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Strandberg, E., M. Felleki, W. F. Fikse, J. Franzén, H. A. Mulder, L. Rönnegård, J. I. Urioste und J. J. Windig. „Statistical tools to select for robustness and milk quality“. Advances in Animal Biosciences 4, Nr. 3 (Juli 2013): 606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470013000162.
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This work was part of the EU RobustMilk project. In this work package, we have focused on two aspects of robustness, micro- and macro-environmental sensitivity and applied these to somatic cell count (SCC), one aspect of milk quality. We showed that it is possible to combine both categorical and continuous descriptions of the environment in one analysis of genotype by environment interaction. We also developed a method to estimate genetic variation in residual variance and applied it to both simulated and a large field data set of dairy cattle. We showed that it is possible to estimate genetic variation in both micro- and macro-environmental sensitivity in the same data, but that there is a need for good data structure. In a dairy cattle example, this would mean at least 100 bulls with at least 100 daughters each. We also developed methods for improved genetic evaluation of SCC. We estimated genetic variance for some alternative SCC traits, both in an experimental herd data and in field data. Most of them were highly correlated with subclinical mastitis (>0.9) and clinical mastitis (0.7 to 0.8), and were also highly correlated with each other. We studied whether the fact that animals in different herds are differentially exposed to mastitis pathogens could be a reason for the low heritabilities for mastitis, but did not find strong evidence for that. We also created a new model to estimate breeding values not only for the probability of getting mastitis but also for recovering from it. In a progeny-testing situation, this approach resulted in accuracies of 0.75 and 0.4 for these two traits, respectively, which means that it is possible to also select for cows that recover more quickly if they get mastitis.
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Bonifacio, Henry F., C. Alan Rotz und Tom L. Richard. „A Process-Based Model for Cattle Manure Compost Windrows: Part 2. Model Performance and Application“. Transactions of the ASABE 60, Nr. 3 (2017): 893–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12058.
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Abstract. A model was developed and incorporated into the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM, v.4.3) that simulates important processes occurring during windrow composting of manure. The model, documented in an accompanying article, predicts changes in windrow properties and conditions and the resulting emissions of C and N. Our objective in this article was to evaluate the performance of the compost windrow model. Model predictions were compared to published data from an independent cattle manure composting study that characterized static (no turning) and turned windrows composted over a 188-day period. The model did very well in simulating C and N losses for the turned windrow treatment, with predicted and measured cumulative C losses of 78% and 77%, respectively, and cumulative N losses of 55% and 57%, respectively, by day 99 of composting. By day 188 of composting, predicted cumulative N loss (56%) differed from measured (58%) by 2 percentage points only, whereas predicted cumulative C loss matched the corresponding measured value (80%). For the static windrow treatment, the model also did well in simulating cumulative C loss by day 99, with a difference of 5 percentage points between predicted (50%) and measured (45%) values. On the other hand, there was a difference of 12 percentage points between predicted (31%) and measured (19%) cumulative N losses for the static windrow by day 99. This discrepancy in simulating N loss for the static windrow treatment was not surprising, as the NH3 biofiltration effect of the finished compost cover on the actual static windrow was not modeled. After simulating the turning of the static windrow treatment on day 99, predicted and measured cumulative N losses by day 188 were equal at 44%. With the compost windrow model as a component, IFSM can be used to evaluate gaseous emissions from composted manure as influenced by windrow management practices and environmental conditions, along with other aspects of performance, environmental impact, and economics of cattle feeding operations. Simulating different composting strategies showed that addition of dry material to the cattle manure at the start of composting and turning of the manure windrow during composting produced a more stable organic soil amendment but caused greater carbon and nitrogen losses. Keywords: Cattle manure, Composting, Emissions, IFSM, Process-based modeling.
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Gaughran, Aoibheann, Enda Mullen, Teresa MacWhite, Peter Maher, David J. Kelly, Ruth Kelly, Margaret Good und Nicola M. Marples. „Badger territoriality maintained despite disturbance of major road construction“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 9 (03.09.2021): e0242586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242586.
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Road ecology has traditionally focused on the impact of in-situ and functional roads on wildlife. However, road construction also poses a major, yet understudied, threat and the implications for key aspects of animal behaviour are unknown. Badgers (Meles meles) have been implicated in the transmission of tuberculosis to cattle. There are concerns that environmental disturbances, including major road construction, can disrupt badger territoriality, promoting the spread of the disease to cattle. To address these knowledge gaps the ranging behaviour of a medium-density Irish badger population was monitored using GPS-tracking collars before, during, and after a major road realignment project that bisected the study area. We estimated badgers’ home range sizes, nightly distances travelled, and the distance and frequency of extra-territorial excursions during each phase of the study and quantified any changes to these parameters. We show that road construction had a very limited effect on ranging behaviour. A small increase in nightly distance during road construction did not translate into an increase in home range size, nor an increase in the distance or frequency of extra-territorial excursions during road construction. In addition, suitable mitigation measures to prevent badger deaths appeared to ensure that normal patterns of ranging behaviour continued once the new road was in place. We recommend that continuous badger-proof fencing be placed along the entire length of new major roads, in combination with appropriately sited underpasses. Our analysis supports the view that road construction did not cause badgers to change their ranging behaviour in ways likely to increase the spread of tuberculosis.
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Clegg, F. G., C. Wray, A. L. Duncan und W. T. Appleyard. „Salmonellosis in two dairy herds associated with a sewage farm and water reclamation plant“. Journal of Hygiene 97, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1986): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400065323.
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SummaryTwo dairy herds, situated on a sewage farm, were monitored for the presence of salmonellas following outbreaks of Salmonella dublin infection. In addition an S. dublin control scheme, which involved examination of adult animals and calf vaccination, was instigated.During the period 1975–84, 12 salmonella serotypes and 10 phage types of S. typhimurium were isolated from the cattle and their environment although their presence was seldom associated with disease. Two adult S. dublin excreters were detected but it was concluded that none of the tests employed to examine the adult animals was sensitive enough. The prevalence of disease in the calves was low and although vaccination may have been beneficial it did not eradicate S. dublin infection. Thus S. dublin persisted in adults and calves during the 8-year period but its presence was seldom associated with disease. The results are discussed with regards the disease risk to animals from the agricultural use of sewage sludge and the public health aspects.
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Ceballos, B. S. O., N. E. Soares, M. R. Moraes, R. M. R. Catão und A. Konig. „Microbiological aspects of an urban river used for unrestricted irrigation in the semi-arid region of north-east Brazil“. Water Science and Technology 47, Nr. 3 (01.02.2003): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0159.
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This study compared the behaviour of pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella and Listeria), faecal indicators (faecal coliforms FC and faecal streptococci FS), somatic coliphages and F-specific bacteriophages in an urban river contaminated with domestic sewage and surface run-off from agricultural and cattle grazing lands. The influence of physical and chemical parameters was also investigated as well as Salmonella and Listeria serotype diversity and drug resistance patterns. Faecal contamination was high (FC = 5 × 106 - 4 × 103 CFU/100 mL; FS = 4 × 105 - 2 × 102 CFU/100 mL) but decreased along the river by up to 99.5% following 47% reduction of BOD5 and 91% increase of DO, both associated with the self purification process. Somatic coliphages (6.9 × 105 - 1 × 103 PFU/100 mL) and F-specific bacteriophages (5.8 × 104 - 65 PFU/100 mL) behaved similarly with reductions of 99.85%. Salmonella and Listeria were isolated at all sampling points with highest frequencies (91-100%) at those with sewage discharge and rural water run-off. The lowest value (35%) occurred at the end of the river where it was (a) wider and shallower, (b) it ran slower and was warmer (29-33°C), (c) the pH was alkaline (8.2-9.9), (d) electrical conductivity (2,200-5,800 μS/cm) and DO (6-13 mg/L) were highest. Pathogen decline did not follow exactly FC and FS reduction patterns, while physical and chemical parameters apparently did not interfere with Salmonella and Listeria survival to the same extent as they did with FC and FS. Somatic coliphages and F-specific bacteriophages did not show more resistance than bacterial indicators. Catchment area contribution seemed to be more significant for pathogens than for indicators and rainy periods increased pathogenic isolation frequency. Five Salmonella serotypes and five serogroups were identified. S. hadar and serogroup E were predominant (50%); both are increasing in Brazil apparently from animal sources. Nearly 25% of Salmonella strains were resistant to at least one of twelve antimicrobials tested. Resistance to tetracycline was common (17%) followed by cefalotine (3%). Five Listeria serogroups were isolated and L. grayi (43%) and L. monocytogenes (9%) were present at all points. Listeria drug resistance rates were 100% for oxaciline followed by clindamicine (97%), tetracycline (34%) and vancomycin (32%). Both pathogenic bacterial strains presented resistance to the same drugs observed in humans and warm blood animals but the high number of sensitive strains and the low numbers of strains resistant to more than one drug was not expected because of the heavy anthropogenic impact in this basin.
