Dissertationen zum Thema „Catalyse de polymérisation“
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Hillairet, Caroline. „Catalyse combinatoire pour la polymérisation d'oléfines“. Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLigny, Romain. „Nouveaux (co)polyesters à séquences contrôlées par catalyse de polymérisation stéréosélective“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S110/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters of interest for their application in the biomedical field or as alternative to plastics derived from the petroleum industry. The synthesis of PHAs by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic monomers, β-lactones, enables a good control of the molar mass, the microstructure and the functionality of the polymers. The properties of the polyesters can be tuned by the using different monomers. In recent decades, various PHAs have been synthesized, in particular poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(alkyl malolactonate)s (PMLARs). This work has been extended to the ROP a new family of β-lactones, namely 4-alkoxymethlylene-β-propiolatones (BPLORs). Thus, various yttrium-based catalyst systems provide (co)polymers with original tacticity (syndiotactic, atactic or isotactic) and topology (block, alternating or random copolymers). The stereoselectivity of the catalytic systems implemented is unprecedented in the current scientific context. Indeed, the nature of the substituants on the ancillary ligand of the yttrium complexes enables to tune the microstructure and therefore the properties of the resulting PHAs
Bonnette, Fabien. „Catalyse en parallèle pour la polymérisation d'oléfines polaires“. Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChatron-Michaud, Pascal. „Synthèse de banques de catalyseurs pour la polymérisation d’oléfines“. Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first chapter deals with the design of a new ligands library for the ethylene polymerization. A high throughput synthesis and screening approach is developed during this chapter to test a library of 2-iminobenzimidazole complexed on various late transition metals. This makes possible to draw conclusion on this type of ligands as well as for general polymerization important factors (temperature, pressure…) The second and the third chapters deal with the modification of bis-imine ligands by introducing a pyridyle group. This pyridyle group makes the ligands potentially N-alkylable, which changes the ligands and catalysts behaviours. The influence of the N-alkylation on those catalysts has been studied through NMR, FTIR and polymerization experiments. The last chapter is to make a method for the synthesis and the heterogeneous screening of unbridged métallocènes. The method has been applied on 36 catalysts
Bertrand, Pascale. „Modélisation de la polymérisation de l'éthylène par catalyse Ziegler-Natta“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAjellal, Noureddine. „Oligomérisation, polymérisation et hydrophosphorylation catalytiques d'oléfines et de diènes“. Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEychenne, Patricia. „Catalyse micellaire en présence de sels métalliques : hydrolyse, oxydation et polymérisation“. Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30141.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGomez-Journaud, Corinne. „Mécanismes de la polymérisation du propylène par catalyse Ziegler-Natta hétérogène“. Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBader, Manuëla. „Génération et caractérisation de polypropylène branché par catalyse des zirconocènes“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBecause of its high melting point, high tensile strength, stiffness and chemical resistance, isotactic polypropylene has one of the leading and fast growing thermoplastic polymers in the world. However, commercial PPs usually have relatively low melt strength, which limits their use in applications such as blow molding. Since long-chain branching (LCB) is known to enhance the melt properties of a polymer, several approaches have been developed to make branched polypropylenes (electron beam irradiation, peroxide curing, grafting etc.). Development of metallocene technology provides unprecedented flexibility in polymer design. Many structural features, including LCB, can now be introduced into polymers. In this work, long chain branched isotactic polypropylene (LCB-iPP) was synthesized using {Cp'CR2Flu}ZrCl2 metallocene catalyst and fully characterized (rheological, spectroscopic and thermal analysis). The branching (macro-α-olefins having predominantly vinyl-terminated chain end) was in situ generated and further incorporated by the same catalyst system to obtain LCB-PP/Linear PP blends. The LCB content was increased using a novel tandem catalysts system for converting propylene alone to isotactic polypropylene with long branches which exhibit enhanced melt properties
Revault, Cyril. „Nouveaux catalyseurs pour le couplage C-C : application à la polymérisation des oléfines et à la réaction de Kharasch“. Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe works in this memory describes the carbone-carbone coupling: the first part is the synthesis of new olefin polymerization catalysts. The second one is the study of the influence of supports for the Kharasch reaction. In the first research way, three studies are presented: the study of a library of deprotonated oxime ligands, the study of a library of ligands with a ferrocene and a new methodology for the screening of catalysts for the 1-hexene polymerization. These works show the discovery of an active system for the ethylene polymerization. The last part is the optimization of the Kharasch reaction for an application with a reagent flow. This application may be possible with the use of a support like SBA and with microwave assistance. The complete conversion is obtained after one minute for the best conditions
