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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Cat fish"
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Darmaji, Darmaji, Anton Komaini, Gian Utumo Inarta, Phil Yanuar Kiram, Sri Gusti Handayani und Padli Padli. „How is the relationship between student responses and students' motor skills after using the cat vs fish game E-module?“ Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 17, Nr. 11 (30.11.2022): 4000–4018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i11.8429.
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The development of games that are applied in learning physical education, sports, and health is a solution to the boredom felt by students during learningtake place. The aims of this research are (1) How is the feasibility of the fish vs cat game e-module? (2) How do students respond to the use of the cat vs fish e-module? (3) How are the students' motor skills different before and after using the cat vs fish e-module in class VA and VB? (4) What is the relationship between students' responses to the use of the cat vs fish e-module with students' motor skills after using the cat vs fish e-module?. Research methodologyused in this research is research and development. At the trial stage, it was carried out by involving 60 students consisting of 2 classes. The conclusion of this study is that the developed cat vs fish game e-module has been declared valid to be used, based on the t-test conducted showing that there are differences in students' motor skills before and after using the cat vs fish game e-module in class VA and class VB. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between student responses and students' motor skills after using the cat vs fish e-module. The cat vs fish game e-module can be a learning innovation in physical education, sports, and health subjects that can be a guide for cat vs fish games so as to train students' motor skills.
Keywords: Physics, SPS, problem based learning, melde practicum, gender
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Syarifuddin, Khairul Anshar, Subhan und Rizka Mulyawan. „Feasibility Study of Potential Utilization of Tofu Industry Waste Into Cat Fish Feed“. SAINSMAT: Journal of Applied Sciences, Mathematics, and Its Education 10, Nr. 2 (19.12.2021): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/sainsmat673.
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Cat fish is one of preferred food for most Acehnese people, particularly in Lhokseumawe regions. This is the motive of most people are interested in cultivating such fish; beside the selling price is relatively high, it also has increasing ramp of demand every year. In order to meet the increasing demand, the fish farms are in need of appropriate feed aiming for upgrading cat fish growing rate. Around Lhokseumawe region, despite of numerous tofu industries the dregs are still not well utilized. The waste of tofu industries, which is tofu dregs, functions as cat fish feed. Tofu dregs made cat fish feed has numbers of advantages, such as accelerating the fish growth until 17-18%. This is due to the coarse fiber protein contain to be 7.11%, fat 4.93% and BETN 44.50%. Beside its nutritional advantages as alternative cat fish feed raw material, tofu dregs as cat fish feed material should be examined in technical and financial aspects so that it is guaranteed to be implemented. Hence, in this research the feasibility study was conducted on technical aspects of processing solid tofu dregs to be cat fish feed by using BEP and PP analysis methods. According to Payback Period (PP) value, the business has three months and six days period of time in order to return the initial investment capital. The production rate in one months must be above 542 kg in order to avoid from being lost. With the existing production capacity (1.092 kg/month), the cat fish feed price must be above IDR 6.116/kg in order to cover all expenditure in the time period.
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Ghafarifarsani, Hamed, Shiva Nedaei, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar und Hien Van Doan. „Effect of Different Levels of Chlorogenic Acid on Growth Performance, Immunological Responses, Antioxidant Defense, and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Juveniles“. Aquaculture Nutrition 2023 (19.04.2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3679002.
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The current study is designed to assay the efficacy of chlorogenic acid (ChA) in the diet on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, serum immunological, biochemical, and antioxidant variables, and mucosal immune response as well as disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. Rainbow trout juveniles received diets supplemented with different inclusion levels of ChA (0 (ctrl), 200 (CA1), 400 (CA2), 600 (CA3), and 800 (CA4) mg kg−1 diet) for 60 days. According to the findings, fish from CA3 and CA4 groups demonstrated the best results considering the final weight (FW) and weight gain (WG) ( P < 0.05 ). Also, the group that received 600 mg kg−1 ChA-supplemented diet showed the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the highest specific growth rate (SGR) compared to other groups ( P < 0.05 ). Moreover, the minimum survival rate (SR) was only detected in the CA4 treatment ( P < 0.05 ). Regression analysis exhibited that rainbow trout growth indices were polynomially linked to dietary chlorogenic acid concentrations. In this regard, the optimal levels of chlorogenic acid according to growth parameters (FCR and SGR) were 0.71 and 0.62 gr kg−1 diet, respectively. The results exhibited superior performance of protease and amylase activities in CA2, CA3, and CA4 groups with the maximum amount in the group receiving 600 mg kg−1 ChA-enriched diet ( P < 0.05 ). Serum lysozyme (LYZ), immunoglobulin (Ig), and components 3 and 4 (C3 and C4) values of CA2, CA3, and CA4 groups were significantly higher than others with the highest amount in the CA3 group (P <0.05). Additionally, serum nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) value in the CA3 and CA4 groups and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the CA3 group were notably more than others ( P < 0.05 ). Moreover, the lowest aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the highest total protein (TP) and globulin (GLO) values were observed in CA3 treatment ( P < 0.05 ). CA2 and CA3 groups demonstrated increased serum catalase (CAT) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) values compared to the control while the highest CAT and lowest MDA values were observed in CA3 treatment ( P < 0.05 ). Considering mucus immunity, the significantly maximum LYZ and protease values were demonstrated in CA2 and CA3 groups, and the highest ALP, Ig, and esterase values were demonstrated in the CA3 group. In comparison with the control, the mortality rates of the groups that received the ChA diets were remarkably ( P < 0.05 ) lower postchallenge with Y. ruckeri, and the highest survival and relative percentage of survival (RPS) ( P < 0.05 ) belonged to the CA3 group. Results obtained from the current study suggested ChA as a functional dietary additive to raise growth parameters, immune indices, antioxidant capacity, and resistance to disease in rainbow trout.
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Shen, Hong Yan, Lei Yang, Guo Xia Zhang und Jing Liang Yang. „Study on Antioxidant Enzyme of Brocarded Carp as Biomarkers of 2,4-DNT Pollution in Water“. Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (Juni 2010): 2171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.2171.
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In order to investigate ecotoxicity effect of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) to freshwater fish(Brocarded carp), the acute toxicity test and the sub-lethal expriment were conducted in lab. The acute toxicity test show that 96h LC50 value of 2,4-DNT to Brocarded carp is 19.67 mg/L. Its toxicity rating is moderately toxic to fish. Based on the result of the acute toxicity test, fish was exposed to different concentrations (1/2LC50, 1/4LC50, 1/16LC50, 1/256LC50, surface water standard concentration) and killed at 3, 7, 10 and 14 day after exposure. The activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) in liver tissue were analyzed. The results indicated the activities of SOD and CAT were inhibited from the third day in all treatment groups at post-exposure, they were lower than those of the control group (p＜0.01). The SOD and CAT activities of the control group were stable during 14-days. The CAT and SOD activities had the same changing trend and they were unstable under the pollution stress. The CAT enzyme was more sensitive than SOD enzyme under pollution stress. The results demonstrate that the SOD and CAT activities of liver in Brocarded Carp might be the promising biomarker of 2,4-DNT exposure to freshwater fish. Therefore it is suggested that the couple index of SOD and CAT could be used as biomarker of nitroaromatics compounds, when their pollutions affected living beings in aquatic environment.