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Melo Nunes Astolfi, Angelica Christina, Lucas Junior Da Silva Mota, Montcharles Da Silva Pontes, Leyzinara Zenteno Clemente, Etenaldo Felipe Santiago, Laércio Alves De Carvalho und Ivo De Sá Motta. „MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND ACCUMULATION OF NUTRIENTS IN Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. SEEDLINGS PRODUCED IN ORGANIC SUBSTRATES WITH DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS“. JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE 7, Nr. 3 (09.09.2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v7i3.4093.
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Environmental conservation and regeneration actions must consider plant species that add value by restoring structural and functional aspects of the ecosystem. The forest species, Peltophorum dubium, has several characteristics that make its use viable in projects of restoration of degraded areas, making it necessary to study the species' responses to different cultivation environments. Thus, 500 seeds were selected and sown in vermicompost substrates prepared with different proportions of cattle rumen content (CR) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) (V1 - 60% CR x 40% SB / V2 - 50% CR x 50 % SB / V3 - 40% CR x 60% SB / V4 - 70% CR x 30% SB) and in an commercial substrate (Plantmax®). At 79 days after sowing, 20 seedlings per treatment were removed; they were weighed and measured, resulting in growth, dry matter, and vigor data. The vermicompost substrates were sent to the chemical analysis laboratory to determine their chemical composition. The data were submitted to normality analysis. Analysis of variance was performed for normal data and the Kruskal Wallis test for data that did not show normality. The means or medians were compared using the Tukey test at a 5% probability level. Based on the results related to the growth and vigor of P. dubium seedlings, it is possible to state that the productive potential of the species was higher in the vermicompost substrates.
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Bhat, Somanath, Xi Luo, Zhiqiang Xu, Lixia Liu und Ren Zhang. „Bacillus sp. CDB3 isolated from cattle dip-sites possesses two ars gene clusters“. Journal of Environmental Sciences 23, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60378-6.
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Hegyi, Andreea, M. Păstrav und M. Rus. „Environmental And Economic Aspects Of Anticorrosion Protection By Hot-Dip Galvanized Method Rebars In Concrete“. Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 5, Nr. 1 (01.05.2015): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaes-2015-0003.
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Abstract The implementation of the sustainable development concept is nowadays a key issue in almost all human activities. For the constructions domain an European strategy has already been elaborated. Among its goals are also the use of long lasting materials and the reduction of repair costs. This paper presents an interdisciplinary study concerning the efficiency of the use of hot-dip galvanized rebar for concrete structures. Experimental results about corrosion kinetics of coated and usual steel reinforcement embedded in concrete, subjected to chlorine ions attack, are analyzed. Electrochemical methods as chronoamperometry and linear polarization have been used. Corrosion potential values recorded for galvanized steel embedded in concrete indicate an uncertain corrosion activation process up to a rate of 2.5 % calcium chloride relative to concrete. For rates of 5% CaCl2 and more the corrosion process is activated. For unprotected steel bars embedded in concrete the corrosion activation process started at all calcium chloride studied rates and higher corrosion potential values has been registered than for the hot-dip galvanized ones, at the same rates. Economical assessments have been done using entire lifetime cost analysis of the reinforced concrete structures. Despite that the hot-dip galvanization is a rather expansive procedure, when taking into account the whole expected life span, the use of zinc coating proves to be efficient both from structural and financial approaches.
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McLaren, R. G., R. Naidu, J. Smith und K. G. Tiller. „Fractionation and Distribution of Arsenic in Soils Contaminated by Cattle Dip“. Journal of Environmental Quality 27, Nr. 2 (März 1998): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700020015x.
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Zairiful, A. A. Candra und N. Irwani. „Environmental Aspect Beef Cattle on Smallholder Farms“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1012, Nr. 1 (01.04.2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1012/1/012002.
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Abstract Public awareness of the importance of animal protein makes meat as one of the livestock products that is increasingly in demand. Beef cattle are one of the most popular livestock in the livestock sector. The ability of beef cattle to produce meat in both quality and quantity is influenced by genetic and environmental aspects. Environmental aspects that influence are maintenance, feed, reproductive management and health. One of the efforts to increase beef cattle productivity is through disease control. One of the diseases that cause reduced live weight of beef cattle is intestinal worms. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of helminthiasis in one of the people’s beef cattle centers, namely Negeri Katon sub-district, Pesawaran district. Stool samples were taken from smallholder farmers, then tested by the flotation method. The positive sample is then followed by an identification test to analyze the type of parasitic worm that infects. To determine the severity of infection, eggs per gram of stool were tested using the whitlock method. The prevalence of helminthiasis in the sub-district of Negeri Katon, Pesawaran Regency is 85.15%. The worms that infect the beef cattle in the sub-district of Negeri Katon, Pesawaran Regency are species of Mecistocirrus, Moniezia, Toxocara, Haemonchus sp. Nematodirus, Bunostomum, Cooperis, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, Trichuris and Ostertagia sp. The highest worm/helmint infection in smallholder beef cattle in the Negeri Katon district was infection by Mecistocirrus, Haemonchus and Oesophagostomum. The moderate degree of worm infection is infection caused by Haemonchus sp, Nematodirus, Bunostomum, Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, Trichuris, Ostertagia sp, Mecistocirrus, Moniezia, and Toxocara.
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CHOPRA, B., S. BHAT, I. MIKHEENKO, Z. XU, Y. YANG, X. LUO, H. CHEN, L. VANZWIETEN, R. LILLEY und R. ZHANG. „The characteristics of rhizosphere microbes associated with plants in arsenic-contaminated soils from cattle dip sites“. Science of The Total Environment 378, Nr. 3 (01.06.2007): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.02.036.
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Ha, Jiyeon, Cady R. Engler und James R. Wild. „Biodegradation of chlorferon and diethylthiophosphate by consortia enriched from waste cattle dip solution“. Bioresource Technology 98, Nr. 10 (Juli 2007): 1916–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.07.038.
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Rasmussen, Mark A., und Thomas A. Casey. „Environmental and Food Safety Aspects ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 Infections in Cattle“. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 27, Nr. 2 (Januar 2001): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20014091096701.
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Nisa, Chairun, Ratna Winandi und Netti Tinaprilla. „ANALISIS KELAYAKAN INVESTASI PENGGEMUKAN SAPI POTONG (KASUS: PT CATUR MITRA TARUMA, KABUPATEN BOGOR)“. Forum Agribisnis 4, Nr. 1 (01.03.2014): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.4.1.35-52.
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A gap between national beef consumption and beef production becomes an opportunity for beef cattle fattening business. The purpose of this research is to analyze the feasibility of beef cattle fattening. The research was conducted at the main office of PT Catur Mitra Taruma at South Jakarta and its feedlot stall at Desa Cariu, Kabupaten Bogor. Aqualitative analysis method was used to analyze the non-financial feasibility, that covered market aspects, technical aspects, management and law aspects, and also social, economic, and environmental aspects. The financial feasibility was analyzed quantitatively by investment criteria and switching value analysis. The result shows that beef cattle fattening in PT Catur Mitra Taruma is feasibleand it is more sensitive to the decreasing sales of beef cattle than to the increasing price of feed.
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Spiric, Aurelija, und Snezana Saicic. „Monitoring Chlorinated Pesticides and Toxic Elements in Tissues of Food-Producing Animals in Yugoslavia“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 81, Nr. 6 (01.11.1998): 1240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.6.1240.
