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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Causes of work accidents“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Causes of work accidents"
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Kania, A., K. Cesarz-Andraczke, K. Więcek und R. Babilas. „Analysis of accidents in the context of work safety culture“. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 1-2, Nr. 94 (01.05.2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5120.
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Purpose: The article presents an analysis of accidents in the selected enterprise from the automotive industry. The analysis includes two workplaces: machine operator and warehouseman. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis of accidents at work in a selected production company includes the period from the beginning of 2016 to half of the 2018 year using the method based on the TOH model. This method determines three factors of accident causes: technical, organizational and human (TOH). Findings: In the paper, the workplaces analysis taking into account activities, type of work, working position and accidents at work is presented. The analysis of work accidents includes the age group, work experience etc. The TOH model determines causes related to accidental events. Research limitations/implications: The accidents at work are the result of a low or undesirable safety culture. Because of that, the safety culture should be constantly developed, maintained and continuously improved. Originality/value: Many methods and procedures can be used to investigate accidents at work. The TOH model is one of them. It determines the direct and indirect causes of accidents. Based on them, the corrective actions can be proposed and implemented.
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Einarsdóttir, Margrét, und Guðbjörg Linda Rafnsdóttir. „The prevalence, seriousness, and causes of teenage work accidents: A gender difference?“ Work 69, Nr. 4 (27.08.2021): 1209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-213542.
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BACKGROUND: Teenage workers are prone to a higher injury risk than adult workers, and adult men are prone to a higher risk of work injuries than adult women. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine whether gender differences exist in teenage work accidents, the level of the accidents, their causes, and the types of the injuries. METHODS: A survey was sent to a sample of 2,800 13–19-year-olds, randomly selected from Registers Iceland. The response rate was 48.6%. A chi-square test, CI 95%, was applied to measure gender differences. RESULTS: In total, 16.3%of the respondents had at least one work accident, and 1.2%, an accident that lead to more than one week’s absence from work. No gender differences were observed in the level of the accidents, but appeared in the types of injuries and their causes. Cuts were the most common injuries of the boys, but burns of the girls. Bone fractures were the most serious injuries of the boys, but sprains of the girls. CONCLUSION: Work accidents among teenagers are a particular threat to public health. Therefore, all stakeholders need to work together to prevent teenage work accidents in the future; and to keep in mind the gender diversity of the group.
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Dos Santos, Nailson Diniz, Tomi Zlatar, Felipe Mendes Da Cruz, Béda Barkokébas Junior und Eliane Maria Gorga Lago. „Reduction of work accidents through the implementation of containers for solid waste collection“. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Safety 4, Nr. 1 (20.04.2020): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2184-0954_004.001_0005.
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The activity of waste collection is fundamental for preserving human health and the environment. As the world population increases, so does the waste production, consequently leading to a higher number of professionals involved in the collection activity. The objective of this study was to identify the main causes of accidents in urban waste collection and to verify if the implementation of containers would reduce the number of accidents in the sector. The causes were identified by analyzing accidents in two waste-collection companies for 4 years. Company A had 3,859 employees with 756 registered accident cases, while company B had 2020 workers with 189 cases. In total, it was analyzed 945 accident cases from urban waste collection. One municipality from company A which implemented the highest number of containers was studied thoroughly to verify if the implementation of containers reduces the number of accidents. The analysis shows that the household collection had the highest accident rate, with 65.61%. Sharp materials and falls were the leading causes of accidents, representing 53% in the company A and 62% in the company B. After containers implementation, the number of accidents caused by sharp materials and falls decreased from 37 without the container in 2014, to 18 with the container in 2015, and 11 with the container in 2016. It was concluded that the implementation of containers improves occupational safety and health during the urban cleaning process. Further studies should be conducted in order to improve the working conditions in the urban cleaning sector.
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Pałęga, Michał, und Marcin Knapinski. „Analysis of Circumstances and Causes of Accidents Working in a Selected Industrial Undertaking“. New Trends in Production Engineering 2, Nr. 2 (01.12.2019): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2019-0097.
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Abstract The subject of this publication is to analyze the circumstances and causes of accidents at work in a selected industrial enterprise that provides services in the field of waterjet cutting and laser beam. The paper present the statutory definition of an accident at work and its basic categories (light, heavy, mortal and collective accident). It also discusses the most popular accident investigation method – the TOL method, which classifies the causes of accidents into three basic groups: material-technical, organizational and human. In the further part of the work the characteristics of the waterjet operator’s work station were made, including the scope of activities, possible occupational hazards and preventive actions. Next, the results of the analysis of the circumstances and causes of accidents at work were presented. In the period from 2013 to 2018 eight accidents were reported, resulting in minor injuries, such as cuts and cuts, fracture of the phalanx, overloading of the spine, leg twisting or knee injury.
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Mohamed Nasr, Mona, Fahd Kamal Kamel und Yasmen Samhan Abd Elwahab. „A survey on predicting oil spills by studying its causes using deep learning techniques“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, Nr. 1 (01.04.2021): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp580-589.
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<span>It’s so easy to know the accidents as it’s already happened and solving these accidents is immediately handled, but searching for a solution for these accidents, don’t deny the existence of reasons that made accidents happen. Knowing the source of accidents will help in avoiding them to occur in the future. It’s an important field in searching as some human lives depend on the safety of such a field, so it’s so important to use a powerful technique to define these reasons as the research point in spill accidents and predicting accidents and to predict the occurrence of the accident before its happening depending on its reasons that lead to that accident in past times so with similar conditions it might happen an accident but it needs a sufficient data and a powerful technique such as deep learning techniques that give very precise results and by using this tool an Intelligent Model will build to predict oil spilling. In this survey paper, related work will be discussed to enhance that work.</span>
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Menegon Bristot, Vilson, Kristian Madeira, Leopoldo Pedro Guimarães Filho, Marcelo Leandro de Borba, Cristina Keiko Yamaguchi, Jacir Favretto, Madalena Pereira da Silva, Vilmar Menegon Bristot und Luana Santiago Costa. „Analysis of the Causes of Labor Accidents in a Steel Industry in Southern Santa Catarina“. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, Nr. 12 (01.12.2020): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss12.2816.
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Over the years, manufacturing industries such as the steel industry have shown a significant increase in their productivity, this growth highlights themes that make up the development framework of this segment. In this context, there is a concern with the preservation of the employee's integrity, generating a state of alert for the risks existing in the production process, and the preventive measures that organizations must put in place to eliminate or minimize these risks, avoiding accidents. For the development of this project, occupational accidents are characterized as those that occur at the service of the company causing bodily injury with temporary leave of the employee. This type of accident is referred to as a typical accident, as they are caused within the work environment and must consider all aspects related to work, such as: the machinery, the task, the environment, the instruction for carrying out the activity and the organization of the work. job. This study aimed to analyze the causes of accidents at work in a steel industry in the south of Santa Catarina, identifying the influencing factors in the causes of accidents, characterizing the types of accidents at work, highlighting the productive sectors and the frequency with which these events occur , indicating possible improvements in the development of work activities. Accident data were collected and analyzed over a 10-year period, demonstrating the nature of the injuries and the agents involved in order to make it possible to reduce the occurrences of accidents in the analyzed productive sectors.