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Ma’rifah, Faridlotul, Miftahul Rohmah Saputri, Agoes Soegianto, Bambang Irawan und Trisnadi Widyaleksono Catur Putranto. „The Change of Metallothionein and Oxidative Response in Gills of the Oreochromis niloticus after Exposure to Copper“. Animals 9, Nr. 6 (14.06.2019): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060353.
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In the present study, we investigated the effects of waterborne copper (Cu) on the levels of metallothionein (MT) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in gills of cichlid fish Oreochromis niloticus. The Cu concentrations in gills were measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The sandwich-ELISA was used to measure MT, SOD, CAT, and MDA. The Cu concentrations in gills of fish that were exposed to 1, 5, and 10 mg Cu/L were significantly increased at day 1 (D1), then gradually decreased starting from D2, and reaches the similar value with the controls at D5. A similar tendency has been observed in the MT levels in the gills. All of the Cu-exposed fish showed the highest level of MT on D1, and then decreased at D3 and a plateau at D4 and D5. The levels of SOD and CAT in gills in all Cu-exposed fish showed a similar pattern: increased significantly at D1, then gradually decreased starting from D2, and increased again at D4 and D5. The levels of MDA in gills of all Cu-exposed fish showed no significant difference. The indifference levels of MDA in gills of all Cu-exposed fish suggested the antioxidant defense systems (SOD and CAT) combined with the induction of MT were able to completely scavenge the increased ROS.
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Xue, Wang, Liang, Li und Li. „Effects of Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation in Fish of Different Sizes and Species“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 13 (09.07.2019): 2444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132444.
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Two endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River, the Rock Carp (Procypris rabaudi) and Prenant’s Schizothoracin (Schizothorax prenanti), were used as research objects in this study to assess the effects of total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation on fish of varying sizes. Fish were exposed to TDG-supersaturated water at the levels of 145, 140, 135, 130, and 125%. The results showed that fish swam slowly, responded clumsily, and then exhibited spiral swimming performance after a period of exposure to TDG-supersaturated water. Fish exhibited exophthalmos, body swelling, gill bleeding, and caudal fin bleeding when they died in the TDG-supersaturated water. With the increase in TDG supersaturation, the tolerance capacity of fish to supersaturated TDG significantly reduced. At high supersaturation, the difference in survival time between species was not significant, while fish with smaller sizes showed greater tolerance capacity. At low supersaturation, the tolerance capacity of fish was mainly affected by species, and the influence of size was relatively small. With the decrease in TDG supersaturation, the catalase (CAT) activity first increased and then decreased. Rock Carp displayed significantly less activity than Prenant’s Schizothoracin on exposure to TDG-supersaturated water. At high supersaturation levels, the CAT activity of Prenant’s Schizothoracin of small size was greater than that of large Prenant’s Schizothoracin. In contrast, small Prenant’s Schizothoracin showed less CAT activity at low TDG levels than did large individuals.
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Mishra, Rama, Birendra Gautam, Prativa Kaspal und Shyam Kumar Shah. „Population status and threats to fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus (Bennett, 1833) in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Eastern Nepal“. Nepalese Journal of Zoology 5, Nr. 1 (06.07.2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v5i1.38284.
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Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR) in eastern Terai of Nepal is believed to hold a relatively healthy population of vulnerable fishing cats but has remained unexplored. We conducted camera trapping and questionnaire survey in KTWR and its buffer zone in the winter of 2016 and 2017 to estimate the population status and threats to fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus. Camera trapping was conducted in 2016 on fish farms in the eastern buffer zone where we found a minimum of nine fishing cat individuals visiting the surveyed fish ponds. The frequency of their visits to fish ponds varied 0–5 (average 2) nights during seven active camera trap nights. A survey in the second year (2017) covered the entire reserve. Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture models estimated a population of 20 fishing cats with density of 8.4/100 km2 in KTWR and the eastern buffer zone. We interviewed 50 fish farmers to understand the people’s perceptions towards fishing cats. More than 40% of the respondents reported fishing cats consuming fish from their farm. Retaliation and road kills were documented as major threats of fishing cats in the study area. The population of the fishing cat is found dependent partially on fish ponds, indicating the possibility of conflict with fish farmers. We recommend the detailed study on the movement of fishing cats between the reserve and fish farming area in the buffer zone.
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Stuart, G. W., J. R. Vielkind, J. V. McMurray und M. Westerfield. „Stable lines of transgenic zebrafish exhibit reproducible patterns of transgene expression“. Development 109, Nr. 3 (01.07.1990): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.109.3.577.
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To study the frequency of germ-line transformation and to examine the reproducibility of tissue-specific transgene expression, we produced several lines of transgenic zebrafish expressing a recombinant chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. Supercoiled plasmids containing both Rous sarcoma virus and SV-40 promoter sequences upstream of the CAT coding region were injected into zebrafish embryos prior to first cleavage. CAT activity could be detected in batches of injected embryos as early as 8 h and up to at least 12 days post-fertilization. Approximately 18% of injected fish raised to maturity exhibited CAT activity in their fins, and approximately 5% of injected fish became stable germ-line transformants. Breeding studies indicated that although transgenic founder fish were frequently germ-line mosaics, transgenic individuals of subsequent generations were fully hemizygous for the transgene marker. The transgenes present in the F1 progeny of four independent lines were relatively well expressed in fin and skin, while lower levels of expression were observed in heart, gill and muscle. Little or no CAT expression was observed in the brain, liver and gonad. A monoclonal antibody directed against the CAT gene product consistently revealed variegated patterns of CAT expression in ectodermally derived fin epidermal cells in three of these lines. These results show that it is possible to efficiently produce stable germ-line transformants of the zebrafish and to observe reproducible tissue-specific patterns of transgene expression in this organism. Possible mechanisms for the variegated expression observed within tissues are also considered.
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Dawood, Mahmoud A. O., Mohamed Alkafafy und Hani Sewilam. „The antioxidant responses of gills, intestines and livers and blood immunity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to salinity and temperature stressors“. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 48, Nr. 2 (16.02.2022): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01052-w.
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AbstractAquaculture activity is affected by various environmental factors, including water salinity and high temperatures. The present study investigated the impact of using varying water salinity (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppt) on the growth behavior, immune responses and antioxidative responses of common carp. Fish were raised under optimal conditions except for water salinity for 8 weeks; fish were then subjected to high-temperature stress (32 °C) for 48 h. The results indicated a reduced final weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), feed intake and feed efficiency ratio (FER) in common carp reared in 15 and 20 ppt (p < 0.05). The lowest FBW, WG, SGR, CF, feed intake and FER values were observed in fish reared in 20 ppt water salinity (p < 0.05). In gills, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were markedly decreased, but malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in fish challenged with 15 and 20 ppt before they were subjected to heat stress (p < 0.05). After heat stress, the SOD, CAT and GPx were decreased, and the MDA increased in fish reared in varying salinity levels (p < 0.05). Before heat stress, the intestinal SOD, CAT and GPx markers were decreased by 15 and 20 ppt, while the MDA level was increased by 15 and 20 ppt (p < 0.05). Generally, heat stress lowered the SOD, CAT and GPx activity in the intestines and liver tissues but increased MDA levels in common carp stressed by varying salinity levels (p < 0.05). The most decreased lysozyme activity, SOD, CAT and GPx and increased MDA levels were observed in common carp exposed to 20 ppt before and after heat stress (p < 0.05). After heat stress, fish exposed to 15 and 20 ppt had lower NBT than the remaining groups, and fish exposed to 20 ppt had the lowest values (p < 0.05). Overall, the heat stress markedly suppressed the antioxidant and immune responses of common carp reared in hypersalinity conditions.