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Abstract According to the established monitoring program in Yugoslavia, 941 swine, 561 cattle, and 358 lamb samples collected during a 5-year period were analyzed for chlorinated pesticide residues. Less than 10% of the examined samples contained residues of HCB (hexachlorobenzene), HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane), lindane (ɤ-hexachlorocyclohexane), and total DDT (p,p′-DDT and metabolites) at concentrations greater than the lowest detectable limit. None of the swine and cattle samples exceeded the residue limit (RL). Among lamb samples, 2.5% contained lindane residues exceeding the RL, with a mean of 4.75 mg/kg. This finding suggests lindane's improper use as a veterinary pesticide, probably as a sheep-dip for destroying ectoparasites. During the same period, 849 swine, 584 cattle, and 350 lamb samples also were analyzed for toxic elements (Pb, Cd, Hg, and As). In the majority of samples, toxic elements were present at levels less than 50% of RLs. Only Cd and Pb RLs were exceeded in several cases. Differences in trace element contents of samples from different animals were not significant. The data indicate that residues in tissues of food-producing animals do not have a great potential impact on public health.
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Riley, David G. „37 Genetic aspects of livestock adaptation“. Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (Dezember 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.069.
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Abstract Livestock adaptation to less than favorable ambient has a genetic basis. Estimates of additive genetic variance and narrow sense heritability for % intramuscular fat in Hereford varied across United States geography quantifications evaluated in random regression analyses. Shedding and regrowth of winter coats of Angus cows in subtropical areas may indicate differential adaptation in cattle not adapted to the subtropics. Acquired adaptation to local conditions (multiple generations across more than 50 years) may was evidenced by performance of Florida Angus relative to prominent U.S. Angus in subtropical Florida; later sexual maturation may be a prominent component of such adaptation, and increasing milk production may be antagonistic to adaptation in natural conditions. Cattle temperament may be indicative of adaptation and is highly heritable; however, results from random regression analyses suggest that the additive genetic component appears to decrease in importance and the permanent environmental component of phenotype appears to become more important as calves age. Crossbreeding represents a proven strategy to improve adaptation almost immediately. Heterosis influences cattle body temperature maintenance, reproduction, survival, and, to a lesser extent, temperament in subtropical or other stressful environmental conditions (for example, in toxic fescue). Prenatal stress alters patterns of methylation (and likely other epigenetic mechanisms) and thereby encourages or inhibits gene expression to promote postnatal fitness. Brahman exposed to prenatal stress exhibited substantially different patterns of methylation across the genome in lymphocytes in both male and female calves; those patterns differed by sex. Female longevity may be the ultimate adaptation trait, as annual compliance to reproductive standards may be an appropriate assessment of a combination of attributes that represent adaptation. Longevity has documented heterotic influence; the additive genetic component is less well characterized but real. A simple, effective way to improve longevity may be to select bulls from aged, proven cows.
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András Halász und Géza Nagy. „Some methodological aspects of animal behaviour during beef cattle grazing“. Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, Nr. 48 (31.07.2012): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/48/2449.
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Ethology, the research field of animal behaviour, during the past half century developed into an independent science and became more important in recent years as the farming industry has turned toward quality production. Farm animals respond for every environmental factor. Essential to know the answers to avoid unpleasant economic consequences. Based on the shepherds’ experience, this science has merged with modern technology, constantly expanding and searching new methods. According to the literature the article summarizes the observation methods in cattle grazing. This paper introduces the beginnings and shows the future trends. Finally we share personal experiences as the Hungarian Grey cattle grazing behaviour at conditions of Hortobágy, Hungary.
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Forbes, Andrew. „Environmental risk assessment of veterinary parasiticides used in cattle“. Livestock 26, Nr. 1 (02.01.2021): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2021.26.1.15.
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All veterinary medicines have to undergo a rigorous environmental risk assessment before gaining a marketing authorisation; post-marketing pharmacovigilance ensures constant surveillance for any environmental impacts that had not been anticipated from earlier research. Products are labelled to reflect any potential risk points. Despite these procedures, some compounds, notably parasiticides of the macrocyclic lactone class that are used in large animal practice, have gained a reputation among some scientists, the general public and the media for having adverse effects on dung insect fauna and for causing delays in the degradation of faeces on pasture. While the toxicity of faecal residues of insecticides to non-target insect fauna, when measured under controlled conditions in short-term experiments is indisputable, the consequences of such activity at ecological scales are much less well defined. Dung provides an ephemeral habitat for an enormous array of macro- and micro-invertebrates, fungi and bacteria, whose composition changes as pats age and disintegrate. Perturbations to such complex systems inevitably have a variety of outcomes and this is reflected in field trials, which can produce conflicting results. This article summarises pertinent aspects of the underlying biology and ecology of the bovine faecal pat and the evidence for significant impact of veterinary medication.
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Edvantoro, B. B., R. Naidu, M. Megharaj und I. Singleton. „Changes in microbial properties associated with long-term arsenic and DDT contaminated soils at disused cattle dip sites“. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 55, Nr. 3 (Juli 2003): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0147-6513(02)00092-1.
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Sugiarto, M., Y. N. Wakhidati, O. E. Djatmiko, S. Nur und A. Einstein. „Sustainable indigenous cattle production in Brebes Regency, Indonesia: opportunities and threats during pandemic“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1041, Nr. 1 (01.06.2022): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1041/1/012030.
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Abstract This study assesses the sustainability of indigenous cattle production (Jabres Cattle) during the COVID 19 pandemic in Brebes Regency, Indonesia. The sustainability of Jabres cattle production is considered from the aspects of production, socio-economic, and environmental aspects. The study was conducted on 64 Jabres farmers in 5 sub-districts (Ketanggungan, Bantarkawung, Banjarharjo, Larangan, and Salem). Respondents were taken using a simple random sampling method and data was taken using online questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The indigenous cattle farmers in Brebes Regency have a long experience as beef cattle farmers (10.7 years on average) with an average ownership scale of 7 heads. During the pandemic, there was an increase of 54.7 percent of farmers who felt it was difficult to get cattle breeds compared to before the pandemic. The number of farmers who found it difficult to get forage also showed an increase of 36 percent compared to before the pandemic. Likewise, an increase in the number of farmers (75 percent) felt that it was increasingly difficult to sell beef cattle, which resulted in not making it easy for profits. However, the COVID 19 pandemic can encourage all farmers to pay more attention to the cleanliness of cowshed and the cage environment. Most of the indigenous cattle farmers (89 percent) remain committed to continuing their business despite difficulties in obtaining calves, feed, and selling cattle. Farmers still have confidence that the difficult situation will pass, and demand slaughter cattle will recover.
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Zachut, Maya, Marcela Šperanda, André M. de Almeida, Gianfranco Gabai, Ali Mobasheri und Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano. „Biomarkers of fitness and welfare in dairy cattle: healthy productivity“. Journal of Dairy Research 87, Nr. 1 (Februar 2020): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029920000084.
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AbstractMilk production intensification has led to several unwanted aspects, such as sustainability issues and environmental pollution. Among these, increased milk outputs that have been achieved over the last 70 years have led to several health and pathophysiological conditions in high yielding dairy animals, including metabolic diseases that were uncommon in the past. Increased occurrence of diverse metabolic diseases in cattle and other domestic animals is a key feature of domestication that not only affects the animals' health and productivity, but also may have important and adverse health impacts on human consumers through the elevated use of drugs and antibiotics. These aspects will influence economical and ethical aspects in the near future. Therefore, finding and establishing proper biomarkers for early detection of metabolic diseases is of great interest. In the present review, recent work on the discovery of fitness, stress and welfare biomarkers in dairy cows is presented, focusing in particular on possible biomarkers of energy balance and oxidative stress in plasma and milk, and biomarkers of production-related diseases and decreased fertility.
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Burrow, Heather. „Strategies for Increasing Beef Cattle Production under Dryland Farming Systems“. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 29, Nr. 4 (07.12.2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v29i4.2452.
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Integrated cattle and dryland farming systems in Indonesia use a range of crop residues and by products to feed cattle through intensive and extensive production systems. Intensive systems use stalls to house cattle and cut and carry feeding systems, primarily for fattening cattle. Under extensive systems, cattle are free‐grazing,and the systems apply only where greater land areas exist and they are used for breeding and fattening cattle. This paper therefore specifically focuses on the opportunities that exist to improve beef production in dryland farming systems in Indonesia. The best strategies for smallholder farmers in Indonesia to improve beef production require farmers to focus on profitability and use proven management strategies, including a) using adapted cattle breeds resistant/tolerant to environmental stressor, b) understanding the market preference; c) managing cattle breeding herds based on rainfall patterns, d) keeping good records on all aspects of breeding and fattening activities and e) adjusting stocking rates in extensive system to match the carrying capacity of the land.
