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1
Dias, Hugo. „Catalyseurs bioinspirés pour la valorisation du co2 en carbonates cycliques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10192.
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La valorisation du CO2 est une stratégie pouvant permettre la résolution de problématiques contemporaines. En employant comme réactif cette molécule abondante considérée comme un déchet anthropique, la mise en place de synthèses durables de produits à haute valeur ajoutée devient alors un enjeu primordial pour l’industrie chimique. La synthèse des carbonates cycliques est un exemple caractéristique d’une réaction verte convertissant du CO2 en produits d’intérêt pour l’industrie des polymères ou des batteries au lithium. Néanmoins, la cycloaddition du CO2 aux époxydes requiert l’emploi de catalyseurs sélectifs pour éviter la formation de polymères indésirables. Au sein du vivant, l’anhydrase carbonique a été largement étudiée et reconnue pour sa capacité réversible à convertir rapidement du CO2 en HCO3-. Cependant, l’application de cette métalloenzyme est proscrite à plus grande échelle en raison de son instabilité en dehors des conditions physiologiques et de son coût exorbitant. En s’inspirant de cette macromolécule dont le site actif est un complexe de zinc entouré de ligands L-histidine, l’objectif de ce travail de thèse a été de développer un système catalytique sélectif pour la synthèse des carbonates cycliques en conditions douces. Des évaluations catalytiques de sels de zinc et dérivés de L-histidine ont été effectuées et ont mené aux synthèses et caractérisations exhaustives d’une série de complexes de zinc. Leur stabilité et activité couplées à une sélectivité en carbonates cycliques a motivé une étude complémentaire afin de greffer ces complexes sur supports. Dans ce but, des silices mésoporeuses fonctionnalisées ont été préparées et leur activité catalytique testée permettant le recyclage de ces catalyseurs bioinspirés sélectifsThe CO2 valorisation is a strategy that could solve current issues. By using as a reagent this abundant molecule which is considered as an anthropogenic waste product, the development of sustainable syntheses of high added value products is becoming a key challenge for the chemical industry. The synthesis of cyclic carbonates is a typical example of a green reaction that converts CO2 into useful products for polymer and lithium battery industries. However, the CO2 cycloaddition to epoxides requires the use of selective catalysts to avoid the formation of undesirable polymers. Within living organisms, carbonic anhydrase has been widely studied and recognised for its reversible ability to rapidly convert CO2 into HCO3-. Nevertheless, the application of this metalloenzyme is prohibited for an industrial use due to its instability outside physiological conditions and its expensive cost. Inspired from this macromolecule whose active site is a zinc complex surrounded by L-histidine ligands, the aim of this thesis was to develop a selective catalytic system for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates under mild conditions. Catalytic evaluations of zinc salts and L-histidine derivatives were carried out and led to syntheses and exhaustive characterisations of a series of zinc complexes. Their stability and activity coupled with their selectivity towards cyclic carbonates prompted further researches into the grafting of those complexes onto supports. Functionalised mesoporous silicas were prepared and their catalytic activity tested, enabling those selective bioinspired catalysts to be recycled
2
Diao, Donglin. „Bioinspired complexes engaged within hemicryptophane cage-ligands for O2 activation and C-H bond functionalization in confined space“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDM0007.
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L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse est le développement de nouveaux ligand-cages hémicryptophanes pour l’obtention de catalyseurs métalliques confinés. Ces catalyseurs seront utilisés pour l’activation bioinspirée d’O2 et la fonctionnalisation C-H en milieu confiné. Le design des cages cibles vise à introduire des ligands bioinspirés pour la coordination de métaux biologiques (Cu, Fe, Zn). La structure hémicryptophane offre une cavité hydrophobe au voisinage du site actif métallique. Cette structure vise à stabiliser les espèces actives et obtenir des réactivités différentes de celles obtenues avec les modèles ouverts correspondants. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif principale de ce travail a été d’obtenir des complexes de cuivre confinés capable d’activer l’oxygène moléculaire pour accomplir des réactions difficiles de fonctionnalisation C-H. La première partie de cette thèse consiste en étude bibliographique de (i) les précédentes applications des hémicryptophanes et (ii) les progrès récents sur les complexes bioinspirés encagés. Ensuite, nos complexes de cuivres à ligands tris(pyridyl)amine (TPA) ouverts et encagés, ont été étudiés pour l’activation d’O2 et pour des réactions non-usuelle de fonctionalisation de liaisons C-H. Nous avons ensuite préparé et étudié une nouvelle cage TPA-hemicryptophane équipée d’une cavité donneuse de liaisons hydrogène C(triazole)-H. Cette cavité fonctionnalisée vise à reproduire les cavités des métalloprotéines. Enfin, des hémicryptophanes basés sur le ligand triazacyclononane (TACN), ont été préparé pour la première fois. L’objectif de ces nouveaux ligand-cages est de contribuer au développement de complexes bioinspirés à Cu et Fe pouvant, par exemple, activer O2This thesis aims at developing new hemicryptophane cage-ligands to obtain confined metal-based catalysts for bioinspired O2 activation and C-H bond functionalization in confined space. The design of the targeted cages aims at introducing ligands inspired from metalloproteins active sites, for coordination of biorelevant metals (Cu, Fe, Zn). Importantly, the hemicryptophane structure provide a hydrophobic cavity around the active metal core. This structure aims at stabilizing highly reactive intermediates and reaching different reactivity compare to open model complexes, devoid of cavity. In this context, a major objective of this work was to reach Cu-based bioinspired catalysts able to activate molecular oxygen for challenging C-H bond functionalization. The first part of the thesis consists in a comprehensive literature survey on (i) background of previous applications of hemicryptophane cages and (ii) recent advances in caged bioinspired complexes. The application of our open and caged Cu-complex, based on the tris(pyridyl)amine (TPA) ligand is next described. These catalysts have been used for O2 activation and unusual intramolecular C-H bond functionalization. We then prepare and studied a new TPA-hemicryptophane cage equipped with a C(triazole)-H hydrogen bonding cavity. This functionalized cavity aims at reproducing the binding cavities found in metalloproteins. Finally, hemicryptophane cages based on the triazacyclononane (TACN) ligand have been prepared for the first time. The goal of these cage-ligands is to develop new bioinspired Cu and Fe complexes that could be, for instance, used as O2 activating catalysts
3
Bécart, Diane. „Bioinspired catalysis using oligourea helical foldamers“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0717/document.
