Dissertationen zum Thema „Catalyseurs – Synthèse (chimie)“
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Brunet, Lionel. „Synthèse et chimie de coordination de ligands phosphorés peu ou pas oxydables“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EPXX0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRiollet, Virginie. „Vers la synthèse d'une nouvelle classe de catalyseurs d'époxydation pour la chimie fine“. Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlanc, Alexandre. „Bases organiques fortes ancrées sur silices mésoporeuses. Applications en chimie organique fine“. Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20188.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChatron-Michaud, Pascal. „Synthèse de banques de catalyseurs pour la polymérisation d’oléfines“. Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first chapter deals with the design of a new ligands library for the ethylene polymerization. A high throughput synthesis and screening approach is developed during this chapter to test a library of 2-iminobenzimidazole complexed on various late transition metals. This makes possible to draw conclusion on this type of ligands as well as for general polymerization important factors (temperature, pressure…) The second and the third chapters deal with the modification of bis-imine ligands by introducing a pyridyle group. This pyridyle group makes the ligands potentially N-alkylable, which changes the ligands and catalysts behaviours. The influence of the N-alkylation on those catalysts has been studied through NMR, FTIR and polymerization experiments. The last chapter is to make a method for the synthesis and the heterogeneous screening of unbridged métallocènes. The method has been applied on 36 catalysts
Brunel, Jean-Michel. „Catalyseurs organophosphorés chiraux : synthèse et application dans les réactions de réduction énantiosélective par le borane“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThomas, Amélie. „La synthèse de nouveaux catalyseurs organométalliques à base d'hétéropolyacides supportés sur silice“. Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10340.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePandarus, Valerica. „Une nouvelle classe de catalyseurs hétérogènes au palladium et au platine pour la chimie organique de synthèse“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36595.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTout d’abord, le support organosilicique a été dopé avec des unités Al₂O₃. Les nouveaux catalyseurs à base de NPs de Pd/Pt sur un support organosilicique dopé avec des unités Al₂O₃, Pd⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅- Al₂O₃ et Pt⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅- Al₂O₃, se sont démarqués par une stabilité élevée à l'air et à l'humidité. L’ajout de 2 % massique d’Al₂O₃ a permis d’augmenter la teneur en Pd de 0,5 à 2,0 % massique et la teneur en Pt de 2,0 à 5,0 % massique tout en maintenant une très grande dispersion du métal (NPs de Pd/Pt d’environ 2-4 nm). L’ajout d’Al₂O₃ a également augmenté leur activité catalytique autant dans des conditions douces qu’à température et pression élevées, en raison de la présence des sites acides. Cependant, les deux catalyseurs de morphologie irrégulière, synthétisés par une méthode sol-gel in-situ, ont échoué dans les essais de réutilisation. Cela est expliqué par la faible résistance mécanique du support en favorisant le frittage des NPs métalliques Afin d’augmenter la résistance mécanique du support et d’améliorer l’activité catalytique des catalyseurs hétérogènes au Pd/Pt, le procédé de synthèse sol-gel in-situ générant des matériaux de morphologie incontrôlable a été remplacé par un procédé de précipitation dans lequel des NPs métalliques ont été séquestrées dans les cages mésoporeuses d’une matrice 100 % organosilicique de morphologie sphérique. La synthèse des particules sphériques a été réalisée par un procédé d’émulsion huile-dans-eau en utilisant seulement du MTES comme précurseur de silice. Ce type de synthèse a permis de faire une condensation à une température de 90 °C pendant 24 h, ce qui a fortement augmenté la robustesse du support. L’activité catalytique du catalyseur de morphologie sphérique Pd⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅ avec une teneur en Pd de 2,5 % massique (NPs de Pd de 2-3 nm), a été évaluée dans l’hydrogénation catalytique du squalène végétal en l’absence de solvant, dans des conditions douces mais également dans des conditions plus sévères de température et de pression. Le catalyseur s’est avéré actif à des températures supérieures à 70 °C et à des pressions d’H₂ de 3 à 20 atm, pour des pourcentages molaires de Pd par rapport au squalène de 0,50 à 0,05 mol %. Le catalyseur a été facilement récupéré et réutilisé dans huit réactions consécutives avec de très petites quantités de Pd lessivé dans le produit brut de réaction (inférieure à 1 mg kg⁻¹), ouvrant ainsi la voie à une hydrogénation écologique et moins coûteuse du squalène végétale. L’activité catalytique du catalyseur de morphologie sphérique Pt⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅ avec une teneur en Pt de 5 % massique (NPs de Pt de 4-7 nm) a été évaluée dans l’hydrosilylation des oléfines en l’absence de solvant et à l’air.