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Wilesmith, J. W., P. E. Sayers, R. Bode, D. G. Pritchard, F. A. Stuart, J. I. Brewer und G. D. B. Hillman. „Tuberculosis in East Sussex: II. Aspects of badger ecology and surveillance for tuberculosis in badger populations (1976–1984)“. Journal of Hygiene 97, Nr. 1 (August 1986): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400064317.
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SUMMARYFollowing the disclosure of Mycobacterium bovis infection in badgers in East Sussex in 1976, badgers have been examined from and around farms on which cattle have become infected, but with no other attributable source of infection. These farms are confined to the downland of the south-west of the county and M. bovis has been confirmed in badger populations utilising their land. The available evidence indicates that M. bovis infection in badgers is also confined to this area. A detailed study in one area on the South Downs suggested that M. bovis is endemic in the badger population and therefore presents a continued risk for cattle occupying the area.
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Prasongko, Nur Cahyo Budi, Kusnandar Kusnandar und Erlyna Wida Riptanti. „STUDI KELAYAKAN PENGEMBANGAN USAHA PENGGEMUKAN SAPI POTONG DI KELURAHAN PLESUNGAN KECAMATAN GONDANGREJO KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR“. SEPA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 13, Nr. 2 (15.05.2018): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sepa.v13i2.21020.
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<p>Abstract: The study aims to determine the feasibility of developing fattening beef<br />cattle based on market aspects, technical aspects, management aspects, environmental<br />aspects, financial aspects and business sensitivity. The basic method of research is<br />descriptive case study technique. The research location is determined by deliberate on<br />farms H. Wakimin Plesungan Village Gondangrejo District of Karanganyar Regency.<br />The data used are primary data and secondary data. Data analysis market aspects,<br />technical aspects, management aspects, and aspects of the environment carried out by<br />descriptive method. While the financial aspects of data analysis using the eligibility<br />criteria payback period, NPV, IRR, Net B/C, Gross B/C, and sensitivity analysis. The<br />results showed: (1) the development of beef cattle fattening farm H. Wakimin based on<br />market aspects, technical aspects, management aspects and environmental aspects to<br />be developed. (2) Analysis of the financial aspects of the show to be developed by the<br />project life of 10 years with a discount rate of 12% and the inflation rate 5.14%/year.<br />NPV of IDR 237,165,474.00, IRR 44.53%, net B/C 2.83, Gross B/C of 1.06 and a PP<br />for 2.91 years. (3) The sensitivity analysis shows the maximum limit of the target<br />reduction Improved Weight Loss Daily (PBBH) of cattle of 16% or minimum PBBH<br />0.84 kg/day. While the maximum limit of feeder cattle prices increase by 11% or IDR<br />44.400.00 per kg of live weight of cattle assuming other costs are fixed.</p><p>Abstrak : Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan pengembangan usaha<br />penggemukan sapi potong berdasarkan aspek pasar, aspek teknis, aspek manajemen,<br />aspek lingkungan, aspek finansial dan sensitivitas usaha. Metode dasar penelitian<br />adalah deskriptif dengan teknik studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara<br />sengaja di peternakan H. Wakimin Kelurahan Plesungan Kecamatan Gondangrejo<br />Kabupaten Karanganyar. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder.<br />Analisis data aspek pasar, aspek teknis, aspek manajemen, dan aspek lingkungan<br />dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif. Sedangkan analisis data aspek finansial<br />menggunakan kriteria kelayakan Payback period, NPV, IRR, Net B/C, Gross B/C, dan<br />analisis sensitivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan: (1) pengembangan usaha<br />penggemukan sapi potong di peternakan H. Wakimin berdasarkan aspek pasar, aspek<br />teknis, aspek manajemen dan aspek lingkungan layak untuk dikembangkan. (2)<br />Analisis aspek finansial menunjukkan layak untuk dikembangkan dengan umur<br />proyek 10 tahun dengan tingkat discount rate 12% dan tingkat inflasi 5,14%/tahun.<br />Nilai NPV sebesar Rp 237.165.474,00, nilai IRR 44,53%, net B/C 2,83, Gross B/C<br />sebesar 1,06 dan PP selama 2,91 tahun. (3) Analisis sensitivitas menunjukan batas<br />maksimum penurunan target Peningkatan Berat Badan Harian (PBBH) sapi sebesar 16% atau PBBH minimum 0,84 kg/hari. Sedangkan batas maksimum peningkatan<br />harga bakalan sapi sebesar 11% atau Rp 44.400,00 per kg berat hidup sapi dengan<br />asumsi biaya yang lain bersifat tetap.</p>
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Yanira Zaita Ferrer, Leonor I. Parra Flores, Rigoberto Fimia Duarte, David del Valle Laveaga, Milena Galbán Díaz, Miriela Hernández del Río, Migdalia Artiles González und Raquel Bauta Bauta. „Aloe vera and Bixa orellana in a revitalizing ointment for cattle skin injuries“. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, Nr. 1 (30.07.2022): 001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.20.1.0256.
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Phytopharmaceuticals constitute a therapy that, when carried out on a scientific basis, becomes a necessary, safe, effective and, above all, economical alternative in the confrontation of diseases that affect humans and other animals, for the achievement of health. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a revitalizing ointment of Aloe vera L and Bixa orellana L for skin lesions in cattle. The methods used correspond to the transversal research for case control, a total of 76 animals of the classified by categories, females and males of mestizo breeds, belonging to the Basic Livestock Unit "Liberation of Caibarién", Caibarien, Villa Clara, Cuba were selected during the year 2019 where there were problems with the iron marking, the lesions and the statistical equivalence in both groups were taken into account. From the benefits of the two medicinal plants, an ointment was elaborated to treat skin lesions such as burns, wounds and in general, any lesion that tends to chronicity or infection and therefore it is required to accelerate the healing process. The revitalizing ointment proved to be a good healing agent, since it helps the prompt recovery of the lesions and of the animals. In no case did allergic reactions or irritation occur. Since there are difficulties with the acquisition of healing ointments in veterinary medicine, it constitutes an effective and economical alternative treatment, with a positive impact on livestock and industrial production, as well as on the environmental aspect.
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Besari Ramadhan, Bagus Kesan. „Pengembangan Usaha Ternak Sapi Potong Rakyat Berbasis Sumber Daya“. Wahana Peternakan 6, Nr. 2 (04.07.2022): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37090/jwputb.v6i2.552.
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Abstract Smallholder farmers maintain beef cattle based on previous experience and information from fellow farmers. Success in livestock business is influenced by several aspects, both internally and externally. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of resource support on the development of smallholder beef cattle farming business. The research was conducted in Jetis Village, Curahdami Sub-District, Bondowoso District. The research variables consist of livestock farming business development (Y), economical resources (X1), social resources (X2), and environmental resources (X3). Methods of data collection is done by observation and survey. Data analysis was performed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method using the SmartPLS 2.0 application. The results showed that livestock farming business development consisted of 4 (four) indicators, economical resources consisted of 5 (five) indicators, social resources consisted of 5 (five) indicators, and environmental resources consisted of 4 (four) indicators. The conclusion of the study shows that economical resources, social resources, and environmental resources have a positive and significant 38.9% effect on the development of smallholder beef cattle farming business. Keywords: Resources, Beef Cattle, Smallhoulder Farming. Livestock Farming Business Development.
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Creamer, Maggie L., Leslie M. Roche, Kristina M. Horback und Tina L. Saitone. „Optimising cattle grazing distribution on rangeland: a systematic review and network analysis“. Rangeland Journal 41, Nr. 5 (2019): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj19066.
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Optimising beef cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus) distribution, both spatially and temporally, is one of the most significant challenges associated with managing extensive grazed rangelands. Landscape variability and behavioural patterns of cattle may lead to non-uniform and inefficient forage utilisation, damage to critical habitats, and water quality impairment. In order to overcome these distribution challenges, a large suite of tools have been developed and researched to optimise grazing patterns. The objectives of this synthesis paper are 2-fold: (i) to survey and categorise distribution tools; and (ii) to analyse the connectivity of existing research across academic disciplines to identify and isolate knowledge gaps. A systematic literature review revealed specific types of tools and strategies to improve cattle distribution, which were categorised as either ‘animal’ or ‘environmental manipulations’. Animal manipulations utilise aspects of individual behaviour and herd dynamics to alter grazing patterns, whereas environmental manipulations involve transforming aspects of the animal’s surroundings to overcome challenges associated with inefficient distribution. This review reveals that strategies are overwhelmingly studied in isolation, and that there is potential to increase efficacy by integrating multiple strategies to achieve a desired outcome. Motivated by these findings, an author collaboration network analysis was conducted to investigate connectivity within and among author fields of expertise to understand why more integrated management strategies are not currently studied. Authors were classified into five fields of research: animal behaviour science, animal production science, biophysical rangeland science, economics, and other. The network analysis revealed that communities of authors contributing to papers on enhancing cattle distribution are disjointed. These results suggest that in order to fulfil knowledge gaps about the efficacy and cost of management strategies, there needs to be interdisciplinary engagement with particular attention to strategies that integrate animal and environmental manipulations to enhance cattle grazing distribution on extensively grazed landscapes.
