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Edoh, Ngozi L., Joseph Ukpabi und John O. Igoli. „Effect of Scopoletin and Carotenoids on Postharvest Physiological Deterioration (PPD) of Transgenic High Beta Carotene Cassava“. Journal of Food Research 10, Nr. 4 (11.07.2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v10n4p9.
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Cassava tubers suffer from postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) which normally sets in within 72 hours of harvest. This study examines the role of scopoletin and carotenoids in the onset or delay in PPD in two transgenic varieties EC20-7 and EC20-8 compared to a wild variety TME-7. Scopoletin and carotenoids were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The scopoletin content (0.10 – 0.20 nmol/g) in the fresh varieties was not significantly (P>0.05) different from the amount in stored cassava roots (12.58 – 14.90 nmol/g). The carotenoid content values in EC20-7 variety were 6.66 µg/g (α-carotene), 80.45 µg/g (β-carotene) and 5.98 µg/g (lutein). As for EC20-8, α-carotene, β-carotene and lutein values were 6.19 µg/g, 69.11 µg/g and 3.12 µg/g, respectively. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference between the varieties in α-carotene content but in their lutein content. The results indicate that carotenoids are more relevant in the delay of PPD and scopoletin content is not a major factor in PPD vascular streaking or discolouration. Hence scopoletin content of cassava varieties may not be considered as a chemical marker for determining the potential of PPD in cassava tubers.
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Ntanios, Fady Y., und Guus S. M. J. E. Duchateau. „A healthy Diet rich in Carotenoids is effective in Maintaining normal Blood Carotenoid Levels during the Daily use of Plant Sterol-enriched Spreads“. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 72, Nr. 1 (01.01.2002): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.72.1.32.
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Blood cholesterol levels are affected by diet and in particular by the type and amount of fat intake. In recent years, vegetable oil spreads containing plant sterols/stanols (as their fatty acid esters) have been developed. Numerous clinical trials on spreads with added plant sterols/stanols have shown that they have much greater cholesterol-lowering properties than conventional vegetable oil spreads. Plant sterols decrease both dietary and biliary cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, with a consequential increase in excretion of cholesterol. It is also recognized that plant sterol/stanol-enriched, cholesterol-lowering spreads, if consumed regularly, may induce a 10–20% decrease in plasma carotenoids, adjusted for changes in plasma lipids. A 10–20% decrease in plasma carotenoids falls well within the seasonal variation observed in individuals. Our current understanding of the physiological functions of carotenoids does not indicate any health risk associated with the slight decrease in their blood levels due to the intake of plant sterol/stanol. The questions that have been raised, though, are how plant sterols/stanols affect plasma carotenoid levels, and in addition, what quantity of fruits and vegetables (the richest dietary sources of carotenoids) would have to be consumed to improve plasma carotenoid levels? The current mini-review covers the cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols, their mechanisms of action and effect on blood carotenoids, and concludes with the potential heath benefits of daily intake of plant sterol-enriched spreads.
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Kowalczyk, Katarzyna, Leszek Sieczko, Wojciech Borucki, Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska, Małgorzata Mirgos, Monika Niedzińska, Magdalena Bederska-Błaszczyk, Waldemar Kowalczyk, Anna Geszprych und Janina Gajc-Wolska. „The Effect of LED and HPS Assimilation Lighting on Leaf Anatomy, Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Autofluorescence Signals, and Some Physiological and Chemical Leaf Traits Related to the Productivity of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in High-Wire Cultivation“. Agronomy 12, Nr. 9 (25.08.2022): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092004.
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Supplemental lighting with light-emitting diode (LED) lamps and/or high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps was applied to increase the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and thus productivity of greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in a high-wire growing system. The colocalisation of the chlorophyll of PSII (located mainly in grana) and carotenoid fluorescence signals in chloroplasts of cucumber leaves was studied under confocal microscopy. Leaf anatomy and some chemical quality traits (dry matter, chlorophyll, carotenoids, total soluble solids, total sugars and nitrate reductase activity) as well as selected chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were also investigated and subjected to the multidimensional principal component analysis together with the data on fruit yield. Under LED lighting, a lower correlation between the occurrence of chlorophyll and carotenoid fluorescence signals was observed, especially in older (lower-located) leaves, which may have resulted from changes in the distribution of carotenoids within chloroplasts and/or relative concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoids. Compared to toplighting with HPS lamps, most commonly used in commercial greenhouse cucumber production, the application of LED interlighting, especially in combination with LED toplighting, led to the increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid content and photosynthetic performance index in older leaves, which was related to the increased cucumber productivity.
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Reboul, Emmanuelle, Sinay Thap, Franck Tourniaire, Marc André, Christine Juhel, Sophie Morange, Marie-Josèphe Amiot, Denis Lairon und Patrick Borel. „Differential effect of dietary antioxidant classes (carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins C and E) on lutein absorption“. British Journal of Nutrition 97, Nr. 3 (März 2007): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507352604.
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Lutein is assumed to protect the human retina from blue light and oxidative stress and diminish the incidence of age-related macular degeneration. This antioxidant is commonly ingested with other dietary antioxidants. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the main dietary antioxidants, i.e. carotenoids, polyphenols and vitamins C and E, affect lutein absorption. We measured the effect of adding a mixture of antioxidants (500 mg vitamin C, 67 mg (100 IU) vitamin E and 1 g polyphenols) to a lutein-containing meal (18 mg) on the postprandial lutein response in the chylomicron-rich fraction in eight healthy men. Lutein response was weakest ( − 23 %;P = 0·07) after ingestion of the meal containing antioxidants (21·9 (sem4·6)v.28·4 (sem7·2) nmol × h/l). To assess the effect of each class of antioxidants and potential interactions, we subsequently evaluated the effect of various combinations of antioxidants on lutein uptake by human intestinal Caco-2 TC-7 cells. A full factorial design showed that both a mixture of polyphenols (gallic acid, caffeic acid, (+)-catechin and naringenin) and a mixture of carotenoids (lycopene plus β-carotene) significantly (P < 0·05) impaired lutein uptake by ( − 10 to − 30 %), while vitamins C and E had no significant effect. Subsequent experiments showed that the aglycone flavanone naringenin was the only polyphenol responsible for the effect of the polyphenol mixture, and that the carotenoid effect was not carotenoid species-dependent. Taken together, the present results suggest that lutein absorption is not markedly affected by physiological concentrations of vitamins C and E but can be impaired by carotenoids and naringenin.
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Rashidi Othman, Nur Alifah Md Amin, Ainaa Eliah Abu Bakar, Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzillah und Noraini Mahmad. „Carotenoid Pigments of Red, Green and Brown Macroalgae Species as Potential Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients“. Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences 9, Nr. 1 (05.01.2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2019.09.01.3.
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Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) is a substance used in a finished pharmaceutical product, intended to furnish pharmacological activity or contribute direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease. It also provides a direct effect in restoring, correcting or modifying physiological functions in human beings. Macroalgae, also known as seaweed, are plant-like organisms that can be found in a marine habitat. Macroalgae has been given huge concern because of its high nutritional value and short-term growth, which is only 45 days per cycle. Therefore, three red macroalgae species of Eucheuma denticulatum, Gracilaria tikvahiae and Kappaphycus striatum), as well as green and brown macroalgae species of Caulerpa lentillifera and Padina pavonica were selected to determine their carotenoids content and composition by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and HPLC analysis. The main carotenoids identified in red, green and brown macroalgae species were zeaxanthin, lutein, ?-carotene and violaxanthin. Marked differences were observed between red, green and brown macroalgae carotenoids content and composition. Zeaxanthin and ?-carotene were detected in all red, green and brown macroalgae ranged from 3.61 to 21.30 ?g/g DW and 2.44 to 10.70 ?g/g DW respectively. Violaxanthin was found only in green macroalgae (8.93 ?g/g DW) whereas lutein was found only in red macroalgae (9.57 to 38.60 ?g/g DW). In terms of total carotenoid content, green macroalgae contained the highest amount of carotenoid (100.89 ± 14.71 ?g/g DW). The significant outcome of the research will be new natural carotenoid pigment sources as potential active pharmaceutical ingredients which can be beneficial to halal health-promoting products industry.
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HORVÁTH, Kitti Z., Bulgan ANDRYEI, Lajos HELYES, Zoltán PÉK, András NEMÉNYI und Eszter NEMESKÉRI. „Effect of mycorrhizal inoculations on physiological traits and bioactive compounds of tomato under water scarcity in field conditions“. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48, Nr. 3 (25.08.2020): 1233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha48311963.
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Mycorrhizal inoculations were investigated to reveal their effects on the growth and productivity of processing tomato grown under field conditions. Plants inoculated at sowing (M1), sowing + transplanting (M2) and non-inoculated plants (M0) were grown under regularly irrigated (RI), deficit irrigated (DI), and non-irrigated (I0) conditions. In dry years, under non-irrigated conditions (M2) treatment significantly decreased the canopy temperature, improved the photosynthetic efficiency expressed by chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the fruit setting, significantly increased the total carotenoids and lycopene concentration of fruits but increased the ratio of green yield. Using deficit irrigation, (M2) plants produced more and larger weighed red fruits than (M1) plants but the β carotene, lutein and lycopene concentration of fruits, except for the vitamin C, decreased. Under severe drought conditions the mycorrhizal inoculations positively influenced the all carotenoids and lycopene concentration of fruits (r = 0.8150, r = 0.7837), but their impact was negative under deficit irrigation. Under water deficiency (I0, DI) the mycorrhizal symbiosis increased the marketable yield and resulted in a 33% increase in green yield and an 18 % increase in the total carotenoids content in dry years but the unmarketable yield decreased. Under water deficiency (M2) treatment produce more marketable yield resulting in 9.8% higher total carotenoids in the tomato fruits than (M1) treatment under field conditions.
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Lefevre, Carmen E., und David I. Perrett. „Fruit over sunbed: Carotenoid skin colouration is found more attractive than melanin colouration“. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 68, Nr. 2 (Februar 2015): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2014.944194.
