Dissertationen zum Thema „Carbonates cycliques – Synthèse (chimie)“
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Vriet, Christelle. „Généralisation de la carbonatation aux substrats polyhydroxylés : synthèse de carbonates cycliques, linéaires, et mixtes, à partir d’érythritol, de xylitol, et de sorbitol“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7542/1/vriet.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDias, Hugo. „Catalyseurs bioinspirés pour la valorisation du co2 en carbonates cycliques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10192.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe CO2 valorisation is a strategy that could solve current issues. By using as a reagent this abundant molecule which is considered as an anthropogenic waste product, the development of sustainable syntheses of high added value products is becoming a key challenge for the chemical industry. The synthesis of cyclic carbonates is a typical example of a green reaction that converts CO2 into useful products for polymer and lithium battery industries. However, the CO2 cycloaddition to epoxides requires the use of selective catalysts to avoid the formation of undesirable polymers. Within living organisms, carbonic anhydrase has been widely studied and recognised for its reversible ability to rapidly convert CO2 into HCO3-. Nevertheless, the application of this metalloenzyme is prohibited for an industrial use due to its instability outside physiological conditions and its expensive cost. Inspired from this macromolecule whose active site is a zinc complex surrounded by L-histidine ligands, the aim of this thesis was to develop a selective catalytic system for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates under mild conditions. Catalytic evaluations of zinc salts and L-histidine derivatives were carried out and led to syntheses and exhaustive characterisations of a series of zinc complexes. Their stability and activity coupled with their selectivity towards cyclic carbonates prompted further researches into the grafting of those complexes onto supports. Functionalised mesoporous silicas were prepared and their catalytic activity tested, enabling those selective bioinspired catalysts to be recycled
Vriet, Christelle Mouloungui Zéphirin. „Généralisation de la carbonatation aux substrats polyhydroxylés synthèse de carbonates cycliques, linéaires, et mixtes, à partir d'érythritol, de xylitol, et de sorbitol /“. Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000420.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleContreras, Moreno Viviana. „Captage et valorisation du CO2 par voie chimique : application à la synthèse de carbonates cycliques à partir d’époxydes“. Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0021/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToday, the utilisation of CO2 as raw material for the synthesis of high-value added products like cyclic carbonates, is one of the alternatives used for reducing greenhouse gases. This thesis aims to understand and design a CO2 valorisation process by modelling the thermodynamic and the mass transfer/reaction kinetics generated during the cyclic carbonates synthesis from CO2, epoxides and a heterocyclic compound as catalyst. By using this new catalytic system, cyclic carbonates, which are used in the polymeric, pharmaceutic or cosmetic industry, can be produced with good yields at low temperatures and pressures and without any solvent. Thermodynamic properties as solubility and Henry's law constant have been estimated for CO2/epoxide binary systems. Mass transfer occurring without and with reaction has been studied in order to determine respectively the liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient and the reaction regime. A kinetic study has been performed to propose a model able to represent the reaction and to estimate the kinetic parameters. This information has been used in the design and the simulation of the production process of epichlorohydrin carbonate on Aspen Hysys
Foltran, Stéphanie. „Le CO2 supercritique pour la synthèse de carbonates cycliques catalysée par des liquides ioniques : étude des propriétés thermodynamiques et des mécanismes réactionnels par spectroscopie vibrationnelle et modélisation moléculaire“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14619/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to understand the thermodynamic properties and reaction mechanisms generated in the cycloaddition reaction of epoxides in supercritical CO2 medium catalyzed by ionic liquids for the green synthesis of cyclic carbonates. Thermodynamic properties (solubility, swelling, phase diagram) of epoxide/CO2 binary mixtures were determined for commercial mono-epoxides and vegetable based epoxidized oils. Kinetics study in-situ by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were performed to determine the influence of the nature of the ionic liquids studied and of different parameters such as temperature and pressure on the reaction. Molecular modeling using DFT method has helped us to propose a reaction mechanism consistent with the experimental results and to understand what are the respective roles of the anion and cation of the ionic liquid in the reaction
Masson, Kevin. „Synthèse thermique de composés carbocycliques à huit chaînons supportée par calculs DFT“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0461.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEight-membered carbocyclic systems are widely represented motifs in natural and bio-active molecules. However, they remain under-represented in both marketed drugs and in drug discovery programs. This is mostly due to the well-known challenge of making them, due to the inherent ring strain. On the other hand, small rings represent a valuable three-atoms building element in the search to reach molecular complexity in an atom economical manner and often participate in fascinating chemical transformations. This release of ring tension usually allows for a scalable, rapid and controlled synthetic access to the expected target molecules. In this context, a new class of donor-acceptor cyclopropane (DAC) has recently been developed in the laboratory combining a silyl protected cyclopropanol with an α,β-unsaturated ester. Gratifyingly, the latter delivered polyfunctionalized cyclooctadienes in good yields in purely thermal conditions. The experiments ran in the laboratory demonstrated that the thermal rearrangement of DACs is totally regioselective and highly diastereoselective. A small library of highly substituted cyclooctanoïds was obtained without the need of any reagent nor transition metals. Finally, mechanistic investigations performed on selected DACs allowed us to better understand the course of the reaction and highlighted the formation of highly reactive trans-cyclooctadienes as intermediates, known for their high and unusual reactivity