Zulauf, Anaïs. „Nouveaux complexes salen chiraux polymérisés pour la catalyse asymétrique hétérogène“. Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work was to develop an original methodology to insolubilize chiral salen type chromium complexes based on an oxidative electrochemical polymerization. New complexes were prepared and succesfully electropolymerized thanks to the introduction of thiophen substituents on the 5,5’-positions of the salen moiety. The insoluble polymers obtained as powder by this electrochemical procedure were tested as heterogeneous asymmetric catalysts to promote the formation of different carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds by reactions such as hetero Diels-Alder reactions, Henry reactions, ring opening of epoxides and dimethylzinc additions. The targeted products were synthesized with good yields and enantiomeric excesses. It could be recycled more than 20 times without any loss of activity or enantioselectivity. The results proved an efficient transfer of chirality from the catalysts to the products. We also implement original recycling procedures with the same catalyst batch rarely described in the litterature. One involves a change of the substrate structure at each run (multi-substrate procedure), the other one consists in varying the reaction at each recycling run (multi-reaction procedure). This last methodology demonstrates the robustness of the heterogeneous catalyst but also highlighted some mechanistic considerations for transformations. The synthesis of analogous polymeric salen structures was also performed by polycondensation. A mixture of cyclic oligomers of type « calixsalen » was isolated. Corresponding chromium complexes induced an improved enantioselectivity especially in the ring opening of epoxides and confirmed thus the importance of the morphology of the polymers towards their efficiency
Ebadi, pour Negisa. „Développement de systèmes catalytiques à base de Ca pour la polymérisation sélective de glycérol“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CLIL0027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough many applications are listed to valorize glycerol as a co-produced of the biodiesel sector (at a rate of 100 kg of glycerol per ton of biofuel), the most potential solutions based on advanced chemical transformations today reach rarely the commercial stage. This is mainly due to (i) instability on biodiesel production licenses, thus threatening the availability of glycerol and (ii) a price of glycerol that can fluctuate unpredictably. In the concept of biodiesel production unit, where glycerol is the main co-product, into a concept of oilseed biorefinery, where in particular glycerol-derived products with high added value are produced with biodiesel, will make it possible to overcome uncertainties related to the production of biodiesel while promoting the rapid development of glycerol valorization technologies through the evolution of existing production units. In this context, this thesis project based on very promising preliminary results from our team aims to develop a catalytic process for the efficient valorisation of glycerol in linear polyglycerols (PGs). PGs have recently demonstrated exceptional biocompatibility. They also have direct applications (pharmacy, food, etc.), and large manufacturers also see it increasingly as a base for obtaining other molecules, including PGs esters. The proposed research program will provide a better understanding and optimization of a powerful and robust catalytic system in a particularly favorable regional context
Bolley, Anaëlle. „Catalyse de la polymérisation pour l'obtention de polyesters à caractères hydrophile biodégradable“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarbene adducts with Group 13 metal (aluminium, gallium and indium) and a new aluminium cation stabilized by alkyl groups, have allowed the ROP of lactide under mild and simple conditions. In a second step, amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized with poly(ethylene glycol) leading to the desired PEG-co-PLLA. Organometallic complexes have still put forward their advantages by the use of aluminium’s salen allowing to open the way on the ROP of the α-chloro-ε-caprolactone leading to the poly(α-chloro-ε-caprolactone). The formation of new copolymers, diblocks and stereocomplex has afforded to modulate the obtained homopolymer’s properties, confirmed by the use of the various physicochemical measurements effected on the latter. Finally, the partial post-functionalization according to the Williamson reaction followed by the hydrogenation reaction has led to the obtaining of hydrophilic polymers
Couffin, Aline. „Catalyse organique de polymérisation d'hétérocycles : préparation de (co)polymères biodégradables d'architectures variées“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2159/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is based on a collaboration between the French chemical company Arkema -Groupement de Recherches de Lacq (GRL) and LHFA located in Toulouse. This work consists in developing organocatalytic systems for the preparation of (co)polymers, via ring opening polymerization (ROP), of various monomers. In a first chapter, the copolymerization of e-caprolactone (e-CL) and trimethylenecarbonate (TMC) catalyzed by sulfonic acids is presented. The efficiency of the catalytic system afforded access to well-defined copolymers: blocks and gradients. The study focused on the influence of the operating conditions on the structure of the copolymer and its impact on the copolymer microstructure regarding thermal properties. In a second chapter, the study of sulfonic acid has been transposed to the ROP of beta- butyrolactone (beta-BL). A precise understanding of the polymerization mechanisms allowed us to prepare polybutyrolactones with controlled molecular weights and structures. Copolymerization of e- CL and beta-BL was also studied. Moreover, we have described defined tri- and penta-block structures in the presence of different type of (macro) initiators by an organocatalytic system: triflic acid. The third chapter describes new organocatalytic systems for the controlled ROP of e-CL: phosphoric acids. Experimental results suggest a bifonctionnal activation mode, which is supported by a theoretical study led by Laurent Maron's team in LCPNO. The structure of the catalysts was then modified in order to achieve a stereocontrolled ROP of chiral monomers such as lactide and beta- butyrolactone. Nevertheless, and despite some improvements in terms of catalyst activity, the polymerization remained so far unstereoselective. Finally, in the fourth chapter, phenomena of association between a chiral Brønsted acid and D, L-lactide were identified by spectroscopic studies. The use of this chiral acid as a chiral solvating agent, gives access to an accurate determination of enantiomeric excess of a wide range of monomers used in ROP