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Enn, Anni, und Eda Merisalu. „P.3.10 Causes and consequences of work accidents in estonian agriculture“. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A99.1—A99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.271.
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IntroductionWork accidents (WA) in agriculture are a problem all over the world. There are over 1,3 billion agricultural workers, that counts more than 50% of all the worlds’ workforce. Even if the most of work tasks become more automated, farmers, family members and farm workers are facing risks at work that are higher than in most other occupations. Many accidents involve the handling of machinery or animals. The costs of WAs are increasing, exhausting national economy as a whole. The aim of this study is to analyse the main causes and consequences of WAs in Estonian agriculture.MethodThe database of accidents in agriculture (2008–2017) has obtained from the Estonian Labour Inspectorate. WAs statistics is based on official reports of employers. Causes and consequences including injury severity, type and body region are described in the present study.ResultsThe main cause of WAs in agriculture is disregarding of safety requirements (28,9%), whereas more than half of cases remain unclear. Loss of control over animals or machinery (33,4%), falling and slipping (21,5%) and an attack or an assault by cattle (15,8%) are the main activity-based reasons of WAs. During the last decade the most were minor injuries (72,8%). By the type of injury most often wounds and superficial injuries (40,4%), bone fractures (25,6%) and concussion or internal injuries (16,2%) have been registered. Upper and lower limbs (35,7% and 33,6%) were the most often injured body regions.ConclusionsAgriculture is a sector with high accident risks, where injury rate shows steady tendency to increase. It is important to pay more attention on improvement of safety culture and prevention of work accidents in agriculture.
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Wright, Chris. „Routine Deaths: Fatal Accidents in the Oil Industry“. Sociological Review 34, Nr. 2 (Mai 1986): 265–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1986.tb02702.x.
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This paper is a study in the relatively neglected field of the Sociology of Accidents and is concerned with fatalities in the UK Offshore Oil Industry. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the social and organizational causes of these accidents. Common sense and expert opinion both present industrial accidents as products of extra organizational abnormality but evidence from this research locates the causes of accidents in work organization and dependence on bureaucratic rationality. In particular it is shown that the hazardous situations in which the accidents occurred were themselves largely the products of two aspects of the formal organization of work, the ‘speed-up’ and the practice of ‘sub-contracting’. It is demonstrated that the common sense equation of the ‘normal’ and the ‘routine’ inhibited recognition of the organization causes of these accidents. Finally it is argued that, since there is little support for the view that the accident were produced by unique working conditions in the offshore industry, it is therefore likely that the causes of accidents in this industry will be found to exist in other industries.
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Haider, Ahmed Basil. „Causes of accidents and evaluation of safety system in Northern Iraq construction projects“. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Sciences and Applications 1, Nr. 3 (15.07.2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47346/ijaesa.v1i3.45.
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Construction work involves some of the most complex operational actions, where many activities require to be carried out at the same time and place. The nature of this type of work, subsequently, makes it an extremely hazardous environment for workers. By constructing sophisticated and intelligent safety systems to make construction work and sites safer, and bypasses any unforeseen costs caused by accidents that can occur during the construction work. To construct such systems, it is required to know the causes behind accidents. So that, to improve the overall safety performance, there is a need to investigate the causes of construction accidents and to evaluate the current safety systems used to give a picture of the weak points in systems currently adopted. The awareness of these things can be used in formulating safer working environments for construction work. This paper identifies the causes of the accident and evaluates the present safety systems in different construction projects in Northern Iraq. The study has been conducted by reviewing literature from articles and books, plus applied quantitative approaches to collect data by applying a questionnaire survey prepared for this study to collect data from the sites’ users. The results of the current study show that the overall evaluation of the safety system is in poor condition, also found that there are many causes behind accidents. The most severe cause is considering safety as a second priority, and the study classified the causes into, unsafe actions and unsafe conditions.
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Smolarz, Anna. „Analysis of Accidents in Construction in 2015-2017“. Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 29, Nr. 4 (01.12.2019): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2019-0051.
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Abstract Worldwide, construction is a branch of the economy characterised by a high level of employee safety risks and a high accident rate. In Poland, over the last 20 years, the number of victims and the frequency of accidents in the construction industry have shown a decreasing tendency, but they are subject to large fluctuations. Current accident reporting methods focused on rigidly classified circumstances and root causes do not facilitate drawing general conclusions for the purpose of prediction. The paper presents an analysis of the number and characteristics of construction site accidents of the years 2015-2017 using data from reports of the National Labour Inspectorate. The preliminary analysis of available nationwide sources confirmed that every year nearly 50% of accidents that occur during construction works are falls from height. The analysis is intended as a starting point for further research on factors and causes of accidents at work in construction.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Causes of work accidents"
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Slavutzki, Luis Carlos. „Metodologia para avaliação e classificação de causas de acidentes do trabalho“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26534.
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Este trabalho propõe e testa uma metodologia participativa para classificação das causas de acidentes de trabalho. A dissertação aborda o assunto inicialmente revisando a evolução do cenário acidentário no país, desde a fase em que o Brasil era o “campeão mundial de acidentes” até o atual momento, para contextualizar a necessidade de atualização dos conhecimentos sobre as causas de acidentes. No referencial teórico estão compiladas as conceituações dos diversos tipos de causas de acidentes atualmente aceitas, resultando na elaboração de um diagrama com essas causas, organizadas de acordo com sua origem. Neste diagrama, as causas que são gerenciadas pelo empregado são agrupadas como Causas Comportamentais. Já aquelas causas que embora por vezes, tenham como último agente o empregado, são ou deveriam ser gerenciadas pela organização são agrupadas entre as Causas Organizacionais. Na discussão das causas comportamentais são destacadas as diferenças entre os erros de empregados treinados e experientes, chamados de Ações Não Intencionais, e os erros cometidos por pessoas sem conhecimento ou experiência. Na classificação são enfatizadas as diferenças entre as Violações cometidas com intenção de ganho de tempo próprio e redução de esforço e as Violações estimuladas pela organização. Na sequência, é feita a apresentação da metodologia para pesquisa e classificação de causas de acidentes e os resultados de sua aplicação em uma amostra de acidentes ocorridos em período recente em uma empresa do sul do país. O resultado da pesquisa demonstra que quantitativamente predominaram acidentes cuja causa principal é gerenciada pela empresa sobre aqueles cuja causa principal é gerenciada pelos próprios acidentados. Foi também identificado que as Ações Não Intencionais são a principal causa de acidentes dentro do grupo de Causas Comportamentais e que estas constituem o segundo tipo mais frequente entre todas as causas de acidentes de trabalho, prevalecendo sobre as violações e, por isso, merecendo estudos com vistas ao seu controle. Esta metodologia poderá ser aplicado como ferramenta adicional de gestão do processo de prevenção de acidentes.This study proposes and tests an interactive methodology for the classification of work accidents’ causes. The dissertation approaches the subject, initially, reviewing the evolution of the accidents’ scenario in Brazil, from the time that the country was the “world champion” of accidents to the present, to define the context for the need of updating knowledge about accidents’ causes. In the theoretical references there is a compilation of the conceptualization of the various types of accident’s causes accepted today, resulting in the elaboration of a diagram with these causes, organized according to their origins. In this diagram the causes managed by the employee are grouped as Behavioral Causes and those causes that, although have the employee as the final agent, are or should be managed by the organization, are grouped as Systemic Causes. In the discussion of Behavioral Causes are highlighted the differences between the errors of trained and experienced collaborators, called Unintentional Actions and those caused by inexperienced or untrained personnel. In the classification the emphasis is in the differences between the Violations caused with the intent of personal gains in time and effort reduction and those stimulated by the organization. Follows the presentation of research and classification’s methodology of causes of accidents and the results of their use on a sample of recent accidents in an industry in the South of Brazil. Researches’ results showed that accidents whose main cause is managed by the company are more quantitatively than those where the cause is managed by the accident’s victim. It was also found that Unintentional Actions are the main cause of accidents within the Behavioral Causes group and that those constitute the second more frequent kind of all causes of work accidents, above Violations and, deserving, for this reason, studies aimed at their control. This method might be used as an additional management tool in the accident prevention process.