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Skin colouration appears to play a pivotal part in facial attractiveness. Skin yellowness contributes to an attractive appearance and is influenced both by dietary carotenoids and by melanin. While both increased carotenoid colouration and increased melanin colouration enhance apparent health in Caucasian faces by increasing skin yellowness, it remains unclear, firstly, whether both pigments contribute to attractiveness judgements, secondly, whether one pigment is clearly preferred over the other, and thirdly, whether these effects depend on the sex of the face. Here, in three studies, we examine these questions using controlled facial stimuli transformed to be either high or low in (a) carotenoid colouration, or (b) melanin colouration. We show, firstly, that both increased carotenoid colouration and increased melanin colouration are found attractive compared to lower levels of these pigments. Secondly, we show that carotenoid colouration is consistently preferred over melanin colouration when levels of colouration are matched. In addition, we find an effect of the sex of stimuli with stronger preferences for carotenoids over melanin in female compared to male faces, irrespective of the sex of the observer. These results are interpreted as reflecting preferences for sex-typical skin colouration: men have darker skin than women and high melanization in male faces may further enhance this masculine trait, thus carotenoid colouration is not less desirable, but melanin colouration is relatively more desirable in males compared to females. Taken together, our findings provide further support for a carotenoid-linked health-signalling system that is highly important in mate choice.
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Agyemang Duah, Stella, Clarice Silva e. Souza, Zsuzsa Nagy, Zoltán Pék, András Neményi, Hussein G. Daood, Szergej Vinogradov und Lajos Helyes. „Effect of Water Supply on Physiological Response and Phytonutrient Composition of Chili Peppers“. Water 13, Nr. 9 (01.05.2021): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091284.
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Water supply is a primary contributor to the growth and phytonutrient composition in chili peppers. Several physiological stress factors can influence phytonutrients in chili peppers, resulting in their differential synthesis. Maintaining the right and exact amount of water through a drip system can promote an effective fruit set and crop quality. Four pepper cultivars (‘Hetényi Parázs’; HET, ‘Unikal’; UNIK, ‘Unijol’; UNIJ and ‘Habanero’; HAB) were investigated under different water supply treatments: RF or rain-fed, DI or deficit irrigation, and OWS or optimum water supply. The two-year experiment was carried out in May 2018 and 2019 under open field conditions. Physiological parameters (relative chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and canopy temperature) were measured during the growth stage and phytonutrients (vitamin C, capsaicinoids and carotenoids) analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at harvest in September. The study revealed that, due to higher precipitation and rainfall interruption, increased water supply affected physiological response and phytonutrients in the cultivars. HAB under OWS had a lower response during the growth period when compared to HET, UNIK, and UNIJ. As water supply increased, measured individual carotenoid concentration increased in some cultivars. On the other hand, as water supply decreased, vitamin C and capsaicinoids concentration increased. Even though cultivars responded to the water supply treatments differently, HET exhibited a more uniform and stable composition in all treatments.
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Saric-Krsmanovic, Marija, Dragana Bozic, Ljiljana Radivojevic, Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic und Sava Vrbnicanin. „Impact of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunk.) on physiological and anatomical changes in untreated and herbicide-treated alfalfa plants“. Pesticidi i fitomedicina 31, Nr. 3-4 (2016): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1604115s.
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The effects of field dodder on physiological processes and the anatomy of alfalfa plants were examined under controlled conditions. The experiment included the following variants: N - noninfested alfalfa plants (control); I - infested alfalfa plants (untreated); T - infested plants treated with imazethapyr. Imazethapyr application rate was 100 g a.i. ha-1. The following parameters were checked: physiological - pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids); anatomical - stem parameters: thickness of epidermis and cortex, and diameter of stem and central cylinder; leaf parameters: thickness of epidermis, parenchyma and spongy tissue, mesophyll and underside leaf epidermis, and diameter of bundle sheath cells in alfalfa plants. Pigment contents and anatomical parameters were measured: prior to herbicide treatment (0 assessment), then 7 (I assessment), 14 (II assessment), 21 (III assessment), 28 (IV assessment) and 35 (V assessment) days after application (DAA). Field dodder was found to affect the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a and carotenoids in untreated alfalfa plants, causing significant reductions in pigment content. Conversely, percent reduction in the treated plants decreased 22-5% for chlorophyll a, 25-1%, for chlorophyll b, and 21-11% for carotenoids, while a stimulating effect of 1-6% was observed for the contents of chlorophyll b and carotenoids 35 DAA. Plants infested (untreated) by field dodder had lower values of most anatomical parameters, compared to noninfested plants. The measured anatomical parameters of alfalfa stems and leaves had significantly higher values in noninfested plants and plants treated with imazethapyr than in untreated plants.
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Khanishova, M. A., K. R. Tagieva und I. V. Azizov. „Evaluation of physiological, biochemical and yield indicators of wheat and maize genotypes exposed to sodium chloride“. Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 31 (01.09.2022): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v31.1494.
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Aim. Study the effect of sodium chloride on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat and maize genotypes, to identify varieties tolerant to salinity. To create new salt-tolerant varieties of wheat and maize, a comparative analysis of the physiological and biochemical parameters of the parental and hybrid plants was carried out. Methods. Physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content, relative water content, and PSII activity have been studied in parental forms and hybrids. Results. When studying salt-tolerance of hybrids and parental forms, differences were detected in the relative amounts of chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids, RWC, as well as the photochemical activity of chloroplasts. The effect of salt on the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, which are the main physiological indicators, is manifested in different ways in both hybrids and parental forms. Conclusions. Based on the physiological indices determined during the grain filling stage, the highest tolerance was manifested by the parental forms, Garabagh, Gobustan, and the hybrids, ♀Garabagh×♂Gobustan, ♀Garabagh×♂Mirbashir, ♀Garabagh×♂Sharg. Under the action of salt in all genotypes of corn found a slight increase in the content of soluble sugars. The highest sugar content was observed in the hybrid Zagatala 68 x Gurur.
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Mahdavian, Kobra. „The effect of salicylic acid and calcium chloride on lipid peroxidation and the scavenging ability on radical of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) under salt stress“. Botanica Serbica 45, Nr. 2 (2021): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102185m.
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Salinity exerts harmful morphological, physiological, and metabolic effects on plants. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA 0, 0.75 and 1.5 mM) and calcium chloride (CaCl2 0, 50 and 100 mM), singly or in combination, on different morphological and physiological characteristics of chickpeas exposed to salt stress (0, 25 and 75 mM NaCl). The results showed that the addition of SA or Ca alone improved plant behaviour in the presence of NaCl. Also, the shoot and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased under salinity, while malondialdehyde (MDA), the inhibition of DPPH radical, anthocyanine, and proline increased. However, the use of SA and Ca combined increased the shoot and root length and the dry weight, ameliorated the chlorophyll, carotenoids, and reducing sugars, and significantly reduced MDA and the inhibition of DPPH radical in the plants. These studies imply that SA and Ca caused a tolerance to NaCl which may be related to the regulation of antioxidative responses. It may also be suggested that a concentration of 1.5 mM salicylic acid and a concentration of 100 mM calcium are the most suitable concentrations to improve the physiological parameters of chickpeas under salinity conditions. Hence, by regulating the antioxidant system, SA and Ca play this role.
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Alia-Tejacal, Iran, Maria-Teresa Colinas-Leon, Maria-Teresa Martinez-Damian und Marcos Soto-Hernández. „(49) Effect of Low Temperature Storage on Quality and Enzymatic Activity of Zapote Mamey Fruit (Pouteria sapota)“. HortScience 40, Nr. 4 (Juli 2005): 1087D—1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1087d.
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Zapote mamey is a climacteric fruit that shows an increase in the content of carotenoids and total soluble sugars and in the activity of different enzymes during maturation. In the present study, zapote mamey fruits were harvested at physiological maturity and stored for 7, 14, and 21 days at 5, 10, and 15 °C, 85% relative humidity (RH). At the same time, immediately after harvest a group of fruits (control) was kept and evaluated at ambient temperature (20 °C, 50% to 60% RH). The objective was to determine the effects of temperature and storage time on content of carotenoids, and total soluble sugars, as well as to evaluate the enzymatic activity of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Fruits stored at 5 °C for 14 and 21 days developed chilling injury, as shown by a negative effect on carotenoids and total soluble sugars content. The activities of POD, CAT and SOD were also reduced after storage at 5 °C for 21 days. Fruits stored at 10 and 15 °C for 7, 14, and 21 days showed similar characteristics to the control fruits in carotenoids and total soluble sugars. Enzymatic activities were affected only by storage at 10 °C for 21 days. Storage at 15 °C for 21 days delayed, but did not stop maturation. Results suggest that zapote mamey fruits can be stored at 10 °C with no negative effect on quality.
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Karpenko, V. P., I. I. Mostoviak, A. A. Datsenko, R. M. Prytuliak und O. I. Zabolotnyi. „ВМІСТ ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧНИХ ПІГМЕНТІВ У ЛИСТКАХ ГРЕЧКИ ЗА ДІЇ БІОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ“. Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 81, Nr. 1-2 (30.06.2021): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.21.1-2.11.