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Catalyse et repliement sont deux notions intimement liées dans la Nature à travers les protéines et les enzymes, puis par extension, avec les catalyseurs synthétiques conçus par les chimistes. Des briques élémentaires artificielles ont été développées depuis deux décennies afin de synthétiser de nouvelles architectures moléculaires ayant une forte propension à se replier, appelées foldamères. Dans de nombreux systèmes biomimétiques inspirés par les biopolymères, la stabilisation d’une forme repliée résulte de la formation d’un fort réseau de liaisons H. Ces squelettes repliés apportent plusieurs avantages pour une application en catalyse : ils peuvent offrir un effet coopératif lors de la coordination d’un ligand, une meilleure stabilisation des intermédiaires chargés ainsi qu’une minimisation du coût entropique de la formation de l’état de transition. Ils constituent une nouvelle classe d’organocatalyseurs méritant de plus amples investigations. L’organocatalyse présente un fort intérêt dans la recherche actuelle, dû la simplicité de mise en œuvre des systèmes et l’absence de métaux conduisant à une moindre toxicité. Cependant, des charges importantes (5-20 mol%) en catalyseur sont souvent nécessaires pour réaliser des transformations chimiques avec de bons rendements et de bonnes stéréosélectivités. L’effet synergique apporté par la structure bien définie des foldamères via leur fort réseau de liaisons hydrogène peut jouer en faveur d’une diminution de la charge catalytique du système.Les foldamères à base de motifs oligo(thio)urées sont des analogues des peptides, avec une structure secondaire hélicoïdale, 2.5 résidus par tour et un réseau de liaisons hydrogène fermant des pseudo-cycles à 12 et 14 atomes, et ils présentent un macrodipôle pouvant être renforcé par l’activation avec un groupe électroattracteur au niveau du pôle positif. La liaison d’anions avec des oligourées a été démontrée comme étant site-spécifique et n’ayant aucune influence sur la structure hélicoïdale, illustrant leur fort potentiel de liaison d’espèces chargés négativement. Les urées et les thiourées ont été largement utilisées comme donneurs de liaisons hydrogène pour l’organocatalyse avec des résultats très satisfaisants. Ces concepts posent les bases pour développer un organocatalyseur innovant avec des foldamères oligo(thio)urées, interagissant par activation des substrats par formation de liaisons H. Une étude autour de la relation structure-activité, accompagnée de l’élaboration d’une réaction modèle avec un large panel de substrats, ainsi que des études mécanistiques via des mesures RMN, vont permettre d’établir les principes gouvernant la catalyse avec des foldamères oligo(thio)uréesCatalysis and folding are two closely interwoven notions in Nature particularly among enzymes, and by extension can be applied to synthetic catalysts designed by chemists. Artificial monomers have been created for two decades to synthesize new oligomeric molecular architectures with a high propensity to fold, which are called foldamers. In many systems, folded structure is stabilized by a strong hydrogen-bonding network, in a similar way to biopolymer structures. These folded backbones may provide significant advantages as catalyst as they could offer cooperativity in ligand binding, a greater stabilization of charged intermediates and then a minimization of entropic cost of the transition state binding. They constitute a class of potential organocatalysts which deserves more investigation. Organocatalysis is an area of strong interest nowadays because of the lower toxicity of the catalysts and meta free procedures, their modularity and easiness to handle them. But generally high loading (5-20 mol%) are needed to perform chemical transformations with good yields and good stereoselectivities. The synergistic effect brought by the well-defined structures of foldamers through the strong hydrogen-bonding network can be in favour of a decrease of the catalyst loading.Oligo(thio)urea foldamers are peptides analogues, with a helical secondary structure, 2.5 residues per turn and 12- and 14-membered H-bond ring and present a macrodipole which can be reinforced through activation with electro-withdrawing group at the positive pole. Binding of anions to oligourea has been studied and was shown to be site specific and not to have any impact on the helical structure thus illustrating the high potential of coordination of negatively charged species to oligourea foldamers. Urea and thiourea small molecules have been widely used as H-bond donors for organocatalysis with very satisfying results. These concepts are the basis of the development of an innovative organocatalyst with oligo(thio)urea foldamers, acting through H-bond activation. A structure-activity relationship study combining an extended substrate scope and NMR mechanistic studies was performed allowing delineation of the principles governing oligourea foldamer-based catalysis
4
Hacihasanoglu, Antoine. „Biomimetic asymmetric catalysis with bioinspired helical foldamers“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0166.
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L’organocatalyse est une méthodologie qui connait un développement rapide, permettant de réaliser des transformations chimiques complexes dans le contexte général de la chimie durable (procédés sans métaux, recyclage des catalyseurs…). Les applications potentielles incluent l'élaboration rapide d'éléments de base avancés et utiles pour le développement pharmaceutique. Malgré de grandes réalisations, les organocatalyseurs souffrent généralement de certaines limitations comme une faible accélération de la réaction, d'un taux de rotation catalytique faible et de la nécessité de quantités importantes de catalyseur pour obtenir une bonne conversion et sélectivité. Afin de répondre à ces limitations, des catalyseurs incorporant de plus en plus de fonctions d'interaction afin d'exercer un contrôle plus important sur l'état de transition de réactions ont été des axes de recherche populaires. Un second axe consistant à utiliser des catalyseurs pré-structurés, analogues simplifiés des enzymes à également commencé à être étudié. Les foldamères d'oligourées développées par notre laboratoire ont précédemment démontré la capacité de catalyse dans le cadre de la réaction d'additions de composés 1,3-dicarbonylés aux nitroalcènes avec de très faibles charges catalytiques et d'excellentes stéréosélectivités. Les travaux présentés font suite à ces résultats et ont pour but d'étudier le mécanisme d'interaction du catalyseur, puis d'explorer de nouvelles réactions catalysées par nos foldamèresOrganocatalysis is a rapidly expanding methodology enabling challenging chemical transformations to be performed in the broad context of sustainable chemistry (metal-free procedures, catalyst recycling…). Potential applications include the rapid elaboration of advanced and useful building blocks for pharmaceutical development. Despite major achievements, organocatalysts generally suffer from low rate acceleration and turnover and the need for relatively high amounts to achieve good conversion and selectivity. In order to address these limitations, catalyst structures incorporating increasing numbers of interacting functions to better control the transitions state of reactions have been a popular axis of research. A second, more recent approach has been the use of pre-organised catalysts, which can be viewed as simplified enzyme analogues. In this context, the oligourea foldamers developed by our group have previously been shown to catalyse the addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes with low catalyst loading and excellent stereoselectivities. The works presented hereby come in continuation of these previous results with the main objectives being the study of the mechanism of interaction between the catalyst and substrates, and the exploration of new potential reactions catalysed by our foldamers
5
Clarasó, Petit Carlota. „Rational design of bioinspired iron and manganese catalysts for the effective and selective epoxidation of alkenes and oxidation of alkanes“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666958.
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Metalloenzymes are a fundamental source of inspiration for synthetic chemists. Oxidation metalloenzymes catalyze oxidation reactions with high efficiency under very mild experimental conditions exhibiting exquisite regio- and stereoselectivity. The present dissertation aims at designing efficient and selective bioinspired oxidation catalysts. Looking at the literature there’s a very limited number of aliphatic diamines incorporated as ligand backbones in tetradentate aminopyridine based complexes, which have been revealed as one of the most successful catalysts for these transformations with peroxide type of oxidants. Thus, this thesis is focused on the synthesis of chiral iron and manganese complexes based on novel diamine backbones and employ them as catalysts in the stereoselective epoxidation of olefins and oxidation of C-H bonds by using hydrogen peroxide as oxidantEls metal·loenzims són una font fonamental d'inspiració per als químics sintètics. Els metal·loenzims oxidants catalitzen reaccions d'oxidació amb gran eficiència sota condicions experimentals molt suaus que presenten regio- i estereoselectivitats exquisides. L'objectiu d’aquesta tesi es basa en el disseny de catalitzadors d'oxidació bioinspirats eficients i selectius. Analitzant la literatura, es denota que hi ha una limitació important en el nombre i la naturalesa de la diamina incorporada als lligands en complexos basats en lligands tetradentats amb aminopiridines, que s'han demostrat com uns dels catalitzadors més exitosos per a aquestes transformacions amb oxidants de tipus peròxid. Així doncs, aquesta tesi se centra en la síntesi de complexos quirals de ferro i manganès basats en lligands tetradentats que incorporen noves diamines i el seu ús com a catalitzadors en l'epoxidació estereoselectiva d’olefines i l'oxidació dels enllaços C-H utilitzant el peròxid d'hidrogen com a oxidant
6
Dzierzak, Joanna. „Bioinspired, heterogeneous amino acid complexes for benign oxidation catalysis“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/334198/.