Schoepff, Laëtitia. „Synthèse et étude de la réactivité de cages moléculaires commutables“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work describes the synthesis, properties and reactivity of porphyrinic molecular cages. The successful synthesis of these covalent cages relies on a DABCO-CuAAC templated reaction, which enables to introduce triazole as peripheral binding sites. These cages incorporate either two free base porphyrins or zinc(II), aluminium(III) or cobalt(III) metalloporphyrins. Reversible coordination of Ag(I) or Cu(I) ions to the triazoles of the cages allows to control the cavity size and to switch between a flattened and an opened conformation. Protonation of the basic sites of the cage leads to its maximal expansion. Cages with Al(III) porphyrins have shown to act as catalyst in the phosphate triester methanolysis reaction. Cages with Co(III) porphyrins catalyze the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxide without formation of polycarbonate and with total conversion upon addition of pyridine as co-catalyst. In these reactions, the bis-porphyrinic cages have shown to behave as more efficient catalysts than the metalloporphyrin monomers used as reference
Décultot, Marie. „Intensification par pervaporation de la synthèse de carbonates organiques à partir d'alcools et de CO₂ Solubility of CO₂ in methanol, ethanol, 1,2-propanediol and glycerol from 283.15 K to 373.15 K and up to 6.0 MPa Organic carbonates synthesis improved by pervaporation for CO₂ utilisation“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR08.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCO₂ valorisation consists of using this greenhouse gas that is the most emitted into the atmosphere to produce molecules that are usually synthesized from oil. The combination of CO2 and alcohols produces organic carbonates with many applications. The equilibrium constants of the DEC (diethyl carbonate) and PC (propylene carbonate) synthesis reactions were experimentally evaluated for different operating conditions. A kinetic modelling was carried out based on mechanisms developed in the literature. The pervaporation of reaction mixtures models of DEC and PC allows effective dehydration that displaces the balance of the reaction. The experimental study of the reaction/pervaporation coupling made it possible to multiply by 8 the yields obtained without dehydration. According to the modelling, it is possible to significantly increase yields by improving reaction kinetics and pervaporation conditions
Durand, Pierre-Luc. „Fatty acids as a source of original aliphatic polycarbonate materials“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0710.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFatty acids were derivatized with the objective to design bio-based aliphatic polycarbonate(APC) materials. To that purpose, two platforms of lipidic 6-membered cyclic carbonates were prepared following synthetic routes either involving the ring-closure of a malonate intermediate or the coupling reaction between a fatty acid and 2-amino-1,3-propanediol. The ring-openingpolymerization (ROP) of these cyclic carbonates was next investigated. The first platform of 6CCswas polymerized in the presence of Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst, yielding low Tg aliphatic polycarbonates ranging from -61°C to -26°C with respect to the size of the pendant aliphatic side chains. The polymerization of the second lipidic 6CC platform was performed in a controlled fashion using DBU/Schreiner thiourea as catalytic system. Taking advantage of the presence of unsaturation functions on the linear bio-based APCs, cross-linked polycarbonate materials were then prepared.Several cross-linking methods were tested such as the irreversible thiol-ene coupling, the thermoreversible Diels-Alder reaction and the photo-reversible [2+2] cyclo-addition reaction between two cinnamate moieties. Fatty acid-based cross-linked APCs were thus designed and characterized; the latter exhibit tunable physico-chemical properties as a function of the monomer structure and the cross-linking density
Couvret, Denis. „Synthèse et évaluation de monomères acryliques à fonction carbonate cyclique : tude de nouveaux systèmes photoréticulables“. Le Mans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LEMA1009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouzanne, des Mazery Renaud. „Synthèse asymétrique d'éthers cycliques disubstitués et application à la synthèse de produits naturels“. Strasbourg 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13122.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we reported the development of a new way of access to 5, 6, 7 and 8-membered a, a'-cis-disubstituted cyclic ethers. This methodology was elaborated combining two very effective processes: the stereocontrolled reduction of enantiopure b-ketosulfoxides, with DIBAL or the DIBAL/ZnBr2 system, and the reductive cyclization of enantiomerically pure hydroxyketones, easily accessible from the formers, with the TMSOTf/Et3SiH system. This approach turned out to be highly enantioselective in the case of 5, 6 and 7-membered rings. Besides, it was applied to the total synthesis of two tetrahydropyranic natural products, (2S,6S)-cis-(6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-yl)acetic acid and (-)-Centrolobine, which were obtained with an enantiomeric excess greater than 98%. Moreover, the asymmetric synthesis of (-)-Centrolobine allowed us to revise the absolute configuration of the natural compound. For each ring size, we were interested in the synthesis of oxygenated heterocycles bearing in position a either an alkyl substituent, or an aryl substituent, in order to study the potentialities of our ring-forming step. These cyclic ethers were described, so it was possible to check the absolute and relative configurations of both chiral centres by chemical correlation. Finally, if the stereocontrolled reduction step of a-alkyl-b-ketosulfoxides towards the formation of 2,8-disubstituted oxocanes, such as (+) and (-)-cis-Lauthisan, was very satisfactory in terms of yield and diastereoselectivity, the reductive cyclization step was not so effective, as yields did not exceed 40%. These results can however be regarded as satisfactory ones, considering the well-known difficulty in obtaining 8-membered cyclic ethers by direct cyclization