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The article presents the results of a field experiment to study the effects of different rates of the microbial preparation Diazobacterin under different methods of using the plant growth regulator Radostim (seed treatment before sowing and spraying crops) on the content of chlorophyll a and b in buckwheat leaves of Yelena variety, their sum and carotenoids. Determination of chlorophyll a and b, their sum and carotenoids was performed in selected samples of buckwheat leaves in the field conditions, in the phases of stem branching and the beginning of flowering according to the method described by V.F. Gavrylenko and T.V. Zhyhalova using a spectrophotometer. The pigment concentration was calculated from Holm-Wettstein's equations for 100 % acetone. It was found that the content of photosynthetic pigments in buckwheat leaves is conditioned by the weather, rates and methods of application of the studied microbial preparations and phases of plant development. In particular, the analysis of chlorophyll and carotenoid content in the early flowering phase of buckwheat plants showed a significant increase compared to the phase of stem branching, which may be due to increased physiological and biochemical processes in plants, against the background of improving mineral nutrition, growth and plant development. Thus, with the multiple use of the microbial preparation Diazobacterin in the rates of 150, 175 and 200 ml and the stimulator of plant growth Radostim in the rate of 250 ml / t for seed treatment before sowing, the content of chlorophylls a and b, their sum and carotenoids with increasing application of Diazobacterin increased and the excess relative to control ranged within: 29–31 % for chlorophyll a; 10–11 % for chlorophyll b; 24–26 % for their sum and 23–24 % for carotenoids. At the same time, with a complex application for pre-sowing seed treatment of a mixture of the microbial preparation Diazobacterin in the rate of 200 ml per hectare of seeds with the stimulator of plant growth Radostym in the rate of 250 ml / t followed by spraying on this background crops the stimulator of plant growth Radostim in the rate of 50 ml / ha buckwheat leaves form the highest content of chlorophyll a in comparison with the control (40 %); chlorophyll b (15 %); the sum of chlorophyll a + b (33 %) and carotenoids (29 %). These data indicate the creation of more favorable conditions for physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including photosynthesis, with the direct positive effect of which, functionally active pigment complex of the leaf apparatus of buckwheat is formed.
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Elloumi, Wiem, Ahlem Jebali, Amina Maalej, Mohamed Chamkha und Sami Sayadi. „Effect of Mild Salinity Stress on the Growth, Fatty Acid and Carotenoid Compositions, and Biological Activities of the Thermal Freshwater Microalgae Scenedesmus sp.“ Biomolecules 10, Nr. 11 (06.11.2020): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10111515.
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Carotenoids have strong antioxidant activity as well as therapeutic value. Their production has been induced in algae under stressful culture conditions. However, the extreme culture conditions lead to the Programmed Cell Death (PCD) of algae, which affects their growth and productivity. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of salinity on the physiological and biochemical traits of Scenedesmus sp., thermal freshwater microalgae from Northern Tunisia. It was cultured under different NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 60 g/L. Results showed a good growth and high contents of total chlorophyll and carotenoids in Scenedesmus sp. cultured at 10 g/L of NaCl (salt-stressed 10 (Ss10)). The pigment composition of the Ss10 extract was acquired using HPLC–MS, and showed that the carotenoid fraction is particularly rich in xanthophylls. Moreover, the antioxidant (DPPH and FRAP) and enzymatic inhibition (tyrosinase and elastase) activities of the Ss10 extract were higher compared to those of the control culture. In addition, the cytotoxicity test on B16 cells showed that the Ss10 extract was non-toxic for all tested concentrations below 100 µg/mL. It also showed a rich unsaturated fatty acid (FA) composition. Therefore, these findings suggest that Scenedesmus sp. strain cultivated under mild stress salinity could be a source of biomolecules that have potential applications in the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
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Arruda, Souza und Siqueira. „Carotenoids from Malanga (Xanthosoma Sagittifolium) Leaves Protect Cells Against Oxidative Stress in Rats“. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 75, Nr. 2 (01.03.2005): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.75.2.161.
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The present study investigated the effect of malanga leaf powder and its carotenoids oil extract on oxidative damage in rat tissues. A group of rats received AIN-93G diet devoid of vitamin A (AD) and three other groups were treated with AD diet supplied with synthetic beta-carotene (beta-car) or malanga leaf powder (MP) or malanga carotenoids extract (CE). The diets’ carotenoids bioavailability was determined through carotenoids intake/liver retinol content. Lipid thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein (carbonyl) oxidation, and reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione concentrations were determined in liver, heart, and brain. Synthetic beta-carotene bioavailability was higher than that of pro-vitamin A carotenoids from MP and CE diets, and no difference was observed between the latter two groups. Liver and heart lipid peroxidation was lower in the beta-car and CE groups than the AD group, while no difference was observed for the MP group. The beta-car, MP, and CE groups showed lower liver protein oxidation than the AD group, and only the CE group had lower heart protein oxidation in relation to AD. The MP group had a lower liver GSSG concentration and higher GSH/GSSG ratio than the AD group, while no difference was observed for heart glutathione concentration among the groups. The results indicate that at physiological levels, beta-car, malanga carotenoids extract, and malanga leaf powder have antioxidant effects in rats.
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Góraj-Koniarska, Justyna, Marian Saniewski, Ryszard Kosson, Wiesław Wiczkowski und Marcin Horbowicz. „Effect of Fluridone on Some Physiological and Qualitative Features of Ripening Tomato Fruit“. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica 59, Nr. 2 (20.12.2017): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abcsb-2017-0012.
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AbstractIn tomato fruits, chlorophyll, lycopene and ß-carotene are mostly responsible for the color. During ripening of tomato fruits, the color of the pericarp changes from green to red as chlorophyll is degraded and carotenoids accumulate. These changes are associated with an increase in respiration and ethylene production. Carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in plants can be disturbed by herbicide fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-trifluoromethyl(phenyl)]- 4(1H)-pyridinone), which inhibits the activity of phytoene desaturase, an enzyme responsible for conversion of phytoene to phytofluene. Fluridone is also used as an inhibitor of biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones, and it reduces chlorophyll production in plants. In our research we studied the effect of fluridone on some physiological parameters, such as color, firmness, ethylene production, lycopene and chlorophyll content during ripening of the tomato fruit. Tomato plants cv. Altadena (Syngenta) were cultivated in a greenhouse in controlled temperature and both immature and mature fruits were used for the experiments, performed between August and November 2016. Fluridone at concentrations of 0.1% and 1.0% in lanolin paste was applied as a 2-3 mm stripe from the top to the base of tomato fruits, and as a control a stripe of lanolin was applied in the same way on the opposite side of the fruits. Fluridone at a concentration of 1.0% greatly inhibited lycopene accumulation in the pericarp of tomato fruits from the treated side. The measurements of fruit firmness have shown no significant differences between firmness of the part of the tomato fruits treated with fluridone, and the non-treated ones. Tomato fruits treated with fluridone produced amounts of ethylene similar to those found in control tissues on the opposite side of the same fruit. Fluridone delayed chlorophyll degradation in tomato fruits. The metabolic significance of these findings is discussed with the role of carotenogenesis inhibition in tomato fruit ripening.
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Aminifard, Mohmmad Hossein, Abbas Jorkesh, Hamid-Reza Fallahi und Khosro Alipoor. „Foliar Application of Thiamin Stimulates the Growth, Yield and Biochemical Compounds Production of Coriander and Fenugreek“. Journal of Horticultural Research 26, Nr. 1 (01.06.2018): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2018-0009.
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Abstract This study was aimed to investigate the effect of thiamine (Th) foliar application on some morpho-physiological aspects in coriander and fenugreek. Three levels of Th (250, 500 and 750 ppm) plus control treatment (distilled water) were studied under controlled greenhouse conditions. All the levels of Th, in particular the concentration of 500 ppm, increased the vegetative growth of coriander. 1000-grain weight, contents of nitrogen and phosphorus, carotenoid and chlorophyll b contents were the highest at a concentration of 750 ppm. Fenugreek vegetative growth also responded positively to the application of Th especially at a concentration of 750 but also 500 ppm increased the content of leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, phenolics and antioxidant activity. Overall, the performance of coriander and fenugreek was improved by the application of Th foliar at all levels.
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Fawad, Muhammad, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Hassan S. Al-Zahrani und Md Arfan Ali. „Exogenous application of citric acid alleviates copper-induced stress in Withania coagulans (Dunal)“. World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 7, Nr. 3 (18.12.2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/wjb.007.03.0694.
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The current study aimed to determine the mitigating effect of citric acid (CA) on various physiological and biochemical attributes in Withania coagulans, exposed to copper (Cu) stress. The viable seeds of Withania coagulans were planted in a controlled environment. After reaching the four-leaf stage, the plants were given simultaneous treatment with two concentrations of Cu [TCu1 and TCu2 (10mM, 15mM)] alone and/or with CA [TCa1 and TCa2 (05mM, 10mM)]. After harvesting, the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the plants were assessed. The findings demonstrated that using a higher dosage of Cu has significant toxic effects on plant growth and biomass. The agronomic attributes of the plant were significantly reduced by 24% (number of leaves), 22% (shoot length), 7% (root length), 8% (fresh weight), and 38% (dry weight) compared to the control. Higher concentration of Cu was also found toxic to photosynthetic pigments and significantly reduced by 27% (chl a), 6% (chl b), and 35% (carotenoids) compared to the control. However, the application of CA under Cu stress significantly improved the physiological attributes of Withania coagulans. The plant's agronomic traits significantly increased by 66% (number of leaves), 31% (shoot length), 87% (root length), 43% (fresh weight), and 78% (dry weight), whereas photosynthetic pigments by 25% (chl a), 58% (chl b), and 125% (carotenoids). Based on the results, it could be concluded that CA can play a role in mitigating the toxic effect of Cu in Withania coagulans
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Galperina, A. R., und O. B. Soprunova. „Influence of lead salts on some morphological and physiological parameters of filamentous cyanobacteria“. Biosystems Diversity 26, Nr. 3 (23.08.2018): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011834.