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Metalloenzymes catalyse the most fundamental reactions in organic chemistry from oxidation of hydrocarbons to complex C-C bond forming reactions with exceptional selectivity. Mimicking the active site of a metalloenzyme by immobilising well-defined amino acids containing catalytically active transition metal centres based on transitionmetals on a robust inorganic framework, affords powerful catalysts that can be utilised in oxidation reactions. Porous aluminosilicates, mesoporous silicas and polymers offer suitable supports for single-site bio-derived catalysts. Dispersion of catalytically active centers within porous solids with high surface area improves site-isolation which is essential in catalytic processes. These materials can be created from a range of methodologies and the different strategies used for immobilisation can greatly affect the nature of the active catalyst. The routes by which these catalysts are immobilised have given the potential to derivatize inorganic porous hosts and organic polymer structures with amino acids for complexation to metal centres. These bio-derivatized frameworks offer advantages over the homogeneous counterparts in terms of easy separation, recover and recyclability and can carry out selective oxidation reactions with great effectiveness. Herein, heterogenous bioinspired complexes of two amino acids; proline and valine with a series of transition metals (Fe, Cu) were synthesised and immobilised within zeolite cages, mesoporous silica MCM-41 and polystyrene. The preparation methods allowed the synthesis of materials with varying loadings of immobilized active sites. The structural information obtained by spectral and elemental analysis suggested tetrahedral geometry for iron complexes and distorted square planar geometry for copper complexes. Both amino acids coordinated to metal ions through the nitrogen atom of amino group and oxygen atom of carboxylate group via dissociation of the acidic proton as bidentate N,O-donors. The resulting biomimetic complexes were employed as catalysts for oxidation of cyclohexane, cyclohexene, benzyl alcohol and dimethyl sulfide, using molecular dioxygen (O2), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and acetylperoxyborate (APB) as oxidants. The observed trends in catalytic activity showed that the metal loading and separation of the active sites played key role in the selective oxidation reactions. By decreasing the loading of metal active centres, their spatial separation increased which strongly enhanced the activity of catalysts. The decrease in metal active site content resulted in significant increase in TON and TOF. The product selectivity was dependent on the nature of oxidant, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the support, loading of metal active centres and the metal/substrate ratio.
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Porcher, Jean-Philippe. „Synthèse de complexes bioinspirés de Mo et W catalyseurs pour la réduction des protons“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066301/document.
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Les enzymes à molybdène ou à tungstène sont présentes dans toutes les formes de vie. La plupart d’entre elles sont des oxotransférases ou des hydroxylases. Elles contiennent un ou deux cofacteurs à molybdoptérine Moco coordiné au centre métallique par une fonction dithiolène. Ce cofacteur est très instable et la synthèse de complexes biomimétiques est difficile. Dans cette thèse, une nouvelle stratégie de synthèse d’un ligand dithiolène (qpdt) analogue du cofacteur à molybdoptérine a été développée. Le complexe de molybdène (Bu4N)2[MoO(qpdt)2] correspondant a été synthétisé et caractérisé. Ce complexe unique a montré un fort potentiel pour la réduction des protons. La photoréduction des protons en milieu acide (pH = 4), en présence du complexe de molybdène, du photosensibilisateur Ru(bpy)32+ et d’un excès d’acide ascorbique, donne d’excellentes activités allant jusqu’à 500 TONs en 15 heures. Ce complexe a aussi montré une très grande stabilité en milieu organique-acqueux. De même, l’électroréduction des protons par ce complexe dans l’acétonitrile a mis en évidence une constante de vitesse remarquable de 1030 s-1 à un potentiel de 1.3 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Afin de valoriser ce ligand original, les complexes bisdithiolène de nickel (Et4N)[Ni(qpdt)2] et de cobalt (Et4N)2[Co(qpdt)2]2 ont été synthétisés et caractérisés. Des études préliminaires de ces complexes ont montré un potentiel pour la photoréduction et l’électroréduction des protons. L’ensemble de ces résultats ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour le développement de catalyseurs pour la réduction des protons. De plus, la synthèse de ce premier complexe biomimétique devrait permettre de mieux comprendre la chimie de ces enzymes encore peu connuesEnzymes containing molybdenum or tungsten within their active sites appear to be present in all form of life. Most of them are oxotransferase or hydroxylase. They contain one or two pyranopterin-dithiolene cofactor, also called Moco, in which the metal is coordinated by the dithiolene moiety. The molybdenum cofactor is highly unstable and mimicking the active site of these enzymes is challenging. A new strategy for the synthesis of a pyranopyrazine dithiolene ligand (qpdt) has been developed in our laboratory. The corresponding molybdenum complex (Bu4N)2[MoO(qpdt)2] was synthesized and characterized extensively. This unique Mo-enzyme biomimetic complex demonstrated its potential for H2 production. This complex was shown to be active for the photoreduction of protons in acidic conditions (pH = 4), in the presence of the catalyst, the photosensitizer Ru(bpy)32+, ascorbic acid in exces and gave excellent activities of 500 TON with a high stability in aqueous organic media. Moreover, the electroreduction of protons by this complex in acetonitrile showed a remarkable rate constant value of 1030 s-1 at 1.3 V. (vs Ag/AgCl). To valorize this very original ligand qpdt, (Et4N)[Ni(qpdt)2] and (Et4N)2[Co(qpdt)2]2 bisdithiolene complexes were synthesized and characterized. Preliminary studies of theses complexes have shown a potential for the photoreduction and the electroreduction of protons. These results open new directions for the search of proton reduction catalysts. This first biomimetic complex should also be exploited to understand the chemistry of this class of oxidoreductase that is still not well understood
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ZUCCA, PAOLO. „Supported Metalloporphines as novel and bioinspired Lignolytic Peroxidase-like Catalysts“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266340.
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Current, classical delignification processes are affected by some economical and environmental drawbacks. These approaches often seem to be inadequate, particularly in the perspective of a sustainable green process. Since immobilized metalloporphines can strictly emulate the active site of ligninolytic peroxidases, their use in delignification processes has been presented and future trends outlined.
In order to achieve a structural emulation, several coordinating groups have been used to coordinatively immobilize metalloporphines. Synthesized adducts
have been characterized by UV/vis and IR spectroscopies, and effective coordinative bond between metalloporphine and supports was shown.
The biomimetic catalysts have been also investigated about their peroxidase catalysis and ability to emulate lignolytic peroxidases action and substrate
specificity. The adducts showed a remarkable ability to catalyze veratryl alcohol oxidation at the expenses of H₂O₂. Kinetic and operational characterization of the catalysts is also reported. Both lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase–like catalysis have been obtained, under very mild experimental conditions, using many lignin model compounds. Redox mediation was possible,
allowing also treatment of water–insoluble substrates.
In the perspective of broadening industrial applications of the catalysts,the
bleaching of several pollutant and durable textile dyes has been attempted with similar promising results, resulting particularly suitable for industrial scaling up.
Accordingly, the inexpensiveness of the synthesis and the mild operational conditions allow these adducts to be proposed as feasible catalysts also for industrial large scale processes.-----------------------------------------
La rimozione della lignina dai materiali lignocellulosici costituisce una sfida industriale ancora aperta, poiché gli attuali approcci finora proposti non eccellono per economicità e sostenibilità ambientale del processo. Neppure quello biocatalitico (basato sia sugli enzimilignolitici, che sui microrganismi loro produttori, i funghi del marciume bianco) ha finora trovato un valido compromesso tra costo ed efficienza del processo.
Le perossidasi ligninolitiche tuttavia costituiscono ottimi modelli per la sintesi di catalizzatori biomimetici in grado di operare una delignificazione più
ecocompatibile: in particolare, sono state sviluppate numerose metalloporfine sintetiche che, libere nel mezzo di reazione, hanno mostrato promettenti proprietà catalitiche emulanti le perossidasi lignolitiche. Tuttavia, come tali non presentano alcuna applicabilità su larga scala, per ragioni di ordine economico.