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Soltani, Strömberg Maria, und Siri Englund. „Arbetsmiljö som medel för minskadesjukskrivningar och ökad lönsamhetinom byggverksamhet“. Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-92691.
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Byggindustrin är idag en av våra mest olycksdrabbade branscher i Sverige sett tillantalet sysselsatta inom branschen. Olycksfrekvensen ligger idag kring 11/1000sysselsatta och år. Statistiken visar att byggindustrin har fler sjukskrivningar på grundav olyckor än andra branscher, vilket givetvis leder till större utgifter i förhållande tillde andra på denna punkt. Ett sätt att öka intresset för säkerhet och arbetsmiljöfrågorinom byggverksamheten kan vara att undersöka de ekonomiska aspekterna. Det ärtydligt att sjukskrivningar är en stor kostnad för byggföretagen men finns det egentligennågon motsättning mellan lönsamhet och säkerhet?Syftet med studien är att undersöka kopplingen mellan arbetsmiljöarbete,sjukskrivningar och kostnader inom byggsektorn. Studien utförs för att kunna ge enoberoende rekommendation på vilka åtgärder inom arbetsmiljö och säkerhet som kanminska antalet sjukskrivningar på grund av arbetsolyckor. Tanken är att undersökavilka olyckor som bidrar till flest sjukdagar och därmed störst kostnader för företagen,samt se vilka grundorsaker som går att förknippa med dessaStudien tar endast upp sjukskrivningar där bakomliggande orsak är en arbetsolycka.Det innebär att arbetssjukdommar orsakat av arbetshygieniska förhållanden intekommer att beaktas. Detta för att begränsa studien till den typ av olyckor inombyggindustrin som bidrar till flest sjukskrivningar.Undersökningen har gjorts i form av en omvärldsanalys med avsikt att samlainformation och kartlägga ämnet. Information och statistik i detta arbete har i störstamöjliga mån baserats på vetenskapligt säkerhetsställd litteratur ochmyndighetsinformation. Rapporten baseras i stor del på den nuägesbeskrivning sompresenteras i kapitel 4 som redogör bakgrund och den nuvarande situationbyggverksamheten befinner sig i när det gäller arbetsmiljöarbete, olycksstatiastik samtorsaker och kostnader för sjukskrivningar vid arbetsolyckor. I kapitel 3 presenteras denlagstiftning som i Sverige ligger till grund för arbetsmiljöarbete.I denna studie har olika undersökningar kombinerats för att få fram ett resultat på hurmycket sjukskrivningar, orsakade av arbetsolyckor, kostar. Kostnaderna baseras påarbetsmiljöverkets och försäkringskassans olycksfallstatistik samt försäkringskassanskalkylunderlag för sjukskrivning [25]. För att uppskatta kostnader för olika typer avolycksfall, undersöks hur många sjukdagar de fem vanligaste orsakerna bidrar med. Detvisar sig att den sjukskrivningskategori som kostar arbetsgivaren mest är fall från höjdoch att de åtgärder som enligt många studier förebygger detta är att ha en städadarbetsplats.Slutligen kan det konstateras att det finns kopplingar mellan arbetsplatsolyckor,sjukskrivningar och kostnader för företag inom byggsektorn. Det finns även åtgärdersom kan ge effekt på minskade sjukskrivningar, exempelvis städning och information.Utöver detta pekas även projektering ut som en punkt där anpassningar förarbetsmiljön kan göras och på så vis minska sjukskrivningar och öka lönsamheten hosföretagen.The construction industry is one of our most injurious industries in Sweden today. Theaccident frequency currently lies around 11 per 1000 employees per year. Statistics showthat the construction industry has more sick leave due to accidents than other business,which of course leads to larger cost in relation to others industrial branches in this area.One way to increase the interest in safety and work environment issues in theconstruction industry can be to examine the economical aspects. It is clear that sickleave is a big cost for construction companies, but is there really any contradictionbetween profitability and safety?The purpose of this study is to investigate the connection between work environmentand profitability for companies in the construction sector. The study is carried out inorder to give an independent recommendation on which measures within workenvironment and safety that could be used to reduce the number of sick leave occasionsdue to work accidents. The idea is to investigate which accidents contribute to the mostsick days, and to see which root causes that could be associated with these accidents.The study only addresses sick leave where the underlying cause is workplace accidents.This means that occupational diseases caused by industrial hygiene conditions will notbe taken into account, this is to limit the study to the section which contributes themost to sick leave in the construction industry .The study has been conducted as an analysis of the surrounding world with theintention of gathering information and mapping out the subject. Information andstatistics in this research have, as far as possible, been based on scientifically securedliterature and government information. The report is largely based on the complieddescription of the current situation presented in chapter 4. This chapter describes thebackground and current situation for the construction industry in regards to legislation,work environment, accident statistics as well as causes and costs for sick leave in theevent of work accidents.In this report, various research has been combined to obtain a result on how much sickleave, caused by occupational accidents, costs. The costs are based on the SwedishWork Environment Authority and the Swedish Social Insurance Agency’s accidentstatistics as well as the Swedish Social Insurance Agency’s calculation basis for sickleave. In order to estimate the costs for different types of accidents, the number of sickdays for the five most common causes of injuries were picked out. It turns out that thecause of accidents that contributes to the highest costs for the employer is fall fromhight. It was also detected that according to many studies, the most efficient way toprevent fall from hight was to have a tidy workplace.Finally, it’s concluded that there are connections between work environment accidents,sick leave and costs for companies within the construction sector. There are alsomeasures that can affect sick leave, for example cleaning and information. Beyondthese, construction design is pointed out as an area where adjustments for the workenvironment can be made and though that reduce sick leave and increase profits for thecompanies.