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Ashwin, M., Abdulrahman Saad Alqahtani, Azath Mubarakali und P. Parthasarathy. „Environmental aspects – IoT based cattle movement prevention to avoid road accident for Bhopal-Indore highways in India“. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 50 (März 2022): 101847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101847.
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Lovarelli, Daniela, Alberto Finzi, Gabriele Mattachini und Elisabetta Riva. „A Survey of Dairy Cattle Behavior in Different Barns in Northern Italy“. Animals 10, Nr. 4 (19.04.2020): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040713.
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Due to its increasing pressure on dairy cows, studies that investigate how to cope with heat stress are needed. The heat stress affects multiple aspects of cows’ lives, among which their behavior and welfare. In this study, a survey was carried out in eight farms located in Northern Italy to monitor and evaluate the environmental aspects of the barns and the behavioral responses of dairy cows. For one year, three periods were monitored: thermoneutral (T_S), hot (H_S) and cold (C_S) seasons. Temperature and relative humidity were measured by environmental sensors, and lying vs. standing time, number of lying bouts and their average duration were collected by accelerometers. The temperature-humidity index (THI) was quantified inside and outside of the barn. Results show that at the increase of the THI, behavioral adaptations occurred in all the farms, especially with a reduction of lying time and an increase of respiration rate. Four of the eight farms need interventions for improving the cows’ welfare. Here, environmental problems should be solved by introducing or improving the efficacy of the forced ventilation or by modifying the barn structure. Monitoring dairy barns with sensors and Precision Livestock Farming techniques can be helpful for future livestock farming to alert farmers on the need for their interventions to respond immediately to unwanted barn living conditions.
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Solikin, Nur, Linawati Linawati und Samari Samari. „Finansial Inklusi Pada Peternak Sapi Pola Gaduhan Sebagai Penguatan Modal Sosial Dan Modal Finansial“. JURNAL EKUIVALENSI 7, Nr. 2 (30.10.2021): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51158/ekuivalensi.v7i2.587.
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The existence of resources and production factors is an important component of supporting the business. Aspects of social capital and the availability of money, for cattle farmers are important parts, because cattle breeders must prepare forage forage needs, additional feed and fortifying feed (bran, concentrate) as a means of supporting the success of the livestock business being run. Financial inclusion in this study is defined as easy access to money. The “gaduhan” system (keeping other people's livestock) is often found in all corners of the village, livestock owners other than as animal providers often act as providers of money when people who raise livestock need (borrow) money. Social capital is built because of emotional closeness and financial capital is formed because of a joint effort to system gaduhan cattle. The purpose of the study was to analyze the application of financial inclusion to rowdy cattle farmers in strengthening social capital and financial capital. This type of research is descriptive qualitative by using questionnaires, interviews, FGD instruments to obtain primary data, secondary data sourced from relevant documents, articles. The subjects of the study were rowdy cattle breeders in the Semen District as many as 120 respondents. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of financial inclusion of the cattle rancher model has long been carried out between animal owners and animal keepers. Mutualism symbiosis is realized by mutually benefiting from raising cattle, strengthening social relations and economic income for both parties.
Keywords: Financial inclusion, beef cattle breeders, gaduhan system
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ELLIS, J. L., J. DIJKSTRA, E. KEBREAB, A. BANNINK, N. E. ODONGO, B. W. McBRIDE und J. FRANCE. „Aspects of rumen microbiology central to mechanistic modelling of methane production in cattle“. Journal of Agricultural Science 146, Nr. 2 (26.03.2008): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859608007752.
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SUMMARYMethane, in addition to being a significant source of energy loss to the animal that can range from 0·02 to 0·12 of gross energy intake, is one of the major greenhouse gases being targeted for reduction by the Kyoto protocol. Thus, one of the focuses of recent research in animal science has been to develop or improve existing methane prediction models in order to increase overall understanding of the system and to evaluate mitigation strategies for methane reduction. Several dynamic mechanistic models of rumen function have been developed which contain hydrogen gas balance sub-models from which methane production can be predicted. These models predict methane production with varying levels of success and in many cases could benefit from further development. Central to methane prediction is accurate volatile fatty acid prediction, representation of the competition for substrate usage within the rumen, as well as descriptions of protozoal dynamics and pH. Most methane models could also largely benefit from an expanded description of lipid metabolism and hindgut fermentation. The purpose of the current review is to identify key aspects of rumen microbiology that could be incorporated into, or have improved representation within, a model of ruminant digestion and environmental emissions.
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Sidorenko, O. V., und N. N. Shabannikova. „THE ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTION AND USE OF THE DAIRY CATTLE BIOLOGICAL ASSETS“. Bulletin of Agrarian Science 1, Nr. 94 (2022): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2587-666x.2022.1.166.
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Cardoso, Abmael da Silva, Rondineli Pavezzi Barbero, Eliéder Prates Romanzini, Ronyatta Weich Teobaldo, Fernando Ongaratto, Marcia Helena Machado da Rocha Fernandes, Ana Cláudia Ruggieri und Ricardo Andrade Reis. „Intensification: A Key Strategy to Achieve Great Animal and Environmental Beef Cattle Production Sustainability in Brachiaria Grasslands“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 16 (18.08.2020): 6656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166656.
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Intensification of tropical grassland can be a strategy to increase beef production, but methods for achieving this should maintain or reduce its environmental impact and should not compromise future food-producing capacity. The objective of this review was to discuss the aspects of grassland management, animal supplementation, the environment, and the socioeconomics of grassland intensification. Reducing environmental impact in the form of, for example, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is particularly important in Brazil, which is the second-largest beef producer in the world. Most Brazilian pastures, however, are degraded, representing a considerable opportunity for the mitigation and increase of beef-cattle production, and consequently increasing global protein supply. Moreover, in Brazil, forage production is necessary for seasonal feeding strategies that maintain animal performance during periods of forage scarcity. There are many options to achieve this objective that can be adopted alone or in association. These options include improving grassland management, pasture fertilization, and animal supplementation. Improving grazing management has the potential to mitigate GHG emissions through the reduction of the intensity of CO2 emissions, as well as the preservation of natural areas by reducing the need for expanding pastureland. Limitations to farmers adopting intensification strategies include cultural aspects and the lack of financial resources and technical assistance.
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Randall, J. M. „Environmental parameters necessary to define comfort for pigs, cattle and sheep in livestock transporters“. Animal Science 57, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1993): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100006929.
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AbstractMost livestock are transported at least once during their lifetime. Environmental conditions inside the transporter are critically dependent on many factors which can be controlled by well designed and carefully operated ventilation systems. Heat, moisture and carbon dioxide production of cattle, pigs and sheep are fitted to simple models as bases for ventilation design criteria. These assume that the animals are not well fed immediately before or during transport and that maintenance metabolic heat production applies. Interactions between temperature and humidity during transport are important at temperatures above 24°C.Ventilation slots along the sides of transporters can be occluded by the bodies of the stock themselves. Relevant dimensions of pigs, cattle and sheep related to body weight are provided as additional design parameters. Stocking density interacts critically with other aspects of transport and normally recommended values are shown to be inconsistent. Space requirements should be based on species and body weight, provided that the ventilation capacity is satisfactory.Proposed European regulations on the transport of livestock provide general guidelines for the provision of ventilation, but no means of achieving these requirements. This paper draws together detailed criteria for establishing acceptable space, thermal, psychrometric and gaseous conditions on transporters for pigs, cattle and sheep. Application of these quantitative criteria will assist shippers and regulating authorities in providing more suitable environmental conditions than are frequently achieved at present.
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Hossain, Md Uzzal, Dr Md Mahabbat Ali, Mustasim Famous, Md Ahsan Habib, und Arifur Rahman. „PRESENT SCENARIO OF USING FEED ADDITIVES AND FEED SUPPLEMENT DURING CATTLE FATTENING IN DHAKA DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH“. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch 07, Nr. 04 (2022): 214–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35410/ijaeb.2022.5757.