Le catalyseur s’est avéré actif pour des pourcentages molaires de Pt par rapport à l’oléfine de 0,100 à 0,005 mol %. Le catalyseur a été facilement récupéré et réutilisé dans trois réactions consécutives avec de très faibles quantités de Pt lessivé dans le produit brut de réaction (inférieures à 5 mg kg⁻¹). Ce type de synthèse a permis de développer des catalyseurs plus actifs (conversion et sélectivité supérieures à 90 %), stables et réutilisables, ouvrant la voie à des applications vertes et moins coûteuses, d’une importance primordiale pour la chimie fine et pour l’industrie pharmaceutique. Ce projet se démarque par son originalité dans le type unique des supports développés pour séquestrer les NPs de Pd/Pt. Le caractère hydrophobe des supports synthétisés exclusivement à partir du silane hybride protège les NPs métalliques de l'oxydation. Nous avons montré que le xérogel de silice modifiée organiquement (100 % MTES) de morphologie sphérique et fonctionnalisée avec des NPs de Pd ou de Pt, Pd⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅ et Pt⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅ , conduit à des catalyseurs robustes, stables à l’air et à l’humidité, hautement actifs et sélectifs. Des essais catalytiques réalisés sur une période de deux ans avec les deux catalyseurs, conservés dans des conditions innertes ou à l’air, à 4 °C et à 22 °C, ont montré une activité catalytique inchangée. Les analyses d’adsorption d’N₂ et les analyses de difusion de la lumière ont montré des caractéristiques physiques similaires, même après deux ans. Comparés à d’autres catalyseurs commerciaux utilisés dans l’industrie, les catalyseurs hydrophobes de morphologie sphérique Pd⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅ et Pt⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅, commercialisés par SiliCycle Inc comme SiliaCat Pd⁰ et SiliaCat Pt⁰, ont montré les meilleures performances catalytiques. Ils peuvent facilement être manipulés à l'air, ne montrant aucune tendance à s'enflammer. Les catalyseurs développés sont disponibles pour effectuer des réactions en présence ou en l’absence de solvant, dans des conditions douces, mais également à des températures et à des pressions élevées. Ceci permert d’offrir des méthodes économiques appropriées pour fabriquer des produits à moindre coût, en utilisant des procédés totalement écologiques.
The addition to 2 wt% of Al₂O₃ made it possible to increase the Pd content from 0.5 to 2.0 wt% and the Pt content from 2.0 to 5.0 wt% while keeping a very high metal dispersion (Pd/Pt NPs of size 2-4 nm). The addition of Al₂O₃ also made it possible to increase their catalytic activity under mild conditions as well as at high temperature and pressure, due to the presence of acidic sites. However, both catalysts, synthesized by an in-situ sol-gel method, failed in the reuse tests. This is explained by the low mechanical resistance of the support favoring the sintering of metal NPs. To increase the mechanical resistance of the support and to improve the catalytic activity of Pd/Pt heterogeneous catalysts, the in-situ sol-gel synthesis process was replaced by a precipitation process where the metal NPs were sequestered in the mesoporous cages of a 100% hydrophobic organosilica support of spherical morphology. The synthesis of the spherical particles was carried out by an oil-in-water emulsion process using only MTES as a source of silica. This type of synthesis allowed extensive condensation at 90 °C for 24 h, which greatly increased the robustness of the support. The catalytic activity of the Pd⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅ spherical morphology catalyst, with a Pd content of 2.5 wt% (Pd NPs of size 2-3 nm) was evaluated in the catalytic hydrogenation of vegetable squalene in the absence of solvent, in mild conditions but also under more severe conditions of temperature and pressure. The catalyst was found to be active at temperatures above 70 °C and at H₂ pressures of 3 to 20 atm, for molar percentage of Pd relative to squalene of 0.50 to 0.05 mol %. The catalyst was easily recovered and reused in eight consecutive reactions with very small amounts of leached Pd in the reaction crude product (less than 1 mg kg⁻¹) paving the way for environmentally friendly and less expensive vegetable squalene hydrogenation. The catalytic activity of the Pt⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅ spherical morphology catalyst with a Pt content of 5 wt% (Pt NPs of size 4-7 nm) was evaluated in the hydrosilylation of olefins in the absence of solvent and in the air. The catalyst was found to be active at molar percentage of Pt relative to the olefin of 0.100 to 0.005 mol%. The catalyst was easily recovered and reused in three consecutive reactions with very small amounts of leached Pt in the silylated reaction crude product (less than 5 mg kg⁻¹). This type of synthesis has made it possible to develop catalysts that are more active (conversion and selectivity greater than 90%), stable and reusable, paving the way for green and less expensive applications, of paramount importance for fine chemistry and for pharmaceutical industry.
The originality of this project consists of the unique type of supports developed to encapsulate Pd/Pt NPs. The hydrophobicity of the supports synthesized exclusively from the organosilanes protects the metal NPs against oxidation. We have shown that the organically modified (100% MTES) spherical silica xerogel functionalized with NPs of Pd or Pt, Pd⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅ and Pt⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅, leads to highly active and selective, stables to air and moisture, robust catalysts. The catalytic test, carried out during a periode of two years with the two Pd/Pt catalysts stored under inert conditions or in air at 4 °C and 22 °C, showed unchanged catalytic activity. N₂- adsorption and light scattering analyzes showed similar physical characteristics even after two years. Compared with other commercial catalysts used in industry, the spherical hydrophobic catalysts Pd⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅ and Pt⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅, marketed by Silicycle Inc. as SiliaCat Pd⁰ and SiliaCat Pt⁰, showed the best catalytic performance. They can be easily handled in the air showing no tendency to ignite. The catalysts developed are available for carrying out reactions in the presence or absence of solvent, under mild conditions, but also at high temperature and pressure, thus offering economical methods suitable for making low-cost products, using a completely ecological process.