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Massoco, Daniel Biazus. „USO DO MÉTODO ÁRVORE DE CAUSAS NA INVESTIGAÇÃO DE ACIDENTE RURAL“. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7502.
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The accidents at work cause thousands of deaths every day around the world and Brazil is considered one of the champions of occurrences. They are caused by many
factors of being human, organizational, machinery and equipment inappropriate; however, to facilitate the search for the factors that really cause these events were
prepared methodologies used for investigation of accidents in different areas and efficiencies. These can be called proactive, they are used before the occurrence of
the event or reactive methods that are applied after the occurrence of the incident, and are used as a basis of information to prevent further events. In Brazil was
adopted the Tree Causes Method that is used to investigate the causes of accidents without pursue the culprits, but find the factors that caused it being widely used in the
investigation of accidents. The objective of this study was to test the application of the method CTM in an accident at work in agriculture evaluate its efficiency front and the special found in this sector of the economy, with its use was possible the observation of the factors causing the accident that became evident in the construction of the tree causes. This showed that the factors causing the accident were linked to the behavior of the operator front variations occurred during the execution of the activity and also with the haracteristics of the work environment. The method is applicable in accidents of the work and very useful for professionals connected the area of security is an important tool for improving the conditions of the organizational work, because it allows some measures of control are taken from the information raised during the whole process.Os acidentes de trabalho causam milhares de mortes diariamente pelo mundo e o Brasil é considerado um dos campeões de ocorrências. Eles são causados por inúmeros fatores sendo de conotações humanas, organizacionais, de máquinas e equipamentos inadequados, no entanto, para facilitar a busca os fatores que realmente provocam esses eventos foram criadas várias metodologias de investigação de acidentes utilizadas em diferentes áreas e eficiências. Essas podem ser denominadas proativas, ou seja, são utilizadas antes da ocorrência do evento ou então métodos reativos que são aplicados após a ocorrência do incidente, e são utilizados como base de informação para prevenir novos acontecimentos. No Brasil foi adotado o Método Árvore de Causas de origem francesa que é utilizado para investigar as causas dos acidentes sem buscar os culpados, mas sim encontrar os fatores que provocaram o mesmo sendo muito utilizado na investigação de acidentes ocorridos nos setores secundários e terciários. Como o objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a aplicação do método ADC em um acidente de trabalho rural e avaliar sua eficiência frente as variabilidades e peculiares encontradas neste setor da economia, com a sua utilização foi possível a constatação dos fatores causadores do acidente que ficaram evidentes na construção da árvore de causas. Essa demonstrou que os fatores causadores do acidente estavam ligados ao comportamento do operador de trator frente as variações ocorridas durante a execução da atividade e, também, com as características próprias do ambiente de trabalho. Constatou-se que o método é aplicável em acidentes do trabalho rural e de grande utilidade para profissionais ligados a área de segurança sendo uma importante ferramenta para melhorar as condições organizacionais do trabalho, pois o mesmo permite que algumas medidas de controle sejam criadas a partir das informações levantadas durante todo o processo investigatório.
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Nseya, Cecile. „Bicycle accidents: An analysis of the causes of single bicycle accidents in Stockholm“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-364765.
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Bicycling has many advantages. For example, it emits less noise compared to motor vehicles, it is environmentally friendly, and bicycling, as a means of transport, gives people exercise. To encourage bicycling in Sweden, the Swedish government has promoted policies and proposals on national and local levels. At the same time, several pieces of research on bicycle use in Sweden show that more people are bicycling now than 60 years ago. STRADA’s (Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) reports also show that most people who are severely injured in traffic are bicyclists, and that most bicycle accidents occur in urban and metropolitan areas. Stockholm is a European city with a growing population. At the end of 2013 the population were 897 700 and it is predicted to grow by 25 % by 2030. The municipality of Stockholm is working on investment projects for bicyclists with the aim to increase accessibility and road safety such as special road safety measures at intersections that often aim at improving road conditions for both pedestrians and bicyclists, and better maintenance of bicycle paths, both in summers and winters. Critics and different debate articles about bicyclists` safety and accessibility point out that the investments that Stockholm municipality is making are not enough for meeting the growing population, especially for bicyclists. The aim of this study is to analyse the causes of bicycle accidents in the city of Stockholm. To help answer the research questions stated below, statistics on bicycle accidents were extracted in Excel from Strada and compiled in Excel using the Excel tool PivotTable and Analysis Tool Pak. The questions investigated in the thesis are as follows: when and where are bicyclists most likely to suffer an accident, why does the accident occur, and what causes are behind bicycle accidents at the chosen place of investigation? Five categorisations on the causes of single bicycle accidents were used and these were: operations and maintenance, road design, bicycle interactions, cyclists’ behaviour and conditions, and interaction with other road users. In addition to the above, a semi-structural qualitative interview was conducted with bicyclists who bicycle in or along the report's area of investigation. The results of this report show that single bicycle accidents in the investigated area have increased between 2010 and 2016, and that many bicyclists are not satisfied with the bicycle infrastructure in Stockholm.
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Leung, Sze-kwan. „Human aspects of container truck accidents : causes, effects and possible improvement measures /“. [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13762072.
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Tripaldi, Pietro. „Industrial accidents triggered by lightning: causes and consequences“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6388/.
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Natural hazards affecting industrial installations could directly or indirectly cause an accident or series of accidents with serious consequences for the environment and for human health.
Accidents initiated by a natural hazard or disaster which result in the release of hazardous materials are commonly referred to as Natech (Natural Hazard Triggering a Technological Disaster) accidents.
The conditions brought about by these kinds of events are particularly problematic, the presence of the natural event increases the probability of exposition and causes consequences more serious than standard technological accidents.
Despite a growing body of research and more stringent regulations for the design and operation of industrial activities, Natech accidents remain a threat. This is partly due to the absence of data and dedicated risk-assessment methodologies and tools. Even the Seveso Directives for the control of risks due to major accident hazards do not include any specific impositions regarding the management of Natech risks in the process industries. Among the few available tools there is the European Standard EN 62305, which addresses generic industrial sites, requiring to take into account the possibility of lightning and to select the appropriate protection measures. Since it is intended for generic industrial installations, this tool set the requirements for the design, the construction and the modification of structures, and is thus mainly oriented towards conventional civil building.
A first purpose of this project is to study the effects and the consequences on industrial sites of lightning, which is the most common adverse natural phenomenon in Europe. Lightning is the cause of several industrial accidents initiated by natural causes. The industrial sectors most susceptible to accidents triggered by lightning is the petrochemical one, due to the presence of atmospheric tanks (especially floating roof tanks) containing flammable vapors which could be easily ignited by a lightning strike or by lightning secondary effects (as electrostatic and electromagnetic pulses or ground currents).