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In the conditions of a model laboratory experiment the influence of lead salts (an acetate and nitrate) on morphological and physiological parameters of filamentous cyanobacteria was studied. During the experiment we estimated features of formation of biomass, structure of trichomes, form and the size of cells, content of chlorophyll a, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins. It is noted that in the presence of lead acetate of up to 5 maximum allowable concentrations there is a formation of a biomass in the form of attached and free films, and presence of a nitrate form of lead at the same concentration promotes formation of filaments, fixed from one side. At the same time, the increase of concentration of both acetate, and nitrate forms of lead promotes formation of rarefied films of one layer multidirectional trichomes; to disintegration of trichomes on the fragments and separate cells united by an external mucilaginous envelope. Content of lead acetate in concentration of 15 times the maximum allowable concentration, and lead nitrate at 10 times the maximum allowable concentration leads to formation of abnormally long cells up to 10.0–10.5 µm long. It is established that lead acetate has a stimulating effect on formation of a biomass and synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. The biomass growth of up to 223.7% of the control was observed at concentration up to 15 times the maximum allowable concentration inclusive. The content of chlorophyll a grew by 30.6%, carotenoids – by 24.0% at one maximum allowable concentration. Lead nitrate stimulates a biomass gain much more weakly – up to 70.0% at 5 times the maximum allowable concentration and also has the expressed inhibiting effect on synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. Depression of concentration of chlorophyll a and carotenoids by 38.8% and 79.4% respectively was observed already at one maximum allowable concentration. The stimulating effect of lead acetate is noted on synthesis of phycocyanin (by 94.0%) and allophycocyanin (by 120.0%) in concentration up to 5 times the maximum allowable concentration; the stimulating effect of lead nitrate was observed on synthesis of phycocyanin (by 64.7%) in concentration up to 5 times the maximum allowable concentration and on synthesis of allophycocyanin (up to 140.0%) and on phycoerythrin (up to 228.0%) at concentration up to 10 times the maximum allowable concentration. Comparison of influence of various lead salts on filamentous cyanobacteria revealed a more expressed inhibiting effect of the nitrate form of lead in comparison with acetate.
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Lima, Yasmin Chagas, Ana Raquel Lopes Soares de Almeida, Adelia Vitória Domingos Pontes, Oriel Herrera Bonilla und Eliseu Marlônio Pereira de Lucena. „Germination performance and vigor of tobacco seeds coated with a chitosan-based bioproduct“. Research, Society and Development 11, Nr. 15 (13.11.2022): e158111537064. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i15.37064.
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The biopolymer coating use on seeds has aroused the interest of the agricultural sector due to its low cost, reduction of impacts on the environment and improvements in productivity and yield of major crops, being chitosan an important polymer for application in seeds. Considering this knowledge, the present study aimed to evaluate the application effect of a bioproduct based on chitosan, from the parameters of physiological quality, vigor, and biochemistry in tobacco seeds. Seeds of the Virginia variety were submitted to treatments: 0.0 (witness); 0.5; 1; 2.5; 5; and 10% were used to obtain first count values, germination test, seedling length and fresh mass, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. The bioproduct had a positive effect on chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids at 10% FTSeed concentration and seedling length under 5.25% FTSeed. The study pointed out that the bioproduct has a favorable action on the development and leaf pigments, being an alternative biostimulant with less impact on the environment for the agricultural sector.
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Balouchi, H. R., S. A. M. M. Sanavy, Y. Emam und A. Dolatabadian. „UV radiation, elevated CO2 and water stress effect on growth and photosynthetic characteristics in durum wheat“. Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 10 (21.10.2009): 443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1024-pse.
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Climate change studies are of considerable interest in agriculture and environmental science. The objective of this research was to investigate the changes in photosynthetic pigments and other physiological and biochemical traits of durum wheat exposed to ultraviolet A, B and C radiation, elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and water stress. The results showed that carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids and proline content increased significantly by decreasing ultraviolet wavelength compared to control. Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> increased only height and specific leaf area. Water stress induced a significant increase in carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, proline and protein content. Interaction of UV-C and water stress in ambient CO<sub>2</sub> increased UV screen pigments and proline content, while under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> these increments were alleviated. Interaction among UV-C radiation, elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and water stress demonstrated a significant decrease in Fv/Fm, chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrates and specific leaf area compared to control. The results of this experiment illustrate that increased UV radiation and water stress induces an increase of screen pigments and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> prevents accumulation of these pigments.
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Janjuha, Ryan, Diane Bunn, Richard Hayhoe, Lee Hooper, Asmaa Abdelhamid, Shaan Mahmood, Joseph Hayden-Case, Will Appleyard, Sophie Morris und Ailsa Welch. „Effects of Dietary or Supplementary Micronutrients on Sex Hormones and IGF-1 in Middle and Older Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis“. Nutrients 12, Nr. 5 (18.05.2020): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051457.
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Observational research suggests that micronutrients may be protective for sarcopenia, a key health issue during ageing, potentially via effects on hormone synthesis and metabolism. We aimed to carry out a systematic review of RCTs investigating effects of increasing dietary or supplemental micronutrient intake on sex hormones and IGF-1 in individuals aged 45 years or older. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for RCTs reporting the effects of different micronutrients (vitamins A, C, D, or E; carotenoids; iron; copper; zinc; magnesium; selenium; and potassium) on sex hormones or IGF-1. Of the 26 RCTs identified, nine examined effects of vitamin D, nine of multi-nutrients, four of carotenoids, two of selenium, one of zinc, and one of vitamin E. For IGF-1 increasing vitamin D (MD: −0.53 nmol/L, 95% CI: −1.58, 0.52), multi-nutrients (MD: 0.60 nmol/L, 95% CI −1.12 to 2.33) and carotenoids (MD −1.32 nmol/L; 95% CI −2.76 to 0.11) had no significant effect on circulating concentrations. No significant effects on sex hormones of other micronutrients were found, but data were very limited. All trials had significant methodological limitations making effects of micronutrient supplementation on sex hormones unclear. Further high quality RCTs with physiological doses of micronutrients in people with low baseline intakes or circulating concentrations, using robust methodology, are required to assess effects of supplementation adequately.
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Auriga, Alicja, und Jacek Wróbel. „Influence of Tytanit® and EM on biochemical, physiological, and qualitative parameters of common bean“. Horticultural Science 48, No. 2 (29.06.2021): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/72/2020-hortsci.
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The role of preparations supporting plant growth is mainly to reduce the harmful effects of various stress factors on plants and to ensure high yields of good quality. This experiment compared the effect of the mineral stimulator Tytanit® and the biological preparation Effective Microorganisms (EM) on the physiological and biochemical activity, as well as the yield of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The photosynthetic pigments, free proline and malondialdehyde were assayed and compared at three phenological phases of the bean: 15 BBCH, 24 BBCH, 65 BBCH. The yield parameters included the average number of pods per plant, as well as their fresh and dry mass. Additionally, the nutrient content in the pods was determined according to the atomic absorption spectrometry method. The study revealed a positive effect of both preparations on increasing the content of chlorophyll a, b, and the carotenoids in the bean leaves. Plants treated with Tytanit® were characterised by the highest content of malondialdehyde and proline, while EM maintained the aldehyde content on a similar level compared to the untreated plants and significantly reduced the proline content. Both preparations significantly decreased the Mn, Mg, P, and Ca content in the pods and did not have a substantial impact on the yield.
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Wang, X., D. Kong, Z. Ma und R. Zhao. „Effect of carrot puree edible films on quality preservation of fresh-cut carrots“. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 54, Nr. 1 (01.06.2015): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijafr-2015-0007.
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Abstract The effect of edible films based on carrot puree, chitosan, corn starch, gelatin, glycerol and cinnamaldehyde on fresh-cut carrots was studied during storage. Several parameters, such as firmness, colour, weight loss, total carotenoids, total phenols, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and peroxidase (POD) activity in coated carrots were determined at regular intervals and then compared with the uncoated carrots throughout the storage period. Significant and expected changes were observed in all carrot samples that were compared. The coating treatment significantly (P < 0.05) delayed the senescence, reduced the deterioration of exterior quality and retained total carotenoids well compared with control (P < 0.05). In addition, significant inhibition of PPO activity (P < 0.05) and POD activity (P < 0.05) as well as reduced accumulation of polyphenols (P < 0.05) were observed for all coated samples. All of these favourable responses induced by coating treatment on minimally processed fresh-cut carrots showed beneficial physiological effects, which would give some useful references to the fresh-cut fruit and vegetable processing industry and satisfy people’s requirements allowing for extending product shelf life without negatively affecting the sensory quality or acceptability.
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Akhmedzhanova, Aliya, Sergey Ponomarev, Yulia Fedorovykh, Olga Levina, Tatyana Starikova und Evgeny Dutikov. „The effectiveness of the use of astaxanthin in production feeds for promising aquaculture objects“. E3S Web of Conferences 363 (2022): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236303001.
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When developing the composition of recipes for complete dry combined feeds in industrial aquaculture, in addition to their balance in terms of basic nutrients, it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of a number of irreplaceable biologically active feed components in them. Among them, along with vitamins and minerals, are carotenoids – natural pigments contained in the natural food of fish. Carotenoids – play a different role in the metabolism of fish and are also pronounced antioxidants that protect the body from the action of free radicals. The article discusses the experience of using the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in feeding tilapia. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant that has a huge impact on the functioning of all systems and overall health. But this practice has not affected mass thermophilic aquaculture species like tilapia, their muscle tissues and caviar are not stained under the action of astaxanthin, and its effect on the physiological status of fish, as well as antioxidant properties have not been studied. It was found that the addition of astaxanthin – 20.0 and 40.0 mg/ kg to the composition of production feeds allowed to increase productivity by 22.0 and 39.2%, respectively, as well as to have a positive effect on the physiological state of fish.
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Dichala, Olga, Anastasia Evripidis Giannakoula und Ioannis Therios. „Effect of Salinity on Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Leaves in Three Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) Cultivars“. Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 17 (30.08.2022): 8675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178675.
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Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting crop yield. It is important to exploit pomegranates’ potential against salts because they are considered beneficial plants for human health due to their antioxidants and they are often exposed to severe salinity stress in the field. Three pomegranate cvs. were chosen as model plants for assessing the impact of different salt stress in the cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical response of three pomegranate varieties (Punica granatum L.) (Wonderful, Ermioni, and Grenada) under different saline conditions. The plants were grown in a sand/perlite substrate in a 1:1 ratio and, throughout the experiment, were irrigated with a Hoagland nutrient solution, modified to contain four concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 75 mM) of NaCl, KCl, and K2SO4. At the end of the experiment, we measured the (a) concentrations of carotenoids and porphyrin of leaves; (b) phenols and flavonoids contents, and antioxidant capacity of leaves; (c) lipid peroxidation level; (d) leaf water potential; and (e) proline concentration. Ermioni contained the maximum concentration of proline phenols and flavonoids and antioxidant capacity in all salts. Furthermore, reductions in chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration were recorded in all cultivars. Grenada possessed the lowest porphyrin concentration. In conclusion, our results showed that Grenada was the most salt-susceptible cultivar. Salinity treatment triggered the enhancement in lipid peroxidation in the sensitive cultivar, while no change in lipid peroxidation level was observed in the tolerant cultivars. These data provide further support to the hypothesis that a mechanism exists that excludes salinity from the roots of tolerant cultivars, as well as an internal mechanism of tolerance that minimizes the accumulation of lipid peroxides through a higher proline content related to osmoregulation and membrane stabilization.