Bédoui, Ahmed. „Synthèse de spirocylohexylbenzodihydropyranes diversement fonctionnalisès“. Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA114834.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAntoine, Marine. „Applications des bis-aminals à la synthèse de tétramines linéaires et cycliques“. Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis report presents a study of the cyclisation of some glyoxal or methylglyoxal diamines bis-aminals. The monocyclisation of l,4,5,8-tetraazadecaline with methylacrylate leads to two isomers of an oxo bis-aminal, well characterised by a two dimensional NMR study. The reduction of these two amides by sodium borohydride, followed by an acid hydrolysis, consists in a new route to the linear tetraamine N,N’-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-diaminopropane. The double cyclisation of l,4,5,8-tetraazadecaline can be realised both by reaction with dibromo derivatives and by reaction with methylacrylate. With methylacrylate, the double cyclisation leads to four stereoisomers of dioxo bisaminals. Their characterisation is also achieved by a two dimensional NMR study. One of the cis dioxo bis-aminal shows an unusual behaviour, wich is explained
Jost, Philippe. „Thermolyse baso-catalysée des carbonates d'aryle : synthèse d'éthers d'aryle“. Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSzymczyk, Monika. „Synthèse asymétrique d'acides phosphoniques et phosphoniques cycliques“. Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0023/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCompounds classified as heterocyclic are found in numerous natural products and molecules biogically active. The work described herein will focus on the synthesis of two families of heterocyclic compounds through two distincts synthetic pathways. The first one lays in the organophosphorus chemistry. In Chapter I, numerous methodologies known in the literature will be explained. The significance of metal-catalyzed hydrophosphonylation / hydrophosphinylation reactions will be described. Chapter II stands for the experimental exploration of metal-catalyzed intramolecular and intermolecular P-C bond formation. In Chapter III the attention will be turned to the development of a base-catalyzed synthesis of Cbz-protected β-enaminones and their subsequent implementation in the cyclization reaction towards 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines
Baumann, Delphine. „Synthèse d'inhibiteurs potentiels de glycosidases et d'urées cycliques de conformation restreinte“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718540.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Brazidec Jean-Yves. „Synthèse de bêta-C-glucosides catalysée par le palladium(0) et application à la synthèse de dérivés oxacycliques“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEscudié, Yannick. „Synthèse et réactivité d'espèces divalentes neutres du carbone : bis-ylures P,S cycliques et carbènes capto-datifs cycliques“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2674/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work concerns the development of new carbon(0) complexes. In particular, we aim at a synthetic route towards the first example of a mixed cyclic P,S bis-ylide. These ylides are expected to undergo unique reactivity thanks to the small cyclic structure. In the first chapter is described a bibliographic overview on carbon(0) chemistry. The focus on the electronic structure, applications as ligands in organometallic chemistry, and use as potential carbon atom sources. The second chapter, a synthetic route to access the dicationic precursor is described. This precursor yields after double deprotonation the desired P,S bis-ylide. The third chapter deals with the analysis of the crystallographic and theoretical data of the cyclic P,S bis-ylide and also the study of its reactivity. Reactions with carbonyl species demonstrate an increased reactivity as compared to its linear analogue and present new opportunities for the atomic carbon functionalization. Furthermore, a coordination study of the bis-ylide with various transition metals was performed in order to compare its properties with other C(0) complexes. The last chapter describes the synthesis of new azavinylidenesphosphoranes. There, we study the influence of the substituents on the carbene center with regard to reactivity and stability. These rare examples of cyclic push-pull carbenes possess a small singlet/triplet gap and transient carbenes reactivity. Moreover, their cyclic structure allow them to behave as ligand for transition metals. The corresponding complexes are robust and feature promising reactivity
Guiller, Alain. „Synthèse et réactivité de sulfites cycliques osidiques. Nouvelle méthode de glycosylation“. Lyon, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAL0036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRousselin, Yoann. „Synthèse de polyamines cycliques, compréhension des mécanismes pour la mise au point de méthodes propres, sélectives, économes en atomes et en énergie“. Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCyclic polyamines find applications in many fields and their synthesis require more and more attention. We have developped new methods allowing an easy and rapid access to a whole range of macrocyclic ligands. The « bisaminal tool » allowed us to devise a new and extremely convenient « One Pot » synthesis of cyclam and [13]aneN4. This new method can be used to prepare on the kilogram scale these macrocyclic ligands, whose applications do not stop growing. A new path to monooxomacrocycles was developped using bisaminal intermediates obtained by condensation of an α-dicarbonylated derivative on a new triamine-amide precursor. The easiness of access to these macrocycles allowed us to prepare new N-functionalised ligands, whose coordination properties are in progress. The action of the chloroacetaldehyde on bisaminal intermediates in the presence of benzotriazole and of various nucleophilic agents enable us to prepare new C-functionalized [13]aneN4 or cyclen derivatives. This method allows the synthesis of bifunctional chelating agents. Original macrocycles were synthesized and their reactivity was studied. Finally a new route towards triazamacrocycles was described involving no cyclisation step. This method allows to achieve the 1,4,7-triazacyclononane and selectively C- and/or N-functionalised derivatives at the same time. The properties of these new ligands have to be studied. This new synthesis will allow the preparation of new ligands showing a high selectivity towards a given substrate