Cabrol, Audrey. „Étude de nouveaux supports pour la préparation de catalyseurs hétérogènes de polymérisation d'oléfines en parallèle“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis in partnership with Petrochemicals Total, is composed of two main axis: preparation of new catalysts for ethylene polymerization and analysis of the properties of polyethylenes obtained. Face to a large number of combinations being tested and the diversity of produced polymer, high-throughput methods are essential for the comparison and the distinction of products of interest. Thus, the development of a new method for the preparation of catalysts and for polymerization in parallel leads to compare directly and visually several catalytic complexes according to their activity. Methods of analysis in parallel also led to the polyethylene comparison produced according to their density, melting point and molecular masses. The determination of the molecular masses in parallel required the design of a planar prototype of chromatography and the development of a new method of analysis. The whole of this work in highthroughput provided a large number of information. The statistical processing of this data bank brings a tool of multivariate comparison and helps to the comprehension of the relations catalyst/polymer properties
Guillaume, Clémence. „Ingénierie catalytique de polymérisation pour le développement de nouveaux polyesters fonctionnalisés“. Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S190.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract
Gentil, Sébastien. „Nouveaux complexes de l'anion isodicyclopentadienyle pour la catalyse de polymérisation et de copolymérisation“. Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHeurtefeu, Bertrand. „Supports organiques à base de polyisoprène pour la catalyse de polymérisation de l’éthylène“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14123/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work described in this manuscript relates the development of organic functional supports based on polyisoprene for the catalysis of ethylene polymerization by metallocenes and post-metallocenes. Polyisoprenes ω-OH and block copolymers [polyisoprene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyisoprene-b-poly(ethylene oxide)] with different molecular weights were synthesized by living anionic polymerization. Self-assembly in heptane of (co)polymers leads to the formation of stable micellar aggregates allowing the immobilization of catalytic systems created thanks to interactions between the polar block of the support and the aluminic activator, the most often methylaluminoxane. The ethylene polymerization in the presence of organic support drives, without loss of catalytic activity, to the formation of polyethylene particles of micrometer size. Using the same methodology, polyisoprenes bearing at their ends a borate function have been synthesized and advantageously used as supports activators of pre-alkylated metallocenes. In this case, polyethylene particles with a millimeter size have been obtained
Delcroix, Damien. „Catalyse organique de polymérisation d'hétérocycles : application à la synthèse de modifiants polymères biodégradables“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1439/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is based on a collaboration between Arkema - Groupement de Recherches de Lacq (GRL) and LHFA in Toulouse. Catalytic systems with original mode of activation have been developped for the ring-opening polymerization of various monomers. The polymerization processes have been optimized in the laboratory and scaled-up at the GRL. In a first chapter, the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of e-caprolactone (e-CL) catalyzed by sulfonic acids is presented. A very good control is reached upon the polymerizations and allows the synthesis of well-defined poly(caprolactone) with masses up to 20 000 g/mol. An original mode of action is suggested by these experimental results and the mechanisms of polymerization are identified to be bifonctional based on an theoretical study lead by Laurent Maron's team in LCPNO. In a second chapter, the same catalytic system is successfully transposed to the ROP of Triméthylènecarbonate (TMC). A precise compréhension of the polymerization mechanisms allows us to prepare polycarbonates with controlled masses and structures. The copolymerization of TMC and e-CL is also investigated. We describe the structures of copolymers available through a methanesulfonic acid catalyzed copolymerization. The thermic properties of the synthetized copolymers are characterized by DSC. The third chapter introduces new catalytic systems for the ROP of e-CL : phosphoric acids and their derivatives. Experimental suggest again a bifonctionnal activation mode, which is supported by a theoretical study. These catalysts are further employed to achieve a stereocontrolled ROP of chiral monomers. Eventually, in the fourth chapter, a sequential ROP of two different monomers (esters and cyclic siloxanes) is described for the synthesis of thermoplastic elastomers composed of polysiloxanes and polylactide for precise applications in the industrial field