The heterogeneous palladium/platinum (Pd/Pt) catalysts studied are part of a new range of heterogeneous catalysts developed at SiliCycle Inc for fine chemicals and pharmaceutical chemistry. These catalysts are synthesized from Pd/Pt nanoparticles (NPs) sequestered in the mesoporous cages of hydrophobic organosilicon support MeSiO₁, ₅. The hydrophobic nature of the catalysts is generated by the presence of the methyl groups of the methyltriethoxysilane silane (MTES) used as a monomer in the synthesis of the support. These heterogeneous catalysts, stable in air and moisture, have been found to be very reactive in many chemical reactions, especially under mild conditions of temperature and pressure, for example in carboncarbon coupling reactions, in hydrogenation reactions or in hydrosilylation reactions. The problem is that these catalysts proved to be reactive only for low metal contents (0.5 wt% Pd and 2.0 wt% Pt) and that their catalytic activity decreases considerably in the reusability test at high temperature and high pressure. Under these conditions the catalysts are no longer reusable. The main objective of this thesis is to make improvements to this class of hydrophobic catalysts in order to further increase their catalytic activity and their selectivity. Thus, novel heterogeneous catalytic materials stable to air and moisture have been developed. These catalysts are characterized by better mechanical resistence and stability of Pd/Pt NPs to sintering with high reuse capability under mild conditions, but also at high temperatures and pressures. Their catalytic activity has been evaluated in green applications with high industrial impact. The catalytic activity of Pd catalysts was evaluated in the hydrogenation of squalene to squalane, a fully saturated hydrocarbon, easily adopted by cosmetic formulators for its remarkable properties such as its high stability to oxidation, rancidity and heat. The catalytic activity of the Pt catalysts was evaluated in the hydrosilylation reaction, one of the most important methods for the synthesis of organosilicon compounds and particularly for the industrial scale production of organosilanes by addition of Si-H bonds to double bonds. First, the organosilicon support was doped with Al₂O₃ units. The new catalyst with Pd/Pt NPs encapsulated in the mesoporous cages of an organosilicic support doped with Al₂O₃ units, Pd⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅-Al₂O₃ and Pt⁰/MeSiO₁, ₅-Al₂O₃, have shown a high stability in air and humidity.
Le, Brazidec Jean-Yves. „Synthèse de bêta-C-glucosides catalysée par le palladium(0) et application à la synthèse de dérivés oxacycliques“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarrot, Sébastien. „Carbènes N-Hétérocycliques : Des catalyseurs en chimie des silicones. Carbodiphosphoranes cycliques : Synthèse, coordination et réactivité“. Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a first chapter, we are interested in the use of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes like nucleophilic organic catalysts for ring opening polymerization of octamethylcyclosiloxane and for reactions of polycondensation. In a second chapter, we carry out a bibliographical review on compounds presenting two cumulated ylides functions : carbodiphosphoranes. In a third chapter, we present the synthesis and the coordination of new cyclic carbodiphosphoranes. They are recognized to be strong s-donor ligands for transition metals. In a fourth chapter, we study the thermolysis of one of these compounds which leads by rearrangement to the formation of a 1,2l5-azaphosphète. A theoretical study highlights an inter-conversion between carbodiphosphoranes and disphosphinocarbenes
Kuhn, Philippe. „Zéolithes et chimie organique : Elaboration de nouvelles voies de synthèses vertes“. Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/KUHN_Philippe_2011.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work presented in this manuscript relates the application of zeolites in organic chemistry. Used in their acidic form or doped with copper(I) cations, to exhibit coupling properties, they exhibit a high efficiency and flexibility. Those acids, are easy to handle and well indicated in green chemistry. The development of a new chlorination system, using zeolites and trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), has been studied. A variety of aromatics, activated or not, has been chlorinated with this system. The first method, in liquid/solid phase, allows chlorination of activated or weakly activated aromatics. The second, in solid/gas and in continuous flow, in a plug-flow reactor, allows to avoid temperature limitation due to the use of solvents. This method is able to chlorinate strong deactivated aromatics such as nitrobenzene. Doping zeolites with copper(I) creates a heterogeneous catalyst which exhibits functionality provided by zeolites themselves and copper(I) cations. Those functionalities are useful in Glaser coupling reaction (alkyne homocoupling). Preparation followed by multiple characterizations allow us to target more efficiently properties of copper(I) doped zeolites. The elaborated synthesis provides extraction and manipulation facilities and also good to excellent yields in homocoupling products