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Hussein, Hebat-Allah A., Shifaa O. Alshammari, Sahar K. M. Kenawy, Fatma M. Elkady und Ali A. Badawy. „Grain-Priming with L-Arginine Improves the Growth Performance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants under Drought Stress“. Plants 11, Nr. 9 (30.04.2022): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091219.
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Drought is the main limiting abiotic environmental stress worldwide. Water scarcity restricts the growth, development, and productivity of crops. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a fundamentally cultivated cereal crop. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of grain-priming with arginine (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM) on growth performance and some physiological aspects of wheat plants under normal or drought-stressed conditions. Morphological growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free amino acids, proline, total phenols, flavonoids, and proteins profiles were determined. Drought stress lowered plant growth parameters and chlorophyll a and b contents while increasing carotenoids, soluble sugars, free amino acids, proline, total phenols, and flavonoids. Soaking wheat grains with arginine (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM) improves plant growth and mitigates the harmful effects of drought stress. The most effective treatment to alleviate the effects of drought stress on wheat plants was (1 mM) arginine, that increased root length (48.3%), leaves number (136%), shoot fresh weight (110.5%), root fresh weight (110.8%), root dry weight (107.7%), chlorophyll a (11.4%), chlorophyll b (38.7%), and carotenoids content (41.9%) compared to the corresponding control values. Arginine enhanced the synthesis of soluble sugars, proline, free amino acids, phenols, and flavonoids in wheat plants under normal or stressed conditions. Furthermore, the protein profile varies in response to drought stress and arginine pretreatments. Ultimately, pretreatment with arginine had a powerful potential to face the impacts of drought stress on wheat plants by promoting physiological and metabolic aspects.
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Gáspár, Soma Gáspár, László Zsombik und Szilvia Veres. „Comparison of the physiological responses of an oil-pumpkin cultivar and hybrid under different nitrogen supply conditions“. Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, Nr. 2 (15.12.2019): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/2/3680.
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Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca is known as a medicinal crop among other cucurbits. The benefits of cucurbits fruits are very important in terms of human health, purification of blood, removal of constipation, digestion and supplying energy. The mutant styrian oil-pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. convar. Pepo var. styriaca Greb.) exposes a complete lack of lignification of the seed testa. For this reason, this kind of naked pumpkin seed is more consumable as snack than other seeds. The vegetative growth of plants is crucial for fruit production. Nitrogen is the most imperative element for the proper vegetative growth and development of plants which significantly increases and enhances yield and its quality by playing a vital role in the biochemical and physiological functions of plants.
Field studies were conducted to study the effect of nitrogen nutrition on certain physiological parameters and their differences between the styrian oil pumpkin hybrid and cultivar (Gleisdorfi Classic cultivar and GL Rustical hybrid). The small block experiment was carried out based on a factorial experiment with a completely randomised block design and four replications in the Research Institute of Nyíregyháza during the summer period of 2017 and 2018. Three different concentrations of nitrogen fertiliser was applied at sowing. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a, -b and carotenoids) were analysed as one of the basic factor of efficient photosynthesis. The yields of two genotypes were also measured in all treatments as seed-weight. The contents of photosynthetic pigments were higher in the oil-pumpkin hybrid, mainly the carotenoids in 2018. The vegetation period of 2018 was drier than in 2017, the hybrid oil-pupmkin was more efficient in stress tolerance than the cultivar with higher carotenoids pool. The obtained yield was more pronounced in the oil-pumpkin hybrid than the cultivar in all examined years. The hybrid GL Rustical was more sensitive to nitrogen treatment than the cultivar Gleisdorfi Classic.
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Kot, I., C. Sempruch, K. Rubinowska und W. Michałek. „Effect ofNeuroterus quercusbaccarum(L.) galls on physiological and biochemical response ofQuercus roburleaves“. Bulletin of Entomological Research 110, Nr. 1 (13.06.2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485319000221.
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AbstractGall formation is associated with multiple changes in plant cells, which still requires a better understanding. In this study, galls caused by sexual generation (♀♂) ofNeuroterus quercusbaccarum(L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on pedunculate oak trees (Quercus roburL.) were used as a model. Cytoplasmic membrane condition, concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the activity of antioxidant enzymes and amino acid decarboxylase as well as chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined. Changes in physiological and biochemical parameters were analyzed in foliar tissues with galls and gall tissues themselves and compared to control. The presence of galls on oak leaves caused an increase of lipid peroxidation level. A significant decline in H2O2and TBARS content with the reduction of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were observed in gall tissues. The activity amino acid decarboxylase, i.e., LDC, ODC and TyDC varied between samples, which may affect the content of amino acids. The presence ofN. quercusbaccarumgalls caused an insignificant increase of the chlorophylls, carotenoids and anthocyanin contents, while the content of pigments and their ratios in gall tissues was extremely low. Moreover, photosynthetic parameters (F0,Fm,Fv/Fm,Y,qP) were significantly decreased. Data generated in this study indicate that the development ofN. quercusbaccarumgalls on pedunculate oak leaves has a negative effect on host plant related to the disruption of cell membrane integrity, disturbance of photosynthesis and reduction of the antioxidant potential of the host plant.
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Simonova, Olga, Evgenija Tovstik und Maksim Simonov. „Antioxidant status of barley seedlings under conditions of excess manganese“. E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125401032.
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The system of protection against the effects of heavy metals (TM) can differ not only in different species of plants, but also in different varieties. Manganese (Mn), as a biogenic element, is necessary for normal plant growth and development. However, in the case of concentrations exceeding the optimal level, it negatively affects both linear plant growth and physiological processes. The paper presents data on the assessment of the effect of excess manganese (II) ions (30, 60 and 90 mg/l of active substance) on barley seedlings of different varieties. Resistance of plants to ionic toxicity of manganese (II) was judged by the value of antioxidant activity (AOA) of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the content of low-molecular antioxidants (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and anthocyanins) in barley leaves. For most of the varieties studied, an increase in AOA of SOD, the content of anthocyanins indicating the activation of plant protective mechanisms, was noted. The amount of green pigments, as well as carotenoids, on the contrary, decreased, compared with the control, which indicated a violation of the processes of photosynthesis in them.
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Puglisi, Ivana, Emanuele La Bella, Ermes Ivan Rovetto, Angela Roberta Lo Piero und Andrea Baglieri. „Biostimulant Effect and Biochemical Response in Lettuce Seedlings Treated with A Scenedesmus quadricauda Extract“. Plants 9, Nr. 1 (18.01.2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010123.
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The use of natural biostimulants is becoming an attractive option in order to reduce the use of fertilizer and increase the yield of crops. In particular, algal extracts are suitable candidates as they positively affect plant physiology. Among crops, lettuce often requires the use of biostimulants to improve both the quality and quantity of production. The aim of this work is to investigate the potential use of a Scenedesmus quadricauda extract as a biostimulant in order to obtain sustainable cultivation and a reduction in the cost of chemical fertilizers in lettuce cultivation. Therefore, the effect of S. quadricauda extract on lettuce seedlings was explored by evaluating the physiological parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and total protein contents as well as several plant enzymatic activities involved in primary and secondary metabolisms. The experiment was performed by growing plants on inert substrate (pumice) with a 16-h photoperiod, by carrying out two consecutive radical treatments, one week apart, using a concentration of the extract corresponding to 1 mg Corg L−1. Lettuce plants were sampled at 1, 4, and 7 days from the first treatment and 7 days from the second treatment. The results showed that the S. quadricauda extract positively affected the growth of lettuce seedlings, mainly acting at the shoot level, determining an increase in dry matter, chlorophylls, carotenoids, proteins, and influencing the activities of several enzymes involved in the primary metabolism.
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Orozco, Antonio, Alfonso A. Gardea, Agustín Rascón-Chu und Alfonso Sánchez. „Effect of salinity on seed germination, growth and metabolic activity of pitaya seedlings [Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxb.]“. Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development 19 (30.12.2017): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v19i.44.
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The Cactaceae is an important resource in the arid and semi-arid zones of Mexico, this familyis naturally distributed in the Americas. Pitaya (Stenocereus thurberi) is an important endemicspecies of the Sonoran Desert that has received little attention despite its diverse uses,distribution and endemism. In the environment where pitayas thrive, salinity is a commoncondition, and its effects in physiological traits has been poorly recorded in the literature. Inthis study, NaCl effect was evaluated on germination, and seedlings growth and metabolicchanges. For the latter, heat or metabolic activity (q), respiration rate (RCO2), metabolicefficiency (Rq / RCO2) and growth rate (RSG?HB) were determined. These variables wereanalyzed using isothermal calorimetry at 25°C in pitaya seedlings. Final germination andplantlet survival rate were not affected by salinity; however, mean germination time, aerialbiomass production, root growth and the calorimetric variables mentioned above were directlyaffected according to salt concentration. Although seedling size decreased, contents ofchlorophylls a, b, and total chlorophyll (a+b) and total carotenoids showed an increase as afunction of NaCl concentration. Variables evaluated showed different salinity tolerance,reaching maximum values between 4,000 and 6,000 ppm of NaCl. As far as pigmentsynthesis, salinity treatments caused increases in chlorophylls and carotenoids. Thisincrement was more conspicuous at salinity treatments above 8,000 ppm.
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Gurjar, P. S., A. K. Verma, Abhay Dikshit und D. K. Shukla. „Effect of ethrel spray on the ripening behaviour of mango (Mangifera indica L.) variety 'Dashehari'“. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, Nr. 3 (01.09.2017): 1619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1411.