Humbert, Matthieu. „Réactivité et Spectroscopies pour caractériser l'effet des acides de Lewis en Catalyse de Polymérisation Ziegler-Natta“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1352.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe understanding of active sites structure in Ziegler-Natta catalysis remains academically and industrially challenging. Recently, the use of Lewis acids during the preparation of Ziegler-Natta catalysts has led to activity enhancements in ethylene (and α-olefin) polymerization. Under these optimal activity conditions and to assess the Lewis-acid role, we have developed spectroscopic methods, in particular solid-state-NMR, using different observable nuclei at the active-center vicinity. Various treatments by Lewis acids were first performed on a native and industrially relevant Ziegler-Natta precatalyst (TiCl4/MgCl2/Lewis bases: THF or EtOH). These Lewis acids lead to an increase of activity in polymerization, in particular BCl3, without any modification of polymer properties. By varying polymerization conditions, we have shown that Lewis acid pre-treatments reveal new active sites identical to the ones inherently present at the native precatalyst surface. BCl3 pre-treatment on Ziegler-Natta precatalysts was then monitored by solid-state-NMR spectroscopy. The reaction between Lewis acid and Lewis bases from “activated”-MgCl2 support has been evidenced. The activation step by reaction between precatalyst and an organoaluminium compound (alkylation step accompanied by a reduction of titanium (IV) to paramagnetic titanium (III)), has also been studied by spectroscopic on paramagnetic species in order to observe preactive-site formation in olefin polymerization before ethylene introduction. Finally, in a more exploratory context, BCl3 pre-treatment has been used to activate (FeCl2/MgCl2/Lewis-base: THF) precatalysts, which are originally inactive when contacted with organoaluminium compounds. Activities comparable to titanium-based Ziegler-Natta precatalysts are subsequently observed. No major differences in ethylene polymerization were noticed except that these Iron-based precatalysts retain an excellent activity at room temperature. The spectroscopic study allows to highlight the FeCl2 complexation with THF at the precatalyst surface and the modification of Iron oxidation state after alkylation
Laye, Claire. „Etude de nouveaux cations silyliums pour la synthèse et la catalyse“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0259.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis is the study of a new family of silylium ions and their potential for catalysis. These cationic species have remarkable properties as Lewis acids. One of the objectives was to control their high reactivity, via the intramolecular stabilization of the silylium ion by a Lewis base. A series of silylquinolinium derivatives was thus generated to determine the best reactivity/stability compromise. The study of these silylated cations by different techniques (multinuclear NMR, X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations) revealed their intramolecular stabilization modes via a highly constrained 4-membered ring. Studies have also made it possible to evaluate the configurational stability of the silicon center and to study its capacity to retain chiral information for future applications in asymmetric catalysis. A second line of research aimed at the application of these silylium ions as Lewis acid catalysts for organic synthesis. An equilibrium between the Sila-Friedel-Crafts product with electron-rich arenes and the corresponding ipso intermediate was thus demonstrated. A new method for the reduction of phosphine oxides in the presence of silanes and catalyzed by the trityl cation was developed. Finally, the polymerization of cyclic esters, such as ε-caprolactone and trimethylene carbonate, was catalyzed by silylquinolinium cations. Different analytical methods (NMR, MALDI-TOF, SEC) made it possible to differentiate the cyclic and linear polymers obtained according to the amount of initiator introduced into the reaction medium. The living and controlled character has been attested. An experimental and theoretical study highlighted the mechanism of these two polymerizations
Letourneux, Jean-Pierre. „Nouveau système catalytique hétérogène d'ouverture de cycles oxygénés : étude du mécanisme de polymérisation“. Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTerrier, Michaël. „Borohydrures de lanthanides : polymérisation et copolymérisation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNew lanthanide borohydride complexes were synthesized, aiming to increase the value as precursors of the lanthanide trisborohydrides, which are stable and easily accessible compounds. ln this frame, a new method of synthesis was developped, whichis apparented to a sigma bond metathesis and which introduces the in situ alkylation of the trisborohydride by a dialkylmagnesium. These complexes were used in combination with a dialkylmagnesium compound for the 1,4-trans-polymerisation of. isoprene and the statistical copolymerisation of isoprene with styrene. Mecanistic aspects of this type of polymerisation were also studied
Leblanc, Alexandra. „Copolymérisation d'oléfines et de monomères polaires : à la frontière des chimies de coordination et radicalaire“. Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10206.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is the efficient copolymerization of olefins with polar monomers. This reaction is specifically difficult because the two families of monomers have different reactivities and generally follow a different polymerization mechanism. In this context, there is no really efficient system for the copolymerization. Olefins are usually polymerized by organometallic catalysts, which are genereally poisoned by polar monomers. On the other hand, radical chemistry allows the polymerization of polar monomers, but is not reactive toward olefins in soft conditions. The first part of this thesis follows the catalystical route, with the use of catalysts known for the polymerization of olefins (nickel-, palladium- and titanium-based) associated with a solid activator developed at the LCPP : the influences of the acidic sites of the surface and of the nature of differnet cocatalysts on the polar monomers incorporation are discussed. This first step reviews the copolymerization of olefins with polar monomers through the coordination/insertion polymerization, but doesn't make a breakthrough in copolymerization. To pass over the encountered problems in polar monomers copolymerization, a new polymerization concept has been implemented, that lead to the coexistence the coordination/insertion mechanism and the radical one from a single polyolefin catalyst. The second and third parts of this thesis aim at the use of a single-component nickel-based polyolefin catalyst, able to copolymerize olefins and polar monomers through a dual coordination/insertion and radical mechanism. The release of radicals from the catalysts has been evidenced and multi-bloc copolymers of ethylene and polar monomers have been efficiently synthesized