Bernardon, Claire. „Les zéolithes comme catalyseurs "verts" pour la synthèse organique : de leur synthèse à façon à leurs applications en chimie organique“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZeolites are crystalline porous aluminosilicates and useful heterogeneous catalysts in chemical industries. They represent one of the significant solutions to main environmental concerns. Thanks to their particular properties like shape selectivity and intrinsic acidities of Lewis and Brønsted, zeolites offer unbeatable abilities in organic synthesis. More than 230 structures have already been discovered, which afford thousands discovery and offer a lot of possibilities.This work was focused on (i) a better understanding of zeolite crystallisation in the presence of an additional component from sugar industry, sugarcane bagasse; (ii) several characterization techniques have been used for a precise structure – properties understanding, mainly for their acidity; (iii) tailored-made catalysts have been tested in model reactions like Diels-Alder and Friedel-Crafts acylation. Hence, optimal catalysts exhibiting required properties could be prepared. This Thesis also aimed to explain zeolite crystallization thanks to sacrificial additional template.BEA, MFI, FAU and LTA zeolites have been prepared then optimized for catalytic testing in different reactions, while keeping in mind the Green Chemistry concept
Audic, Nicolas. „Immobilisation de catalyseurs organométalliques sur supports solubles. Applications en synthèse organique“. Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10082.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGaval, Pooja. „Catalyseurs pour la synthèse du butadiène via le procédé Ostromyslensky développés par Chimie organométallique de surface“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1315/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the recent years on-purpose synthesis of butadiene using bioethanol has gained unprecedented attention owing to rise in interest for bio-based feedstock along with the steeply increasing demand for butadiene (BD). In this regard a relevant process is the Ostromyslensky’s two-step process, involving dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde in a separate step, followed by butadiene production in the second stage by co-feeding ethanol and acetaldehyde. Although the economic viability and feasibility of this ethanol to butadiene (ETB) process is well established, there is a room for better catalytic performances and selectivity. In this endeavour our aim was to develop a family of well-defined Ta-based silica-supported catalysts through Surface Organometallic Chemistry (SOMC) and test them in the conversion of EtOH/AA to BD. The first set of pre-catalysts was synthesized by treating the previously known [(=SiO)2TaHx] with N2O as mild oxidant. The second family of catalysts was prepared by calcination of the tantalum alkyl species at 500°C. The pre-catalysts were characterized by FTIR, SS NMR, UV-vis-DRS, XRD, EXAFS and HR-STEM. The N2O oxidized SOMC pre-catalysts were found to have mostly isolated [(=SiO)2Ta(OH)x] species populating the surface whereas the family of pre-catalysts synthesized via calcination evidenced a mixture of surface species, including string-like aggregations.Catalytic tests over these catalysts generated promising results exhibiting superior catalysis in the transformation of EtOH/AA to BD in terms of both BD selectivity and yield compared to the state of the art. In addition to the excellent selectivity a narrow range of product distribution and negligible coke formation was observed. Isolated TaOx species on the N2O oxidized pre-catalyst showed markedly better activity and were found to be the active sites in this conversion compared to the string-like aggregation of tantalum centres on the calcined material. Based on this and in-situ DRIFT studies over the catalysts a preliminary mechanism for this conversion was proposed
Frappa, Isabelle. „Utilisation du palladium dans la chimie des sucres : synthèse d'aminoacides glycosidiques et de disaccharides“. Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10322.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoux, Yoann. „Développement de catalyseurs d'oxydation bio-inspirés pour une chimie plus respectueuse de l'environnement“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS142/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA major scientific lock encountered during the development of bio-inspired oxidation catalysts is the metal reduction step to allow activation of dioxygen. In this optic, we have developped a macromolecular system composed of a water-soluble polymer in which two kinds of cofactors are incorporated; (1) redox cofactors capable of collecting electrons from a reducing agent in solution, and (2) catalytic cofactors capable of activating oxygen. In order to allow the incorporation of these co-factors within the polymer, the latter one has been modified by various chemical groups which have been quantified by proton NMR in water. Furthermore, the synthesis of various metal complexes, known as good oxidation catalysts, such as metalloporphyrins or mononuclear and dinuclear complexes of iron and copper was performed.These catalysts were first studied with H2O2 in water in the presence or the absence of polymer. In parallel, the incorporation of FMN by electrostatic interactions within the polymer has generated a system capable of collecting the electrons of NADH in solution. This reduction was found 4 000 times faster than the reduction without modified polymer. This artificial reductase (FMN + PEI modified) was then demonstrated to very efficiently reduce manganese porphyrins as well as other metal complexes. During this study, the ability of the system to split electron pairs collected from NADH has also been demonstrated. Finally, this artificial reductase has been associated with various metal catalysts in order to study their catalytic activity for various oxidation reaction using dioxygen
Azzouni, Safa. „Contribution à la synthèse de nouveaux hétérocycles phosphorés“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objectives of this project will be to contribute to the development of new routes of synthesis of phosphorus heterocycles. the formation of C-P bonds by a Pd-assisted strategy from anilinium hypophosphite are among the challenges of this project. Indeed, the selective production of symmetrical and / or dissymmetrical phosphinates represents a first key step. Several methods of cyclization of this platform are envisaged towards cyclic phosphinates