A second purpose of this work is to implement the procedure proposed by the European Standard on a specific kind of industrial plant, i.e. on a chemical factory, in order to highlight the critical aspects of this implementation. A case-study plant handling flammable liquids was selected. The application of the European Standard allowed to estimate the incidence of lightning activity on the total value of the default release frequency suggested by guidelines for atmospheric storage tanks. Though it has become evident that the European Standard does not introduce any parameters explicitly pointing out the amount of dangerous substances which could be ignited or released. Furthermore the parameters that are proposed to describe the characteristics of the structures potentially subjected to lightning strikes are insufficient to take into account the specific features of different chemical equipment commonly present in chemical plants.
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Leung, Sze-kwan, und 梁士琨. „Human aspects of container truck accidents: causes, effects and possible improvement measures“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950668.
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Hernæs, Marthe Pernille Voltersvik. „Human related root causes behind oil well drilling accidents“. Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20384.
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Many accident investigation techniques and other methods used by the petroleum industry today list a set of underlying human related causes and subsequent improvement suggestions. Do these techniques address the root cause behind the problem so that the appropriate initiatives can be implemented? The focus of the present thesis was to determine the human related root cause of two major accidents in the North Sea. This in order to give recommendations to improve the safety levels in the organisation. In order to achieve the above-mentioned goals, the IPT Knowledge Model was adapted to the given accidents. The data input into the model was based on interpreted observations from former investigation reports. The analysis of the blowout on Snorre A and the well control incident on Gullfaks C resulted in 49 and 63 observations respectively. For both accidents, the Human Factor that was indicated to have the largest affect on the accidents was Training and Competency (29% for Snorre A and 19% for Gullfaks C). Lack of competence was indicated as the majority subclass. Collectively, management and supervision, or lack thereof, was also indicated as being a contributing factor to the accidents. These final results coincide with the findings in other investigation reports. However, these are more acute, indicating a specific area of improvement within the company. By increasing the competency levels within the company and ensuring that the leaders and management have the proper tools to follow-up their employees and their operations, the safety levels and culture will improve.
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Siddiqui, Sohaib. „U.S. Construction Worker Fall Accidents: Their Causes And Influential Factors“. FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1157.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the main causes of fall accidents and, to pinpoint the factors that influence the risk of falls in the U.S. construction industry. This study employed the Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) data from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to examine 9,141 fall accidents, recorded for the period of last 20 years. The results show that specialty trade contractors working on low-budget, residential housing and commercial building projects are more susceptible to fall accidents. In terms of fall height, 85% of the fall accidents occurred on heights less than 30 ft., and most of them are not equipped with a fall protection tool. The main contribution of this study is that it has specifically analyzed fall heights and the current state of usage of fall protection using actual accident data. Since there has been hardly any research done in the last decade to study falls in the U.S. construction industry, by examining the IMIS database; this study also presents updated analysis on fall accidents.
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Narine, Ganesh. „Causes and Prevention of Electric Power Industry Accidents: A Delphi Study“. ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7495.
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The electric power industry is very complex, dangerous, and challenging. The number of workplace accidents declined over the last decade, but worker injuries and fatalities continue to occur. The purpose of this Delphi study was to gain consensus regarding the most feasible and desirable methods to prevent accidents and deaths. The research question focused on gaining consensus from a panel of experts regarding the most desirable and feasible solutions to fatal and serious workplace accidents in the United States. The Bolman and Deal 4-frame model proved useful for understanding challenges within the electric industry and how workers and leaders can work together to best prevent accidents. Twenty-seven managers, trainers, supervisors, and workers, each with more than 10 years of experience in the United States electric power industry, responded to 30 items in the first round. The responses from the first round, where 70% or more of participants agreed, were analyzed using the NVivo 12 Plus software. Consensus occurred after each round: In the first round through the solutions participants provided. In the second round and later rounds, consensus occurred through acceptance of items with scores of 3 or higher on a 5-point Likert-type scale endorsed by 70% or more respondents. Participants decided if the solutions were desirable and feasible in the second round, and important and credible in rounds third and fourth. Participants concurred that organizational leadership, managers, supervisors, and workers were in different ways responsible for accident prevention. Supervisors and managers who communicated organizational priorities, and demanded strict compliance with policies, rules, and procedures, promote social change in a highly specialized industry.
Bücher zum Thema "Causes of work accidents"
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European Commission. Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities. Unit F4. Causes and circumstances of accidents at work in the EU. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009.
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Mayhew, Claire. Work-related traumatic deaths of British and Australian seafarers: What are the causes and how can they be prevented? Cardiff: Seafarers International Research Centre, 1999.
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Vangi, Dario, und Virginio Rivano, Hrsg. Ricostruzione della dinamica degli incidenti stradali. L'ambito giuridico, la strada, il conducente e il veicolo. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-398-2.
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The third and last instalment of the Firenze University Press work devoted to the reconstruction of road accidents, this book is an important complement to the two previous volumes by Dario Vangi and Virginio Rivano. Consisting of original contributions written by experts in each individual sector, the work explores the legal aspect of road accidents, consultancy and the rules of behaviour and then x-rays all the aspects relating to the road (from risk factors to containment devices), the driver (from reaction times to forensic medicine) and, finally, the vehicle (from safety systems to causes of fire and techniques of repair and estimates).
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Council, Bedfordshire County. Behavioural causes of road traffic accidents. Bedfordshire: Bedfordshir County Council, 1988.
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Tomkins, Nigel. Guide to accidents at work. Bristol: Jordans, 2008.
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What causes Jesus to work miracles? Tulsa, Okla: Harrison House, 1995.
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Farmer, David. Classic accidents: An insight into some common work accidents. Horsham, West Sussex: Kingwood Publishing, 1985.
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The blame machine: Why human error causes accidents. Boston: Elsevier, 2003.
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Malakh-Pines, Ayala. Career burnout: Causes and cures. New York: Free Press, 1988.
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Sarin, S. M. Traffic accidents in India: Facts, characteristics, causes & countermeasures. New Delhi: Environment & Road Traffic Safety Division, Central Road Research Institute, 1992.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Causes of work accidents"
1
Clarke, Sharon. „Causes of workplace accidents“. In Violence and Abuse In and Around Organisations, 315–37. 1 Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Psychological and behavioural aspects of risk: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315194868-15.
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Bruce, David J. Murray. „Accidents at Work“. In Promoting Employee Health, 224–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09062-4_15.
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Furnham, Adrian. „Accidents at work“. In Management and Myths, 20–21. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403990037_2.
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Hilton, Claire. „Difficult Diseases: Tuberculosis and Other Infections“. In Civilian Lunatic Asylums During the First World War, 213–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54871-1_7.
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Abstract The pre-war annual asylum death rate of under ten per cent rose to 12 per cent in 1915–1916, and 20 per cent in 1918. There was little alarm, because causes of death were the same as pre-war, often infectious diseases, so it did not indicate staff failing in their duty of care, such as if the rise been attributed to “accidents” or suicide. Little was done to stem the rising death rate. A parallel rise did not occur in community dwelling civilians. Numerous practices, known to be unhygienic, risked spreading infection. They included: treating healthy and infectious patients together in open wards; lack of hand washing by laundry and kitchen workers and by patients after using the lavatory; lack of measures to prevent inhalation of mycobacterium tuberculosis; and drying soiled underclothing in the ward to be worn again without washing. Overcrowding, understaffing and war time austerity aggravated the situation.