Charles, Gwénaëlle. „Synthèse sélective de polyglycérols et d'esters de polyglycérols en présence de catalyseurs mésoporeux basiques“. Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2311.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study concerns the selective synthesis of polyglycerols esters from glycerol and fatty ester in presence of basic mesoporous catalysts. The target is the optimisation of the preparation method of the mesoporous solids. The best results are obtained with a catalyst exchanged by caesium carbonate in water. This solid is recovered and reused without any modifications of the catalytic properties (selectivity (di+triglycerol) of 100% for 80% of conversion). The synthesis of polyglycerols esters from glycerol shows a competition between transesterification and etherification reactions of glycerol. The selective adsorption of glycerol in the pores of the solid allows the synthesis of polyglycerols. Indeed, the selectivity vary with the catalyst because the major product is glycerol dilaurate in presence of MgO and diglycerol trilaurate in presence of mesoporous solid impregnated by magnesium
Duchiron, Stéphane. „Etude de la polymérisation enzymatique de monomères hétérocyclocarbonyliques“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE039/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe field of biobased polymers is experiencing a rapid growth but the development of more environmentally friendly synthesis methods remains a problem. With this in mind, enzymatic catalysis is a promising tool but it has some limitations such as slow polymerization kinetics, the low molecular weight of the produced polymers and a limited range of polymerizable monomers. This work aims at a better understanding of the enzymatic ring opening polymerization reactions (eROP) with a view to overcoming these limitations. To achieve this, three main topics have been investigated. The first, focusing on lactones, has demonstrated the possibility of activating the polymerization reaction with a tertiary amine. The second part, dealing with thiolactones as sulfur-based monomers, highlighted specific copolymerization mechanisms comprising of several distinct steps of polymer chain growth. Finally, polyesters bearing amino acids were synthesized, thus paving the way for functionalizable polymers and new macromolecular architectures
Le, Deore Christophe. „Catalyseurs supportés pour la polymérisation cationique des oléfines“. Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10082.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTerrier, Michaël. „Borohydrures de lanthanides : polymérisation et copolymérisation“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNew lanthanide borohydride complexes were synthesized, aiming to increase the value as precursors of the lanthanide trisborohydrides, which are stable and easily accessible compounds. ln this frame, a new method of synthesis was developped, whichis apparented to a sigma bond metathesis and which introduces the in situ alkylation of the trisborohydride by a dialkylmagnesium. These complexes were used in combination with a dialkylmagnesium compound for the 1,4-trans-polymerisation of. isoprene and the statistical copolymerisation of isoprene with styrene. Mecanistic aspects of this type of polymerisation were also studied
Bouilhac, Cécile. „Nouvelle approche en catalyse supportée de polymérisation de l'éthylène : conception de supports organiques originaux“. Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13482.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFunctionalized organic supports have been developed for the heterogenization of single-site catalysts towards ethylene polymerization. A first approach consists in the synthesis of star-like PS composed of a microgel core and PS arms end-capped by various functions. These latter can either immobilize or generate in-situ aluminic activators of metallocenes and late transition metal complexes. A second strategy is based on the self-assembly of functional (co)polymers in solution. The so-formed micellar structures are capable of embedding the catalytic system and can serve as nanoreactors for the production of polyethylene beads. Tested in ethylene polymerization in the presence of iron-based complexes (MeDIP(2,6-iPrPh2)FeCl2), these different systems enable the production, with a high catalytic activity, of well-defined polyethylene beads
Miao, Yong. „Catalyse organique pour la polymérisation par ouverture de cycle d’esters cycliques amorcée par des dérivés saccharidiques“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10185/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiomaterials and environmentally friendly nontoxic plastics received a lot of attention during the past decades. Many of these materials are made from aliphatic polyesters, in particular polylatide (PLA) and poly([Epsilon]-caprolactone) (PCL), due to their good biodegradability and biocompatibility. Our work focus on the functionalization of these polyesters with saccharide derivatives by ring-opening polymerization using organocatalysis. The current methods of functionalization of PLA and PCL with saccharide derivatives by ROP and examples of catalysts for stereocontrolled polymerization of lactide are discussed in Chapter I. In Chapter II, the organic base 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) was proved to be an efficient catalyst for the access to sugar and cyclodextrin-functionalized polylactides. In certain cases, the initiation efficiency is partial, leading to hydrophilic end-capped polyesters in a one-step procedure. In Chapter III, 1,1’-Binaphthyl-2,2’-diyl hydrogenphosphate (BNPH) has been assessed as a catalyst for the ring-opening polymerization of [Epsilon]-caprolactone and [Delta]-valerolactone. In the presence of benzyl alcohol, the polymerization is quantitative and controlled. When using unprotected sugar bearing 4 free hydroxyl groups, the initiation efficiency is partial, leading to hydrophilic end-capped polyesters in a one-step procedure. In Chapter IV, new organocatalytic systems have been assessed for the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide
Issenhuth, Jean-Thomas. „Catalyse énantiosélective et polymérisation : Etude de la réactivité de complexes de cuivre et d'aluminium“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/ISSENHUTH_Jean-Thomas_2008.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGallard, Laurent. „Préparation et évaluation de banques de catalyseurs : application en polymérisation“. Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10109.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLejeune, Manuel. „Calix[4]arènes P(III)-fonctionnalisés : Complexation, propriétés dynamiques et catalyse“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/LEJEUNE_Manuel_2006.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present thesis is devoted to the synthesis of calix[4]arene bearing diphenylphosphine groups tethered at the upper rim as well as the study of their coordination and catalytic behaviours. The phosphinated compounds have been prepared by treatment of brominated calixarenes with ButLi (or BunLi) followed by reaction with ClPPh2. The tetraphosphinated calixarene L2 was found suitable for the formation of tetranuclear species, notably with [AuCl(THT)], [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 and [PdCl(o-C6H4CH2NMe2)]2, all processing an apparent C4v-symmetry in solution. Reaction of the monophosphine L5 with [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 afforded the complex [RuCl2(p-cymene)•L5] where the p-cymene ligand is partially encapsulated in the solid state as well as in solution. Despite the distance separating phosphine units, the highly preorganised diphosphines L1 and L4 have been found suitable for the formation of cationic and neutral large chelate complexes with various transition metals, the metal centre being part of a 14 member-macrocycle The variable-temperature NMR studies have shown that diamagnetic complexes undergo two distinct motions: 1) a fan-like swinging of the coordination plane which displaces the metal from one side of the calixarene axis to the other, a motion during which the PMP angle undergoes a significant enlargement; 2) a rapid oscillation of each PPh2 about the corresponding M-P bond. These motions are probably responsible for the very high activities observed for the paragmanetic complexes [NiBr2•L1] and [NiBr2•L4] in the different C-C coupling reactions, notably in dimerisation and polymerisation of olefins
Louyriac, Elisa. „Catalyse de polymérisation stéréosélective du styrène avec l'éthylène pour la production de matériaux sPSE - Approche par modélisation moléculaire“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSyndiotactic polystyrene is an attractive material used in several fields, in particular packaging or electronics. Its industrial production may be restricted by: a high temperature synthesis process and its brittleness, which is a drawback for applications with mechanical requirements. The improvement of the production process and the physicochemical properties of the syndiotactic polystyrene can be achieved by copolymerization with ethylene. Catalytic systems based on group 3 metals exhibit a high syndiospecificity and seem promising for styrene-ethylene copolymerization. By using molecular modelling, the optimization of such systems will allow to design a less energy-consuming process that fulfils the industrial requirements for the production of high performance materials. In this context, the work presented within this thesis is a theoretical study of styrene-ethylene stereoselective copolymerization catalysis by using DFT calculations. This PhD thesis was conducted in collaboration with an experimental team and followed by an industrial group
Alba, Aurélie. „Catalyse organique de polymérisation par ouverture de cycle : synthèse de polymères biodégradables à visée pharmacologique“. Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1514/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is in line with a collaboration between the galenical centre of Ipsen Pharma based in Barcelona (Spain) and the LHFA in Toulouse. New PLGA supports have been synthesized by organocatalysis at Toulouse and then formulated by Ipsen Pharma. In the first chapter, the synthesis of PLGA oligomers using an acidic catalyst is described, as well as multiple analytical techniques to determine the chemical and physico-chemical properties of the polymers. In order to better apprehend the results observed in formulation, some structure/activity relationship studies have been performed. The scale up of the polymerizations was also investigated, as well as the stability and tolerance of the polymers. In the second chapter, acidic or basic catalysts were used to synthesize hyperbranched macromolecular systems (star shape or dendrimer), still by ring opening of lactide and using multifunctional initiators (alcohols and/or amines). In the third chapter, a new bifunctional catalytic system consisting of a triflamide or sulfonamide, as hydrogen bond donor, and a tertiary amine, as hydrogen bond acceptor was screened and applied to the ROP of lactide. A bis-sulfonamide-DMAP couple is preferred for the preparation of well controlled PLA under mild conditions. Moreover, a range of mono-sulfonamide and bis-sulfonamide with different spacers were synthesized to undergo kinetic studies and determine the way of action of the catalyst. The two NH groups were shown to activate the monomer cooperatively, while the protic initiator is activated by the DMAP. In the fourth chapter, a new chiral derivatizing agent (CDA), named NaphtOCA, is synthesized and applied to the absolute configuration assignment of an a-chiral primary amine by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The NaphtOCA reacts immediately with an amine, without any coupling agent used, to generate an amide and an hydroxyl group. The way of action of this effective CDA was fully investigated
