Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Cebemo (Organization)“

From 22 to 24 June 1988, an international conference was held in The Hague, Netherlands, on “Humanitarian Assistance in Armed Conflict”. It was organized by the University of Leiden's Red Cross Chair of International Humanitarian Law, together with the National Red Cross Societies of Belgium (Flemish Community) and The Netherlands.The conference, which was attended by some 180 participants (with Her Royal Highness, Princess Margriet of The Netherlands, as the most distinguished among them) was opened by the Dutch Minister for Development Co-operation, Mr. Pieter Bukman. Professor René Jean Dupuy, professor of International Law at the College de France, Paris, gave the keynote speech at the opening session. Speakers during the three working sessions of the conference included representatives of the ICRC, the League, UNHCR, Médecins sans Frontières, Médecins du Monde, CEBEMO (the Dutch Catholic Organization for Joint Financing of Development Programmes), Save the Children Fund, Oxfam UK, and the academic world.

This study proposes that the Lean concept, which focuses on efficient project management and waste reduction, could be optimal for construction practices in Afghanistan. However, there are challenges in transitioning to Lean construction in the Afghan construction industry, including limited access to official training and awareness among project managers and coworkers, a lack of understanding about Lean concepts, reluctance to change due to existing managerial experience, and resistance to new methods. Very few organizations have some knowledge of the lean concept, but that is not adequate for them to implement it; the managers’ experience limits the usage of the lean method within the organizations. Moreover, the data indicated that the lean construction method is negligible. As well as absence of related knowledge and understanding of the lean concept, many organizations showed to be reluctant towards making any change, even if these changes will predominantly increase performance and better the quality and production standards of their organization. The accumulated data suggests that organizations have resisted the new tools and techniques provided by the lean construction philosophy and in some cases, it is not suitable and applicable to their organization. The study identifies four major challenges to a successful transition to Lean construction in Afghanistan: the state of war and lack of security, inadequate awareness and acknowledgment of Lean, cultural and human attitudes, and senior management's obligations.

Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the political action of the Brazilian Health Care Reform Movement (MRSB, Movimento da Reforma Sanitária Brasileira), particularly Cebes and Abrasco, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were obtained through the documental review of publications from the abovementioned entities, which describe their positions on government actions implemented between January 2020 and June 2021. The results show that the performance of these entities included several actions, most of them reactive and critical of the Federal Government’s role in the pandemic. Moreover, they led the creation of “Frente pela Vida”, an organization that brought together several scientific entities and civil society organizations, whose highlight was the preparation and dissemination of the “Frente pela Vida Plan”, a document that contains a comprehensive analysis of the pandemic and its social determinants, as well as a set of proposals to face the pandemic and its effects on the population’s living and health conditions. It is concluded that the performance of the MRSB entities reveals alignment with the original project of the Brazilian Health Care Reform (RSB, Reforma Sanitária Brasileira), emphasizing the relationship between health and democracy, the defense of the universal right to health and the expansion and strengthening of the Brazilian Unified Health System - SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde).

Abstract. Safety concepts regarding nuclear waste disposal in underground repositories generally rely on a combination of engineered and geological barriers, which minimize the potential release of radionuclides from the containment-providing rock zone or even their transport into the biosphere. Cementitious materials are used for conditioning of certain nuclear waste types, as components of waste containers and overpacks, as well as being constituents of structural materials at the interface between backfilling and host rock in some repository concepts. For instance, the preferred option for the disposal of high-level waste (HLW) in Belgium is based on the supercontainer design, which consists of a carbon steel overpack surrounded by a thick concrete buffer (Bel et al., 2006). In the event of formation water interacting with cementitious materials, pore water solutions characterized by (highly) alkaline pH conditions will form. These boundary conditions define the chemical response of the radionuclides, but also influence the behaviour of neighbouring components of the multi-barrier system, e.g. bentonitic or argillaceous backfilling and host rock. Hardened cement paste or Sorel cement are considered to be main sorbing materials present in the near field of repositories for low- and intermediate-level waste (L/ILW). Hence, interactions of radionuclides with cementitious materials represent a very important mechanism retarding their mobility and potential migration from the near field (Wieland, 2014; Ochs et al., 2016). While the quantitative description of the sorption processes (usually in terms of sorption coefficients, i.e. Kd values) is a key input in the safety analysis of nuclear waste repositories, detailed mechanistic analysis and understanding of sorption phenomena provide additional scientific arguments and important process understanding, and thus enhance both the quality of safety arguments and the overall confidence in the safety assessment process. Research at KIT-INE dedicated to the interaction of cementitious materials with radionuclides is conducted in the context of different repository concepts, including clay (low- and high-ionic strength conditions), crystalline rock or rock salt. Experimental and theoretical studies are performed within the framework of national (GRAZ, BMWi) and international (CEBAMA and EURAD-CORI, EU Horizon 2020 Programme) projects, extending to third-party projects with several waste management organizations in Europe, e.g. SKB (Sweden), ONDRAF-NIRAS (Belgium) or BGE (Germany). The combination of classical experimental (wet chemistry) methods, advanced spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations provides both an accurate quantitative evaluation and a fundamental understanding of the sorption processes. Examples of recent studies at KIT-INE on radionuclide behaviour in cementitious systems in the context of both L/ILW and HLW will be presented in this contribution to explain methodologies, scientific approaches and results. The present state of knowledge as well as main remaining uncertainties affecting the retention processes of radionuclides in cementitious environments under different conditions will be critically discussed, also in view of current international research activities and repository projects.

Este libro no es un informe de investigación sino el relato de una vida apasionante, pero incluye un minucioso informe de acciones en el terreno de la salud desde el punto de vista organizativo y administrativo, que son un aporte fundamental para la comprensión y el desarrollo de esas actividades en América Latina, en particular, en Brasil y Argentina. La actividad educativa de Mario no se limitaba al aula. También en su tarea de administrador y organizador enseñaba y transmitía saberes y prácticas. Prueba de ello son desde los remotos tiempos de la encuesta de morbilidad en Argentina hasta los multitudinarios congresos internos de la Fiocruz, donde su presencia era un estímulo permanente para que todos los funcionarios, de cualquier nivel, pensaran con fervor militante los procesos de la actividad. Toda su vida fue eso que postulé como la forma de incorporación de los descubrimientos que se realizan en las disciplinas que forman parte de las ciencias sociales. Esos productos no se incorporan a las prácticas profesionales mediante lo que es habitual en las ciencias fácticas —la incorporación tecnológica— sino a través de lo que llamé la militancia sociopolítica del científico social, de la que es un ejemplo —otra vez— paradigmático, el recorrido profesional de Mario. El compromiso militante de Mario era permanente, desde los tiempos de los equipos político-técnicos en Argentina, hasta la solidaridad política en el exilio primero y ya incorporado en plenitud a la vida brasileña, desde donde irradió ese compromiso hacia los diversos movimientos que luchaban con la consigna de la salud como deber del Estado y derecho del pueblo (CEBES, ABRASCO, el “partido sanitario”), y el permanente intento de una práctica centrada en la creación de un Servicio Único de Salud. Mario Testa Fragmentos del prólogo titulado “Una vida de novela”