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Pheasant, Stephen. „Accidents, Errors and Interfaces“. In Ergonomics, Work and Health, 176–95. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21671-0_10.
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Dwyer, Tom. „A Sociological Theory of Industrial Accidents“. In Life and Death at Work, 87–160. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0606-9_4.
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„What causes accidents?“ In Managing Health and Safety at Work, 81–87. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080914695-28.
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Brown, Ian, und Martin C. Prevett. „Epilepsy“. In Fitness for Work, 540–61. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198808657.003.0024.
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This chapter on epilepsy reviews the epidemiology of epilepsy, including the classification of seizure types, causes of epilepsy, risks of seizure recurrence, and chances of remission, and examines the responsibility of the occupational health professional and sensible employee restrictions. It reviews primary and secondary prevention of epilepsy in the workplace and the impact of alcohol and drugs. It also considers the effect of antiepileptic drugs and other co-morbidities on work performance and special work problems, including disclosure of epilepsy, accidents, absence records, and employment practice. The chapter ends with a review of the medical services available, opportunities for sheltered work, and epilepsy support organizations, along with a brief discussion on relevant legislation and the driving licence regulations.
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Waterman, Lawrence. „Occupational safety“. In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 1388–92. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.090402.
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Any approach to occupational health must acknowledge that accidents in the workplace result in many injuries. Construction, agriculture, and primary extraction are the main causes of fatalities and serious injuries, but many more minor injuries result from all kinds of work. Health and safety law has developed with an emphasis on accident prevention that is based on designing and managing the working environment by (1) defining appropriate processes and work practices that are safe; (2) developing and maintaining a health and safety culture; and (3) influencing behaviour so that everyone is focused on the best and safest way to do their work....
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„Analysis of the causes of work accidents in Romania in the period 2011–2013“. In Occupational Safety and Hygiene III, 107–10. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18042-21.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Causes of work accidents"
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Williams, Trefor, und John Betak. „Visualization of Railroad Equipment Accident Causes Using Data Visualization Systems and GIS“. In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2239.
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The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how GIS and data visualization systems can be used to identify spatial relationships to add to our understanding of railroad accident factors. Examples are given of the spatial analysis of broken rail accidents and grade crossing accidents on GIS maps. Additionally, using the Weave data visualization system a data dashboard was constructed that shows the complex interaction between variables like track type, FRA track classification, train speed and track density with broken rail accident causes. The findings indicate that broken rail accidents occur most frequently in the Midwest. Possibly this trend is related to climate change and increased temperatures and precipitation in the United States. GIS visualizations also showed that many truck-trailer accidents at grade crossings occur in low population areas. This work indicates that GIS and data visualizations are a useful method of identifying trends in railroad accidents.
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Baybora, Dilek. „The Work Accidents and Occupational Diseases in Turkey and Its Place in the Social Security System“. In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00668.
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The work accidents and occupational diseases are very important especially in the industrializing countries. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO) every 15 seconds, a worker dies from a work-related accident or disease. Every 15 seconds, 160 workers have a work-related accident. Every day, 6.300 people die as a result of occupational accidents or work-related diseases–more than 2,3 million deaths per year. The economic burden of poor occupational safety and health practices is estimated at 4 per cent of global Gross Domestic Product each year. In Turkey, work accidents’ figures are very high but occupational diseases’ figures are not very high. There are several causes of this condition. In Turkey, the Work Accidents, Occupational Diseases and Maternity Act No. 4772 was accepted in 1947. The Social Security and General Health Insurance Act No.5510 was accepted in 2006. There are regulations about the work accident and occupational disease insurance in the Act. According to the Act, insured and the rights holders can obtain some assistance.
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Han, Chao, Zhichuan Guan, Yuqiang Xu, Huaigang Hu und Desong Wu. „A Blowout Accident Causative Model of Hydrogen Sulfide Oil and Gas Wells using DEMATEL and ISM Algorithms“. In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201032-ms.
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Abstract Blowout is one of the most serious accidents in the drilling process of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) oil and gas wells, often accompanied by the leakage of H2S and other toxic gases, which easily causes casualties and huge economic and environmental losses. Therefore, this article uses DEMATEL and ISM hybrid algorithms to establish a blowout accident-causing network model for oil and gas wells with H2S content, thus strengthening the risk management. In this model, firstly, the general causative factors of blowout accidents are extracted by accident statistics. Secondly, expert knowledge is adopted to determine the correlation matrix among factors. Thirdly, based on the DEMATEL algorithm, the degree of the relationship among the factors is analyzed. The importance degree (centrality) of each factor and its status as well as role (causality) in the accident-causing system are given. Finally, the ISM algorithm is used to classify the factors and establish an accident-causing network diagram with hierarchical relationship. The proposed model has been applied in a gas field containing H2S in East Sichuan, China. The results show that causative factors of blowout accidents can be divided into cause group and effect group according to the influence relationship among them. The cause group implies the meaning of the causative factors, and the effect group denotes the meaning of the causative factors. Hence, it would be necessary to control and pay great attention to the cause group factors beforehand. The key causative factors of blowout accidents are geological exploration technology, safety monitoring facilities and on-site safety culture, which belong to the cause group and are at the basic level of the accident-causing network diagram. This model has provided effective decision-making guidance for HSE work in gas field and reduced the incidence of blowout accidents. This model uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the causes of blowout accidents, not only considering the relationships between factors and accidents, but also considering the relationships between factors and factors. As a result, it provides decision-making basis for the prevention and control of blowout accidents in H2S oil and gas wells.
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Andaque, Gentil A., Olívia Pinho, J. Santos Baptista, Jacqueline Castelo Branco und Elizabete Nunes. „The occurrence of accidents and injury in mining shift worker influenced by food intake, a short review“. In 4th Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health. FEUP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-279-8_0065-0072.
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Introduction: Identifying factors that contribute to occupational accidents has been a general concern of companies in the present millennium. One of the factors identified is the quality and quantity of food, as well as meals times. In this context, the present systematic review aimed to identify how food intake influences the occurrence of accidents in shift work, with some focus, although not exclusive, on the mining industry. Methodology: The research-based literature was carried out in four electronic databases: Medline/PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. Have been combined the following words “occupational accident” and “food intake”; “mining injury” and “food choice”; “meal timing” and “workplace”; “eating at night” and “mining injury”;“Circadian rhythm” and “diet shift”; “Food safety” and “ Health risk”; “workplace accidents” and “food choice”. Results: It was possible to identify 24 articles related to food intake. To better understand the analysis, the results were organized into five groups: Author surname and year, Study type, Accidents/injury causes, risk factor, Conditions for accidents/injuries to occur. Through the groups of causes, it was possible to regrouped on three, which facilitated the discussion of the topic; food choice n=10 (42%) articles, eating habits n=9 (37.5%), and emotional commitment n=5 (20.5%), showed the relativity of food intake causes for the occurrence of accidents and illnesses in shift workers. Discussion: The reviewed articles demonstrated that the materialisation of accidents was due to the relationship between food intake and consumption of nutrient-poor foods in shift work. That can develop chronic diseases, metabolic disorders such as blood pressure abnormalities, blood sugar fluctuation (dyslipidemia, dysglycemia), and obesity, neurobehavioural performance. Foods contain high content As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Fe, and Mn above the recommended standards by the FAO/WHO. Sleep disturbance during the 12-hour shift interferes with circadian rhythm and, consequently,with performance. These factors can be related to food and the precarious physical environment, increased workload, fatigue and poor diet, especially at night. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study demonstrated how food intake impacted workers' health on shifts but did not determine the causes or risk factors contributing to accidents/injuries. Further studies are needed to demonstrate a direct relationship which the risk factor of food intake and causes accidents/injuries.