Nel presente lavoro sono stati, dunque, sintetizzati alcuni catalizzatori biomimetici emulanti il sito attivo di questi enzimi, sfruttando supporti organici ed inorganici modificati chimicamente con funzioni in grado di legare tramite legame di coordinazione le metalloporfine sintetiche.
Gli addotti così sintetizzati sono stati dapprima caratterizzati tramite spettroscopia UV/Vis e FT–IR, ed è stato descritto come l’immobilizzazione avvenga
effettivamente attraverso un legame di coordinazione, mostrando pertanto un’effettiva emulazione strutturale delle perossidasi lignolitiche.
Successivamente, i catalizzatori sono stati caratterizzati dal punto di vista funzionale, evidenziando proprietà di emulazione sia della lignina perossidasi, che della manganese perossidasi in presenza dell’ossidante più eco–compatibile possibile: il perossido di idrogeno. L’amplissima specificità di substrato, la sintesi poco costosa ele condizionidi reazione estremamente blande(pH neutro, pressione e temperatura ambiente, ossidante ambientalmente compatibile e totale assenza di solventi organici) rendono questi catalizzatori quantomai adatti
allo scaling–up industriale nel trattamento di materiali lignocellulosici in genere.
Lo studio di mediatori di ossidoriduzione diffusibili suggerisce anche una loro possibile applicazione con substrati non solubili in acqua, poiché le forme ossidate di questi(ad esempio Mn(III) e VA•⁺) possono efficacemente fungere da tramite tra il catalizzatore eterogeneo e simili substrati.
Le potenzialità applicative degli addotti sono state ulteriormente ampliate attraverso uno screening di decolorazione di coloranti sintetici appartenenti a
classi chimiche differenti. Anche in questo caso l’elevata efficienza e le blande condizioni operative risultano essere promettenti in ottica applicativa.
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Cussó, Forest Olaf. „Highly enantioselective epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide and biologically inspired iron and manganese catalysts“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393903.
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Asymmetric epoxidation is one of the most important reactions in synthetic organic chemistry, because chiral epoxides act as versatile electrophiles which can be converted in a number of interesting and useful chiral products. It’s known that current methodologies for obtaining excellent enantioselectivities need to be improved in terms of reaction times, use of not expensive or toxic metals, and avoidance of chlorinated solvents and oxidants that produce undesired wastes. Natural systems, such as iron enzymes are capable of perform this chemistry with high selectivity and efficiency under very mild conditions. Inspired by oxidations taking place at oxygenases, the combination of iron- and manganese-based catalysts and hydrogen peroxide is an attractive approach for developing oxidation methods because of availability, low cost and low toxicity considerations. One of the main objectives of this thesis is the development of iron and manganese complexes that mimics the structure and functions of these natural enzymes and the finding of new methodologies for enantioselective epoxidations using environmentally not aggressive conditions. One of the strategies developed in this thesis consists in investigating iron and manganese chiral coordination complexes with different electronic and steric properties on the ligand. Furthermore, it was envisioned that the study of these compounds could give useful information about the oxidation mechanism operating in oxygenase enzymes and may help to provide a basis for a rational design for future catalyst developments. The results obtained in this thesis show that the electronic properties of the ligand play an important role in order to get excellent enantioselectivities and different carboxylic acid additives can extent the substrate scope of the system. Finally, three new iron and manganese complexes are described as an efficient and stereoselective catalysts capable of performing highly enantioselective epoxidation of different kind of olefins, such as, cis-aromatic, trans-aromatic and also challenging substrates such as steroids, cyclic aliphatic enones and terminals olefins.L’epoxidació asimètrica és una de les reaccions més importants de la química orgànica. Perquè els epòxids quirals actuen com a electròfils versàtils, els quals poden ser convertits en productes quirals interessants i útils. És conegut que les metodologies actuals per obtenir altes enantioselectivitats necessiten ser millorades en termes de temps de reacció, l’ús de metalls tòxics i cars, i evitar dissolvents clorats i oxidants que produeixen subproductes no desitjats. Els sistemes natural, com els enzims de ferro, són capaços de dur a terme aquesta química amb altes selectivitats i eficiències sota condicions suaus. Inspirat en les oxidacions que tenen lloc en les oxigenases, la combinació de catalitzadors de ferro i manganès amb aigua oxigenada és un atractiu punt de partida per desenvolupar mètodes d’oxidació, degut a la seva disponibilitat, baix cost i baixa toxicitat. Un dels principals objectius d’aquesta tesis és el desenvolupament de catalitzadors de ferro i manganès que imiten l’estructura i les funcions dels enzims naturals i trobar una nova metodologia per fer epoxidacions enantioselectives utilitzant condicions no agressives. Una de les estratègies desenvolupades en aquesta tesis consisteix en investigar complexos de coordinació de ferro i manganès amb diferents propietats electròniques i estèriques en el lligand. A més, es preveu que els estudis d’aquests compostos podria donar informació útil sobre els mecanismes d’oxidació que operen en les oxigenases i també podria aportar conceptes bàsics per el disseny de futurs catalitzadors. Els resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesis mostren que les propietats electròniques dels lligands juguen un paper molt important a l’hora d’obtenir altes enantioselectivitats i l’ús de diferents àcids carboxílics pot expandir el nombre de substrats possibles a epoxidar d’aquest sistema. Finalment, tres nous complexos de ferro i manganès han esta descrits com a catalitzadors eficients i estereoselectiius capaços de dur a terme epoxidacions altament enantioselectives de diferents tipus d’olefines, com ara cis-olefines, trans-olefines i també substrats més difícils com ara, esteroides, enones cícliques alifàtiques i olefines terminals.
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Seeba, Marten. „Bioinspired dinuclear copper complexes for catalytic oxidation of phenolic substrates“. Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E4DC-8.
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Canta, i. Roldós Mercè. „Development of highly structured non-heme iron catalysts for selective C-H group oxidations“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/275978.
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Catalytic oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons that occur in the active site of metalloenzymes exhibit high efficiency and exquisite regio- and stereoselectivity under mild experimental conditions. We describe the efficient and selective oxidation of alkanes using a family of highly structured non-heme iron catalysts that introduce sterically bulky pinene groups. In this way, it is possible to modulate the selectivity, which depends on the combination of the chirality of the catalyst, the nature of the diamine backbone and the presence of a cavity-like site surrounding the metal center. We present an optimized reaction protocol for efficient oxidation of alkanes with the readily available [Fe(CF3SO3)2(mcp)] catalyst, which shows enhanced selectivity toward methylenic sites. Finally, we describe a new family of iron catalysts to systematically study the steric influence of the ligand in regioselectivity. We observe a strong relationship between the bulk of the silyl substituent and the regioselectivity offered by the catalyst.Les reaccions catalítiques d’oxidació d’hidrocarburs que ocorren al centre actiu dels metal•loenzims són eficients, regio- i estereoselectives en condicions experimentals molt suaus. Es descriu l’oxidació eficient i selectiva d’alcans utilitzant una família de catalitzadors de ferro no-hemo altament estructurats que incorporen grups pinè voluminosos. D’aquesta manera és possible modular la selectivitat, que depèn de la combinació de la quiralitat del catalitzador, la natura de la diamina pont i la presència d’una cavitat al voltat del centre metàl•lic. Es presenta un protocol de reacció optimitzat per l’oxidació eficient d’alcans amb el catalitzador disponible [Fe(CF3SO3)2(mcp)], que mostra una millor selectivitat per posicions metilèniques. Finalment, es descriu una nova família de catalitzadors de ferro per estudiar sistemàticament la influencia estèrica del lligand en la regioselectivitat. S’observa una forta relació entre l’impediment imposat pel substituent silil i la regioselectivitat mostrada pel catalitzador.
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Vo, Nhat Tam. „Bioinspired semi-hemic iron(III) complex for chemical and photochemical oxygen atom transfer reactions“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS319.