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An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of post harvest spray of different concentrations (100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 ppm) of ethrel (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) on ripening and colour development in ‘Dashehari’ mango fruits harvested in second week of June, 2015. The treated fruits were assessed for physico-chemical parameters such as physiological loss in weight (%), firmness (Kg/cm2), TSS (°Brix), titrable acidity (%), total carotenoids (mg/100g) and peel chlorophyll (mg/100g) and observations were recorded at 2 days interval during 8 days storage at ambient temperature. Changes in total soluble solids (8.5 to 23.23° Brix), total carotenoids (0.807 to 7.12 mg/100g) and PLW (14.58%) showed increasing trends up to 8 days during storage whereas fruit firmness (8.5 to 0.68 Kg/cm2), titrable acidity (1.26 to 0.08%) and total peel chlorophyll (5.2 to 0.14 mg/100g) showed decreasing trends. At the end of the storage period for 8 days, Ethrel spray at 600 ppm induced uniform ripening with attractive yellow colour within 4 days while untreated control fruits failed to ripen uniformly and remain light green even after 8 days of storage. Ripening advances by 4 days in fruits sprayed with 600 ppm ethrel com-pared to unsprayed control fruits.
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Kabiri, R., F. Nasibi und H. Farahbakhsh. „Effect of exogenous salicylic acid on some physiological parameters and alleviation of drought stress in Nigella sativa plant under hydroponic culture “. Plant Protection Science 50, No. 1 (27.01.2014): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/56/2012-pps.
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To study the effect of salicylic acid on photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids), polyphenol compounds, anthocyanin, flavonoids, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, malondialdehyde, lipoxygenase activity, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, soluble sugar contents, and protein content of black cumin (Nigella sativa) under drought stress in hydroponic culture, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomised design in a factorial arrangement with three replicates. Experimental treatments included salicylic acid at three levels (0, 5, and 10µM) and drought stress (induced by polyethylene glycol 6000) at four levels (0, –0.2, –0.4, and –0.6 MPa). Results showed that salicylic acid application through the root medium increased drought tolerance of black cumin seedlings. Plants pre-treated with salicylic acid exhibited slight injury symptoms whereas those not pre-treated with salicylic acid had moderate damage and lost considerable portions of their foliage. In conclusion, salicylic acid could protect the Nigella plant against drought stress through increasing of all the mentioned traits, and 10µM salicylic acid was the most effective level under both conditions.
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Sędzik, Maja, Beata Smolik und Marcelina Krupa-Małkiewicz. „Effect of lead on germination and some morphological and physiological parameters of 10-day-old seedlings of various plant species / Wpływ ołowiu na kiełkowanie i niektóre parametry morfologiczne i fizjologiczne w 10-dniowych siewkach różnych gatunków roślin“. Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 26, Nr. 3 (01.09.2015): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2015-0009.
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Abstract Among the heavy metals, lead (Pb) is one of the most common environmental pollutants. This study examines the effect of 1 mM lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 on the germination index, morphological parameters (root length, shoot length, fresh biomass and tolerance index) and physiological parameters (proline, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) in the leaves of 10-day-old seedlings of various species of crop plants under laboratory conditions. All results, when compared to control, showed Pb adversely affecting the morphological and physiological parameters of the test plants. Among the 12 studied plants, three species (pumpkin, rye and wheat) presented high tolerance to Pb compared to the other test plants. The most sensitive to Pb exposure were radish, barley, tomato and alfalfa
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Savicka, Marina, Aleksandrs Petjukevics, Anna Batjuka und Nataļja Skute. „Impact of moderate heat stress on the biochemical and physiological responses of the invasive waterweed Elodea canadensis (Michx. 1803)“. Archives of Biological Sciences 70, Nr. 3 (2018): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs180119016s.
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Global warming can negatively affect freshwater macrophytes. However, the degree to which freshwater plants can survive after long-term or short-term warming and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of our study was to analyze the responses of an invasive plant to moderate heat stress (HS). Biochemical and physiological stress responses to experimental warming (30?}1.0?C/25?}1.0?C, day/night) were assessed in the invasive waterweed Elodea canadensis. The effect of the moderate HS on the macrophyte was evaluated through changes in the total protein content, catalase activity, lipid peroxidation, cellular membrane permeability by electrolyte leakage and the concentrations of carotenoids and photosynthetic pigments. Catalase activity and carotenoid concentrations increased significantly (p<0.01) in comparison to the control. A significant increase (p<0.05) in malondialdehyde concentration was observed. However, at the same time there was a persistent low level of electrolyte leakage in heat-treated plants as compared to the control. The results demonstrated that moderate HS improved membrane stability and increased the concentration of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant activity in E. canadensis shoots. Moderate alterations in temperature may favorably affect the physiology and growth of the invasive macrophyte E. canadensis. It is reasonable to expect that warming could lead to a gradual change in E. canadensis distribution and to changes in composition of freshwater ecosystems.
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Cao, Bang Phi, Duong Xuan Vu und Luong Trong Dang. „Effect of salicylic acid on some physiological parameters in micropropagated Bac Kan local alpinia (Alpinia coriandriodora D. Fang) under drought condition“. Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 2, Nr. 3 (23.05.2019): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v2i3.752.
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In this work, some physiological parameters of micropropagated Bac Kan local alpinia (Alpinia coriandriodora D. Fang) affected by drought and salicylic acid treatments under drought condition were analyzed. In comparison to well watered plants, the droughted plants have lower contents of relative water, photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanins in leaves and Fv/Fm ratio. In constrat, proline content and activity of both catalase and peroxidase are higher in droughted plants. SA treatments, 10 M in particular, attenuate damages in droughted alpinia plants by affecting on some physiological parameters. An increase in content of relative water, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), and anthocyanins were observed in leaves of treated plants in comparison to non-treated plants under drought condition. Fv/Fm ratio and peroxidase activity are higher in 10 M SA-treated plants than non-treated ones. Both 10 M and 100 M SA treatments lead to a decrease in proline accumulation and catalase activity in leaves of droughted plants.
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Dastborhan, Soheila, Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani, Andrzej Kalisz, Mostafa Valizadeh, Behnam Asgari Lajayer und Tessema Astatkie. „Biochemical and physiological response of borage to seed priming and water deficit: antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, and fluorescence parameters“. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 20, Nr. 3 (24.06.2022): e0804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-19132.
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Aim of study: To investigate the general response patterns of the borage plant to water fluctuations from a biochemical and physiological perspective.
Area of study: East Azerbaijan Province of Iran during the period 2012 and 2013.
Material and methods: The study investigated the effects of irrigation (after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm evaporation) and priming (unprimed, and primed seeds with water, 1% KNO3 and 1% KH2PO4) on the antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, and fluorescence parameters of borage using a Split-plot experimental design.
Main results: The statistical analyses showed no effect of seed priming on all evaluated traits other than mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) activity where it was significantly enhanced by seed pretreatment with 1% KNO3 and 1% KH2PO4. However, irrigations after 120 and 150 mm evaporation increased SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3, soluble sugars, and initial fluorescence (F0). The mean contents of Ch a, Ch b, and Ch a+Ch b under mild, moderate and severe water deficit were significantly higher than those under normal irrigation. Severe drought stress gave the highest carotenoids content and quantum yield baseline parameter (F0/Fm) of borage leaves. However, water limitation decreased Chl a/Chl b ratio, maximum primary yield of photosystem II (Fv/F0), and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm).
Research highlights: Based on these findings, it is postulated that the increase in soluble sugars and SOD activity under stress, and the accumulation of carotenoids under severe water limitation indirectly enhance the tolerance of borage plants to drought stress.
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Song, Shi Wei, Ling Yan Yi, Hou Cheng Liu, Guang Wen Sun und Ri Yuan Chen. „Effect of Color Shading-Nets on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Chieh-Qua Seedling“. Advanced Materials Research 366 (Oktober 2011): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.366.197.
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With uncovered net as a control, the effect of color shading-nets (red net, blue net and silver net) and ordinary black net on growth and physiological characteristics of Chieh-qua (Benincasa hispida Cogn.var. chieh-qua How.) seedling were studied. The result showed that, shading-net covering reduced light intensity and temperature, and increased air humidity of the seedling environment, compared with the control. Shading-net covering increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and biomass of Chieh-qua seedling, among which covering of blue and silver shading-nets were superior to the others. Root/shoot ratio and strong seedling index were the biggest under blue net treatment, thus it indicated that blue net covering promoted seedling haleness. Specific leaf weight of Chieh-qua seedling was reduced by covering shading-net. In addition to silver net, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids content were significantly increased by another 3 covering shading-nets. Relative conductivity (RC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and peroxydase (POD) activity of Chieh-qua seedling leaf were significantly reduced by shading-net covering. This indicated that shading-net covering in seeding nursery alleviated the stress of intensive light and high temperature, and thus increased the integrated seedling quality. Blue shading-net performed the best among all covering shading-nets.
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Hatami, Mehrnaz, und Mansour Ghorbanpour. „Effect of Nanosilver on Physiological Performance of Pelargonium Plants Exposed to Dark Storage“. Journal of Horticultural Research 21, Nr. 1 (01.06.2013): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2013-0003.
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Abstract This investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of post-harvest application of silver nanoparticles (N-Ag) and dark storage on plastid pigments, petal abscission, lipid peroxidation and activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) in pelargonium cultivars ‘Blue Wonder’ and ‘Anthony’. N-Ag was applied as foliar spray in concentrations 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg·cm-3 and then the plants were stored for 5 days in a growth chamber in darkness at temperature 20±2 °C and relative humidity 65%. The results revealed that after dark storage the petal abscission of cv. ‘Blue Wonder’ increased up to 40% but significantly decreased in plants treated with 60 mg·cm-3 of N-Ag. Cultivar ‘Anthony’ showed lesser petal abscission than ‘Blue Wonder’, namely 25% in control and 4% after treatment with 60 mg·cm-3 N-Ag. In both cultivars, treatment with N-Ag resulted in higher contents of leaf chlorophylls and carotenoids in comparison to untreated control. In response to treatments with 20-60 mg·cm-3 N-Ag, the activity of APX and POD was higher at the end of 5 days storage period than in the control plants, which coincided with improved post-harvest performance of both pelargonium cultivars. The enhancement of enzyme activities indicated possible beneficial effect of the applied treatment on alleviation of dark storage-induced oxidative stress. Also, in both cultivars, MDA content decreased significantly with the increase of N-Ag concentration up to 60 mg·cm-3 and then a rapid increase at 80 mg·cm-3 followed. It is concluded that treatment with silver nanoparticles is effective for preventing dark storage-induced petal abscission of pelargonium.
