoms from mild disease to kidney failure. Epidemiological evidence suggests that hepatitis E genotype III and IV cases may be associated with the consumption of undercooked pork meat, offal and processed products such as sausages [1]. A study carried out by the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), found hepatitis E virus contamination in the UK pork production chain and that 10% of a small sample of retail pork sausages were contaminated with the virus [2]. Furthermore, studies have confirmed the presence of HEV in the food chain and the foodborne transmission of Hepatitis E virus to humans [reviewed in 5]. Likewise, Scottish shellfish at retail [6] have also been found positive for HEV viral nucleic acid and some preliminary studies indicate that the virus is also detectable in soft fruits (L Scobie; unpublished data). There are current misunderstandings in what this data represents, and these studies have raised further questions concerning the infectivity of the virus, the processing of these foods by industry and the cooking and/or preparation by caterers and consumers. There are significant gaps in the knowledge around viral infectivity, in particular the nature of the preparation of food matrices to isolate the virus, and also with respect to a consistent and suitable assay for confirming infectivity [1,3]. Currently, there is no suitable test for infectivity, and, in addition, we have no knowledge if specific food items would be detrimental to cells when assessing the presence of infectious virus in vitro. The FSA finalised a comprehensive critical review on the approaches to assess the infectivity of the HEV virus which is published [3] recommending that a cell culture based method should be developed for use with food. In order to proceed with the development of an infectivity culture method, there is a requirement to assess if food matrices are detrimental to cell culture cell survival. Other issues that may have affected the ability to develop a consistent method are the length of time the virally contaminated sample is exposed to the cells and the concentration of the virus present. In most cases, the sample is only exposed to the cells for around 1 hour and it has been shown that if the concentration is less that 1x103 copies then infection is not established [3,5,10,11].

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Urban, Angela, Ryan Strange, Andrew Ward, Giselle Rodriguez und Heidi Howard. Waste management and landfill facilities assessment using unmanned aircraft systems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), März 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46714.

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Finite and decreasing landfill space on Army installations is a significant concern. Efficient waste management is essential for achieving resiliency and extending the lifespan of remaining landfills. The purpose of this demonstration was to conduct independent performance tests of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) and their utility for providing landfill assessments in remote areas where physical presence is either dangerous or inefficient. An active, near capacity construction and demolition (C&D) landfill at Fort Gordon, Georgia, was identified for the demonstration. The flights, data requirements, and outputs generated by the sUAS flyovers were analyzed for efficacy in detecting cell capacity and subsidence. Each flight took 1–2 hours for mobilization, ground marker placement, flight, and postflight analysis. Volumetric and topographic surveys were analyzed in less time than is typical for traditional surveying methods. After initial setup of ground markers and rectification, sUAS flights save a significant amount of time. However, skilled individuals are required for flights and for processing and maintaining data. The technology is widely relevant to the Army, is commercially available, and offers an average of 30% cost savings in terms of manpower, repeatability, and equipment. The use of sUAS technology is recommended for monitoring and surveying Army landfills.

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Tzfira, Tzvi, Michael Elbaum und Sharon Wolf. DNA transfer by Agrobacterium: a cooperative interaction of ssDNA, virulence proteins, and plant host factors. United States Department of Agriculture, Dezember 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695881.bard.