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Ahmed M A Hamad. „Changes in chemical composition, fatty acids and sensory quality of fried catfish fillets (Clariars gariepinus)“. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, Nr. 3 (30.06.2021): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.15.3.0152.
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Modification is proximate composition fatty acids chemical quality as well as changes in organoleptic traits were study in raw Cat fish fillets (Clarias gariepinus), pan-fried fillets in sun flower oil for 4 minutes and reheated fried cat fish fillets (in conventional oven for 15 min. at 80℃) after storage for one week at 5±1℃ and for one month at 20±2℃. after frying of cat fish fillets the moisture, Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA),Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA),Total Volatile Basis Nitrogen (TVBN) and Trymethylamin Nitrogen (TMAN) were reduced while, protein, fat, ash, polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) Thiobarbeturic Acid (TBA) and Peroxide Value (PV) were increased due to chilling and frozen storage of fried catfish fillets, the gross chemical composition showed no significant changes ( p˃ 0.05), whereas slow increase in SFA and slow decrease in (MUFA) and ( PUFA) was found all chemical quality (TVBN,TMAN,TBA, and PV) of Cat fish fillet fried and stored at 5±1 ℃ and -20±2℃ were higher ( p˃0.05), as compared with the samples after frying directly. Organoleptic evolution scores of colour, taste, flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability were highest for samples after fried directly while it showed significant decrease (p˃0.05) after storage at 5±1℃ and at -20±2℃ for one month respectively.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Cat fish"
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Sinha, Asha. „Study of immune system and responses in an air breathing cat fish : Clarias batrachus“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/988.
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GONZAGA, M. V. M. „Rendimento de carcaça em diferentes tempos de depuração e aspectos sanitários em tilápia do Nilo e cat fish“. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7754.
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Previous issue date: 2015-07-31A Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromisniloticus) e o Catfish (Ictaluruspunctatus) são dois dos peixes mais consumidos no Brasil. Devido a este fato, as pisciculturas ou empresas ligadas diretamente aos produtos derivados do pescado, se empenham em conseguir valores de rendimentos de carcaça e filé que seja lucrativo. Entretanto tal empenho não adianta de nada, se o produto tambémnão respeitar padrões e regras para o processamento de forma sanitária adequada. Com isto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre rendimento de carcaça e filé de Tilápia e Catfish em relação ao tempo de depuração, analisando também a composição bromatológica e microbiológica do filé. Foram utilizados 60 peixes de cada espécie, coletados ao acaso (com massa média de 0,536 ± 0,066 Kg para Tilápia e 0,88 ± 0,13 Kg para Catfish), pertencentes ao Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo Campus de Alegre. Tais animais foram alocados em um tanque por espécie e mantidos em depuração por 0, 24, 48 e 72 horas para abate. Foi realizado biometria inicial, verificando massa, largura do corpo, massa do corpo eviscerado, massa da carcaça limpa, massa do filé, massa da víscera, massa da nadadeira, massa de nadadeira adiposa (no Catfish), massa do fígado, massa da gordura visceral, massa da cabeça e massa da pele. Foram verificados padrões relacionados a rendimento de carcaça, índice viscerossomático, rendimento de nadadeiras, rendimento de nadadeira adiposa (no Catfish), índice hepatossomático, índice gordura viscerossomático, rendimento de carcaça sem cabeça, rendimento de pele, rendimento de carcaça limpa e rendimento de filé. Amostras do filé de cada espécie, após coletado, foram encaminhadas para análise bromatológica e microbiológica em laboratórios da mesma instituição. A análise microbiológica foi realizada em dois ambientes, um considerado próprio e outro impróprio para o abate. Houve diferença significativa na massa da víscera e rendimentos de filé, de carcaça com e sem cabeça e no índice viscerossomático na Tilápia em função do tempo de depuração. Em relação ao Catfish, o tempo de depuração interferiu significativamente em sua massa do filé, largura do corpo e rendimento de carcaça e de nadadeira adiposa. Apesar disso o percentual do rendimento do filé e carcaça se mantiveram altos em ambos os peixes. Na análise bromatologia, houve redução nos níveis de extrato não nitrogenado na Tilápia e extrato etéreo em ambas espécies. Com relação à análise microbiológica, foi notada influência dos tratamentos para o processamento do pescado em relação à presença ou não de Salmonellasp e Staphylococcus aureus, isto é, no ambiente em que não se teve cuidado com a higienedo local de abate e dos manipuladores houve maior contaminação dos microorganismos citados, fato que não ocorreu quando aumentou se o cuidado sanitário para o processamento dos produtos. Conclui se que o tempo de depuração influencia em características físico-químicas do filé e do rendimento de carcaça em ambas as espécies. Percebe-se também que as condições do ambiente de abate e manipulação do pescado influenciam sobre a carga microbiológica presente no produto final.
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Ladrick, Alice. „Isotope“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1345326739.
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Chong, Samuel Siong Chuan. „Evaluation of a fish gene transfer system : expression, fate, and germline transmission of CAT recombinant plasmid and phage sequences microinjected into newly fertilized eggs of the Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes (Temminck & Schlegel)“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27407.
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The creation of 'transgenic' animals has provided insights into mechanisms of gene regulation, as well as opened up a new avenue for genetic improvement of livestock, including fish.
In this thesis, the suitability of the Japanese ricefield fish or 'medaka' (Oryzias latipes) as a gene expression system was evaluated. The procaryotic chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene regulated by a double eucaryotic promoter-enhancer region was chosen as a reporter. This reporter was introduced as either a supercoiled or linear recombinant plasmid (pUSVCAT), as a phage, or as purified phage DNA. DNA or phage was microinjected into the cytoplasm of newly fertilized medaka eggs at the 1-2 cell stage. Expression and fate of the injected DNA or phage were monitored by harvesting medaka at various developmental stages and performing CAT enzyme assays and Southern blot analyses, respectively. Several injected eggs were allowed to develop to sexual maturity, and their offspring were pooled and tested by CAT enzyme assay for inheritance of the CAT sequences.
The patterns of expression of injected supercoiled and linear pUSVCAT DNA were very similar, indicating that DNA conformation does not affect the efficiency of expression. CAT enzyme activity was detectible from the early high blastula stage (4 hr post-injection), was strongest at the late gastrula/early neurula stage (1 day post-injection), and was sustained but slightly weaker in the one-week old embryo. Expression was significantly reduced in hatchlings (2 weeks post-injection), varying noticeably among the individuals analysed. CAT expression was still detectible in free-swimming fish (4 weeks post-injection). Recombinant CAT phage particles or purified CAT phage DNA were also able to express the CAT gene up to the free-swimming fish stage. However, in these treatments, the strongest CAT expression was seen in the one-week old embryo instead of in the gastrula/neurula, raising the possibility of a role played by different vector sequences on gene expression.