Hernvann, Florian. „Synthèse de bêta-amino acides cycliques pour la préparation d'analogues du neuropeptide Y“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS116.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy doctoral research is devoted to the synthesis of new conformationally constrained beta-amino acids as building blocks for the construction of Neuropeptide Y analogues for affinity tests with different Y receptors.This project was conducted in collaboration with Professor Reiser (Universität Regensburg, Germany) who obtained encouraging results by introducing cis-2-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid (ACBC) into NPY analogues. In order to complete these affinity tests, we proposed to introduce ACBC with a trans configuration; the synthesis of this substance was developed in our laboratory, together with peripherally substituted ACBCs.Only two examples of peripherally substituted ACBC have been reported to date, so we developed a new synthetic methodology to access this type of compound. To this end, we focused on hydroxymethylated (HM) ACBC derivatives.Cyclobutane formation using photochemistry is a speciality of the host laboratory and was the favored synthetic approach. Reaction between maleic anhydride and unsaturated alcohols by a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition leads to bicyclic compounds with a cis ring junction and an endo or exo configuration of the substituent.We showed that the use of propargylic alcohol led to a lactone with an all-cis configuration after cyclobutene reduction, with 3 differentiated functions on the cyclobutane. From allylic alcohol, the compound with an exo configuration was predominantly obtained.From the lactone, endo-cis-4-HM-ACBC derivatives were obtained in 4 steps by functional group transformations although we were unable to access endo-cis-3-HM-ACBC. The compound with an exo configuration led to the 2 regioisomers of exo-cis-HM-ACBC by an easier convergent synthetic pathway. These racemic compounds with an exo configuration were then resolved by use of a chiral oxazolidin-2-one auxiliary or by preparative HPLC on a chiral column.The beta-amino acids needed to be introduced into the target NPY analogues by the German collaborators as dipeptides. We firstly prepared the two dipeptides comprising trans-ACBC. We thereafter prepared dipeptides comprising exo-cis-HM-ACBC in which protecting groups had been adapted to solid phase peptide synthesis
Bouajila, Ezeddine. „Synthèse des 2-carboxylates d'imidazolium : caractérisation et applications en chimie et catalyse organométalliques“. Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarrot, Sébastien. „Carbènes N-Hétérocycliques : Des catalyseurs en chimie des silicones. Carbodiphosphoranes cycliques : Synthèse, coordination et réactivité“. Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a first chapter, we are interested in the use of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes like nucleophilic organic catalysts for ring opening polymerization of octamethylcyclosiloxane and for reactions of polycondensation. In a second chapter, we carry out a bibliographical review on compounds presenting two cumulated ylides functions : carbodiphosphoranes. In a third chapter, we present the synthesis and the coordination of new cyclic carbodiphosphoranes. They are recognized to be strong s-donor ligands for transition metals. In a fourth chapter, we study the thermolysis of one of these compounds which leads by rearrangement to the formation of a 1,2l5-azaphosphète. A theoretical study highlights an inter-conversion between carbodiphosphoranes and disphosphinocarbenes
Amblard, Muriel. „Synthèse et activités biologiques de divers analogues linéaires et cycliques de la cholécystokinine“. Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20293.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHeng, Rama. „Application de la chimie radicalaire des xanthates à la synthèse et à la fonctionnalisation de systèmes cycliques et polycycliques“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00530997.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDemory, Emilien. „Des esters arylboroniques aux arylnitrones : synthèse d'esters arylboroniques et nouvelle réaction d'arylation de nitrones cycliques“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819878.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLejeune, Valérie. „Méthodologie de synthèse de cyclodepsipeptides appliquée à la préparation de banques combinatoires“. Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFournier, Jérémy. „PALLADIUM : REACTIVITE DE CARBONATES DE DIENOLS ALLYLIQUES APPROCHE SYNTHETIQUE DE LA (−)-PATEAMINE A“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00905915.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnxionnat, Bruno. „Synthèse de beta-fluoroamines cycliques par réarrangement de beta-aminoalcools et réactions tandem via des transferts d'hydrogène catalysés par des complexes d'iridium“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066817.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpielmann, Kim. „Synthèse asymétrique de petits cycles et leur réarrangement via des extensions cycliques“. Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENCM0015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript deals with the asymmetrical synthesis of small cyclic compounds and their functionalization. In a first part, the enantioselective synthesis of α,β-unsaturated δ-lactones by a catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Mukaiyama reaction was examined. A multidisciplinary study made possible the elucidation of the whole catalytic cycle. Moreover, thanks to a stereospecific hydrogenolysis of these lactones, the total synthesis of two natural products, (R)-ar-Himachalene and (R)-curcumene, could be achieved.In a second part, a palladocatalyzed (3+2) cycloaddition reaction of vinyl aziridines and cyclopropanes was developed. Thus, highly functionalized imidazolidines and pyrrolidines could be isolated with good yields. Depending on the substrate used, different reaction behaviors could be highlighted. These small cycles can be considered as versatile "building blocks" to access more complex molecules