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L’oxydation des hydrocarbures est une transformation chimique difficile aussi bien en biologie qu’en chimie. Les espèces active métal-oxo en de haut degré d’oxydation sont des intermédiaires capables d’effectuer ces transformations. Dans ce manuscrit, nous rapportons la synthèse et la caractérisation d'un complexe de fer (III) supporté par un ligand hémi-porphyrinique non innocent, construit avec un fragment dipyrrine et deux fonctions pyridines. Les complexes de fer (III) ont été préparés et caractérisés, en mettant l'accent sur leur comportement électrochimique et leur utilisation potentielle en tant que catalyseurs pouvant achiver des sources d'oxygène vertes telles que le dioxygène et l'eau en vue d’oxyder des hydrocarbures. Nous avons constaté que ces complexes peuvent catalyser l'oxydation d'une grande variété de substrats en utilisant un agent oxydant tel que l'iodosylbenzène. Curieusement, nos résultats rassemblés suggèrent un schéma de réactivité qui découle d’une espèce de fer de bas degré d’oxydation. Les analyses de résonance paramagnétique électronique et de Mössbauer confirment l'existence d'une espèce réactive de fer (III) haut spin. De plus, les données de spectrométrie de masse et de spectroscopie infrarouge appuyées par des calculs de DFT nous ont aidés à proposer la formulation chimique de cet intermédiaire généré chimiquement où le ligand a été oxydé de manière réversible. En outre, ces complexes ont été utilisés comme catalyseurs dans un système photocatalytique utilisant un accepteur d'électron réversible permettant d'éviter le recours néfaste à un donneur d'électrons sacrificiel. Notre étude fournit un nouveau paradigme pour effectuer des réactions photoinduites de transfert d'atome d'oxygène utilisant la lumière comme la source d'énergie et de l'O₂ comme la source d'atome d'oxygène en solution aqueuseHydrocarbon oxidation is a real challenging chemical transformation both in biology and chemistry. Highly oxidized metal-oxo species are the active intermediates to perform these transformations. In this manuscript we report the synthesis and characterization of an iron(III) complex supported by a non-innocent hemi-porphyrinic ligand, constructed with a dipyrrin fragment and two pyridine functions. The iron(III) complexes have been prepared and characterized, with a focus on their electrochemical behavior and their potential use as catalysts in the activation of green oxygen source such as dioxygen and water for hydrocarbon oxidation. We found that these complexes can catalyze the oxidation of a fair variety of substrates using oxidant agent such as iodosylbenzene. Intriguingly, our gathered results point to a reactivity pattern that stems from a low-oxidation state iron species. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Mössbauer analyses support a high spin iron(III) reactive species. Furthermore, data from mass spectrometry and Infra-red spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations helped us to propose the chemical formulation of this chemically generated intermediate where the ligand has been reversibly oxidized. Additionally, these complexes were used as catalysts in a photocatalytic system using a reversible electron acceptor to preclude the “evil necessity” of a sacrificial electron donor. Our study provides a new paradigm to perform photoinduced oxygen atom transfer reactions with solely light as energy input and O₂ as oxygen atom source in aqueous solution
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André, Rute da Conceição Tavares [Verfasser]. „Bioinspired composite materials and biomimetic catalysis / Rute da Conceição Tavares André“. Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052002560/34.
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Vidal, Sánchez Diego. „Bioinspired iron models: from diiron complexes to supramolecular functionalized metallocavitands“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668200.
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The oxidation of hydrocarbons under soft and selective conditions is a reaction almost exclusively produced under these conditions by enzymes. A lot of these enzymes, posses iron in their metal center, responsible for the reactivity. Not only the metal is responsible for the reactivity, but also the surrounding environment (residues, special geometries) that direct the reactivity of the metal through spececific pathways that enhance the activity and selectivity of the reaction. In this thesis, there have been prepared simple models of bimetalic iron centers, in order to reproduce the reactivity of bimetallic iron enzymes, and on the other hand, imitate the environment around the metal center Combining this center with a supramolecular structure, specifically the cavitands, in order to imitate the selectivity and / or the improvement of the activity of the metal center aloneLa oxidació d’hidrocarburs en condicions suaus i selectives és una reacció que gairebé exclusivament es produïda en aquestes condicions pels enzims. Una gran part d’aquests enzims, tenen ferro en el seu centre metàl·lic, el cual és responsable de la reactivitat. A més a més, no nomès el metall és l’únic responsable de la reactivitat, si no també l’entorn que envolta properament al metall dirigeix la reacció de tal manera que es pugui dur a terme de manera més eficient i selectiva. En aquesta tesi, doncs, s’han preparat models simples de centres de ferro bimetàl·lics, per tal de reproduir la reactivitat d’enzims bimetàl·lics de ferro, i per altra banda, intentar imitar aquest entorn al voltant del centre metàl·lic, combinant aquest centre amb una estructura supramolecular, concretament els cavitands, per tal de imitar la selectivitat i/o la millora de la activitat del centre metàlic per si sol
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Isci, Umit. „Novel N-bridged diiron phthalocyanine complexes : synthesis, characterization and application in oxidation“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881309.
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The synthetic approach was developed for the preparation of N-bridged diiron phthalocyanines substituted by different electron-withdrawing alkylsulfonyl substituents. Six novel phthalocyanines bearing small (methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl and hexylsulfonyl) and bulky (t-butylsulfonyl, adamantylsulfonyl and cyclohexylsulfonyl) substituents have been prepared and characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), UV-Vis, FT-IR and EPR. Two complexes (with hexylsulfonyl and t-butylsulfonyl substituents) were characterized in addition by Mössbauer techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES, EXAFS, high resolution Kβ emission spectroscopy). It has been evidenced that the electronic state of iron in these complexes depends on the size of the substituents. While N-bridged diiron phthalocyanines having methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl and hexylsulfonyl substituents are cationic (PcFeIVNFeIVPc)+N3- complexes, N-bridged diiron phthalocyanines with bulkier t-butylsulfonyl, adamantylsulfonyl and cyclohexylsulfonyl substituents are formally neutral PcFeIIINFeIVPc species. The catalytic properties of six N-bridged diiron phthalocyanines have been studied, using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) as the oxidant in the oxidation of toluene, p-xylene as well as in the oxidation of various alcohols. This thesis demonstrates the efficiency of N-bridged diiron phthalocyanines substituted by electron-withdrawing alkylsulfonyl groups as oxidation catalysts, in conditions required by environmental and industrial preoccupations
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Gómez, Martín Laura. „Bioinspired iron and manganese catalysts for the effective and selective oxidation of alkanes and alkenes“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8056.
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La gran eficiència, selectivitat i les condicions suaus exhibides per les reaccions que tenen lloc al centre actiu de les metal·looxigenases són la font d'inspiració per la present dissertació. Amb l'objectiu de dissenyar catalitzadors d'oxidació eficients hem fet ús de dues estratègies: la primera consisteix en el disseny de complexos amb baix pes molecular inspirats en aspectes estructurals de la primera esfera de coordinació del centre metàl·lic d'enzims de ferro i de manganès. Aquests complexos s'han estudiat com a catalitzadors en l'oxidació selectiva d'alcans i d'alquens fent servir oxidants "verds" com ara l'H2O2. La segona estratègia està basada en l'ús de la química supramolecular per tal de desenvolupar estructures moleculars auto-acoblades amb la forma i les propietats químiques desitjades. Concretament, la construcció de nanocontenidors amb un catalitzador d'oxidació incrustat a la seva estructura ens permetria dur a terme reaccions més selectives, tal com passa en les reaccions catalitzades per enzims.The high efficiency, selectivity and mild conditions exhibited by the reactions that take place in the active site of metallooxygenases are the source of inspiration of the present dissertation. With the aim of designing efficient oxidation catalysts, we make use of two different strategies: the first one is the design of low molecular weight complexes inspired by structural aspects of the first coordination sphere of the metal active site of non-heme iron and manganese enzymes. These complexes are studied as catalysts for the selective oxidation of alkanes and alkenes using green oxidants such as H2O2. The second strategy is based on the use of supramolecular chemistry to develop self-assembled molecular structures with desired shape and chemical properties. Particularly, the construction of cavity-containing 3D nanovessels with an oxidation catalyst embedded in their structures would allow us to perform more selective reactions, analogously to the reactions catalyzed by enzymes.