Chen, Si. „New approach to aqueous biphasic catalysis through catalyst confinement in nanoscopic core-shell polymers“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30163/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe catalytic processes are at the heart of chemical industry. Modern chemical industry, under pressure of stricter regulations and societal concern, is faced with the need to improve efficiency and cleaner production processes and catalysis is one the major keys to green chemical technology. Catalysts recovery is necessary from an economic and environmental point of view when it makes use of expensive and / or toxic metals. The aim of this thesis is based on an innovative approach related to micellar catalyst but in which the catalyst is covalent linked to the hydrophobic core of well-defined unimolecular, core-cross-linked micelles. The synthetic protocol is based on a convergent method via RAFT-mediated one-pot aqueous emulsion polymerization. The efficiency of these unimolecular micelles as catalytic nanoreactors has been shown using the industrially relevant hydroformylation of 1-octene, in order to provide a proof of principle, as a test reaction yielding turnover frequencies and l/b ratio comparable to those of related homogeneous systems. However, the catalyst phase could be easily separated from the organic product phase and recycled. A remarkable protecting effect of the active catalyst by the polymer scaffold has also been demonstrated. The absence of the coagulation at the end of reaction is evidence that these new objects function as micelles while eliminating the disadvantages of micellar catalysis such as the formation of stable emulsion
Petitjean, Laurent. „Application de méthodes théoriques a l'étude des catalyseurs métallocènes de polymérisation du propylène“. Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10300.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLorenzini, Pascal. „Polymérisation de l'éthylène sous haute pression : développement et validation de modèles de polymérisation radicalaire et de copolymérisation Ziegler-Natta“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL032N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWolff, Fabien. „Complexes amine-bis(phenolate) du vanadium : application à la catalyse de polymérisation des α(alpha)-oléfines“. Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30146.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHusson, Guillaume. „Développement de méthodes de criblages et en prallèle pour catalyse hétérogène de polymérisation d'oléfines gazeuses“. Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S158.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the first research part, two libraries of ligands have been synthesized in parallel and evaluated in olefin polymerization: bridged ligands for metallocenes and deprotonated carbonylamino fulvene ligands. This work led to the discovery of active systems in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis of polymerization. The second part is the development of new high-thoughput methods for heterogeneous catalysis of olefins polymerization. Sealed bags, where the supported catalysts are introduced and the polymer is formed, produce in parallel various polymers from several different catalytic systems. The multi-spot plates method allows a quick and simple evaluation of catalysts in gas-phase polymerization. Finally, the last part is the development of a new technique for viscosimetric analysis with optical tweezers applied to poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) in water. Comparisons between rheology governed by empirical laws and microrheology have been conducted to validate this analysis method
Duprez, Virginie. „Synthèse des hydroxyalkyl pyrazoles, leurs complexes de titane et application en polymérisation“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring this project consisting in the development of new post metallocene catalytic systems, we fixed us the following three objectives : the syntheses of new ligands, preparation of titanium complexes and polymerisation reactions. The first part describes the syntheses of several hydroxyalkyl pyrazoles families, easily access with the pyrazole nucleus in which one nitrogen is substituted with an hydroxy alkyl side chain. These heteroatomics ligands are synthesised via alkylation reaction, epoxide ring opening or direct condensation of b diketones with hydrazine derivatives. The second part deals with the study of coordination modes of the different ligands with Ti, the syntheses of Ti(IV) complexes and their characterisation. Finally, the application of these Ti complexes as polymerisation catalysts with alkenes revealed an interesting activity. Several of the single site catalysts are able to convert ethylene in high molecular weight polyethylene
Alaaeddine, Ali. „Complexes organométalliques des groupes 3 et 13 : applications en chimie fine et catalyse de polymérisation“. Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor the first time, we have studied the organometallic outcome of the catalyst systems generated in situ from an aluminum precursor AlX₃ and a diprotio {Salen}H₂ pro-ligand. The different species that result from these binary combinations have been isolated, characterized and individually evaluated in the asymmetric cyanosilylation of acetophenone. It is shown that, in some cases, those discrete catalysts display dramatically different performances than the binary systems which are assumed to generate them. The influence of the achiral ligand on both the enantioselectivity and activity of the reaction has been investigated, resulting in the definition of a highly active hexafluoro-2-propoxide-based catalyst. For the second time, the family of bis[bis(oxazolinato)]lanthanide complexes have been synthesized. These complexes show a high activity and productivity for the rac-lactide polymerization. However, such complexes based on well-known chiral Box ligands appear unable to control the microstructure of the polymer: only atactic PLAs. New families of diimines-dialcooxy fluorinated aluminium and yttrium complexes have been synthesized. These complexes were caracterized by NMR-spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis and it was shown that they are the familiar structure Salen-complexes. Alumnium complexes show high control and selectivity for production of isotactic PLA (80%)