Richard, Vincent. „Etudes des cycloadditions [2+2+2] ET [2+2+2+2] des yne-ynamides et leur application dans la synthèse de produits naturels“. Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCatalysis by transition metals is a key element for the development of Green Chemistry, in particular for the decrease of waste, energy consumption, for its efficiency in atoms economy and its interest of an economic point of view. The efficiency of a process can be defined in terms of complexity, selectivity and economy of atom. Catalytic reactions can respect all these criteria simultaneously. So, the association of catalysis and organic chemistry allows to envisage new more economic and more ecological organic syntheses. An important aspect of this approach is the development of new ligands and/or catalysts, which allow to realize effective and selective reactions and the creation of original catalytic processes. During this work, we were interested in the cycloaddition reactions catalyzed by several organometallic complexes and involving in particular ynes-ynamides motives First of all, after a short presentation of this motive in organic synthesis, we developed a straightforward approach to - and -carbolines, tricyclic alkaloids possessing an indol framework, via a ruthenium- or rhodium-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition between an yne-ynamide and a nitrile derivative. Afterward we reported the synthesis of pyridine compounds via an iron-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition. Finally, in the last chapter, we started a program dedicated to nickel-catalyzed [2+2+2+2] cycloaddition and applied this methodology to the skeleton of Caulerpin
Gergely, Bernadett. „Synthèse et caractérisation de catalyseurs à base d'oxyde d'étain et de gallium“. Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10166.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSouchon-Kammerer, Françoise. „Cyclisations induites par le palladium à partir de monoépoxydes de Cyclodiènes : une approche de la synthèse de la phyllanthocine“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLegrand, Olivier. „Nouveaux oxydes d'ortho-hydroxyarylphosphines chiraux, synthèse et applications en catalyse asymétrique“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLevy, Caroline. „Synthèse d'oxydes nanophases conducteurs par chimie douce : mise en évidence de la mobilité de l'oxygène“. Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMistico, Laëtitia. „Synthèse de nouveaux hétérocycles silylés par réarrangement anionique ou par activation C-H“. Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGadou, Richard. „Organocatalyseurs tensioactifs : synthèse, propriétés et application en catalyse asymétrique en milieu aqueux“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe starting goal of this work was to develop new fonctionnalized surfactants, to characterize them and to use them as organocatalysts involved in chemical reactions (aldol reaction, Michael addition) in aqueous media. Amphiphilic derivatives of Prolinamide and of aminomethylpyrrodidine have been synthesised coupling an aliphatic and hydrophobic chain (C12) or a surfactant polyethoxylated block (C12E8) with the pyrrolidinic catalytic block. These molecules have been characterized by their surfactant properties and for some of them by their aggregates structure by SANS (ellipsoide with polar hydrated shell, cylinders). These surfactant organocatalysts have been used in aldol reaction and Michael addition. Screenings show that ProAmide-C12, TFA is the most efficient catalyst (yield, stereoselectivity) with cyclohexanone. ProAmide-C12E8 is the most efficient catalyst with an hydrosoluble ketone (acetone). These different reactivities are due to HLB differencies between the 2 catalysts and by a different localization of the reactionnal medium. These organocatalysts can be recycled using an ecofriendly process, without using any organic solvents. Finally, NMR1H studies of starting materials localization in micellar solutions show different localizations with ProAmide-C12, TFA (in hydrophobic core) or with ProAmide-C12E8 (in polar shell). Isotopic exchanges show the different equilibria which take place in reactionnal medium
Hoffmann, Pascal. „Synthèse de nouvelles métalloporphyrines halogénées : accès à de nouveaux catalyseurs biomimétiques d'oxydation“. Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30207.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePéruch, Olivier. „Nouveaux catalyseurs pour la synthèse du méthanethiol par hydrosulfuration du méthanol“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2282.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMethanethiol is a key intermediate in methionine synthesis, an amino-acid which is widely used in food-processing industry
Lomberget, Thierry. „Nouvelle voie d'accès palladocatalysée à des diènes 1,3-bis-exocycliques et des triènes 1,3,5 : étude de leur réactivité, approche de la synthèse du (±)-dichroanal B“. Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10159.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHarmand, Lydie. „Nouveaux systèmes catalytiques au cuivre pour la cycloaddition de Huisgen : synthèse et étude de la réactivité de catalyseurs supramoléculaires photoactivables pour la chimie « click »“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14626/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the development of catalysts for the copper-catalyzed reaction between alkynes and azides (CuAAC), one of the most important reactions of modern chemistry. As a first step, we have shown that the copper(II) complex [Cu(C186-tren)]Br2 could be used as catalyst for this reaction, and this without adding an external sacrificial reductant such as sodium ascorbate. Spectroscopic studies (EPR, UV-visible) suggest that the alkyne serves as the "internal reductant" In a second step, the use of a tren ligand (tBuBz3tren) bearing three tert-butylbenzene groups allowed to obtain supramolecular