Studies on the fate of injected supercoiled and linear pUSVCAT revealed conversion of the input forms to high molecular weight head-to-tail and randomly oriented concatemers respectively. Total plasmid DNA increased rapidly during cleavage and gastrulation, indicative of plasmid replication, whereas degradation of plasmid sequences was observed by the early high blastula stage. In the gastrula/neurula derived from injection of supercoiled pUSVCAT, total plasmid DNA increased ten-fold, whereas injection of linear pUSVCAT resulted in a 12-fold increase at the same stage. In both cases, most of the observed increase was contributed by the high molecular weight concatemers. The amount of plasmid DNA decreased after the gastrula/neurula stage, and this DNA was exclusively of the high molecular weight form at hatching and could persist to the free-swimming stage.
Neither the DNA from injected CAT phage particles nor the injected purified CAT phage DNA appeared to be concatenated during early embryogenesis. In both cases, however, the phage DNA appeared as higher molecular weight DNA by the one-week old embryonic stage, probably formed by covalent end-to-end ligations. DNA of CAT phage particles did not increase until after the early high blastula stage, but by the flat blastula stage (10 hr post-injection) a three-fold increase over the input amount was observed. There was no significant increase at the gastrula/neurula stage, nor was there an immediate decrease thereafter. Injected purified CAT phage DNA increased through the stages of cleavage and gastrulation, the gastrula/neurula having seven-fold more CAT phage DNA than that injected, and decreased thereafter. Both DNA of injected phage particles and injected phage DNA could persist to the free-swimming stage. CAT gene expression was detected in a number of pooled offspring from several DNA and phage-treated fish, indicating inheritance of the input sequences. The data in this study suggest that the germline-positive parents are probably mosaic for the presence of the CAT sequences, and that germline transmission is possible with plasmid DNA of both conformations, DNA-carrying phage particles, or purified phage DNA.
The above results, coupled with the ease of handling and manipulation of the medaka embryo, strongly favour the use of the medaka as a transient expression and transgenic animal model.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Pennock, Casey A. „Fragmentation and fish passage: can fishways mitigate discontinuities in Great Plains fish communities?“ Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34557.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Biology
Keith B. Gido
Fishways are a common tool for mitigating the effects of habitat fragmentation on fish communities, but their utility in low-gradient, sand-bed rivers of the Great Plains is not well studied. The Lincoln Street Fishway on the Arkansas River became operational in 2015 and was built specifically to pass small-bodied threatened fishes. We used a combination of surveys up-and downstream of the barrier and tagging experiments to test the ability of fishes to move into and through the fishway. Differences in fish community structure up- and downstream of the dam were more pronounced prior to the construction and operation of the fishway. In particular, Emerald Shiner Notropis atherinoides was absent from collections upstream of the dam before fishway construction, but commonly collected upstream in 2015 and 2016 surveys. Surveys within the fishway structure revealed 29 species, or 74% of the total species captured during our study were using the fishway. To further quantify fishway passage, we used a VIE experiment to assess if fish marked downstream of the fishway moved into or upstream of the fishway. Although we did not recapture marked fish upstream of the fishway, some marked individuals moved into the fishway. Finally, we conducted a PIT tag experiment to evaluate short distance movements within the fishway for three species of small-bodied minnow and were able to document upstream movement across a gradient of flows through the fishway. Results from our study illustrate the potential for fishways to mitigate the effects of habitat fragmentation on small-bodied fishes in sand-bed rivers.
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Vaz, Marcela Carraro de Melo. „Thiocyanate excretion can reveal cyanide caught fish“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8326.
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Mestrado em Biologia MarinhaA pesca com cianeto (CN-) e uma técnica destrutiva utilizada na colheita de peixes vivos de recifes de coral. Estes organismos apresentam elevado valor económico e são destinados tanto para o consumo humano como para o abastecimento da indústria mundial de aquários marinhos. Diversas são as tecnicas capazes de detectar a presenca do cianeto (CN-) em peixes, contudo ainda não há um consenso entre a comunidade científica e os comerciantes sobre qual destas técnicas será a mais eficaz, uma vez que as mais utilizadas ainda são de caráter invasivo. Neste trabalho foi utilizada uma técnica não invasiva e não destrutiva, e mais eficiente, no que diz respeito ao tempo de análise, onde através do uso da fibra óptica (FO) podem ser detectados peixes contaminados com cianeto num tempo médio < 6 min. por meio da excrecão de tiocianato (SCN-). Produto de excreção do (CN-), esse metabolito permite a desintoxicação dos peixes marinhos expostos ao contaminante pelas vias urinárias e os níveis anormais de SCN- presentes na agua marinha indicarão se os exemplares foram ou não expostos ao envenenamento por CN-. A metodologia (FO) foi capaz de detectar níveis ainda que residuais de SCN(> 3; 16mgL - 1) na agua marinha e os níveis base para os organismos não contaminados foram utilizados como referência para classi ficação de presença ou ausência de contaminação. Nesse estudo exemplares de Amphiprion clarkii cultivados em cativeiro foram expostos a um pulso de solução de CN- durante 60 s para as concentrações de 12,5e25, 0mgL - 1 e os resultados obtidos para o CN- excretado, pós-exposição ao longo de 28 dias, foram de até 6,96 ± 0,03 e 9,84 ± 0,03mgL - 1 de SCN- (respectivamente). Apesar da necessidade de mais investigação para diminuir a ocorrência de falsos negativos e positivos, a metodologia testada permite uma rápida detecção do SCN- sem o sacrifício dos espécimes analisados.
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Mello, Lucas Rosolen de Almeida. „MECANISMOS ENVOLVIDOS NA ORIGEM DOS CROMOSSOMOS SEXUAIS GIGANTES NO GENERO OMOPHOITA (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE)“. Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2015. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2378.
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A ordem Coleoptera é a mais diversificada entre todos os seres vivos, existindo ampla possibilidades de estudos no que diz respeito à diversidade cariotípica e aos mecanismos de diferenciação. As espécies da subtribo Oedionychina (Alticinae; Chrysomelidae) são interessantes para estudos evolutivos, pois possuem cromossomos sexuais gigantes e assinápticos durante a meiose, podendo ser considerados altamente derivados. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi propor os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos no processo de diferenciação e evolução dos cromossomos sexuais em espécies do gênero Omophoita. A análise de mapeamento, utilizando sondas de DNA C0t-1 total (cinética de reassociação de DNA altamente e moderadamente repetitivo) mostrou marcações distribuídas em todos os cromossomos, especialmente nos cromossomos sexuais. A hibridação cruzada entre as espécies produziu um padrão de localização muito semelhante, evidenciando que a maior parte do genoma é compartilhada entre as espécies de Omophoita. Análise em conjunto dos resultados obtidos com bandas C, fluorocromos e C0t-1 mostram que a heterocromatina das espécies em grande parte é composta de DNA repetitivo distribuída ao longo dos cromossomos sexuais e autossomos. O mapeamento cromossômico com sondas de microssatélites (SSRs) mostrou marcações conservadas para os autossomos e diversificadas para os cromossomos sexuais, evidenciando uma diferença de composição de SSRs dos cromossomos sexuais entre as espécies. Os resultados de hibridação com clones de elementos de transposição mostraram alguns padrões semelhantes aos obtidos com SSRs, podendo indicar que ao longo do processo evolutivo das espécies esses elementos estiveram presentes no processo de diferenciação. Considerando todos os resultados, pode se propor uma diferença de constituição nos cromossomos sexuais das espécies e, desta forma, inferir que os DNAs repetitivos tiveram um papel evolutivo na diferenciação desses cromossomos na subtribo.