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This study was conducted to find out the relationship among different aspects of cattle fattening and use of anabolic steroids and feed additives. The data were collected through an interview schedule from 65 respondents of 4 upazila/ thana of Dhaka city who were involved in cattle fattening. Parameters were studied in relation to socio- economic conditions of farmers and use of anabolic steroids and feed additives and their effects on animals and environment. In this study 80.0% farmers' were involved in others occupation, followed by 17.0% in livestock business. About 65.0% respondents had higher education, 20.0% had higher secondary education, 12.0% obtained secondary education and the rest of them were primary education. Irrespective of literacy only 6.0% of the farmer had training. Results showed that about 58% respondents used anabolic steroids for the duration of 3 to 6 months long cattle fattening (P<0.001) program. The chi-square (11.093) value of annual income indicates that with increase of annual income and use of anabolic steroids have decreased. The significant (P<0.01) association was observed in case of anabolic steroids and source of money, annual income, number of cattle fattening, breeds, fattening period, starting and finishing age. About 78% respondents used feed additives for cattle fattening from own resources (P<0.001) and most of cattle fattened for 3 to 6 months (P<0.01). The result demonstrated that respondents of low annual income used more anabolic steroid and feed additives as a growth promoter for cattle fattening and they prefer in powder form.
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Frizen, Dmitrii Ya. „ON THE PROBLEM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATTLE BREEDING AND AGRICULTURE AMONG THE KAZAKHS IN THE WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN AT THE TURN OF THE XIX-XX CENTURIES“. Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 8, Nr. 1 (2022): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2022-8-1-241-252.
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The article studies the problem of the formation of cattle-breeding and agricultural forms of economy in the territory of the Kazakh region, in particular in the Western Kazakhstan. With the assistance of various sources, we studied the features of the development of cattle breeding among the Kazakhs, which was adapted to the local climate, sparse vegetation, the low rainfall and other environmental and economic factors. In this article, we have shown the objective and subjective aspects that led to the settling of nomads. The resettlement policy of Russia led to a crisis of nomadic cattle breeding and poverty among many Kazakhs, which forced them to engage in agriculture. However, as shown in the article, the Kazakhs plowed the land only for additional income. The emergence of cattle-breeding and agricultural forms of farming was complex and contradictory. The Kazakhs, who lived near Russian settlements, quickly moved to settle. And those Kazakhs who lived in the southern regions of the Turgai and Ural regions, as well as on Mangyshlak and the Inner Horde continued to engage in cattle breeding. This situation divided the region into agricultural and cattle-breeding and this went on for many years.
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Amam, Amam, Moh Wildan Jadmiko, Pradiptya Ayu Harsita, Roni Yulianto, Nur Widodo, Soetriono Soetriono und Moh Setyo Poerwoko. „Usaha Ternak Sapi Perah di Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB) Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang: Identifikasi Sumber Daya dan Kajian Aspek Kerentanan“. Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science) 10, Nr. 1 (11.05.2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46549/jipvet.v10i1.90.
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Resources have an important role in livestock farming business, while the aspect of vulnerability can hamper the development of livestock farming business. The purpose of this study is to identify the resources of dairy cattle farming business and examine its effects on the aspects of vulnerability. The resources of this study consisted of economic resources, environmental resources, and social resources. The research was conducted in June-September 2019 at the Joint Business Group (KUB) of Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang which is located in Malang District, East Java Province. The 174 respondents are all dairy farmers who are the members of the group. The data collection methods used are Focus on Group Discussion (FGD), observation, and survey. The survey method was carried out through interviews and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results showed that the vulnerability aspect of dairy cattle farming business was positively and significantly affected by economic and environmental resources (0,249 and 0,317, respectively). On the other hand, social resources had a negative influence, although it was not significant to the vulnerability aspect of dairy cattle farming business. The conclusion of the research shows that the aspect of the vulnerability of dairy cattle farming business is influenced by economic, environmental, and social resources by 29.5%.
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Vanhuri, Eddi, Hasnudi Hasnudi und Yusniar Lubisa. „Kajian Kelayakan Pembentukan Sentra Peternakan Sapi di Kabupaten Batubara“. Talenta Conference Series: Agricultural and Natural Resources (ANR) 1, Nr. 2 (16.12.2018): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/anr.v1i2.229.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisi kelayakan usaha sentra peternakan sapi di Kabupaten Batubara dari aspek finansial serta menganalisis pola pengembangan sentra peternakan sapidi Kabupaten Batubara. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, jenis penelitiannya adalah survey. Sampel ditentukan dengan metode simple random sampling sebanyak 50 orang. Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Data dianalisisdenganmenggunakan kelayakan finansial dan kelayakan nonfinansial serta perhitungan daya dukung lahan terhadap ternak sapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha peternakan sapi di Kabupaten Batubaradilihat dari kriteria investasi kegiatan usaha layak dikembangkan. Nilai R/C sebesar 1,61. Sentra peternakan sapi di Kabupaten Batubara berdasarkan aspek nonfinansial adalah layak dari segi aspek pasar, aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya serta aspek lingkungan sekitar. Sedangkan dari aspek teknis, aspek manajemen dan hukum, masih perlu dibenahi. Total daya dukung perkebunan (sawit dan karet) serta daya dukung tanaman pangan terhadap ternak sapi di Kabupaten Batubara adalah 259.808 Satuan Ternak (ST). Pengembangan sentra peternakan sapi di Kabupaten Batubara dapat dilakukan dengan pola peternakan rakyat dengan sistem integrasi terhadap kawasan-kawasan disekitarnya yaitu: integrasi sawit-sapi; integrasi sapikaret; dan integrasi sapi-tanaman pangan
This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of cattle farming center in Batubara and analyze its development pattern. This research uses a quantitative data collected from 50 samples, selected with simple random sampling. Data were analyzed with financial and non-financial feasibility and land carrying capacity estimation. The results show that the cattle farm business in Batubara is feasible to be developed, giving its R / C value of 1.61. In addition, the cattle farming business are also feasible in terms of marketing, social, economic, cultural and environmental aspects. However, this business still needs some improvement in technical, management and legal aspects. The total carrying capacity of the surrounding plantations (oil palm and rubber) and food crops is 259,808 animal husbandry units (ST). The cattle breeding centers can be developed in smallholding pattern with integrated systems such as integration of oil palm-cattle, rubber-cattle and food crops-cattle.
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Lloyd, O. L., und M. M. Lloyd. „CATTLE AND HUMAN HEALTH IN AN INDUSTRIALLY-POLLUTED DISTRICT IN SCOTLAND: ENVIRONMENTAL. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF AN EPISODE OF SUSPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY“. Epidemiology 7, Supplement (Juli 1996): S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199607001-00213.
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Hamid, Mohamed E. „Current Perspectives onMycobacterium farcinogenesandMycobacterium senegalense, the Causal Agents of Bovine Farcy“. Veterinary Medicine International 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/247906.
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Mycobacterium farcinogenesandM. senegalenseare the causal agents of bovine farcy, a chronic, progressive disease of the skin and lymphatics of zebu cattle. The disease, which is prevalent mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, was in earlier times thought to be caused byNocardia farcinicaand can be described as one of the neglected diseases in cattle. Some aspects of the disease have been investigated during the last five decades but the major development had been in the bacteriological, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic aspects. Molecular analyses confirmed thatM. farcinogenesandM. senegalensefall in a subclade together withM. houstonenseandM. fortuitum. This subclade is closely related to the one accommodatingM. peregrinum,M. porcinum,M. septicum,M. neworleansense, andM. alvei. DNA probes were designed from 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer and could be used for the rapid diagnosis of bovine farcy. An ELISA assay has been evaluated for the serodiagnosis of the disease. The zoonotic potentials ofM. farcinogenesandM. senegalenseare unknown; few studies reported the isolation ofM. senegalenseandM. farcinogenesfrom human clinical sources but not from environmental sources or from other domestic or wild animals.
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Daigle, Courtney L. „38 Welfare and behavior considerations for cattle in tropical and subtropical environments“. Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (Dezember 2019): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.070.