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Giacomelli, Daniela, Murilo Naldi und Elaine Faria. „Labor Accidents in Brazil: a Descriptive Analysis“. In Symposium on Knowledge Discovery, Mining and Learning. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/kdmile.2020.11970.
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Labor accidents cause several misfortunes, such as inconvenience to the injured ones, loss of laborproductivity, and public spending on aid and accident compensation. This work aims to search and characterize groupsof labor accidents, granting interpretability to the obtained results, to extract information that can be relevant to publicmanagers. The method proposed in this work consists of the following steps: data pre-processing; the applicationof two hierarchical clustering algorithms, HDBSCAN * and COBWEB; the evaluation of results using the SimplifiedSilhouette. The research demonstrated the susceptibility of male workers, focused on ages between 18 and 34 years old,with labor accidents that caused injuries on the fingers, by handling machines and equipment or manual tools, followedby those activities such as fishing. Considering clusters majorly composed by female victims, those related to work incellulose, paper, and related products stand out. Moreover, fingers are the most affected part, featured for incidentscaused by the handling of chemical, biological, or hand tools.
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Nakao, Masayuki, Toshio Miyamura, Kensuke Tsuchiya und Kenji Iino. „Preventing Misuse of Consumer Products“. In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47357.
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Accidents with consumer products originate from either product defects or misuse. These two explicit causes result from aging degradation, coupled design, or in some cases from causes that are unknown. We analyzed over 600 cases of past accidents with consumer products in the Japanese market. Of the 309 cases of product defects, 51% were caused by aging degradation, and coupled design was responsible for 66% of the 296 cases of misuse. Evaluation, from the viewpoint of axiomatic design, of these coupled design caused misuse cases revealed that over half of them had coupling of the operational functional requirement in the design stage. These cases consist about 38% of the 296 misuse cases. Instead of blaming the user for misuse, if the designer carefully removes such coupling in the design stage, such accidents can be avoided. In the actual design work, changing part configurations, or adding sensors or interlocks can decouple operational functional requirements.
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Leishear, Robert A. „Nuclear Power Plant Fires and Explosions: Part II — Hydrogen Ignition Overview“. In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-66278.
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Major accidents that were affected by hydrogen fires and explosions included Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and Fukushima Daiichi. Smaller piping explosions have occurred at Hamaoka and Brunsbüttel Nuclear Power Plants. An overview of pertinent topics is presented here to compare similarities and differences between these accidents. In particular, a hydrogen ignition mechanism is presented here, where fluid transients, or water hammer, may cause pressures to compress flammable hydrogen gas in reactor systems. As the gas compresses, it heats to temperatures sufficient to cause autoignition, or dieseling. Autoignition then leads to fires or explosions in nuclear power plant systems. To explain this evolving theory on hydrogen ignition during fires and explosions, various nuclear power plant hydrogen accidents require discussion. For example, Chernobyl explosions were unaffected by water hammer, while a Three Mile Island hydrogen fire was a direct result of water hammer following a reactor meltdown, and explosions that followed a meltdown at Fukushima Daiichi occurred during a water hammer event. Other piping damages also occurred during water hammer events. The primary purpose of this paper is to serve as a literature review of past accidents and to provide new insights into those accidents. In short, what is known versus what is unknown is discussed here with respect to the ignition sources of nuclear power plant fires and explosions. How can nuclear power plant safety be assured unless previous fire and explosion causes are understood? Prior to this work, they were not understood.
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SANTOS, RAMON OLIVEIRA BORGES DOS, LUIZ FELIPE FREIRE HONORATO, HENRIQUE CESAR SAMPAIO und PEDRO HENRIQUE COLMAN PRADO. „TECHNICAL PROPOSAL FOR ADAPTING CONVENTIONAL MILLING MACHINE TO BRAZILIAN REGULATORY STANDARD NR12“. In Brazilian Congress. brazco, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51162/brc.dev2020-00064.
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Industrial equipment and machine tools have major causes of accidents in the industrial sector, and in order to seek to offer a work environment that guarantees the health and physical and emotional integrity of workers, this study purpose to analyze a conventional milling machine in order to identify the risks and damages that it presents to its operator. Listed the accident risks, based on the brazilian regulatory standards, this is regulatory standard with specific name of NR 12, to propose improvements to reduce the risks of accidents in machine rotative. By identifying the possibility of adapting the equipment to brazilian legislation, it makes it safer for the worker and ensures that its operation will not be impaired. NR 12 can be established as a guarantee of security for employees when handling their equipment on a production line or in the operating area. Some standards contained in the cluster of brazilian regulatory standards will be cited to exemplify how the inclusion of this law is necessary and mandatory for the safety of all employees.,
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Zhang, Zhipeng, Xiang Liu und Zheyong Bian. „Analysis of Restricted Speed Related Train Accidents in the United States, 2000 to 2016“. In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6129.
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Railroads contribute to the national economy by carrying over 40% of intercity freight ton-miles in the United States. Train accidents cause damage to infrastructure and rolling stock, disrupt operations, and have the potential to result in casualties and damage the environment. A clear understanding and analysis of accident risk based on historical accidents can support the development and prioritization of effective accident prevention strategies. While extensive previous studies have focused on the safety risks associated with a variety of train operation conditions, much less work has been undertaken to evaluate train risk and safety under restricted speeds. As defined in 49 CFR 236 Subpart G, restricted speed is a speed that permits stopping within one-half the range of vision, but not exceeding 20 miles per hour. Nevertheless, some severe accidents at restricted speeds occurred in the last few years and are also highlighted in both NTSB and FRA reports. In this paper, we develop a quantitative analysis of restricted-speed accidents occurring between 2000 and 2016, based on the data from the U.S. Federal Railroad Administration. While overall accident rates have been proven to decline in prior studies, the preliminary results show that the rate of train accidents under restricted speeds fluctuates in the study period, without a significant increasing or decreasing trend. Furthermore, the distribution of restricted-speed accident severity, accident risk, and other pertinent characteristics are covered in this study.
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Seiniger, P., H. Winner und J. Gail. „Future Vehicle Stability Control Systems for Motorcycles With Focus on Accident Prevention“. In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59072.