The order Coleoptera is the most diverse of all living beings, with a wide possibilities of studies with regards to the karyotype diversity and the mechanisms of differentiation. The species of the subtribe Oedionychina (Alticinae; Chrysomelidae) are interesting for evolutionary studies due to the giant sex chromosomes and asynaptic during meiosis, can be considered highly derivate. The objective of this study was to propose the molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation process and evolution of sex chromosomes in the Omophoita genus. The Mapping analysis using DNA C0t-1 total (reassociation kinetics highly and moderately repetitive DNA) showed marks distributed in all chromosomes, especially in the sex chromosomes. The cross-hybridization among species produced a very similar location pattern, indicating that most of the genome is shared among species Omophoita. Analysis of the results obtained in conjunct with C-bands, fluorochromes and C0t-1 together show that the heterochromatin of the species is largely composed of repetitive DNA distributed throughout the autosomes and sex chromosomes. Chromosome mapping with microsatellite (SSRs) probes showed conserved patterns for autosomes, but diversified to sex chromosomes, showing difference in SSRs composition in the sex chromosomes, of the species. The results of hybridization with transposition element clones showed some similarities patterns to the SSRs markers, which may indicate that throughout the evolutive process of species these elements were present. Considering all results we can propose differences in the constitution of sex chromosomes of the species studied, thus, we can infer an evolutionary role of repetitive DNA in the differentiation of chromosomes in the subtribe.
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Gulameabasse, Ikbal. „Un cas méditerranéen de fish-eye-disease "maladie des yeux de poissons"“. Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25184.
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Country, Michael. „Ca2+ Dynamics in Retinal Horizontal Cells of Teleost Fish: Ca2+-Based Action Potentials and Tolerance to Hypoxia“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41131.
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Horizontal cells (HCs) are retinal interneurons which provide feedback to photoreceptors to produce visual contrast. They are depolarized by glutamate released from photoreceptors, leading to a constant influx of Ca2+ which would be fatal to most neurons. In addition, HCs present spontaneous Ca2+-based action potentials, which are poorly understood and whose function is unknown. Given these unique Ca2+ dynamics, the present thesis sought to define action potentials (APs) and mechanisms of Ca2+ homeostasis in HCs. APs were observed in isolated goldfish HCs with electrophysiology, Ca2+ imaging, and voltage-sensitive dye imaging. Pharmacological inhibition of ion channels suggests APs required extracellular Ca2+ entry via L-type Ca2+ channels, followed by Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from ryanodine receptors. Next, we developed a novel system to classify all four HC subtypes in vitro, and validated it with immunocytochemistry for a subtype-specific biomarker. All subtypes presented APs, although frequency and duration varied by subtype. APs were also found in HCs of tissue slices prepared from whole retina, where similar trends were found between subtype, frequency, and duration. This highlights subtype-specific differences in Ca2+ dynamics. Lastly, [Ca2+]i was monitored throughout hypoxia in HCs of the hypoxia-tolerant goldfish and the hypoxia-sensitive rainbow trout. In Ca2+ imaging experiments, hypoxia destabilized [Ca2+]i in HCs of trout; but in goldfish, HCs were resistant to the effects of hypoxia. However, when mitochondrial ATP-dependent K+ (mKATP) channels were inhibited, goldfish HCs lost the ability to maintain [Ca2+]i homeostasis during hypoxia. By contrast, in trout HCs, opening of mKATP stabilized [Ca2+]i during hypoxia. Furthermore, in goldfish, hypoxia protected against increases in [Ca2+]i caused by inhibiting glycolysis, showing that hypoxia is not just tolerated, but is actively protective in goldfish HCs. The present thesis includes the first comprehensive description of spontaneous Ca2+-based APs in HCs, and introduces the first cellular model of intrinsic hypoxic neuroprotection in the vertebrate retina.
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Hitchman, Sean M. „A mosaic approach can advance the understanding and conservation of native biodiversity in natural and fragmented riverscapes“. Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38559.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDivision of Biology
Martha E. Mather
Understanding the complex relationship between organismal distribution and spatial heterogeneity is central to many ecological questions. This challenge of identifying the biodiversity consequences of spatial patterns is especially critical for resource conservation at the larger riverscape scale because climate- and human-related impacts often act through intricate and spatially-connected organismal-habitat relationships. Specifically, resource managers cannot manage the adverse effects of common disturbances on aquatic ecosystems (e.g. water-withdrawal, dams, urbanization) if the influence of spatial heterogeneity is not recognized and understood. Towards this larger goal, I examined the role of spatial heterogeneity on stream fish biodiversity in the Upper Neosho River, KS in three ways. First, I used a mosaic approach (in which connected, interacting collections of juxtaposed habitat patches were examined) to build the scientific foundation for a general model that aids in the understanding and environmental management of disturbance-related, ecologically-based conservation problems. Second, I examined landscape metrics to quantify the impact of low-head dams on stream habitat and fish diversity. Third, I evaluated multiple quantitative approaches to develop a fuller understanding of how the arrangement of habitats across the riverscape influenced stream fish biodiversity. Related to these questions, the dissertation research provided four key take-home messages that advanced science-based conservation related to stream fish habitat and biodiversity. First, mapping larger-scale patterns of heterogeneity showed that quantitatively-different, physically-distinct pool, riffle, run, and glide habitats were arranged in unique combinations created diverse habitat mosaics across sites. Second, riffles, which comprised < 5% of all habitat patches, acted as keystone habitats that disproportionately increased fish biodiversity (i.e., species richness was significantly higher in mosaics with higher numbers of riffles). Third, mosaic approach metrics provided new insights into the influence of low-head dams on stream fish biodiversity that were not detected with traditional approaches to habitat sampling and statistical analysis. For example, low-head dams dampened the natural habitat diversity that is needed for the maintenance of resilient communities. Furthermore, using path analysis, I found that species richness was higher immediately below low-head dams as mediated through an increase in the proportion of riffle habitat, but this higher species richness was offset by a greater decrease in species richness in the impoundment habitat above low-head dams. Thus, the choice of scale influenced the interpretation of how dams affected habitat heterogeneity and resultant organismal patterns. Finally, landscape approaches to examining compositional and configurational heterogeneity provided new insights about stream fish habitat-biodiversity relationships. For example, riffle patch density had a positive effect on species richness, species richness was higher within shallow, slow flowing riffles, and adjacent neighbor habitats affected riffle species richness as mediated through alterations to within-habitat characteristics. In summary, quantifying the complex patterns of spatial heterogeneity in a range of ways can aid in the understanding of habitat-biodiversity patterns and help conserve stream fishes at a variety of scales.