copper(II) complexes that were soluble in water by formation of inclusion complexes with beta-cyclodextrins. These complexes proved to be good catalysts for CuAAC, particularly if using sodium ascorbate as the reductant. We then prepared the copper(II) complex, [Cu(tBuBz3tren)ketoprofenate]ketoprofenate, whose counter-ion is the ketoprofenate anion which contains a benzophenone function as a photosensitizer. Under irradiation at 365 nm, the complex is very effectively reduced to copper(I) by photoinduced electron transfer (PET). Our studies have shown that the copper(II) precatalyst can be very efficiently activated by light to generate a highly active copper(I) catalyst for the CuAAC. The control over the catalytic activity of the complex was tested in methanol or toluene for the reaction between various azides and alkynes. The corresponding triazoles were isolated with excellent yields by simple filtration. In addition, once the reaction is initiated photochemically, it is possible to instantly stopped it by introducing air into the reaction medium. Overall, this is the first example of a photoactivatable catalyst for click chemistry
Isaac, James Alfred. „Conception et synthèse de catalyseurs de cuivre bio-inspirés pour l'activation de liaisons C-H“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV068/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCopper-oxygen adducts in enzymes have been proposed to be responsible for the activation of C-H bonds, a process that has industrial applications. The first part of this thesis is therefore dedicated to a discussion on various copper oxygenases and their model complexes. Recently, key reactive intermediates have emerged and among them mixed valent CuIICuIII species have been proposed to be responsible for strong C-H bond activation.In this work the stabilisation and spectroscopic characterisation of high valent intermediates using dinucleating ligands based on a 1,8-naphthyridine spacer are explored. The generation of Cu2:O2 species from the activation of O2 by CuI2 complexes is discussed. Two µ-ɳ2:ɳ2-peroxo-CuII2 complexes have been prepared at -80°C and characterised by spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT). Our attempts at generating dinuclear systems using new dissymmetric ligands with an amide function are also discussed. Finally the successful characterisation of mixed valent CuIICuIII species by mono-electronic oxidation of CuII2 complexes is described (cyclic voltammetry, electron paramagnetic resonance, UV-visible, near infrared and DFT).The last part focusses on probing the reactivity of CuIICuIII species, for which the literature is almost inexistent. When sterically congested ligands are used to support the mixed valent system, intramolecular aliphatic C-H oxidation was observed, whether as the CuIICuIII species supported by a less bulky ligand was able to oxidise toluene. Interestingly the addition of a base made the system catalytic
Lhomme, Julien. „Nouveaux catalyseurs et systèmes catalytiques appliqués à la synthèse du polyuréthane via la réaction isocyanate – alcool“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0158/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to replace organotin and organomercury catalysts used for the synthesis of polyurethane via the isocyanate – alcohol reaction. A bibliographic review revealed that basicity and nucleophilicity of an organic catalyst affect its activity and the reaction mechanism it induces. For organometallic catalysts, these catalytic properties can be explained by electronic considerations and by the HSAB principle. On the other hand, a comprehensive study of the organomercury catalyst highlighted the benefit to combine it with a carboxylic acid, preferably with a long carbon backbone. This slows down hydrolysis of the catalyst while increasing its selectivity toward the isocyanate – alcohol reaction. New original catalysts or catalytic systems were then evaluated using a simplified experiment. Three organometallic catalysts were selected for further testing in conditions closer to industrial ones. They all showed appropriate catalytic activity, but the zinc II -diketonate is the only one to provide a colorless and transparent prepolymer, two essential criteria for the intended applications. This complex could therefore replace the organotin catalyst. Finally, the study of the selectivity of catalytic systems involving a commercial catalyst in the presence of neodecanoic acid confirmed its protective role toward hydrolysis. The previously retained zinc complex was also evaluated and revealed a selectivity 2.5 times greater than that of the organomercurial complex to replace
Bourrez, Marc. „Synthèse, étude et caractérisation de nouveaux catalyseurs moléculaires pour la réduction du Coú en vue de son utilisation comme source de carbone“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGaschard-Pasquet, Véronique. „Synthèse contrôlée de copolymères éthylène-butène par catalyse Ziegler-Natta bisupportée“. Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10508.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNechab, Malek. „Synthèse et mise en oeuvre de nouveaux catalyseurs d'oxydation énantiosélectifs non métalliques“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00107090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePour mettre en œuvre l'oxydation énantiosélective de substrats organiques, une synthèse modulable d'organocatalyseurs à symétrie C2, analogues du NHPI, a été réalisée. Certains de ces organocatalyseurs portant des fonctions carbamates ont montré de bonnes activités catalytiques lors de l'oxydation de nombreux substrats et surtout une très bonne sélectivité dans le dédoublement cinétique d'oxazolidines où des facteurs de stéréosélectivté de l'ordre de 40 ont pu être obtenus. Ces résultats, très intéressants, ouvrent la voie au développement d'une nouvelle méthodologie d'oxydation énantiosélective de substrats organiques.