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Granado, Fernando, Begoña Olmedilla, Enrique Gil-Martínez und Inmaculada Blanco. „Lutein ester in serum after lutein supplementation in human subjects“. British Journal of Nutrition 80, Nr. 5 (November 1998): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114598001512.
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Lutein, one of the major carotenoids present in serum, is also widely consumed by most populations. For the purpose of testing the potential health benefits of several carotenoids, lutein was supplied as part of an intervention trial to test whether the consumption of these food constituents reduces oxidative damage to human tissue components. Lutein from a natural source (15 mg/d as mixed ester forms) was supplied for 4 months to eighteen non-smoking, apparently healthy volunteers (nine men, nine women) aged 25–45 years. The serum carotenoid profile was analysed at baseline and monthly thereafter. On average, lutein concentrations increased 5-fold after the first month of supplementation (mean 1·34 (range 0·6–3·34) μmol/l). On reviewing the results, in those volunteers whose lutein levels surpassed 1·05 μmol/l (fourteeen of seventeen), we tentatively identified lutein monopalmitate along with another unidentified ester (possibly from a monoketocarotenoid) in serum. Lutein levels returned to baseline values and ester forms were not present 3 months after supplementation was discontinued. Their concentrations did not correlate with, and represented less than 3% of, lutein levels achieved in serum. They were observed before development of, and despite the presence of, carotenodermia. To our knowledge, this is the first time xanthophyll esters have been described in human serum. In view of the fact that xanthophyll esters have not been previously reported in serum and chylomicrons, it seems unlikely that these ester forms would be a reflection of the contents of the capsule. They may indicate a ‘ceiling effect’ on or saturation of the transport capacity for xanthophylls, and may have been re-esterifiedin vivobecause of the unusual dietary conditions. The determination of the physiological importance of this finding will require further investigation, although neither haematological nor biochemical changes were detected.
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Rodríguez-Pérez, Loyla, Carlos Eduardo Ñústez L. und Liz Patricia Moreno F. „Drought stress affects physiological parameters but not tuber yield in three Andean potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars“. Agronomía Colombiana 35, Nr. 2 (01.05.2017): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v35n2.65901.
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This study evaluated the effect of water deficit on the physiological response and yield of three Andean potato cultivars. Leaf water potential (Ψw), soil matric potential (SMP), photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), leaf temperature (LT), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids (Car), electrolyte leakage (EL), growth and yield (Y). Parameters were determined in well-watered (WW) and drought-stressed (DS) plants. The three DS cultivars showed a decrease in leaf from the first day of treatment and reached values close to -2.00 MPa 4 days after treatment (DAT) for the Diacol Capiro (DC) cultivar, 5 DAT for the Pastusa Suprema (PS) cultivar and 6 DAT for the Esmeralda (Es) cultivar. The values of A, gsand E in the DS cultivars decreased from the first DAT. The LT reached the highest values when gs showed the lowest values for the three DS cultivars. WUEi was higher in Es under DS plants but lower in DC under DS. The PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) showed values greater than 0.8 for all DS cultivars under DS, suggesting the absence of non-stomatal limitations for A. The Chl content increased in the Es cultivar under DS from 5 to 7 DAT compared to WW plants. Carotenoids (Ca) contents, the Car/Chl ratio, and EL increased in the three DS cultivars. There were no differences in yield and growth parameters between WW and DS cultivars. These results suggest that the three cultivars developed mechanisms to overcome the stress. One of these mechanisms could be the early synthesis of Car, which may maintain photosystem II function under water stress.
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Hadi, H., A. Najafabadi und R. Amirnia. „Comparison of Different Treatment Methods of Salicylic acid on Some Physiological Traits of White Bean Under Salinity Stress“. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 47, Nr. 3 (01.09.2014): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2014-0030.
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Abstract It has been shown that salicylic acid (SA) acts as an endogenous signal molecule responsible for inducing biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The effect of three application methods (Soil, Foliar and Priming) and four salicylic acid concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM) on chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, protein and soluble sugars of NaCl (4 ds/m) stressed white bean (Phaseulus vulgaris L.) was investigated. The results showed that the effect of applied concentrations and application methods on chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, proline, protein and soluble sugars were significant. The interaction of concentrations and application methods used was significant on protein, proline and soluble sugars. According to the results, the greatest impact was belonged to the soil treatment which was not significantly different from priming. Among applied concentrations, the concentration of 0.1 and 0.5 mM were the most effective and the concentration of 1 mM was not significantly different from the control.
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Sabuz, AA, MGF Chowdhury, MM Molla, MHH Khan und M. Miaruddin. „Effect of Ethephon on ripening and postharvest quality of mango“. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 44, Nr. 3 (10.10.2019): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v44i3.43478.
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The experiment was conducted at the laboratory of Postharvest Technology Division, BARI to evaluate the effect of postharvest application of 6 concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 & 10000 ppm) of ethephon on ripening and postharvest qualityof mango (cv. Langra) fruits harvested at mature green stage on 3rdweek of June in 2011 and 2012. The treated fruits were assessed for physiological changes such as ripening %, weight loss (%), biochemical aspects such as TSS (0Brix), titratable acidity (%), reducing sugar (%), total sugar (%), ascorbic acid content (mg/100g), total carotenoids (μg/100g), carbon di oxide production (ml/g fruit) and residual level of the applied ethephon during storage period. The observations were recorded at 2 days interval during 6 days storage at ambient condition (23±2°C with 80±5% RH). Complete yellow color (full ripe) was developed on the fruits treated with 500-1000 ppm ethephon at 4 days of storage while yellowish green and greenish yellow color was developed on 250 ppm treated and control fruits, respectively, and 10000 ppm ethephon treated fruits overripened at this period. At 6 days of storage, 250 ppm ethephon treated fruits got ripen and 500-1000 ppm ethephon treated fruits overripened whereas 10000 ppm treated fruits got rotten and control one was still unripe. Irrespective of ethephon treatments, weight loss of fruits, TSS, reducing sugar, total sugar, carbon di oxide production and total carotenoid showed increasing trends upto 6 days whereas titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and residue level of ethephon showed decreasing trends in both years. At 4 days of storage, 750-1000 ppm ethephon dipped fruits induced uniform attractive yellow color while untreated control fruits remained yellowish greenish (unripe) even after 6 days of storage. At 6 days of storage TSS, reducing sugar, toatal sugar, ascorbic acid and total carotenoid content were found maximum in 750-1000 ppm treated fruits compared to 250-500 ppm treated fruits. The residue level of ethephon in mango fruits treated with ethephon concentrations (250-1000 ppm) at 6 days of storage was found below 2 ppm (0.1 1ppm-0.54 ppm), which is safe for human consumption. Therefore, mangoes ripened by using ethephon @ 750-1000 ppm can be consumed safely without any health risk.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 453-467, September 2019
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Patel, Miral, Nirmal Kumar J.I und K. K. Tiwari. „An Investigation on principle biochemical components, photosynthetic pigments, nucleic acid and enzymatic activities of axenic culture of Scytonema sp. treated with two PAHs: Acenapthene and Fluoranthene“. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, Nr. 1 (25.03.2014): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.9784.
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The fresh water cyanobacteria Scytonema sp. was cultivated in a laboratory scale in the presence of various concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20 ppm) of two polycyclic hydrocarbons in order to assess the influence of the pollutant on the growth and certain physiological responses of the cyanobacteria. The algal cells were analyzed for chlorophyll a, carotenoids, phycobilliproteins, proteins, amino acid, nucliec acid, C/N ratio and elemental composition, carbohydrate and different enzymes at four days interval up to 16 days. According to our results, Scytonema sp. was significantly affected by the pollution with regard to the different physiological parameters examined, and this significance may be negative, positive or variable. The effect of the pollutant on carbohydrate, and the total amount of amino acids, proteins was negative, however, the composition of the phenol increase with raise in PAHs concentration. A positive effect of the pollutant on cellular C/N ratio was observed up to certain doses of PAHs.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.9784Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(1): 34-40
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Abdellatif, Yasmin M. R., Maha S. Elsayed, Mona M. Hassan, Inas A. Ahmed, Ahmed H. Ragab, Ibrahim M. Shams El-Din, Walid B. Abdelaal, Mona S. Abd El-Aal und Amal F. M. Zein El Din. „Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Fe-Modified Activated Carbon Affecting the In Vitro Growth of Date Palm Plantlets cv. Medjool“. Horticulturae 8, Nr. 12 (10.12.2022): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8121179.
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The survival and growth of in vitro plantlets are still problematic for the date palm; thus, the application of nanotechnology may provide date palm plantlets that develop faster with enhanced growth and biochemical parameters. Moreover, the usage of Fe-modified activated carbon (Fe-AC) prepared from date palm pits instead of activated charcoal (AC) in tissue culture media during the current investigation can be considered an innovative approach. Furthermore, the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and bulk particles (ZnO-BPs) on the rooting and growth of date palm plantlets and on some physiological indices was also investigated. X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize Fe-AC and ZnO-NPs. As detected from the characterization, the particle size was 720 nm for Fe-AC and 60 nm for ZnO-NPs. The obtained results indicated that AC significantly enhanced plantlet growth, plantlet height, number of leaves/plantlet, root length, number of roots/plantlet, and the concentrations of IAA, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b compared with Fe-AC. On the other hand, sugars and phenols concentrations, and POD and PAL activities were highly increased with Fe-AC. There was no significant difference in terms of plant fresh weight (FW), leaf length, leaf width, protein, amino acids, and carotenoids. ZnO nanoparticles significantly improved plant height, leaf length, leaf width, root length, and the concentrations of IAA, chlorophylls a and b, and carotenoids; in contrast, the bulk form increased roots/plantlet, amino acids, and total sugars. Supplying the MS medium with combinations of ZnO-NPs or ZnO-BPs and AC or Fe-AC significantly increased all growth and physiological parameters. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width, root length, and the concentrations of IAA, protein, and chlorophylls a and b significantly increased when ZnO-NPs were combined with AC. Amino acids, total sugars, carotenoids, and phenols concentrations and the activities of POD and PAL increased when ZnO-BPs and Fe-AC were added together.