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Company, Casadevall Anna. „O2 activation at bioinspired complexes: dinuclear copper systems and mononuclear non-heme iron compounds. Mechanisms and catalytic applications in oxidative transformations“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8048.
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L'activació d'oxigen que té lloc en els éssers vius constitueix una font d'inspiració pel desenvolupament d'alternatives als oxidants tradicionals, considerats altament tòxics i nocius. En aquesta treball s'utilitzen compostos sintètics com a models del centre actiu de proteïnes dinuclears de coure i mononuclears de ferro de tipus no-hemo que participen en l'activació d'oxigen en els éssers vius. Els sistemes dinuclears de coure mostren un centre de tipus coure(III) bis(oxo) que és capaç de dur a terme l'ortho-hidroxilació de fenols de manera similar a la reacció que catalitza la proteïna tirosinasa. Per altra banda, els sistemes de ferro desenvolupats en aquest treball actuen com a models de les dioxigenases de Rieske i poden dur a terme l'hidroxilació estereoespecífica d'alcans i l'epoxidació i cis-dihidroxilació d'olefines utilitzant peròxid d'hidrogen com a agent oxidant. Tot plegat demostra que el desenvolupament de sistemes model constitueix una bona estratègia per l'estudi dels sistemes naturals.Oxygen activation in biological systems serves as inspiration for the development of alternatives to traditional oxidants which are considered highly toxic and environmentally harmful. In this work, synthetic compounds are used as models of the active site of dinuclear copper proteins and mononuclear non-heme iron systems involved in oxygen activation in natural systems. The prepared dinuclear copper complexes show the formation of copper(III)-bis(oxo) species capable of performing the ortho-hydroxylation of phenols analogously to the reaction performed by tyrosinase. On the other hand, the synthesized iron systems can be considered as models of Rieske dioxygenases and they can perform the estereospecific hydroxylation of alkanes and the epoxidation and cis-dihydroxylation of olefins using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. Overall, the work presented here demonstrates that the development of model systems constitutes a good approach for the study of natural systems.
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Prat, Casellas Irene. „Bioinspired non-heme iron catalysts for challenging oxidative transformations: mechanistic studies and catalytic applications on selective alkane hydroxylation and alkene cis-dihydroxilation“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117778.
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The functionalization of hydrocarbons in a sustainable manner is one of the main challenges for chemists. Their abundance in nature as natural gas or crude oil makes them the most convenient chemical feedstock. The oxidation of hydrocarbons is one of the most interesting reactions, because the introduction of an oxygen atom introduces functionality in these molecules, increasing their value as reagents for further chemical transformation. However, these reactions are fundamentally difficult due to the low reactivity of alkyl C-H bonds. Current available methodologies involve highly reactive-oxidizing reagents, high temperatures and long-time reactions in order to overcome this lack of reactivity. These harsh conditions introduce drawbacks in terms of chemo- and regioselectivity, essential to produce synthetic valuable products. An important step forward is the development of one-step oxidation methodologies, allowing the oxidation of C-H and C=C with high regio- and stereoselectivity. Natural systems, such as iron enzymes, are capable of perform this chemistry with high selectivity and efficiency. Iron is the most abundant metallic element in the earth and is essential for live. In addition, this lack of toxicity makes it and attractive material to substitute more toxic and expensive metals currently used. One of the main objective of this thesis is design of iron complexes that mimics the structure and function of these natural enzymes with the aim of find new methodologies for the selective C-H and C=C bond oxidation using green conditions. Furthermore, the study of these compounds could give useful information about the oxidation mechanisms operating in oxygenase enzymes. The results obtained in this thesis clarify the mechanism by which the oxidation of the C-H bond with retention of stereochemistry takes place at a mononuclear non-heme iron site, and evidence the formation of a high valent iron (V) capable of perform the cis-dihydroxylation of alkenes. Furthermore, a new complex is described as an efficient and selective catalyst capable of performing this chemistry in a scale amenable for synthetic applicationsLa funcionalització d'hidrocarburs de manera sostenible i eficaç és un dels principals reptes per la química moderna, degut a que la seva abundància natural els fa una important matèria primera. L'oxidació d'hidrocarburs és una de les reaccions més interessants, ja que la introducció d’un àtom d’oxigen en l’estructura d’un hidrocarburs li confereix funcionalitat química, fa augmentar el seu valor i els converteix en reactius adients per subseqüents transformacions químiques. No obstant això, aquestes reaccions són difícils a causa de la inherent baixa reactivitat dels hidrocarburs. Les metodologies actualment disponibles impliquen la utilització d’espècies altament oxidants i tòxiques, altes temperatures i llargs temps de reacció per tal de superar aquesta manca de reactivitat. Aquestes condicions extremes eviten que la química es pugui dur a terme de manera selectiva, fet essencial per produir productes d’alt valor sintètic. Un avanç important és el desenvolupament de metodologies de reacció suaus que permetin l'oxidació d'enllaços C-H i C=C amb alta regio- i estereoselectivitat. Els sistemes naturals, com ara enzims de ferro, són capaços de realitzar aquesta química. El ferro és l’element metàl•lic més abundant a la terra i és clau per nombrosos processos vitals, a més la seva baixa toxicitat el fa un atractiu material per substituir els elements de segona i tercera seria de transició més cars i tòxics emprats actualment. Un dels principals objectius d’aquesta tesi és dissenyar catalitzadors de ferro que imiten l’estructura i la funció dels enzims naturals per tal de trobar una nova metodologia que permeti l'oxidació selectiva d'enllaços C-H i C=C utilitzant condicions suaus i mediambientalment més benignes que les metodologies tradicionals. A més, l’estudi d’aquests sistemes pot donar informació útil sobre el mecanisme d’oxidació del propi enzim. Els resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesi aclareixen el mecanisme pel qual es duu a terme la hidroxilació de l’enllaç C-H amb retenció de la estereoselectivitat en centres mononuclears de ferro, i evidencien la formació d’una espècie de ferro (V) d’alt estat d’oxidació capaç de catalitzar la cis-dihidroxilació d’alquens. A més a més, es descobreix un catalitzador eficient i selectiu capaç de dur a terme aquesta química en condicions d’escala preparativa
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Le, Ha Vu [Verfasser], Arne [Akademischer Betreuer] Thomas, Arne [Gutachter] Thomas und Christian [Gutachter] Limberg. „Bioinspired solid catalysts for the hydroxylation of methane / Ha Vu Le ; Gutachter: Arne Thomas, Christian Limberg ; Betreuer: Arne Thomas“. Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156462479/34.
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Chandra, Anirban. „Synthesis of Bioinspired Dioxygen Reduction Catalysts Involving Mono and Polynuclear Late Transition Metal Complexes and Spectroscopic Trapping of Reactive Intermediates“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22579.