Bücher zum Thema "Cat fish"
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Newton, Jill. Cat fish. London: ABC, 1992.
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Cat-fish. New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books, 1992.
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Donovan, Gail. Scaredy-cat fish. New York: Night Sky Books, 2002.
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Cat + fish = catfish. Edina, Minn: Abdo Pub., 2004.
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The fish and the cat. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2018.
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illustrator, Lee Declan, Hrsg. The fish and the cat. [Vernon Hills, Ill.]: ETA/Cuisenaire, 2002.
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United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Detroit District. Cat Islands, Green Bay Harbor, Wisconsin. Detroit, USA: US Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District, 1999.
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Thornton, H. Wayne. A Cat Named Fish and a Fish Named Cat. Bing Books, Sherman, Texas, 2006.
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(Illustrator), Neil Curtis, Hrsg. Cat and Fish. Simply Read Books, 2005.
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(Illustrator), Neil Curtis, Hrsg. Cat and Fish. Lothian Books an imprint of Hachette Livre Australia, 2004.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Cat fish"
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Sneddon, Lynne U. „Can Fish Experience Pain?“ In Animal Welfare, 229–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41675-1_10.
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Moran, P. „Can seaming“. In The Canning of Fish and Meat, 159–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2113-6_7.
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Moran, P. „Can seaming“. In The Canning of Fish and Meat, 159–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2802-9_7.
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Sun, Xiaoling, und Meiqin Wang. „Differential Cryptanalysis of Blow-CAST-Fish“. In Technological Developments in Networking, Education and Automation, 523–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9151-2_91.
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Festa‐Bianchet, Marco, und Robert Arlinghaus. „How Regulations Can Affect the Evolutionary Impacts of Recreational Harvests on Fish and Mammals“. In Harvest of Fish and Wildlife, 179–88. Names: Pope, Kevin L., 1969- editor. | Powell, Larkin A., editor. Title: Harvest of fish and wildlife : new paradigms for sustainable management / Kevin L. Pope, Larkin A. Powell. Description: First edition. | Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003009054-12-17.
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Figueredo-Martín, Tamara, und Fabián Pina-Amargós. „Fish Can Be more Valuable Alive than Dead“. In Coral Reefs of Cuba, 429–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36719-9_23.
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Geiger, Franz, Peter Rutschmann und Ulli Stoltz. „Measures to Improve Fish Passage Through a Turbine“. In Novel Developments for Sustainable Hydropower, 117–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99138-8_10.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the topic of measures to improve the fish passage through a turbine. Based on applications at the bulb units of the FIThydro Testcases of Guma, Bannwil and Obernach cost efficient and simple to apply measures are analysed. In the following two methods are presented. Applying a numerical analysis of the downstream fish passage typical physical stressor variables as strike, shear and barotrauma can be identified and correlated to the biological impact on the fish. In the FIThydro project, Voith applied the method to a wide range of operating conditions to derive fish-passage hill-charts. These allow a judgment of the physical impact on fish, dependent on the operating condition of the turbine. The studies at the Obernach lab performed by the team of the Technical University of Munich, show another method to improve fish survival rates by influencing fish pathways through the turbine. These promising results can be used for the Induced Drift Application (IDA), which are described in detail.
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Loy, Georg, und Walter Reckendorfer. „Creation and Use of “Compensation” Habitats—An Integrated Approach“. In Novel Developments for Sustainable Hydropower, 157–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99138-8_14.
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AbstractThe implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) is a major challenge on large rivers. The current focus in applied fisheries science and in the implementation of the WFD is on fish passage and especially on hydraulic design parameters of fishways. This shifts attention from other important issues that must be addressed to reach the goals of the WFD. We believe that the requirements formulated in the WFD cannot be achieved by measures to improve fish passage alone. To achieve the objectives the improvement of habitat conditions, especially key habitat types such as permanently connected side arms, which provide spawning grounds and nurseries for rheophilic fish is required. We present an integrated approach which goes beyond upstream connectivity and prioritizes the creation and connection of habitats before the implementation of pure fish passage. The approach is based on a concept to compensate for the lack in gravel transportation and its function for the lithophilous fish community. The main ecological functions of gravel for fish such as providing spawning grounds and nurseries can be provided in connected and restructured tributaries, at shores with removed bank protection and in newly created bypass rivers.
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„Glow, Little Fish, Glow!“ In Who Cloned My Cat?, 19. Pan Stanford Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11124-11.
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Harré, Rom. „Detecting: Hyenas, Frogs, Zebra Fish, and Assorted Farm Animals“. In Pavlov’s Dogs and Schro¨dinger’s Cat, 20–56. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199238569.003.0002.
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Abstract In this chapter we turn to the use of animals, birds, and plants, and their parts and extracts as instruments for detecting the presence of specific materials such as noxious gases, scientifically important states of the local environment such as electric charges as the intangible sources of electrical phenomena, and many other significant aspects of the natural world. We cannot perceive electric Welds by their effects on our senses, perhaps a mild tingling at best, but we can create instruments that are visibly affected by them. Instruments can also be used to scrutinize the observable properties of things more closely than the human senses. A human being can detect the presence of acids, alkalis, and other distinctive substances in solutions by taste or smell.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Cat fish"
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McLetchie, K. M. W. „Drag reduction of an elastic fish model“. In Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2003.178373.
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Churnside, J. H. „Lidar detection of fish schools“. In IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.1998.702236.
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BAGLEY, PM, und IG PRIEDE. „INVESTIGATIONS OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF DEEP-SEA FISH USING AN INGESTIBLE CODE ACTIVATED TRANSPONDER (CAT) FISH TAG OPERATING AT ABYSSAL DEPTHS“. In Underwater Acoustic Communication 1993. Institute of Acoustics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/20692.
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Yi, Lingzhi, Bin Luo, Chenlu Zhu, Xianjun Deng, Yunzhi Xia und Hengshan Wu. „Hybrid Cat-Artificial Fish Swarm Based Node Deployment Optimization in Intelligent Transportation IoT“. In 2022 IEEE Smartworld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Scalable Computing & Communications, Digital Twin, Privacy Computing, Metaverse, Autonomous & Trusted Vehicles (SmartWorld/UIC/ScalCom/DigitalTwin/PriComp/Meta). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartworld-uic-atc-scalcom-digitaltwin-pricomp-metaverse56740.2022.00297.
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Mortazavi Tabrizi, Seyyed Javid, Aliakbar Barmaki und Hamid Mirzaii. „Study of Lactobacillus in Cat fish (Silurus glanis) Intestine in Aras River by PCR“. In Annual International Conference on Advances in Biotechnology. Global Science and Technology Forum (GSTF), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-2489_bicb11.
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Amri, Indah Amalia, Riski Arya Pradikta, Sri Murwani und Dahliatul Qosimah. „Virgin Coconut And Fish Oil (VCFO) for Treatment of Fungal Cat Infection In Malang“. In 1st International Conference in One Health (ICOH 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icoh-17.2018.58.