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Abstract Bos indicus and B. taurus are two different subspecies that differ in reproductive physiology, nutritional requirements, social behavior, digestive system, and body composition. A fundamental step in meeting the increasing global demand for protein on a planet experiencing climate change while addressing environmental stewardship is to identify management practices optimized for B. indicus-influenced cattle reared in the growing subtropical/tropical regions of the planet. Bos indicus-influenced cattle, are typically managed in subtropical/tropical regions utilizing practices developed and validated for B. taurus breeds in temperate environments. Little is known about the behavioral profile of B. indicus. Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD), lameness, and bulling are three welfare and productivity issues that require behavioral evaluation to identify and treat. Little is known regarding lameness in feedlot cattle, irrespective of breed, but cattle are prey animals designed to mask illness and pain. Therefore, characterizing species-specific behavioral indicators of discomfort are paramount to early detection and treatment of these afflictions. B. indicus cattle are more gregarious than B. taurus and have more excitable temperaments; thus, they are more susceptible to stress, may have greater difficulty coping, and may be more adept at masking health issues. These cattle display different social behaviors compared to B. taurus counterparts, which may contribute to differences in production efficiency and outcomes. Gaining an understanding of the behavioral and social aspects of these animals, and understanding their biological thresholds regarding thermoregulation, disease resistance, transportation resiliency, and the human-animal interaction will provide foundational data for developing appropriate stewardship practices. Beef cattle, irrespective of what sector they are managed (e.g., feedlot, cow-calf, pasture housed), are directly affected by weather. Therefore, as the climate changes, we must begin to increase our use of animals that are better suited to these environmental conditions, and within that framework increase our understanding of their species-specific welfare needs.
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Boronetskaya, O. I., A. M. Ostapchuk, N. M. Kostomakhin, A. P. Kaledin und I. S. Rubtsova. „Craniological features of Siberian cattle from the collection of the State Museum of Animal Husbandry named after E. F. Liskun“. Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), Nr. 10 (10.09.2022): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2210-01.
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The study of the craniums of Siberian cattle has been carried out in the article. The research was carried out by researchers of the State Museum of Animal Husbandry named after E. F. Liskun of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy”. The purpose of the work was to analyze the craniological features of Siberian cattle from the collection of the State Museum of Animal Husbandry named after E. F. Liskun. The craniums of Siberian cattle collected by the expedition under the direct supervision of E. F. Liskun in 1910 served as the material for research. Unfortunately, to date not all craniums of this breed have been preserved in the museum’s collection, but morphological and craniometric studies conducted to a greater extent reveal the scientifi c aspects of craniology. The data of craniological measurements of Siberian cattle craniums collected more than 100 years ago clearly reveal the issues of the origin and formation of the breed. Siberian cattle had a number of valuable qualities that must be carefully considered, improved during purebred breeding and preserved during crossbreeding. It was the dairy cattle with highest fat content in milk among domestic cattle breeds in the beginning of twentieth century. The formation of local Siberian cattle was infl uenced by environmental conditions, as well as livestock breeds brought by Russian settlers. Based on the linear values of measurements of individual parts of the cranium and the study of the morphological features of the animal, Siberian cattle were assigned to one craniological type, and according to the measurements of the head it was divided into three groups. The craniums of cows and oxen within the same Siberian group of cattle diff ered slightly from each other in size. The main reasons for the diff erences in the cranium of Siberian cattle were the physical and geographical location of the habitat areas, natural and climatic conditions, as well as the cattle crossbreeding.
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Nihayatu Aslamatis Solekah und Ulfi Kartika Oktaviana. „Penguatan Pengelolaan Ternak Wakaf Hibah Produktif melalui Fermentasi Pakan Ternak sebagai Alternatif Pemberdayaan Santri menuju Pesantren Yatim yang Mandiri“. Engagement : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, Nr. 2 (30.11.2017): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/engagement.v1i2.13.
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Strengthening of productive wakaf livestock management on Himmatun ayat foundation in the form of goat farming which originally amounted to 31 tail to 80 tails and 2 cattle, given the geographical condition of the cracked city that the land is limestone, the main problem is the availability of feed. Because the managers are orphaned students themselves then the initial get goat grant, a lot of goats are dead. The problem is quite serious is during the rainy season lack of supply of animal feed. In the dry season orphaned santri living herding goats in rain-fed rice fields that are not cultivated because it is a rain-fed rice field. Goat and cattle feed in the rainy season is a fermentation of mixed kale leaves, bran and yeast. So there is a symbiosis of mutualism in which the survival of orphaned santri is dependent on the productive grant of goats as well as vice versa. Some potentials that can be empowered to benefit from the social, economic and environmental aspects (1) It is necessary to analyze the feasibility level of goat farm management, especially the fulfillment of animal feed for productive grants, so that the farm will continue to grow so that the boarding school can be independent from the aspect of fulfilling the needs of the orphans living in the pesantren. (2) The need for fermented animal wakaf fermentation training for orphan students so as to create the fulfillment of animal wakaf feed throughout the year. (3) The need for assistance in the management of endowment grants productive goat farming, especially aspects of marketing and human resources aspects so that it will form the spirit of entrepreneurship orphan students to independently manage wakaf productive grant goat and cattle farms.
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Toledo, Roberta Dos Santos, Felippe Danyel Cardoso Martins und Roberta Lemos Freire. „Waterborne Giardia and Cryptosporidium: contamination of human drinking water by sewage and cattle feces“. Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, Nr. 5 (03.10.2017): 3395. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n5p3395.
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Water is an important vehicle for pathogens such as Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis. In fact, these organisms are responsible for almost 58% and 38% of the waterborne outbreaks reported in ~60 years. Characteristics related to the environmental phase of these protozoa and the different types of hosts are important factors related to environmental contamination. In cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis, outbreaks caused by waterborne pathogens are identified as major risk factors for contamination of water resources by untreated sewage and the entrainment of cattle feces in rainwater. Further, this review covers taxonomic, biologic, and epidemiologic aspects such as prevalence, risk factors, and molecular characterization of these protozoa observed in humans and cattle in order to elucidate the role of these hosts in environmental pollution, and consequently, as a source of infection for susceptible humans, especially in rural areas. Alternative water resources such as wells and springs are used without water treatment and potability monitoring. Epidemiological data are useful, but insufficient to characterize the source of infection, thereby requiring the use of appropriate molecular methods for subtyping the protozoa detected in environmental and feces samples as well as for assessing public health risk.
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Wiltshire, Karie, Kathleen Delate, Jan Flora und Mary Wiedenhoeft. „Socio-cultural aspects of cow–calf operation persistence in a peri-urban county in Iowa“. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 26, Nr. 1 (10.12.2010): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170510000505.
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AbstractCow–calf operations in grass-based agricultural systems in Marion County, Iowa, are multifunctional in their provision of agronomic, ecological, economic and social uses. Since 1992, however, pastureland and cow–calf operations have decreased because of urban encroachment, leading to a speculative loss of some beneficial functions. The goal of this interdisciplinary project, conducted from 2003 to 2005, was to employ a farming systems research and evaluation platform to investigate grassland multifunctionality at farm, field and community levels. A socio-cultural analysis was conducted with the objective of identifying motivations of cow–calf operators to remain on the land despite increasing urban pressure. Environmental, as well as socio-economic, parameters were evaluated in understanding grassland multifunctionality in semi-structured interviews and a focus group. Typology classes derived from the study placed the majority of participants as maintaining integrated cattle and grain operations as full-time income sources. At the farm and community levels, themes from participants’ responses suggested that the relevance of profit from a cow–calf operation is mediated by a wide range of livelihood and lifestyle choices, and that operators have diverse criteria regarding the suitability of land for pasture. Themes encompassing farm preservation and building intergenerational social capital were particularly evident among the full-time, integrated cattle/grain crop family farm members. At the community level, governmental policies rewarding practices that increase field and farm biodiversity, as demonstrated by a prairie pasture system implemented in a follow-up on-farm experiment, will facilitate greater support of grass-based systems from local institutions. In order to address the educational needs expressed by study participants, extension and federal environmental agencies are encouraged to provide relevant design and implementation recommendations in recognition of local knowledge related to farmland multifunctionality and sustainable land usage for integrated crop and livestock operations.
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Zanni, Sara, Mariana Roccaro, Federica Bocedi, Angelo Peli und Alessandra Bonoli. „LCA to Estimate the Environmental Impact of Dairy Farms: A Case Study“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 10 (16.05.2022): 6028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106028.