Ploux, Olivier. „Synthèse d'analogues cycliques de la substance P : études biochimiques et structurales“. Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClaverie, Jérôme. „Polymérisation par métathèse des oléfines cycliques catalysée par des complexes à base de tungstène : cinétique et thermodynamique de la polymérisation et leurs applications à la synthèse du polyacétylène“. Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGelis, Coralie. „Développement de réactions énantiosélectives organocatalysées pour la synthèse de molécules cycliques énantioenrichies“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS430.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of new enantioselective methodologies is essential for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. In this context, we were interested in using organocatalysts for the synthesis of enantioenriched cyclic molecules. In a first part will be describe chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed (3+2), (4+2) and (4+3) formal cycloadditions using enecarbamate or dienecarbamate. These catalysts are bifunctional and can interact with both cycloaddition partners leading to the synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranes, carboannulated benzoquinones, cyclohepta[b]indoles and tetrahydroquinolines with high stereocontrol. In a second phase, we were interested in using chiral hypervalent iodine as organocatalyst. Theses compounds present interesting reactivity while being stable and not very toxic. Their use permits us to develop a lactonisation starting from flexible substrate and led to the synthesis of various heterocycles with good results
Al, Ouahabi Abdelaziz. „Synthèse et propriétés physiques d'oligomères conjugués linéaires à base de phényléthynylènes et cycliques à base de déhydrobenzo(-pyrido)annulènes“. Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first part of this thesis consist in the synthesis of a series of nanosized phenyleneethynylenes sterically insulated from the surrounding environment by multiple functionalization with triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) substituents. The phenyleneethynylenes comprise oligo[n]cruciforms (n = 3-5) and a dehydrotribenzo[12]annulene, the former of which possess para-acyclic and the latter ortho-cyclic electronic conjugation pathways. The X-ray crystal structure of the oligo[3]cruciforms confirmed the sterically isolating properties of the TIPS substituents. A comparison of the physical properties of these electronically differing systems revealed that they were all luminescent upon UV irradiation displayed negligible aggregation in dilute solution and that particular members of the series studied were electrochemically active, undergoing facile reversible reductions. The multiple doping of these oligomers was also effected with potassium and the generated radical anions were caracterised with UV-nearIR absorption spectroscopy, ESR and ENDOR techniques in order to obtain a more fundamental understand electronic delocalisation with these systems. The second part of this work involved the synthesis of dehydropyridoannulenes and a study of their spectroscopic properties and an evaluation of their potential construction of new molecular electronics materials. During an exploration of their metal ion coordination chemistry, we were able to obtain a homologous series of isostructural 2D poly-triangular MnII, CoII, NiII and ZnII coordination networks. The coordination networks are particularly novel in that they exhibite a 2D networked conjugation comprabale to that of the theortical all-carbon polymer graphyne. They also possess structural topology identical to that theortically predicted to exhibit auxetic behavior, and therfore represent the first molecularly engineered examples of such materials
Varray, Stéphane. „Utilisation du support poly(éthylène glycol) dans la synthèse d'aminoacides et de peptides cycliques par métathèse des oléfines“. Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20191.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMirabaud, Anaïs. „Développement d'une chimie hôte-invité pour la valorisation du CO2 via une catalyse éco-compatible“. Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1052/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a key component in organic transformations has recently drawn much attention as a greener alternative to fossil fuel based resources. The objectives of this work aim at studying the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from the coupling of CO2 with epoxide. Numerous catalysts have been proposed for this reaction among which the ammonium halides providing the nucleophile to initiate the reaction by opening the epoxide. Herein, we propose a new approach based on host-guest chemistry, to improve catalytic reactivity by increasing the nucleophilicity of the halide anion. For this purpose, cavitand molecular receptors able to bind quaternary ammonium ions are used, releasing the anionic nucleophile for the initial epoxide ring-opening reaction. At CO2 atmospheric pressure, our catalytic systems demonstrated a great potential by the dramatic activation of tetramethylammonium halides, whereas when used alone, these catalysts had never shown any activity. The influence of the cavitand structure was investigated through experiments run under 10 bar of CO2 pressure, and revealed that a double activation was possible with cavitand bearing Brönsted acidic hydroxyl functions and optimal recognition properties. The heterogeneization of such catalytic systems was finally studied with the grafting of either ammoniums or cavitands on silica based materials