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Vehicle Stability Control systems (VSC) for four-wheeled vehicles like the electronic stability program (ESP) helped to decrease the number of traffic deaths in Germany to an all-time low over the last ten years. However, the number of people killed in powered two-wheeler accidents has been almost constant over the same period of time. Vehicle Stability Control systems for powered two-wheelers (especially motorcycles) so far include only anti-lock brakes and traction control systems, both systems are not designed to work in cornering. Further stability control systems are not known up to now. The objective of this paper is to assess the technical possibilities for future Vehicle Stability Control systems and the amount of accidents that could be prevented by those systems. From an accident analysis, all accidents not avoidable by today’s VSC Systems have been analyzed. Only accidents while cornering without braking have been determined as potentially avoidable by future technical systems (braked accidents have been counted as preventable by improved today’s systems). The accidents can be caused by insufficient friction (e.g. slippery road surface, sand, oil or to high curve speed). About 4 to 8 percent of all motorcycle accidents are of this type. The data source for accident descriptions were interviews of motorcycle experts who were able to describe their own accidents and detailed accident descriptions from an accident database. The accident types have been investigated with driving experiments and computer simulation. With a vehicle model different ways to influence the critical driving situations could be analyzed and evaluated. Experiments and simulations showed an instable roll and side-slip angular acceleration of the motorcycle during critical driving situations. The sideslip rate proved to be a robust criterion for recognizing whether a driving situation is critical. The roll movement of the vehicle cannot be influenced with reasonable means, because neither the lateral tire forces can be increased nor stabilizing gyros can be used since the necessary angular momentum is to large for a feasible package. The vehicle sideslip rate can be influenced by braking the front or the rear wheel, thus generating a yaw moment to avoid the dangerous high-side type accidents when friction changes back from low to high. The motorcycle accidents influenced by this system are only a small portion of the mentioned accidents, so as a result of this study, the potential for future vehicle dynamic control systems that help prevent non-braking cornering accidents is estimated quite low.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Causes of work accidents"
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Kelly, Luke. Threats to Civilian Aviation Since 1975. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.019.
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This literature review finds that the main malicious threats to civilian aviation since 1975 are attacks by terrorist groups, deliberate or accidental damage arising from conflicts, and incidents caused by people who work for airlines or airports. While the sector has responded to hijackings and bombings with increasing security since the 1970s, actors seeking to attack aircraft have modified their tactics, and new threats such as liquid explosives and cyber attacks have emerged. Civilian aviation has seen relatively fewer accidents and deaths over the years, but threats remain. The review focuses on malicious threats to civilian aviation. It, therefore, excludes weather events or accidents. The first section lists major malicious threats to civilian aviation since 1975. It includes both actual and planned events (e.g. hijackings that were prevented) that are recorded in open-source documents. Each threat is listed alongside information on its cause (e.g. terrorism, state actions, crime), the context in which it occurred (broader factors shaping the risk including geography, regime type, technology), and its impact (on passengers, policy, security, economic). The second section discusses some of the trends in threats to aviation. Motives for malicious threats include terrorism, crime, asylum-seeking, and insider attacks by aggrieved or mentally ill airline staff. Hijacking has been the most common form of threat, although bombing or suicide attacks have killed more people. Threats may also take the form of accidental attacks on civilian planes misidentified as threats in conflict zones. Experts suggest that growing threats are cyberattacks and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, although neither has yet caused a major incident.
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Kofodimos, Joan. Beyond work-family programs: Confronting and resolving the underlying causes of work-personal life conflict. Center for Creative Leadership, Mai 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35613/ccl.1995.2005.
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Bunch, Howard M. A Study of the Causes of Man-Hour Variance of Naval Shipyard Work Standards (The National Shipbuilding Research Program). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada454329.
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RUBERY, JILL. Why is Women’s Work Low-Paid? Establishing a framework for understanding the causes of low pay among professions traditionally dominated by women. Oxfam GB, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2017.1138.
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Rudner, Tim, und Helen Toner. Key Concepts in AI Safety: An Overview. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20190040.
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This paper is the first installment in a series on “AI safety,” an area of machine learning research that aims to identify causes of unintended behavior in machine learning systems and develop tools to ensure these systems work safely and reliably. In it, the authors introduce three categories of AI safety issues: problems of robustness, assurance, and specification. Other papers in this series elaborate on these and further key concepts.
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Kaffenberger, Michelle, Danielle Sobol und Deborah Spindelman. The Role of Low Learning in Driving Dropout: A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study in Four Countries. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/070.
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Using unique longitudinal quantitative and qualitative data, we examine the role that low learning plays in driving dropout in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. Regression analysis using IRT-linked test scores and data on schooling attainment and dropout shows a strong, significant association with one standard deviation higher test scores associated with 50 percent lower odds of dropping out between the ages of 8 and 12, and a similar association between the ages of 12 and 15. Qualitative analysis indicates a direct relationship between low learning and dropout, with children and parents choosing to discontinue school when they realize how little is being learned. Qualitative findings also show that low learning interacts with and exacerbates more proximate causes of dropout, with low learning often contributing to choices of early marriage (for girls) and of leaving school to work (for both genders), with families making practical decisions about which options will best provide for children in the long run. Finally, learning, work, and poverty often interact, as the need to work to help provide for the household reduces the opportunities to learn, and low learning tilts the opportunity cost of time in favor of working. These findings suggest that low learning may play a larger role in dropout decisions, by underlying and interacting with other causes, than has been typically recognized.
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Rudner, Tim, und Helen Toner. Key Concepts in AI Safety: Interpretability in Machine Learning. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20190042.
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This paper is the third installment in a series on “AI safety,” an area of machine learning research that aims to identify causes of unintended behavior in machine learning systems and develop tools to ensure these systems work safely and reliably. The first paper in the series, “Key Concepts in AI Safety: An Overview,” described three categories of AI safety issues: problems of robustness, assurance, and specification. This paper introduces interpretability as a means to enable assurance in modern machine learning systems.
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Rudner, Tim, und Helen Toner. Key Concepts in AI Safety: Robustness and Adversarial Examples. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20190041.
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This paper is the second installment in a series on “AI safety,” an area of machine learning research that aims to identify causes of unintended behavior in machine learning systems and develop tools to ensure these systems work safely and reliably. The first paper in the series, “Key Concepts in AI Safety: An Overview,” described three categories of AI safety issues: problems of robustness, assurance, and specification. This paper introduces adversarial examples, a major challenge to robustness in modern machine learning systems.
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Foltz, Stuart, und Daniel Hooks. Lock operation improvements. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40402.
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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) owns or operates 236 locks at 191 sites (HQUSACE 2016). Although the locks at these sites generally perform reliably, more than half of these structures have surpassed their 50-year economic design life and as such, there are increasing concerns about their continued safe, reliable operation. This work was undertaken to review lock operating equipment, maintenance practices, records pertaining to accidents and equipment failures, and lighting systems; to identify alternative improvements to equipment and equipment maintenance practices; and to analyze and compare those alternatives to determine and recommend optimal solutions. This report documents some lessons learned, primarily to share information that others might find useful. Note that the recommendations in this report should not be viewed as policy, although some might be considered by those creating policy.