Ben, Salem Roua. „Catalyseurs à base d'oxydes métalliques fluorés : synthèse, caractérisations et applications catalytiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6c53kx4.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work focuses on the synthesis of new fluorinated metal catalysts, using trifluoroacetic acid (TFAH) as fluorine precursor, their physico-chemical characterizations and the study of their acid-base properties in the gas and aqueous phases. The first synthesis is the anionic exchange between oxo/hydroxo supports of titanium, of niobium and of zirconium, with high specific areas, and a solution of TFAH. The fluorine retention, before and after calcination, is greater using the zirconium support. The presence of fluorine inhibits the basicity of the zirconia and generates Brønsted acidity due to the electron-withdrawing effect of fluorine and makes the catalyst’s surface more hydrophobic. Fluorinated zirconia produces selectively propene from isopropanol in gas phase and pyruvaldehyde from dihydroxyacetone in water. The second synthesis is new multi-step approach coupling the decomposition of an yttrium-based fluorine precursor Y(TFA)3(H2O)3 into YF3 NPs and their incorporation into TiO2. Various physico-chemical characterization techniques (XPS, XRD, 19F NMR) indicate that fluorine exists in the form of YF3 in the TiO2 matrix, stable at after calcination at 500°C. YF3 dispersed in TiO2 of high surface area catalyzes efficiently the conversion of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) in water
Bini, Fabien. „Applications de la chimie organométallique de surface à l'époxydation des oléfines : synthèse de catalyseurs à base de titane et investigations mécanistiques“. Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10222.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGatard, Sylvain. „Nouveaux complexes ruthenium-carbene : synthèse et application à l'amorçage de polymérisation par les métallodendrimères“. Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12575.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJouvin, Kévin. „Synthèse d'alcynes hétérosubstitués par réactions cupro-catalysées“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHetero-substituted alkynes are most useful building-blocks in organic synthesis and also display interesting properties, especially in medicinal chemistry. Besides the apparent simplicity of this scaffold, the synthesis of such molecules is still far away from being a trivial task and relies on complex procedures that often suffer from harsh conditions, or on the use of sophisticated reagents and usually lacks generality. We have developed various, general, mild and efficient processes for the synthesis of alkynes substituted by nitrogen, phosphorus and oxygen atoms. Altogether, these reactions should contribute to the development of the chemistry of these molecules, and to the expansion of copper organometallic chemistry as well
Porcher, Jean-Philippe. „Synthèse de complexes bioinspirés de Mo et W catalyseurs pour la réduction des protons“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066301/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEnzymes containing molybdenum or tungsten within their active sites appear to be present in all form of life. Most of them are oxotransferase or hydroxylase. They contain one or two pyranopterin-dithiolene cofactor, also called Moco, in which the metal is coordinated by the dithiolene moiety. The molybdenum cofactor is highly unstable and mimicking the active site of these enzymes is challenging. A new strategy for the synthesis of a pyranopyrazine dithiolene ligand (qpdt) has been developed in our laboratory. The corresponding molybdenum complex (Bu4N)2[MoO(qpdt)2] was synthesized and characterized extensively. This unique Mo-enzyme biomimetic complex demonstrated its potential for H2 production. This complex was shown to be active for the photoreduction of protons in acidic conditions (pH = 4), in the presence of the catalyst, the photosensitizer Ru(bpy)32+, ascorbic acid in exces and gave excellent activities of 500 TON with a high stability in aqueous organic media. Moreover, the electroreduction of protons by this complex in acetonitrile showed a remarkable rate constant value of 1030 s-1 at 1.3 V. (vs Ag/AgCl). To valorize this very original ligand qpdt, (Et4N)[Ni(qpdt)2] and (Et4N)2[Co(qpdt)2]2 bisdithiolene complexes were synthesized and characterized. Preliminary studies of theses complexes have shown a potential for the photoreduction and the electroreduction of protons. These results open new directions for the search of proton reduction catalysts. This first biomimetic complex should also be exploited to understand the chemistry of this class of oxidoreductase that is still not well understood
Perron, Julien. „Synthèse et réactivité d'azépino[3,4-b]indole-1,5-diones diversement substitués“. Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesmarets, Christophe. „Synthèse d'aryl et de polyarylamines par catalyse au nickel pour le développement de nouveaux matériaux conducteurs“. Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work describes the preparation of new nickel catalysts for C-N cross coupling reactions and the physicochemical caracterisation of new polyarylamines synthetised. In a first part, the Ni(0)/bpy catalyst was used for the synthesis of di- and triaminobenzenes from aryl chlorides. Among products prepared, 1,3,5-tris[4-aminophenyl]benzenes showed a original electrochemical behaviour and the formation by oxidation of charge transfert complexes was demonstrated. In the second part, the development of a new nickel catalyst, noted Ni(0)/SIPr in which nickel is coordinated by a N-heterocyclic carbene is described. Contrary to the Ni(0)/bpy catalyst, the Ni(0)/SIPr reagent is efficient for the arylation of all classes of amines. The synthesis of new naphthidines using the Ni(0)/SIPr catalyst, and their oxidation into stable di(radical cation) is finally reported
Cherizol, Robenson. „Études des propriétés catalytiques des nanocatalyseurs d'argent et de cuivre supportés sur l'alumine pour la réduction des NOx“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28199/28199.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParrot, Isabelle. „Synthèse et étude pharmacologique d'agents cholinergiques promnésiques : Approche par la synthèse parallèle en phase solide, et développement de ligands fluorescents“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13201.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClique, Blandine. „Synthèse d'hétérocycles azotés polyfonctionnels à l'aide de métaux de transition : nouvelle réaction à composants multiples pour la chimie combinatoire“. Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10181.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDerule, Hervé. „Influence du degré d'oxydation du métal sur la sélectivité des catalyseurs de synthèse Fischer-tropsch“. Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2268.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbiuso, Maria. „Pentaalkylguanidines : étude par RMN de la basicité ; synthèse et activité catalytique de résiines polystyrène modifiées“. Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10310.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGhazi, Mohamed. „Conversion du gaz de synthèse en produits oxygénés en présence de catalyseurs nickel-molybdène supportés“. Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZelli, Renaud. „Synthèse sans catalyseurs métalliques de systèmes multivalents à base d'iminosucres, nouveaux inhibiteurs de glycosidases“. Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIminosugars are naturally occurring, polyhydroxylated monocyclic (pyrrolidine, piperidine, azepane) and bicyclic (pyrrolizidine, indolizidine, nortropane) nitrogenated compounds endowed with strong inhibition activity against glycosidases, the enzymes that catalyse the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds in glycoconjugates. The development of new iminosugar derivatives is essential to obtain new treatments against diseases such as type II diabetes, cystic fibrosis or lysosomal storage disorders (Gaucher and Fabry diseases). Although the development of glycosidase inhibitors based on iminosugar clusters was not explored for a long period of time, recent studies have demonstrated that multivalent iminosugars are stronger and more selective inhibitors than the corresponding monovalent compounds. However, nearly two thirds of all the di- and multivalent iminosugars known to date, including the calixarene-based iminosugar clusters synthesized at the beginning of the thesis work, were obtained by means of the copper-mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Unfortunately, this highly efficient reaction leads to the contamination of the multivalent compounds by significant amounts of noxious copper ions. Thus, the main aim of the present PhD research was the development of new ligation tools for the synthesis of multivalent iminosugars in the absence of metal catalysts. First, the ligations already exploited for the preparation of multivalent sugars, such as the photoinduced radical addition of thiol to terminal akenes (thiol-ene coupling) and the oxime ligation, were successfully applied to the iminosugars. Both approaches allowed the synthesis of iminosugar clusters based on calixarene and cyclopeptide scaffolds, respectively. Then, an unprecedented approach to multivalent sugars and iminosugars was developed taking advantage of the uncommon stability and reactivity of the sulfonyl fluoride moieties. The coupling of the latter with partners bearing a primary amine group afforded the corresponding sulfonamide-linked sugar and iminosugar clusters in high yield. Finally, the above-mentioned thiol-ene coupling also allowed the straightforward preparation of new iminosugar pseudo-disaccharides, a class of inhibitors endowed with higher glycosidase selectivity than the corresponding monosaccharidic iminosugar. This feature is due to the presence of the sugar unit which improves the analogy with the natural oligosaccharidic substrates of the glycosidases
Muraleedharan, Nair Mahesh. „High surface area mesoporous perovskites for catalytic applications“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30509/30509.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerovskites are mixed metal oxides that can be represented by the general formula ABO3. Since the initial report regarding their catalytic activity, these materials have received immense research attention worldwide. Perovskites are proven to be cost effective and efficient alternatives to noble metals for various total/partial oxidation as well as synthetic chemical reactions. Additionally these mixed metal oxides are well known for their high temperature stability, high mobility of oxygen and the stabilization of unusual cation oxidation states. For these reasons various strategies were developed for the synthesis of these materials. However perovskites synthesized using conventional methods generally result in low specific surface area materials, which is a major drawback as far as catalytic applications are concerned. This pertinent lower value of surface area is resulting from the high temperature treatment involved in the synthesis of these materials. This issue was taken up and in the present project the first goal was to obtain perovskite structured mixed metal oxides with high specific surface area. Nanocasting is a recently developed solid templating method that is proven to be efficient for the synthesis of various chemical compositions with extremely high values of specific surface area. By applying this method a series of LaBO3 (B = Mn, Ni, Co, Fe) perovskites were synthesized and these materials were found to posses extremely high values of specific surface areas (up to 150 m2g-1). Initial tests for the total oxidation of methanol as a probe molecule confirmed that these novel materials are highly active catalysts, especially LaMnO3. Further studies confirmed that the enhanced activity was obviously related to the higher specific surface areas and higher amount of adsorbed oxygen species obtained for the nanocast perovskites in comparison with the bulk. Our results demonstrated the proportionality of reaction rates to the specific surface area of the catalyst. In a following study, we chose dry reforming of methane, since this reaction involves the conversion of two green house gases (CH4 and CO2) into syngas (CO + H2), which is more industrially relevant. Promising results were obtained in this case also using nanocast LaNiO3 as a pre-catalyst. Enhanced efficiency and stability were observed for Ni/La2O3 catalysts derived from nanocast LaNiO3 in comparison to its bulk counterpart. In particular, these materials were found to be coke resistant for 48 hours under the conditions of dry reforming.
Goma, Joseph. „Préparation et caractérisation de catalyseurs de type ziegler utilises en synthèse fischer-tropsch en phase liquide“. Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2328.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLautrette, Sophie. „Utilisation des fibres de carbone activé comme catalyseurs de O- et N-glycosylation : Application à la synthèse d'analogues de saponines et de nucléosides“. Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/ecae3fa8-c345-4d91-900a-d5b7ff30cfdf/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0038.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleActivated Carbon Fibers (ACF) constitute a new class of activated carbon widely used for air or waste water treatment. Owing to their microporous structure and to their highly acidic characteristic, we were interested in applying them for the first time as acidic promoter in organic synthesis, notably for solvent free O- and Nglycosylation reactions. The goal of this work is to show the ability of ACF to replace harmful classical acidic catalysts (e. G. Lewis acid). On the basis of ACF characterization (determination of surface area by the Brunauer Emmett and Teller (BET) method, microporous volume by the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation, the surface acidity by Boehm methodology…) and studies on O- and N-glycosylation (effect of reactant concentrations, effect of reaction time and temperature, effect of the kind of reactant) hypothetic mechanisms are proposed, notably for the synthesis of saponin and nucleoside analogues
Rataboul, Franck. „Synthèse d'un hydroxyde de zirconium supporté sur silice : application à la préparation de catalyseurs de la réaction de métathèse des alcanes“. Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10160.
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