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Dogadova, O. V., Yu A. Mitrofanov und V. A. Kochetova. „The variability in the features in some wild and fish hatchery populations of Pacific salmon“. In Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2003.178080.
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van Aggelen, G. C., M. Linssen und R. Endris. „Toxicity of emamectin benzoate in commercial fish feed to adults of the spot prawn and dungeness crab“. In Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2003.178020.
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Wickramaratne, I. U. „Reproductive Biology of Vermiculated Sail Fin Cat Fish Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus in Victoria & Kalaweva Reservoirs in Sri Lanka“. In International Conference on Fisheries and Aquaculture. The International Institute of Knowledge Management - TIIKM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/23861282.2018.4101.
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Pratiwi, Prima Aulia, Fitra Humala Harahap und Setiadi. „Application of microbial transglutaminase enzyme for meat processing of cat fish (Clarias batrachus) by protein cross-linking coagulation“. In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRENDS IN MATERIAL SCIENCE AND INVENTIVE MATERIALS: ICTMIM 2020. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0014776.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Cat fish"
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Liss, Stephanie, Katherine Znotinas, Shannon Blackburn, Eric Fischer, Huidong Li, James Hughes und Zhiqun Deng. Tagging a smaller size class of fish: can it be done? Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1983949.
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Harpaz, Sheenan, Steven G. Hughes und Pinhas Lindner. Optimization of Diet for Post Larvel/Juvenile Sea Bass and Hybrid Stripped Bass Based on Enzymatic Profiles of their Digestive Tracts. United States Department of Agriculture, Dezember 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604924.bard.
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The overall goal of this research work was to identify the main proteolytic activities which take place in the digestive tracts of young bass fish, and use the knowledge acquired in order to improve feed protein utilization in juvenile fish based on their digestive capacity. The results of the work clearly showed that the young fish possess the entire profile of proteolytic enzymes which is found in adult fish. Yet, in the young fish the level of activity is substantially lower per gram tissue (or gram protein) as compared with the activity found in the digestive tracts of the same fish at an older (larger) age. In addition it was found that the main proteolytic enzyme in these fish is chymotrypsin which accounts for almost 80% of the proteolytic activity. An effort aimed at enhancing this activity has lead to the interesting finding that alcohol substantially enhances the proteolytic activity of fish intestines. Fish intestinal homogenates were used in order to evaluate the suitability of various feeds for the fish. Potential feed proteins were subjected to the proteolytic activity of the fish enzymes in vitro, in a manner simulating the natural process. The proteolytic activity was monitored by the valuation of the products, i.e. amino acid released. This method has proven to be a powerful tool which enables us to predict with a very high degree of accuracy the potential of a feed to promote growth. Selection of feed based on the proteolytic capacity of the fish degestive tracts can now be implemented in feed formulation, as anticipated in the original research proposal.
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Hoy, Michael D. Herons and Egrets. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7208742.ws.
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Herons and egrets commonly cause damage at aquaculture facilities and recreational fishing waters where fish are held at high densities. Fish-eating birds also can have an impact on intensively managed sport fisheries. Damage occurs when herons and egrets feed on fish purchased and released for recreational sport fishing activities. Values of these fish can be quite high given the intensity of management activities and the direct relationship of fishery quality to property value. Herons and egrets are freshwater or coastal birds of the family Ardeidae. Herons and egrets discussed in this section are all piscivorous. They are opportunistic feeders, however, and will consume small amphibians, insects, and reptiles. Due to these food preferences, herons and egrets are attracted to shallow lakes and human-made impoundments. Native bird species are covered under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) and given federal protection. Depredation permits can be obtained through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In addition, individual states may require their own permits for legal take of these bird species.
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Wibawa, Tasha. Overfishing is depleting global fish stocks: Here’s what we can do about it. Monash University, Dezember 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/67e8-5fdf.
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Vakharia, Vikram, Shoshana Arad, Yonathan Zohar, Yacob Weinstein, Shamila Yusuff und Arun Ammayappan. Development of Fish Edible Vaccines on the Yeast and Redmicroalgae Platforms. United States Department of Agriculture, Februar 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699839.bard.
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Betanodaviruses are causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a devastating disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. Betanodavirus (BTN) genome is composed of two single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecules. The larger genomic segment, RNA1 (3.1 kb), encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while the smaller genomic segment, RNA 2 (1.4kb), encodes the coat protein. This structural protein is the host-protective antigen of VNN which assembles to form virus-like particles (VLPs). BTNs are classified into four genotypes, designated red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV), tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (TPNNV), and striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), based on phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein sequences. RGNNV type is quite important as it has a broad host-range, infecting warm-water fish species. At present, there is no commercial vaccine available to prevent VNN in fish. The general goal of this research was to develop oral fish vaccines in yeast and red microalgae (Porphyridium sp.) against the RGNNV genotype. To achieve this, we planned to clone and sequence the coat protein gene of RGNNV, express the coat protein gene of RGNNV in yeast and red microalgae and evaluate the immune response in fish fed with recombinantVLPs antigens produced in yeast and algae. The collaboration between the Israeli group and the US group, having wide experience in red microalgae biochemistry, molecular genetics and large-scale cultivation, and the development of viral vaccines and eukaryotic protein expression systems, respectively, was synergistic to produce a vaccine for fish that would be cost-effective and efficacious against the betanodavirus infection.
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Mitchell, Brian G., Amir Neori, Charles Yarish, D. Allen Davis, Tzachi Samocha und Lior Guttman. The use of aquaculture effluents in spray culture for the production of high protein macroalgae for shrimp aqua-feeds. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597934.bard.
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The FAO has projected a doubling in world demand for seafood during the 21 ed from aquaculture of marine fish and shrimps fed primarily on fishmeal-based aquafeeds. However, current practices of high intensity monoculture of shrimp in coastal ponds and fish in offshore pens have been strongly criticized as being ecologically and socially unsustainable. This view derives from un- checked eutrophication of coastal marine ecosystems from fish farm effluents, and the destruction of coastal estuarine ecosystems by shrimp farm constructions, plus aquaculture’s reliance on wild-caught small fish - which are excellent food for humans, but instead are rendered into fishmeal and fish oil for formulating aquafeeds. Fishmeal-sparing and waste- reduction aquafeeds can only delay the time when fed aquaculture product are priced out of affordability for most consumers. Additionally, replacement of fishmeal protein and fish oil by terrestrial plant sources such as soybean meal and oil directly raises food costs for human communities in developing nations. New formulations incorporating sustainably-produced marine algal proteins and oils are growing in acceptance as viable and practical alternatives. This BARD collaborative research project investigated a sustainable water-sparing spray/drip culture method for producing high-protein marine macrophyte meals for incorporation into marine shrimp and fish diets. The spray culture work was conducted at laboratory-scale in the USA (UCSD-SIO) using selected Gracilariaand Ulvastrains isolated and supplied by UCONN, and outdoors at pilot-scale in Israel (IOLR-NCM) using local strains of Ulvasp., and nitrogen/phosphorus-enriched fish farm effluent to fertilize the spray cultures and produce seaweed biomass and meals containing up to 27% raw protein (dry weight content). Auburn University (USA) in consultation with TAMUS (USA) used the IOLR meals to formulate diets and conduct marine shrimp feeding trials, which resulted in mixed outcomes, indicating further work was needed to chemically identify and remove anti-nutritional elements present in the IOLR-produced seaweed meals.