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Barickman, T. Casey, Catherine R. Simpson und Carl E. Sams. „Waterlogging Causes Early Modification in the Physiological Performance, Carotenoids, Chlorophylls, Proline, and Soluble Sugars of Cucumber Plants“. Plants 8, Nr. 6 (08.06.2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8060160.
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Waterlogging occurs because of poor soil drainage and/or excessive rainfall and is a serious abiotic stress affecting plant growth because of declining oxygen supplied to submerged tissues. Although cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is sensitive to waterlogging, its ability to generate adventitious roots facilitates gas diffusion and increases plant survival when oxygen concentrations are low. To understand the physiological responses to waterlogging, a 10-day waterlogging experiment was conducted. The objective of this study was to measure the photosynthetic and key metabolites of cucumber plants under waterlogging conditions for 10 days. Plants were also harvested at the end of 10 days and analyzed for plant height (ht), leaf number and area, fresh mass (FM), dry mass (DM), chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoid (CAR), proline, and soluble sugars. Results indicated that cucumber plants subjected to the 10-day waterlogging stress conditions were stunted, had fewer leaves, and decreased leaf area, FM, and DM. There were differences in physiological performance, Chl, CAR, proline, and soluble sugars. Overall, waterlogging stress decreased net photosynthesis (A), having a negative effect on biomass accumulation. However, these decreases were also dependent on other factors, such as plant size, morphology, and water use efficiency (WUE) that played a role in the overall metabolism of the plant.
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Zaimenko, N. V., B. O. Ivanytska, N. V. Rositska, N. P. Didyk, D. Liu, M. Pyzyk und J. Slaski. „Physiological responses of orchids to prolonged clinorotation“. Biosystems Diversity 29, Nr. 4 (27.10.2021): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012146.
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Creation of plant-based bioregenerative life support systems is crucial for future long-duration space exploring missions. Microgravity is one of the major stresses affecting plant growth and development under space flight conditions. Search for higher plant genotypes resilient to microgravity as well as revealing of biological features which could be used as markers of such resilience is rather urgently needed. The objective of this study was to analyze physiological and biochemical responses of three orchid species representing different life forms (terrestrial and epiphytic), growth types (monopodial and sympodial) and pathways of CO2 fixation to long-term (24 months) clinorotation which modeled the combined effect of two stress factors: hermetic conditions and microgravity. Three years old meristematic orchids Cypripedium flavum, Angraecum eburneum, Epidendrum radicans, representing different life forms, types of branching shoot system and pathways of CO2 fixation, were used as test-plants. The microgravity was simulated using three-dimensional (3-D) clinostat equipped with two rotation axes placed at right angles (rotation frequency was 3 rpm) in controlled conditions of air temperature, illumination, air humidity and substrate moisture. The control plants were grown in the similar plastic vessels but not hermetically sealed and without clinorotating in the same environmental conditions. The vital state of the test plants was assessed using characteristics of mineral nutrition, content of photosynthetic pigments, free amino acids, soluble proteins, DNA and RNA, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The results of this study confirmed that orchids grown under simulated microgravity and kept in hermetically-sealed vessels were subjected to oxidative stress, which could be responsible for the observed inhibition of basic physiological processes such as mineral nutrition, metabolism of aminoacids, protein biosynthesis and photosynthesis. Monopodial orchids C. flavum and A. eburneum demonstrated better adaptation to prolonged clinorotation as compared to sympodial E. radicans. In particular, the latter demonstrated some stimulation of mineral nutrition processes (i.e. K, N, Fe, Mn, Zn accumulation), content of photosynthetic pigments, proline and superoxide dismutase activity. Long-lasting clinorotation induced adaptive changes of antioxidant systems in the studied orchids (e.i. increase in carotenoids and proline content and stimulation of superoxide dismutase activity), which helped to maintain the main physiological functions at stable level in the above-mentioned stressful conditions. The following biochemical characteristics in the studied orchids could be considered as markers of resilience to simulated microgravity and hermetic conditions: 1) an increase in the accumulation of non-enzymatic (proline, carotenoids) and enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase); 2) ability to maintain stable balance of mineral nutrients; 3) increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments; 4) increase in the content of proteinogenic amino acids and soluble proteins; 5) increase in the DNA content or RNA/DNA ratio. Our studies have also demonstrated a correlation between orchid ecomorphological characteristics such as type of branching with their adaptive responses to prolonged clinorotation. We observed no correlation between the studied life form of orchids, ecotype or the pathway of CO2 fixation and their resilience to prolonged clinorotation. This research can be a starting point for studying the relationships between ecomorphological features of various orchids and their resilience to microgravity conditions in the search for biological markers of microgravity tolerance in species of higher plants.
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Zaimenko, N. V., B. O. Ivanytska, N. V. Rositska, N. P. Didyk, D. Liu, M. Pyzyk und J. Slaski. „Physiological responses of orchids to prolonged clinorotation“. Biosystems Diversity 29, Nr. 4 (27.10.2021): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/012146.
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Creation of plant-based bioregenerative life support systems is crucial for future long-duration space exploring missions. Microgravity is one of the major stresses affecting plant growth and development under space flight conditions. Search for higher plant genotypes resilient to microgravity as well as revealing of biological features which could be used as markers of such resilience is rather urgently needed. The objective of this study was to analyze physiological and biochemical responses of three orchid species representing different life forms (terrestrial and epiphytic), growth types (monopodial and sympodial) and pathways of CO2 fixation to long-term (24 months) clinorotation which modeled the combined effect of two stress factors: hermetic conditions and microgravity. Three years old meristematic orchids Cypripedium flavum, Angraecum eburneum, Epidendrum radicans, representing different life forms, types of branching shoot system and pathways of CO2 fixation, were used as test-plants. The microgravity was simulated using three-dimensional (3-D) clinostat equipped with two rotation axes placed at right angles (rotation frequency was 3 rpm) in controlled conditions of air temperature, illumination, air humidity and substrate moisture. The control plants were grown in the similar plastic vessels but not hermetically sealed and without clinorotating in the same environmental conditions. The vital state of the test plants was assessed using characteristics of mineral nutrition, content of photosynthetic pigments, free amino acids, soluble proteins, DNA and RNA, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The results of this study confirmed that orchids grown under simulated microgravity and kept in hermetically-sealed vessels were subjected to oxidative stress, which could be responsible for the observed inhibition of basic physiological processes such as mineral nutrition, metabolism of aminoacids, protein biosynthesis and photosynthesis. Monopodial orchids C. flavum and A. eburneum demonstrated better adaptation to prolonged clinorotation as compared to sympodial E. radicans. In particular, the latter demonstrated some stimulation of mineral nutrition processes (i.e. K, N, Fe, Mn, Zn accumulation), content of photosynthetic pigments, proline and superoxide dismutase activity. Long-lasting clinorotation induced adaptive changes of antioxidant systems in the studied orchids (e.i. increase in carotenoids and proline content and stimulation of superoxide dismutase activity), which helped to maintain the main physiological functions at stable level in the above-mentioned stressful conditions. The following biochemical characteristics in the studied orchids could be considered as markers of resilience to simulated microgravity and hermetic conditions: 1) an increase in the accumulation of non-enzymatic (proline, carotenoids) and enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase); 2) ability to maintain stable balance of mineral nutrients; 3) increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments; 4) increase in the content of proteinogenic amino acids and soluble proteins; 5) increase in the DNA content or RNA/DNA ratio. Our studies have also demonstrated a correlation between orchid ecomorphological characteristics such as type of branching with their adaptive responses to prolonged clinorotation. We observed no correlation between the studied life form of orchids, ecotype or the pathway of CO2 fixation and their resilience to prolonged clinorotation. This research can be a starting point for studying the relationships between ecomorphological features of various orchids and their resilience to microgravity conditions in the search for biological markers of microgravity tolerance in species of higher plants.
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Cao Phi, Bang, Huyen Tran Thi Thanh, Man Le Thi, Ngoc Chu Thi Bich und Huong Phung Thi Lan. „Effect of salicylic acid on some physiological indices of Chrysanthemum cv “mai vang” cut flowers“. Journal of Science Natural Science 66, Nr. 1 (März 2021): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2021-0012.
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Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum sp.) has an important economic and medicinal value. This plant is the second most important cut flower produced in the world. Salicylic acid is a growth regulator with multifunction that is involved in plant physiology. In this works, the effect of salicylic acid at different concentrations (0.0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mM, respectively) on physiological characteristics of Chrysanthemum "mai vang" cut flowers was investigated. Research results indicated that salicylic acid affected the content of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves as well as anthocyanin content in the petals Chrysanthemum cv. “mai vang” cut flowers. Salicylic acid at concentrations of 0.25 - 0.5 mM increases the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids in leaf tissue at days 2 to 5 compared to day 1. The content of these photosynthetic pigments did not change through the experiments under influence of 0.75-1.0 mM salicylic acid. Meanwhile, salicylic acid at the concentration of 1.5 - 2.0 mM reduced photosynthetic pigment content at days 3 - 5 compared to day 1. A decrease of Fv\Fm value from day 1 to day 5 was observed in all experimental formula, the smallest reduction was found in the 0.25 and 0.5 mM treatments. Anthocyanins were higher accumulated in Chrysanthemum "mai vang" petals in all experimental formulas at days 2 to 4 than at day 1. At day 5, the anthocyanin content was still higher than at day 1 under salicylic acid treatments with concentrations of 0.25 - 0.75 mM.