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Die selektive Funktionalisierung nicht aktivierter C−H-Bindungen und die Disauerstoffreduktionsreaktion (ORR) sind extrem wichtig bei der Beschäftigung mit verschiedenen technologischen Problemstellungen wie der Energiekrise, der Synthese kommerziell relevanter organischer Verbindungen usw. Die Nutzung molekularen Sauerstoffs als reichlich vorhandenes und umweltverträgliches Oxidationsmittel ist von großem Interesse in der Entwicklung bioinspirierter synthetischer Oxidationskatalysatoren. Die katalytische Vier-Elektronen-Reduktion von Disauerstoff zu Wasser erlangte auch immer größere Aufmerksamkeit wegen ihrer Bedeutung in der Brennstoffzellentechnologie. Natürlich vorkommende Metalloenzyme aktivieren Disauerstoff durch die Nutzung günstiger Übergangsmetalle (z.B. Eisen, Nickel, Mangan und Kupfer) und weisen diverse oxidative Reaktivitäten auf. Des Weiteren werden solche Reaktionen unter Umgebungsbedingungen mit hoher Effizienz und Stereoselektivität durchgeführt. Deshalb kann die Isolierung und Charakterisierung hochvalenter Metall-Disauerstoff-Intermediate (wie Metall-Superoxo-, Metall-Peroxo-, Metall-Hydroperoxo- und Metall-Oxo-Verbindungen) eine Menge nützlicher Informationen über die Reaktionsmechanismen liefern und daher hilfreich für die zukünftige Entwicklung effizienterer Katalysatoren sein. Diese Arbeit hat die Chemie verschiedener Metall-Disauerstoff-Intermediate von end-on-1,2-Peroxo-dicobalt(III)-Spezies bis zu Superoxo-nickel(II)-Kernen erforscht. Detaillierte spektroskopische Untersuchungen sowie Reaktivitätsstudien der Intermediate wurden durchgeführt, um den Zusammenhang zwischen ihrer elektronischen Struktur und ihren Reaktivitätsmustern aufzuklären. In meiner Arbeit untersuchte ich den Effekt der ‚Struktur-Aktivität-Beziehung‘ verschiedener Metall-Disauerstoff-Intermediate gegenüber exogener Substrate. Diese Arbeit zeigte auch den Einfluss des Designs geeigneter Liganden auf das Verhalten eines gegebenen reaktiven Metall-Disauerstoff-Systems.Selective functionalization of unactivated C−H bonds and dioxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are extremely important in the context of addressing various technological issues such as energy-crisis, synthesis of commercially important organic compounds, etc. The utilization of molecular oxygen as an abundant and environmentally benign oxidant is of great interest in the design of bioinspired synthetic oxidation catalysts. The catalytic four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water has also merited increasing attention because of its relevance to fuel cell technology. Naturally occurring metalloenzymes activate dioxygen by employing cheap transition metals (e.g. iron, nickel, manganese, and copper) and exhibit diverse oxidative reactivities. Moreover, such reactions are carried out under ambient conditions with high efficiency and stereospecificity. Therefore, the isolation and characterization of the high-valent metal-dioxygen intermediates (such as metal-superoxo, -peroxo, -hydroperoxo, and -oxo can provide a lot of useful information about the reaction mechanisms and is therefore helpful for the future design of more efficient catalysts. This thesis has explored the chemistry of different metal-dioxygen intermediates ranging from bridging end-on μ-1,2-peroxo-dicobalt(III) species to nickel(II)-superoxo cores. Detailed spectroscopic and reactivity studies of the intermediates have been performed to reveal the correlations between their electronic structures and reactivity patterns. In my present thesis, I investigated the effect of the ‘structure-activity relationship’ of different metal-dioxygen intermediates towards exogenous substrates. This thesis also demonstrated the impact of suitable ligand design on the behaviour of a given metal-dioxygen reactive system.
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Chandra, Anirban [Verfasser]. „Synthesis of Bioinspired Dioxygen Reduction Catalysts Involving Mono and Polynuclear Late Transition Metal Complexes and Spectroscopic Trapping of Reactive Intermediates / Anirban Chandra“. Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230406808/34.
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Garcia, Bosch Isaac. „Managanese and dicopper complexes for bioinspired oxidation reactions: catalytic and mechanistic studies on C-H and C=C oxidations“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/78940.
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Enzymes are high-weight molecules which catalyze most of the metabolic processes in living organisms. Very often, these proteins contain one or more 1st row transition metal ions in their active center (Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, etc.), and are known as metalloenzymes or metalloproteins. Among these, metalloenzymes that activate molecular oxygen and use it as terminal oxidant stand out because of the wide range of catalyzed reactions and their exquisite selectivity. In this PhD dissertation we develop low-weight synthetic bioinspired complexes that can mimic structural and/or functional features of the active center of oxigenases. In the first part, we describe the use of unsymmetric dinuclear Cu complexes which are capable of performing the oxidation of phenols and phenolates in a analogous manner of the tyrosinase protein. In the second part, we describe the use of mononuclear manganese complexes in the oxidation of alcanes and alquenes.Els enzims són molècules d’elevat pes molecular que catalitzen la majoria de processos metabòlics en els éssers vius. Sovint aquestes proteïnes contenen un o diversos ions metàl•lics de la 1a sèrie de transició en el seu centre actiu (Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, etc.), essent anomenats metal•loenzims o metal•loproteïnes. D’aquests, els metal•loenzims que activen la molècula d’oxigen i l’utilitzen com a oxidant ressalten per la varietat de reaccions catalitzades i la seva exquisida selectivitat. En aquesta tesi doctoral, desenvolupem complexos de baix pes molecular que puguin mimetitzar estructural i/o funcionalment els centres actius de les oxigenases. En una primera part, es descriu la utilització de complexos assimètrics dinuclears de Cu capaços de dur a terme l'oxidació de fenols i fenolats de manera similar a la proteïna tirosinasa. En una segona part, es descriu l'ús de complexos mononuclears de manganès per a l'oxidació d'alcans i alquens.
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Dantignana, Valeria. „Bioinspired metal-based oxidants: selectivity in catalytic hydroxylation of aliphatic C-H bonds and insight into the reactivity of oxoiron species“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671447.
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Selective oxidation of C-H bonds is an important reaction, as it can disclose novel synthetic strategies to get functionalized products through efficient paths. Nonetheless, due to the inert character of C-H bonds, the use of powerful oxidants is needed. In addition, achieving selectivity in such reactions is difficult. In that regard, nature can be taken as inspiration, since oxidation reactions are efficiently and selectively performed by iron-dependent oxygenases. Thus, in order to develop novel methodologies, bioinspired complexes have been explored as oxidation catalysts. In this line, in this thesis hydroxylation of C-H bonds catalyzed by bioinspired iron and manganese complexes has been first investigated. Subsequently, being mechanistic understanding important for the design of efficient catalysts, high-valent oxoiron compounds have been investigated to deeper comprehend how to modulate their oxidative abilityLa oxidación selectiva de enlaces C-H es una reacción importante ya que permite el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para la síntesis de productos funcionalizados mediante procesos altamente eficientes. No obstante, debido al carácter inerte del enlace C-H, se necesitan oxidantes muy fuertes. Además, conseguir altas selectividades en estas reacciones es especialmente complicado. En este sentido, la naturaleza se puede utilitzar como fuente de inspiración ya que en los sistemas biológicos este tipo de reacciones son catalizadas con alta eficiencia y selectividad por oxigenasas dependientes de hierro. Así pues, el desarrollo de nuevas metodologías sintéticas se basa en el uso de complejos bioinspirados como catalizadores de oxidación. En esta tesis se estudia en primer lugar el uso de complejos bioinspirados de hierro y manganeso para la hidroxilación de enlaces C-H. Posteriormente se investigan compuestos hierro-oxo de alta valencia para comprender mejor sus propiedades oxidativas y poder diseñar así catalizadores más eficientes
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Milan, Michela. „Oxidation of unactivated C-H bonds catalyzed by manganese complexes: control over site-selectivity and enantioselectivity“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664865.