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Intensive farming is responsible for extreme environmental impacts under different aspects, among which global warming represents a major reason of concern. This is a quantitative problem linked to the farm size and a qualitative one, depending on farming methods and land management. The dairy sector is particularly relevant in terms of environmental impact, and new approaches to meeting sustainability goals at a global scale while meeting society’s needs are necessary. The present study was carried out to assess the environmental impact of dairy cattle farms based on a life cycle assessment (LCA) model applied to a case study. These preliminary results show the possibility of identifying the most relevant impacts in terms of supplied products, such as animal feed and plastic packaging, accounting for 19% and 15% of impacts, respectively, and processes, in terms of energy and fuel consumption, accounting for 53% of impacts overall. In particular, the local consumption of fossil fuels for operations within the farm represents the most relevant item of impact, with a small margin for improvement. On the other hand, remarkable opportunities to reduce the impact can be outlined from the perspective of stronger partnerships with suppliers to promote the circularity of packaging and the sourcing of animal feed. Future studies may include the impact of drug administration and the analysis of social aspects of LCA.
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Córdova Izquierdo, Alejandro, Adrian E. Iglesias Reyes, Gustavo Ruiz Lang, Jorge Saltijeral Oaxaca, Juan Eulogio Guerra Liera, Edmundo Abel Villa Mancera, Ma de Lourdes Juárez Mosqueda et al. „Nutrition and Food in the Reproduction of Cattle“. European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, Nr. 3 (07.05.2021): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.3.184.
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At the beginning of the 1980s, a series of very profound changes were initiated in the milk cow nutrition approaches, as a consequence of the highest levels of production per cow that were reached by the productive systems of the northern hemisphere. Nutrition is defined as the series of processes through which an organism acquires and assimilates food to promote its growth and replace worn or damaged tissues. The nutrients are fundamental for the animals to carry out their different productive functions. When we consider the aspects that touch the field of nutrition of ruminants, we understand the importance of this group of animals of zootechnical interest, which are able to process plant components that are not consumed by other mammals, the structural carbohydrates (fiber). Ruminant comes from the word "rumen", which is the largest of the compartments in the stomach of four compartments of a bovine, sheep or goat. This structure is where microbial fermentation takes place. The ruminants, through evolutionary processes, developed life relationships with microorganisms which enabled them to use fiber as food, that is, they developed in some way their "food factory". They eat the forage to be transformed by the rumen's microbiota into substances that are the source of energy for the animal and for the microbial synthesis, the microbial cells are an excellent source of proteins for the animal. However, the processes that make the ruminal microbiota are, in a certain way, inefficient. Grass degradation produces volatile fatty acids, microbial protein and gases. Within these gases, some are environmental pollutants such as CO2, methane and nitrous oxide. Millions of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi live in the rumen and degrade parts of the plant rich in energy, making them digestible to the animal host. After the forage has been digested in the rumen and degraded to smaller parts, it can pass through the reticulum and omasum, which function as colanders that trap large pieces of material preventing them from reaching the abomasum, or "true stomach", where digestion continues. The nutritional concern for ruminants focuses on energy (ie, carbohydrates), protein, minerals, vitamins, and water. The energy (carbohydrates) is responsible for the functions of growth and maintenance of the animal, and the generation of heat. The protein makes the tissue grow and performs other vital functions. Other nutrients and minerals such as vitamin A and E, calcium, phosphorus, and selenium can be fed to "free choice" as a mineral supplement. Dairy cows of high productive potential (9000-12000 / liters / lactation) currently represent a real challenge for nutrition. For many years, there has been evidence of the impact of nutrition on the reproductive behavior of the bovine female. The main factor that affects reproduction is the undernourishment due to the scarcity and quality of the food. Subsequent research has shown that nutritional effects are exerted through complex interrelations between various aspects such as: content and use of body reserves, distribution of nutrients between different systems and organs and prioritization of the use of nutrients for various functions in addition to reproduction.
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Barwicki, Jan, Andrzej Borusiewicz, Lisa Holden, Laszlo Kulcsar, Zbigniew Skibko, Ireneusz Żuchowski und Wacław Romaniuk. „Leaching of Elements from Soil in Grassland Field Crops Treated with Raw and Acidified Slurry“. Agricultural Engineering 26, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agriceng-2022-0012.
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Abstract The state of soils was presented in the aspect of environmental protection when using acidified slurry was used as fertilizer to protect ammonia from escaping into the atmosphere. The use of concentrated sulfuric acid to lower the pH of the slurry and thus retain nitrogen in the soil and then use it by crops gives a double benefit, reduces nitrogen losses, and reduces the cost of mineral fertilizers that should be purchased. Injecting raw slurry below the surface of the soil has some benefits in the form of reducing ammonia emissions, but it does not affect the use of fertilizers with the addition of sulfur, which is ensured in the case of acidification of the slurry. Additional benefit is to obtain environment protection. Leaching of elements from grassland and corn crop soil treated with raw cattle slurry and acidified cattle slurry (m3·ha−1) was presented. The K content was highest in the leachate collected after the application of the last batch of acidified slurry. Yield tests were conducted on similar soils as presented in the tables for grass, using six 500 m2 plots with corn, cultivar ES Cirrus, with acidified slurry and one test plot with non-acidified slurry. Analysis of variance and significant difference among the treatment means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a probability level of 0.05. Based on statistical analysis, it was demonstrated that crop yields of corn grain increased when fertilized with acidified slurry, at an average of 4 t·ha−1. During field tests corn crop yield varied from 14 t·ha−1 to 18 t·ha−1 when non-acidified and acidified slurry were used. The yield on the grassland was approx. 30 t·ha−1. The soil sorption complex, in combination with its buffer properties and acidification, did not affected the pH value. This makes the acidification process safe for plants and for the soil environment.
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Ojstršek, Alenka, Laura Jug und Olivija Plohl. „A Review of Electro Conductive Textiles Utilizing the Dip-Coating Technique: Their Functionality, Durability and Sustainability“. Polymers 14, Nr. 21 (03.11.2022): 4713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214713.
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The presented review summarizes recent studies in the field of electro conductive textiles as an essential part of lightweight and flexible textile-based electronics (so called e-textiles), with the main focus on a relatively simple and low-cost dip-coating technique that can easily be integrated into an existing textile finishing plant. Herein, numerous electro conductive compounds are discussed, including intrinsically conductive polymers, carbon-based materials, metal, and metal-based nanomaterials, as well as their combinations, with their advantages and drawbacks in contributing to the sectors of healthcare, military, security, fitness, entertainment, environmental, and fashion, for applications such as energy harvesting, energy storage, real-time health and human motion monitoring, personal thermal management, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding, wireless communication, light emitting, tracking, etc. The greatest challenge is related to the wash and wear durability of the conductive compounds and their unreduced performance during the textiles’ lifetimes, which includes the action of water, high temperature, detergents, mechanical forces, repeated bending, rubbing, sweat, etc. Besides electrical conductivity, the applied compounds also influence the physical-mechanical, optical, morphological, and comfort properties of textiles, depending on the type and concentration of the compound, the number of applied layers, the process parameters, as well as additional protective coatings. Finally, the sustainability and end-of-life of e-textiles are critically discussed in terms of the circular economy and eco-design, since these aspects are mainly neglected, although e-textile’ waste could become a huge problem in the future when their mass production starts.
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Silva, Fernando Luiz, Ernandes Sobreira Oliveira-Júnior, Marcus Henrique Martins e. Silva, Marta López-Alonso und Maria Aparecida Pereira Pierangeli. „Trace Elements in Beef Cattle: A Review of the Scientific Approach from One Health Perspective“. Animals 12, Nr. 17 (31.08.2022): 2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12172254.
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The objective was to investigate the context, approach and research topics present in the papers that analysed trace elements in beef cattle to identify gaps and scientific perspectives for the sustainable management of trace elements in livestock. The main research groups came from the United States, Spain, Japan, Brazil, India and Slovakia, which represented 31% of the papers produced. Only 37% of studies addressed aspects that integrated animal, environmental and human health. The reviewed papers concerned 56 elements and 15 bovine tissues (Cu, Zn, Pb, liver, muscle and kidney highlighted). The main gaps were (1) lack of research in developing countries, (2) the need to understand the impact of different environmental issues and their relationship to the conditions in which animals are raised, and (3) the need to understand the role of many trace elements in animal nutrition and their relationship to environmental and human health. Finally, we highlight possible ways to expand knowledge and provide innovations for broad emerging issues, primarily through expanding collaborative research networks. In this context, we suggest the adoption of the One Health approach for planning further research on trace elements in livestock. Moreover, the One Health approach should also be considered for managers and politicians for a sustainable environmental care and food safety.