Bouachir, Faouzi. „Complexes allyle cationiques du platine et du ruthénium : synthèse, structure et activité catalytique“. Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMorais, Bolner Felipe. „Fe- and Ti-catalyzed Ziegler-Natta-type Polymerization for Polyolefins : from Catalyst to Process“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m67p8zh4.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of a new Fe-based Ziegler-Natta-type catalyst, FeCl2/MgCl2(THF)x/BCl3, comes in a worldwide context of finding alternative metal resources for catalysis and new polymer materials. The objective of this thesis was to obtain a more reproducible Fe-based catalyst, to compare it with Ti-based catalysts, to better understand the Lewis acid effect, and create dinuclear Ti/Fe catalysts with hybrid properties of both metal sites
Pruski-Sotty, Nillgrid. „Utilisation d'électrodes modifiées par des polymères organiques en électrosynthèse et catalyse électrochimique“. Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO19006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTheurkauff, Gabriel. „Investigations on the stereoselective polymerization of α-olefins by single-site group IV metal catalysts“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S158/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work presented in the manuscript focus on α-olefin polymerization catalysis, and is divided into four distinct parts. The first part is dedicated to the study of catalytic systems for the production of elastomeric polypropylene. The analysis of the produced polymers and the characterization of the catalysts showed the presence of two homopolymers as a blend in the elastomeric polypropylene. The second part focuses on the copolymerization of bifunctionnal vinyl-vinylidene monomers with propylene. The characterization of the polymers revealed the reactivity of the vinylidène bonds and showed different polymerization mechanisms for the different catalysts. The third part reports a study on the activation and deactivation pathways of the active species in polymerization. The characterization of model cationic species and the study of their behavior in solution and in polymerization showed the relationship between the electrophilicity of the species and its productivity in propylene polymerization. The last part is dedicated to the polymerization of hindered α-olefins. The quest for a productive catalyst led to test various single site catalysts with different structures. Deactivating interactions between the monomers and the catalyst are supposed to explain the low productivity of the tested catalysts
Lahitte, Jean-François. „Homopolymérisation et copolymérisation de macromonomères de polystyrène par catalyse de métaux de transition“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13141.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBatt-Coutrot, Delphine. „Recherche de nouveaux catalyseurs isospécifiques destinés à la polymérisation du propylène : catalyse Ziegler-Natta et métallocène“. Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBonnet, Fanny. „Synthèse de nouveaux complexes organométalliques de terres rares, Samarium et Néodyme, pour la polymérisation et la copolymérisation des diènes avec des oléfines et des monomères polaires“. Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith an ansa samarocene complex it was possible to synthesis copolymers of dienes with a-olefines of various lengths. We studied the influence of the chain length of the olefin inserted on the physical-chemical properties. Functional copolymers were also obatined by the use of a,w-dienes as comonomers (octa-1,7-diene, hexa-1,5-diene), and by the insertion of only one double bond in the polydiene chain. With the same complex we were able to elaborate block copolymers of dienes with polar monomers (e-caprolactone, methyl methacrylate), and we have shown that these copolymers were efficient compatibilisers in polar and non polar polymer blends. A new family of rare earth hemimetallocene complexes was then developped. Samarium and Neodymium complexes were synthesised by the use of chloride and borohydride precursors, with a cyclopentadienyl ligand close to the permethylcyclopentadienyl one (Cp*'), with the general formula Cp*'Ln X2 (THF)n, X=BH4, Cl. By substitution of one X ligand by a diiminate one (NN), we could isolate genuine heteroleptic complexes Cp*'Ln X (NN). These new complexes, in the presence of MgR2 as co-activator, are efficient catalysts for the polymerisation of dienes with a trans specificity up to 98. 9% in the case of the borohydride ones, this result gives some outlooks for the copolymerisation with olefins
Lansalot-Matras, Clément. „Synthèse et évaluation de banques de catalyseurs à base de métaux de transition pour la (co)polymérisation contrôlée du méthacrylate de méthyle, du styrène et de l’éthylène“. Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S163.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript aims to the creation of new libraries of catalysts for the stereocontroled polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene, or for the copolymerization of ethylene with MMA and styrene. Parallel chemistry was employed to reach the active systems more rapidly. The first chapter of this manuscript was devoted to the development of analytic methods based on Infrared and Raman confocal spectroscopy. The second chapter was devoted to the screening of N-Tripodaux, Ferrocène/ferricinium Imines and Oximes ligands for the polymerization of the MMA and styrene. The third chapter was devoted to the synthesis of libraries of ligands containing a fulvene functionality. The fourth chapter was devoted to the screening of these libraries for the polymerization of the MMA, styrene and ethylene. Finally the final chapter was devoted to the preliminary study of copolymerization of ethylene with polar olefins