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The oxidation of aliphatic C-H bonds is a very powerful reaction because it allows the functionalization of inert C-H bonds, converting them into a suitable sites for further chemical elaboration. It also represents one of the most challenging reactions in modern synthetic organic chemistry because the multitude of aliphatic C-H bonds in a molecule makes site selective oxidation particularly difficult. Moreover, the introduction of chirality represents an unmet but very appealing challenge, because the asymmetric oxidation of hydrocarbons produces chiral compounds of high value in organic synthesis from readily available starting materials. Until now, examples of enantioselective oxidation of nonactivated aliphatic C-H bonds remain exclusive to enzymes. This thesis has been devoted to the development of new catalytic systems capable to oxidize nonactivated aliphatic C-H bonds in a site-selective and enantioselective manner. In particularly, chemo- and enantioselective aliphatic C-H oxidation reactions, especially focused in amide containing substrates have been developed.L'oxidació d’enllaços C-H alifàtics és una reacció altament interessant perquè permet funcionalitzar l'enllaç C-H inert, generant molècules d’alt interès sintètic. No obstant, també es tracta d'una de les reaccions que més atenció ha generat en en el camp de la química orgànica sintètica moderna perquè la multitud d'enllaços C-H alifàtics present en una mateixa molècula fa que l'oxidació selectiva d’un enllaç específic sigui particularment difícil. A més, la introducció de quiralitat en aquesta reacció representa, encara a dia d’avui, un repte molt atractiu, ja que l'oxidació asimètrica d'hidrocarburs, compostos altament abundants a la naturalesa, permet l'obtenció de compostos quirals d'alt valor en síntesi orgànica; i de moment, segueix sent una transformació exclusiva dels enzims. En particular, s'han desenvolupat reaccions d'oxidació de C-H alifàtiques quimio- i enantioselectives, enfocades en substrats que contenen un grup funcional amida.
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Bohn, Antoine. „Approche électrochimique de l'activation réductrice du dioxygène à l'aide d'un complexe de fer(II) non hémique“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS471/document.
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Les cytochromes P450 sont des enzymes mononucléaires de fer qui catalysent l’oxydation de liaisons C-H en utilisant le dioxygène de l’air. L’activation de O2 nécessite sa réduction partielle par l'apport de deux protons et deux électrons. Ces derniers sont fournis par le réducteur naturel NADPH par l'intermédiaire d'une flavoprotéine qui permet de convertir l’adduit fer(II)-O2 en un intermédiaire de type fer(III)-peroxo dont les protonations successives permettent la rupture hétérolytique de la liaison O—O et l’obtention d’un intermédiaire de type fer-oxo responsable de l’oxydation du substrat.1 Ce projet s’inscrit dans le cadre de la chimie bio-inspirée, il a pour objectif de développer des catalyseurs de fer non-hémiques afin de réaliser l’oxydation de petites molécules organiques en utilisant le dioxygène de l’air. L’activation du dioxygène est assurée par le biais d’une électrode qui sert de source d’électrons mais également de sonde mécanistique. Pour comprendre le mécanisme de l’activation du dioxygène il est nécessaire (i) de générer les intermédiaires réactionnels oxydants (fer-oxo, fer-(hydro)peroxo) par le biais d’oxydants chimiques comme le PhIO et H2O2 puis (ii) de les caractériser par spectroscopie et électrochimie à basse température. Enfin (iii) l’étude expérimentale par voltampérométrie cyclique de la réaction du complexe de Fe(II) en présence de dioxygène couplée à des simulations de voltampérogrammes de cette même réaction (à l’aide de données thermodynamiques et cinétiques obtenues en (ii)) permettent ainsi de valider le mécanisme de l’activation réductrice du dioxygène de ce système. Ce travail a démontré que les complexes de FeII avec des ligands amines/pyridine peuvent activer le dioxygène à la surface d’une électrode en suivant un mécanisme proche de celui du cytochrome P450. A présent, la difficulté principale est de s’affranchir de la réduction prématurée des intermédiaires lorsqu’ils sont générés à l’électrode. En se basant sur ces résultats, l’essentiel du travail est à présent ciblé sur la compréhension des différents paramètres (première sphère de coordination, conditions expérimentales, …) qui peuvent modifier la stabilité des intermédiaires et donc l’efficacité de la catalyseCytochrome P450 is a mononuclear iron enzyme, which catalyzes the oxidation of robust C-H bonds using O2. Activation of O2 is achieved at the Fe(II) center and requires an electron transfer to convert the iron(II)-dioxygen adduct into an iron(III)peroxo intermediate. After protonation, this latter may directly oxidize substrates or evolves to yield a powerful high valent iron-oxo moiety. In such natural systems, the necessary electrons are provided by a co-substrate NAD(P)H and are conveyed through a reductase.1The aim of this project is to develop non-heme iron(II) complexes as catalysts for the oxidation of small organic molecules by O2. Our objective is to use an electrode to deliver the electrons while providing mechanistic information at the same time thanks to a combined experimental/simulation approach using cyclic voltammetry. This work has shown that simple Fe(II) complexes bearing amine/pyridine ligands can activate O2 at an electrode surface following a mechanism that is reminiscent of the one of P450. However, the main scientific lock is to avoid the fast reduction of the reaction intermediates when they are generated at the electrode. We are currently studying how alterations of the first coordination sphere of the metal center and experimental conditions modulate the formation and the stability of these intermediates and thus, the efficiency of the catalysts
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Jagoda, Malgorzata [Verfasser]. „Bioinspired catalysts for phosphoryl transfer reactions / vorgelegt von Malgorzata Jagoda“. 2005. http://d-nb.info/977299023/34.
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„Bioinspired Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production: Synthetic and Biological Approaches“. Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44319.
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abstract: Development of efficient and renewable electrocatalytic systems is foundational to creation of effective means to produce solar fuels. Many redox enzymes are functional electrocatalysts when immobilized on an electrode, but long-term stability of isolated proteins limits use in applications. Thus there is interest in developing bio-inspired functional catalysts or electrocatalytic systems based on living organisms. This dissertation describes efforts to create both synthetic and biological electrochemical systems for electrocatalytic hydrogen production.
The first part of this dissertation describes the preparation of three different types of proton reduction catalysts. First, four bioinspired diiron complexes of the form (μ-SRS)Fe(CO)3[Fe(CO)(N-N)] for SRS = 1,2-benzenedithiolate (bdt) and 1,3-propanedithiolate (pdt) and N-N = 2,2’-bipyridine (bpy) and 2,2’-bypyrimidine (bpym), are described. Electrocatatlytic experiments show that although the byprimidinal complexes are not catalysts, the bipyridyl complexes produce hydrogen from acetic acid under reducing conditions. Second, three new mononuclear FeII carbonyl complexes of the form [Fe(CO)(bdt)(PPh2)2] in which P2 = bis-phosphine: 4,5-Bis(diphenylphosphino)- 9,9-dimethylxanthene (Xantphos), 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene (dppb), or cis- 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene (dppv) are described. All are functional bio-inspired models of the distal Fe site of [FeFe]-hydrogenases. Of these, the Xanthphos complex is the most stable to redox reactions and active as an electrocatalyst. Third, a molybdenum catalyst based on the redox non-innocent PDI ligand framework is also shown to produce hydrogen in the presence of acid.
The second part of this dissertation describes creating functional interfaces between chemical and biological models at electrode surfaces to create electroactive systems. First, covalent tethering of the redox probe ferrocene to thiol-functionalized reduced graphene oxide is demonstrated. I demonstrate that this attachment is via the thiol functional groups. Second, I demonstrate the ability to use electricity in combination with light to drive production of hydrogen by the anaerobic, phototrophic microorganism Heliobacterium modesticaldum.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Biochemistry 2017