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Agrobacteriumtumefaciensmediates genetic transformation of plants. The possibility of exchanging the natural genes for other DNA has led to Agrobacterium’s emergence as the primary vector for genetic modification of plants. The similarity among eukaryotic mechanisms of nuclear import also suggests use of its active elements as media for non-viral genetic therapy in animals. These considerations motivate the present study of the process that carries DNA of bacterial origin into the host nucleus. The infective pathway of Agrobacterium involves excision of a single-stranded DNA molecule (T-strand) from the bacterial tumor-inducing plasmid. This transferred DNA (T-DNA) travels to the host cell cytoplasm along with two virulence proteins, VirD2 and VirE2, through a specific bacteriumplant channel(s). Little is known about the precise structure and composition of the resulting complex within the host cell and even less is known about the mechanism of its nuclear import and integration into the host cell genome. In the present proposal we combined the expertise of the US and Israeli labs and revealed many of the biophysical and biological properties of the genetic transformation process, thus enhancing our understanding of the processes leading to nuclear import and integration of the Agrobacterium T-DNA. Specifically, we sought to: I. Elucidate the interaction of the T-strand with its chaperones. II. Analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the T-complex and its chaperones in vitro. III. Analyze kinetics of T-complex formation and T-complex nuclear import. During the past three years we accomplished our goals and made the following major discoveries: (1) Resolved the VirE2-ssDNA three-dimensional structure. (2) Characterized VirE2-ssDNA assembly and aggregation, along with regulation by VirE1. (3) Studied VirE2-ssDNA nuclear import by electron tomography. (4) Showed that T-DNA integrates via double-stranded (ds) intermediates. (5) Identified that Arabidopsis Ku80 interacts with dsT-DNA intermediates and is essential for T-DNA integration. (6) Found a role of targeted proteolysis in T-DNA uncoating. Our research provide significant physical, molecular, and structural insights into the Tcomplex structure and composition, the effect of host receptors on its nuclear import, the mechanism of T-DNA nuclear import, proteolysis and integration in host cells. Understanding the mechanical and molecular basis for T-DNA nuclear import and integration is an essential key for the development of new strategies for genetic transformation of recalcitrant plant species. Thus, the knowledge gained in this study can potentially be applied to enhance the transformation process by interfering with key steps of the transformation process (i.e. nuclear import, proteolysis and integration). Finally, in addition to the study of Agrobacterium-host interaction, our research also revealed some fundamental insights into basic cellular mechanisms of nuclear import, targeted proteolysis, protein-DNA interactions and DNA repair.

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McElwain, Terry F., Eugene Pipano, Guy H. Palmer, Varda Shkap, Stephn A. Hines und Wendy C. Brown. Protection of Cattle against Babesiosis: Immunization against Babesia bovis with an Optimized RAP-1/Apical Complex Construct. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573063.bard.

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Previous research and current efforts at control of babesiosis fall short of meeting the needs of countries where the disease is endemic, such as Israel, as well as the needs of exporting countries and countries bordering on endemic areas, such as the U.S. Our long-term goal is to develop improved methods of immunization against bovine babesiosis based on an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune protection and parasite targets of a protective immune response. In our previous BARD project, we established the basis for focusing on rhoptry antigens as components of a subunit vaccine against bovine babesiosis, and for additional research to better characterize rhoptry associated protein-1 (RAP-1) as a target of protective immunity. In this continuation BARD project, our objectives were to [1] optimize the immune response against RAP-1, and [2] identify additional rhoptry candidate vaccine antigens. The entire locus encoding B. bovis RAP-1 was sequenced, and the rap-1 open reading frame compared among several strains. Unlike B. bigemina, in which multiple gene copies with variant domains encode RAP-1, the B. bovis RAP-1 locus contains only two identical genes which are conserved among strains. Through testing of multiple truncated constructs of rRAP-1, one or more immunodominant T cell epitopes were mapped to the amino terminal half of RAP-1. At least one linear and one conformational B cell epitope have been demonstrated in the same amino terminal construct, which in B. bigemina RAP-1 also contains an epitope recognized by neutralizing antibody. The amine terminal half of the molecule represents the most highly conserved part of the gene family and contains motifs conserved broadly among the apicomplexa. In contrast, the carboxy terminal half of B. bovis RAP-1 is less well conserved and contains multiple repeats encoding a linear B cell epitope potentially capable of inducing an ineffective, T cell independent, type 2 immune response. Therefore, we are testing an amino terminal fragment of RAP-1 (RAP-1N) in an immunization trial in cattle. Cattle have beer immunized with RAP-1N or control antigen, and IL-12 with Ribi adjuvant. Evaluation of the immune response is ongoing, and challenge with virulent B. bovis will occur in the near future. While no new rhoptry antigens were identified, our studies did identify and characterize a new spherical body antigen (SBP3), and several heat shock proteins (HSP's). The SBP3 and HSP21 antigens stimulate T cells from immune cattle and are considered new vaccine candidates worthy of further testing. Overall, we conclude that a single RAP-1 vaccine construct representing the conserved amino terminal region of the molecule should be sufficient for immunization against all strains of B. bovis. While results of the ongoing immunization trial will direct our next research steps, results at this time are consistent with our long term goal of designing a subunit vaccine which contains only the epitopes relevant to induction of protective immunity. Parallel studies are defining the mechanisms of protective immunity. Apicomplexan protozoa, including babesiosis and malaria, cause persistent diseases for which control is inadequate. The apical organelles are defining features of these complex protozoa, and have been conserved through the evolutionary process, Past and current BARD projects on babesiosis have established the validity and potential of exploiting these conserved organelles in developing improved control methods applicable to all apicomplexan diseases.

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