Trolez, Yann. „Multi-rotaxanes cycliques et linéaires assemblés au cuivre(I)Copper(I) templated syntheses and dynamic properties of cyclic and linear multi-rotaxanes : synthèse et propriétés dynamiques“. Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/TROLEZ_Yann_2010.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince some years, many efforts have been made for the functionalisation of rotaxanes. Recently, the synthesis of a [3]rotaxane containing two zinc(II) porphyrins, behaving as an adaptable receptor towards the complexation of bidentate substrates such as 4,4'-bipyridine, has been reported. The association constants with this type of compounds vary with the presence or not of Cu(I) in the system, but in all the studied cases, they are above 106. The PhD work presented here is to improve the system of adaptable receptor. First, the synthesis and the study of two new cyclic [4]rotaxanes assembled with Cu(I), containing or not porphyrins, are reported. These metalated [4]rotaxanes behave as molecular receptors thanks to π-donor/π-acceptor interactions or coordination bonds. Very surprisingly, the porphyrinic [4]rotaxane has completely lost its coordination properties after demetalation because of the collapse of the structure on itself due to the coordination of two of four triazoles belonging to the axles on Zn2+ of the porphyrins. Then, the syntheses and the studies of linear multi-rotaxanes for the elaboration of a symmetrical double molecular shuttle are reported. In extension to this project, a linear [5]rotaxane containing two types of coordinating units, one bidentate and the other tridentate, was synthesized. This compound showed a remarkable selectivity towards the coordination of cations Zn2+ and Li+. Indeed, the addition of two equivalents of each metallic cations induce the quantitative coordination of Zn2+ on the tridentate chelate and Li+ on the bidentate chelate
Chatelet, Bastien. „Aspects non usuels de la chimie des azaphosphatranes et proazaphosphatranes : application en organocatalyse“. Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070639.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFerron, Laurent. „Synthèse, caractérisation et utilisation de cyclopeptides chiraux dans la formation de complexes supramoléculaires“. Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work describes the synthesis of chiral cyclopeptides and the study of their uses in host-guest associations. First, the synthesis of pure enantiomers of a,a-disubstituted glycines derived from a-methyl-a-phenylglycine has been realized. The absolute configuration of this aminoacid derivative has been revisited. This work shows that complexation of the 5-methyl-5-paratolylhydantoine with permethylated b-cyclodextrine occurs with high enantioselectivity. Aminoacids have been protected and then, the efficiency of the coupling with several other residues has been evaluated. The synthesis of cyclic octapeptide cyclo(Gly-(R)-MPG)4 and cyclic nonapeptide cyclo(b-Ala-(Gly-(S)-(aMe)Phg)3-Gly-(S)-MPBrG) has been effected with a global yield of 13%. The cyclization of peptides HCl,H-(Gly-(R)-MPG)n-OH (n=2,4) has been performed via either cyclodimerization or ring closure of linear octapeptide. This work shows that when hindered aminoacids are involved in peptide cyclization, the use of phosphonium salts is recommended. In fact, aminium salts can react with the N-terminal amino component leading to a guanidino derivative. The chemical synthesis of cyclic peptides is more challenging than that of linear peptides. It is usually carried out in highly diluted solution (10-3-10-4M), however we have showed that more concentrated conditions can be used. To the best of our knowledge, both the first solvent-free synthesis of cyclic peptides and in ionic liquids were performed
Paquin, Ludovic. „Etude de l'interaction micro-onde/matière appliquée à la synthèse sans solvant de nouveaux cyclohexènes et nitrocyclohexanols par réaction MIMIRC“. Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrelet, Danielle. „Ouverture d'époxydes par la triphénylphosphine en milieu phénolique“. Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20244.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLamarzelle, Océane. „Design of original vegetable oil-based cyclic carbonates and amines towards Poly(HydroxyUrethane)s“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0267/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, vegetable oils were used as a platform to design original cyclic carbonates and amines with the goal to synthesize fully bio-based poly(hydroxyurethane)s. On the one hand, two routes to fatty acid-based amines were implemented in mild conditions. First, the oxidation of aliphatic alcohols into nitriles was performed under air in the presence of supported TEMPO on silica, followed by hydrogenation of nitrile compounds into corresponding amines. Second, thiol-ene chemistry was performed on unsaturated fatty acid substrates to design original aliphatic bio-based diamines. On the other hand, substituted 5-membered cyclic carbonates were designed from fatty acids and glycerol derivatives to enhance their reactivity towards aminolysis. By inserting ether, thio-ether or ester functionalities in α- or β-position of the cyclic carbonates, their reactivity towards amines could be tuned. Investigations on the selectivity, side reactions and catalysis of the carbonate-amine reaction were carried out to apprehend this route to non-isocyanate polyurethanes. Fully vegetable oil-based PHUs with tunable physico-chemical properties with respect to the monomer structures could be easily achieved
Braun, Marie-Gabrielle. „Applications de la chimie radicalaire des xanthates : Synthèse d'alpha céto vinyl carbinols. Synthèse stéréosélective de sulfones vinyliques et d'alcènes. Induction de la chiralité sur des systèmes cycliques. Approche à la synthèse des sesquiterpènes de type eudesmane. Approche à la synthèse du (+)-Maritimol“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/65/24/41/PDF/Partie_thA_orique_ThA_se_MGB.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of my first project was to synthesize α-keto vinyl carbinols using xanthate radical chemistry. The sequence starts with the addition of an α-keto radical generated from the corresponding O-ethyl xanthate to vinyl ethyl sulfide. The xanthate adduct undergoes pyrolytic elimination, leading to a mixture of vinylic sulfides and allylic sulfides. The sequence ends with the irreversible Mislow-Evans rearrangement of the corresponding allylic sulfoxides to give the desired α-keto vinyl carbinol moiety. My second project deals with the development of a new methodology for the transfer of chirality by the use of an all carbon tether. Using the xanthate transfer process, we have developed an efficient approach to the stereocontrolled formation of carbon-carbon bonds. A methyl ketone is used as a temporary tether for an alpha-xanthanyl ketone moiety. A xanthanyl radical transfer from this group enables difunctionalization of proximal alkenes with complete control of the stereochemistry. The substrates for this transformation include 4-acetylcyclohexenes conveniently generated by Diels-Alder reactions. The