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Dunham, Rex A., Boaz Moav, Thomas Chen und Benzion Cavari. Expression and Inheritance of Growth Hormone Gene Constructs and Selective Breeding of Transgenic Farmed Fish. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568774.bard.
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Objectives: To accomplish stable expression, inheritance of transgenes and growth improvement in transgenic channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and common carp, Cyprinus carpio, containing growth hormone (GH) genes, develop transgenic fish with all fish constructs, determine the relationships between copy number, expression and growth, determine the combined affect of selective breeding and gene transfer and assess environmental risk of transgenic fish. To develop mechanisms of triploidization for transgenic carp. Results: Performance of transgenic channel catfish was made uniform by selection. Growth of channel catfish and common carp was improved 40-50% more by combining gene transfer of GH genes with selection and crossbreeding than with either selection of crossbreeding. Growth improvement of transgenic catfish was not strongly correlated with copy number and expression levels. Progress was made in producting triploid transgenic common carp. Insertion of salmonid GH gene did not alter reproductive performance in channel catfish. Transgenic channel catfish grew no faster than controls when they had to forage on natural food and transgenic individuals were slightly more vulnerable to predation indicating that fitness of transgenic individuals in natural conditions is less than or equal to non-transgenic channel catfish. Contribution to Agriculture: These experiments are the first to demonstrate that transgenic fish can increase aquaculture production in the aquaculture production in the aquaculture environment. This research also demonstrated that maximum benefit of gene transfer in farmed fish is attained when combined with traditional selective breeding.
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Kotler, Moshe, Larry Hanson und Shane Burgess. Replication Defective Cyprinid Herpes Virus-3 (CyHV-3) as a Combined Prophylactic Vaccine in Carps. United States Department of Agriculture, Dezember 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697104.bard.
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Aquacultured koi and common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) are intensively bred as ornamental and food fish in many countries worldwide. Hatcheries of carp and koi have recently suffered massive financial damages due to two viral diseases caused by the Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3), previously designated as Carp Interstitial Nephritis and Gill Necrosis Virus (CNGV) and Koi herpesvirus (KHV), and by the Spring Viremia of Carp Virus (SVCV). CyHV-3 is a large dsDNA virus, which is infectious mostly to koi and common carp, while SVCV is a rhabdovirus with a relatively broad host range. Both viruses induce contagious disease with mortality rate up to 90%. Strategies for the control of viral infection in fish are of limited use. While efforts to prevent introduction of infectious agents into culture facilities are desirable, such exclusion strategies are far from fail-safe. Extensive vaccination methods that are useful for use in aquaculture facilities produce weak immunity, when used with proteins or inactivated viruses. Methods to overcome this obstacle are to vaccinate the fish with large amounts of antigen and/or use adjuvant and immune modulators over a long period. These techniques usually require individual handling of the fish. On the other hand, live attenuated virus is efficient and economical when used as an immersionvaccine. However, this technique poses certain environmental risks and thus may be difficult to license and scale up. Another option is a vaccine based on the replication defective virus (RDV) (pseudovirus), which can infect cells, but is unable to produce infectious particles. This vaccine may circumvent many of the problems related to attenuated-live vaccine (e.g., inadvertent infection and reversion to the virulent strain).
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Bartolino, Valerio, Birgit Koehler und Lena Bergström, Hrsg. Climate effects on fish in Sweden : Species-Climate Information Sheets for 32 key taxa in marine and coastal waters. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4lmlt1tq5j.
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The purpose of this publication is to summarize the state of knowledge on the effects of environmental variability and climate change for individual species and stocks based on literature review, giving species-climate information for 32 key taxa in Swedish marine and coastal waters. The report is written in English. The extent and scale of recent changes in climate due to global warming is unprecedented and causes increasing effects on ecosystems. In oceans, ongoing warming leads to, for example, increased water temperatures, decreased ice cover and effects on hydrology and water circulation patterns that can in turn influence salinity. The environmental alterations affect species distribution, biology, and hence also the delivery of marine ecosystem services and human well-being. The results of this review on the effects of environmental variability and climate change on marine taxa are presented as species-climate information sheets designed in a user-friendly format aimed to enhance accessibility for professionals spanning different fields and roles, including e.g. scientific experts, NGOs affiliates and managers. The species-climate information sheets presented here cover 32 key taxa selected among the economically and ecologically most important coastal and marine fish and crustacean species in Swedish waters. The species-wise evaluations show that climate change leads to a wide range of effects on fish, reflecting variations in their biology and physiological tolerances. The review also highlights important data and knowledge gaps for each species and life stage. Despite the high variability and prevailing uncertainties, some general patterns appeared. On a general level, most fish species in Swedish marine and coastal waters are not expected to benefit from climate change, and many risks are identified to their potential for recruitment, growth and development. Boreal, marine and cold-adapted species would be disadvantaged at Swedish latitudes. However, fish of freshwater origin adapted to warmer temperature regimes could benefit to some extent in the Baltic Sea under a warming climate. Freshwater fish could also be benefitted under further decreasing salinity in the surface water in the Baltic Sea. The resulting effects on species will not only depend on the physiological responses, but also on how the feeding conditions for fish, prey availability, the quality of essential fish habitats and many other factors will develop. A wide range of ecological factors decisive for the development of fish communities are also affected by climate change but have not been explored here, where we focused on the direct effects of warming. The sensitivity and resilience of the fish species to climate change will also depend on their present and future health and biological status. Populations exposed to prolonged and intense fishing exploitation, or affected by environmental deterioration will most likely have a lower capacity to cope with climate change effects over time. For both the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, it is important to ensure continued work to update and improve the species-climate information sheets as results from new research become available. It can also be expected that new important and relevant biological information and improved climate scenarios will emerge continuously. Continued work is therefore important to update and refine the species-climate information sheets, help filling in currently identified knowledge gaps, and extend to other species not included here. Moreover, there is need to integrate this type of species-level information into analyses of the effects of climate change at the level of communities and ecosystems to support timely mitigation and adaptation responses to the challenges of the climate change.
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Pearson, Karen, Svetlozara Chobanova und Erica Kintz. The risk to vulnerable consumers from Listeria monocytogenes in ready to eat smoked fish. Food Standards Scotland, Juli 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.qel826.
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Infection with the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes can cause serious illness in people who are more vulnerable to infection, and hospitalisation and death can occur in serious cases. There are several factors that make people more vulnerable to infection with this bacteria, such as: pregnancy (where infection may lead to miscarriage or illness in newly born babies) ageing (as the immune system weakens with age, older adults - usually defined as those who are aged 65 and over - can be more susceptible to listeriosis compared with the general population) people who are considered immunocompromised due to a medical condition or treatment Certain ready-to-eat foods (foods that are not expected to undergo cooking) can allow the survival and growth of Listeria monocytogenes. Ready-to-eat smoked fish (such as smoked salmon and trout) is recognised as one of these foods. This risk assessment was requested to provide evidence to support a review of the advice for vulnerable consumers on the risk of eating ready-to-eat smoked fish.