approach shares some features with Stork's silicon-tethered radical cyclization method. Nevertheless, the successful use of 6-exo cyclization and also functionalization of tri- and tetra-substituted olefins is made possible thanks to the reversible nature of xanthate transfer reactions. Quaternary stereogenic centers can therefore be generated in a stereocontrolled manner. The original radical transfer process can be used as a platform for further carbon-carbon bond formation. In addition, the original methyl ketone is regenerated using a modified Beckman fragmentation reaction. I have also been working towards the development of a new methodology that allows the introduction of an unsaturation in a controlled manner. (E)-Vinylsulfones can be synthesized with excellent diastereoselectivity with the use of xanthates and simple aldehydes and ketones and then converted selectively into (E) and (Z) disubstituted and trisubstituted alkenes. My last project concerns the total synthesis of the (+)-Maritimol using radical reactions to build quickly the diterpenoid scaffold. I am currently working on the construction of the fourth and last cycle using a Robinson annelation. I have had previous experience with the total synthesis of natural products during the first year of my Ph. D. At that time, I successfully synthesized the C16-C30 fragment of the Dolabelide C
Petroff, Saint-Arroman Romain. „Application de la chimie organométallique de surface à la déperoxydation de l'hydroperoxyde de cyclohexyle : synthèse et caractérisation de catalyseurs hétérogènes au tantale supporté sur silice“. Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Idrissi Nouaamane. „Novel nanocellulose-supported catalysts for carbon dioxide valorisation, ring-opening polymerisation and reduction reactions“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2023/2023ULILR068.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of functionalised nanocellulose as catalyst support has become topical in recent years, making it possible to reduce production costs and minimise the production of harmful toxic waste. This encourages the use of renewable resources by offering a greener alternative to traditional toxic catalysts while maintaining high catalytic performances. This thesis focuses on the conception of novel functionalized nanocellulose-based catalysts, which can be used in various chemical fields such as organic synthesis, CO2 conversion and ring-opening polymerization.In this study, a novel Co0/TEMPO-Cellulose biohybrid aerogel was prepared by a simple and green method. The structure of Co0/TEMPO-Cellulose aerogels was studied by TEM, SEM/EDX, FT-IR, DRX and XPS. These analyses show the formation of metallic cobalt (Co0) nanoparticles, indicate their immobilisation on the catalytic support and confirm their nanometric size (d < 4 nm). The catalytic activity of the aerogel was significantly higher than that of unsupported cobalt particles for the reduction of nitroarenes, due to the good dispersion of the Co0 nanoparticles on the catalytic support. The recyclability of the aerogel was studied, the catalyst retaining good catalytic activity even after 11 cycles without any significant loss of efficiency.In the continuation of our research on the conception of innovative and recyclable catalysts, 1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) is chemically immobilized on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) to form a novel heterogeneous nanocatalyst (TBD-CNC) for the production of cyclic carbonates by the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides without the use of metals or halogens. The prepared catalysts were characterized by solid-state 13C NMR, FT-IR, XRD and elemental analysis to confirm TBD grafting onto CNC surface. TBD-CNC exhibited higher catalytic performance compared to the homogeneous mTBD catalyst possibly due to hydrogen bond co-activation. Under optimized reaction conditions, TBD-CNC efficiently converted the investigated mono-substituted and di-substituted epoxides, selectively producing the corresponding cyclic carbonates in high yields. Moreover, it is easily recovered by centrifugation and can be reused at least five times without losing its catalytic efficiency.TBD-CNC was also evaluated in the ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate (TMC), offering a promising alternative to traditional metal catalysts. The reaction was carried out in the presence of benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as co-initiator and TBD-CNC as organocatalyst. The prepared catalyst showed good catalytic performance for this polymerization, producing poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) with a high molar mass (Mn = 19 100 g.mol-1) and good dispersion (DM = 1.4).Copolymerization of CO2 with oxetane is a promising approach for the direct production of PTMC, the combination of iodine and TBD-CNC as a binary catalyst system proved successful for the synthesis of PTMC oligomers from CO2, achieving satisfactory levels of carbonate linkage (73% selectivity).The results of this work could be extended beyond these reactions, as similar catalytic systems can be developed for a wide range of chemical reactions, thus addressing green chemistry concerns related to environmental impact, economic efficiency and sustainable development.Keywords: nanocellulose, cobalt nanoparticles, nitroarenes reduction, TBD, CO2 valorisation, ring-opening polymerisation, cyclic carbonate, polycarbonate, recyclability
Balas, Matthieu. „Sustainable catalytic process for the one-pot formation of cyclic carbonates through oxidation of alkenes and CO2 cycloaddition“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive reaction for the synthesis of styrene carbonate from styrene in the presence of CO2 and a clean oxidant: O2. Salophen-R-M (R = Me2N, Et2N, tBu and M = Mn, Ni and Cr) catalysts were synthesized and their co-catalytic activity for the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 on styrene oxide was evaluated in the presence of Bu4NBr; Salophen-Me2N-Cr showed the best results: 99% yield obtained after 3h at 80°C. Salophen-R-M complexes were grafted onto mesoporous silica {NH2}-SBA-15 by covalent bonding. In parallel, the binding of quaternary ammonium salts was optimized by ex-situ grafting on SBA-OH. These catalytic materials were tested for the formation of styrene carbonate, with yields higher than those obtained in solution thanks to the synergy effect linked to the presence of silanols. The Salophen-Me2N-Cr catalyst was tested in the Mukaiyama epoxidation reaction of styrene in the presence of O2. A 50% yield of styrene oxide was obtained under reaction conditions similar to those used in cycloaddition. The overall reaction was performed in the presence of Bu4NBr and Salophen-Me2N -Cr catalysts at 80°C under 3.5 bar O2 and 11 bar CO2. A maximum yield of styrene carbonate of 31% was obtained after a two-step reaction of oxidation (3h) and cycloaddition (20h)
Duplan, Vincent. „High-throughput synthesis of chemical libraries based on families of natural bioactive substances“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAF030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNatural products have played a key role in the search for new drugs. These bioactive molecules can also be used as probes in biological studies and expand our knowledge of the mechanisms involved. Nevertheless, the large majority of chemical libraries currently synthesized in pharmaceutical companies or in academic research centers consist of heterocyclic scaffolds which cover a small part of the available chemical space (1060 molecules below 500 Da). In this dissertation, we describe the synthesis of new libraries based on natural product scaffolds. They present a high level of complexity and diversity. Creative strategies used to quickly generate these libraries have been developed during this PhD such as the divergent synthesis of new polycyclic scaffolds catalyzed by transition metals, the synthesis of terpene derivatives functionalized in order to modulate their biological activity, and the PNA encoded synthesis of small molecules libraries
Alves, Margot. „Carbon dioxide and vegetable oil for the synthesis of bio-based polymer precursors“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0129/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough it is a thermodynamically and kinetically stable molecule, carbon dioxide can beconverted into five- and six-membered cyclic carbonates by coupling with epoxides or oxetanes, respectively, using appropriate catalysts. Cyclic carbonates are used as green solvents, electrolytes for Liion batteries or intermediates for the synthesis of polymers. However, the catalytic performance must be further enhanced in particular for the coupling of CO2 with epoxidized vegetable oils or oxetanes. In this context, we developed a new highly efficient bicomponent homogeneous organocatalyst composed of anammonium salt as the catalyst and fluorinated single or double hydrogen bond donors as co-catalysts. First,a screening of onium-based catalysts and hydrogen-bond donors was performed. Performances of thecatalysts and optimization of the reaction was realized through detailed kinetics studies using in-situ FTIR/Raman spectroscopy under pressure. We demonstrated that fluorinated alcohols showed unexpected co-catalytic activity due to synergisms between the onium salt and fluorinated co-catalysts enabling the fast and selective addition of CO2 on to model epoxides and epoxidized vegetable oils under solvent-free and mild experimental conditions. The use of this powerful dual catalyst was then extended to the first organocatalytic coupling of CO2 with less reactive oxetanes to produce hydroxyl telechelic oligocarbonates that were used asprecursor of CO2-based polyurethanes by chain-extension with a diisocyanate. In addition, a fine comprehension of the mechanisms was investigated by DFT calculations highlighting that the co-catalytic performance of the onium salt/fluorinated alcohol binary catalyst arose from the strong stabilization of the intermediates and transitions states by hydrogen-bonding. To date, through comparative studies, we evidenced that this new catalyst is one
Zhang, Wei. „Total synthesis of biologically relevant natural products in the diketopiperazine and oxepine series : oxidative functionalizations and oxa-Cope rearrangement studies“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS433.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiomimetic synthesis, inspired by direct and fast biosynthetic processes, is an efficient way to produce complex natural products. This thesis doctoral work focused on the development of collective strategies, from biomimetic intermediates, to get a quick access to three families of diketopiperazines: gliocladrides (functionalized DKPs), quinazolino-DKPs and oxepino-DKPs. The late-stage chemical oxidation reactions and microbial transformations on the two first intermediates were envisaged to synthesize gliocladrid A and oxepino-DKPs. A regioselective late-stage oxidation operated by DDQ was discovered, bringing new synthetic possibilities to make aurantiomides in a collective manner. An alternative methodology to synthesize oxepino-DKPs was investigated in the meantime. A temperature-controlled tandem cyclopropanation/oxa-Cope rearrangement was developed successfully to prepare 2,5-dihydrooxepines. This method was afterwards elucidated by experimental and computational (DFT) studies and further applied as the key step to finish the intractable total synthesis of radulanins. This oxa-Cope rearrangement approach also led to achieve the installation of 2,5-dihydrooxepine DKP, getting close to the accomplishment of the total synthesis of cinereain
Heinrich, Clément. „Des alcynyl-cétones fonctionnalisées : vers la synthèse de squelettes carbonés originaux“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work described in this manuscript involved the reactivity of keto-3-keto-alkynoates and and keto-sulfonamides. Keto-3-alkynoates led to bi- or tricyclic allenoates in the presence of a catalytic amount of cesium carbonate. Cyclization proceeds in a totally stereoselective manner in the case of the two-carbon linker chain. A one-pot reaction starting from alkynyl ketones afforded tricyclic fused ring systems with good yields. Enantiomerically enriched, oxidized, conjugated or non-conjugated jasmonate derivatives were obtained through 3-alkynoates, in particular (-)-12-COOH-JA and (-)-12-COOH-JA-Ile found in wounded leaves. The availability of those synthetic compounds allowed deeper exploration of the complex regulation of JA-Ile hormone homeostasis and unraveled an oxidative and a hydrolytic pathway. Aza-bicyclo[n.m.1]alkanone frameworks could be obtained when keto-sulfonylynamides were treated under silver catalysis. This formal Conia-ene reaction was compatible with various cycloalkanones, as well as a wide range of functionalized ynamides