Dissertationen zum Thema „Carbonate de lithium“
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Kruesi, William H. „The electrowinning of lithium from chloride-carbonate melts“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHirata, Kazuhisa. „Studies on Carbonate-Free Electrolytes Based on Lithium Bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide for Lithium-Ion Batteries“. Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263358.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLebrun, Nathalie. „Étude du comportement électrochimique du lithium en milieu carbonate de propylène“. Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Van Khu. „Préparation par voie électrochimique de nano-poudres de carbone en milieu carbonates alcalins fondus“. Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePonnuchamy, Veerapandian. „Towards A Better Understanding of Lithium Ion Local Environment in Pure, Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Carbonate Solvents : A Numerical Approach“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENY004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to the increasing global energy demand, eco-friendly and sustainable green resources including solar, or wind energies must be developed, in order to replace fossil fuels. These sources of energy are unfortunately discontinuous, being correlated with weather conditions and their availability is therefore strongly fluctuating in time. As a consequence, large-scale energy storage devices have become fundamental, to store energy on long time scales with a good environmental compatibility. Electrochemical energy conversion is the key mechanism for alternative power sources technological developments. Among these systems, Lithium-ion (Li+) batteries (LIBs) have demonstrated to be the most robust and efficient, and have become the prevalent technology for high-performance energy storage systems. These are widely used as the main energy source for popular applications, including laptops, cell phones and other electronic devices. The typical LIB consists of two (negative and positive) electrodes, separated by an electrolyte. This plays a very important role, transferring ions between the electrodes, therefore providing the electrical current. This thesis work focuses on the complex materials used as electrolytes in LIBs, which impact Li-ion transport properties, power densities and electrochemical performances. Usually, the electrolyte consists of Li-salts and mixtures of organic solvents, such as cyclic or linear carbonates. It is therefore indispensable to shed light on the most important structural (coordination) properties, and their implications on transport behaviour of Li+ ion in pure and mixed solvent compositions. We have performed a theoretical investigation based on combined density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, and have focused on three carbonates, cyclic ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC), and linear dimethyl carbonate (DMC). DFT calculations have provided a detailed picture for the optimized structures of isolated carbonate molecules and Li+ ion, including pure clusters Li+(S)n (S=EC, PC, DMC and n=1-5), mixed binary clusters, Li+(S1)m(S2)n (S1, S2 =EC, PC, DMC, with m+n=4), and ternary clusters Li+(EC)l(DMC)m(PC)n with l+m+n=4. Pure solvent clusters were also studied including the effect of PF6- anion. We have investigated in details the structure of the coordination shell around Li+ for all cases. Our results show that clusters such as Li+(EC)4, Li+(DMC)4 and Li+(PC)3 are the most stable, according to Gibbs free energy values, in agreement with previous experimental and theoretical studies. The calculated Gibbs free energies of reactions in binary mixtures suggest that the addition of EC and PC molecules to the Li+-DMC clusters are more favourable than the addition of DMC to Li+-EC and Li+-PC clusters. In most of the cases, the substitution of solvent to binary mixtures are unfavourable. In the case of ternary mixtures, the DMC molecule cannot replace EC and PC, while PC can easily substitute both EC and DMC molecules. Our study shows that PC tends to substitute EC in the solvation shell. We have complemented our ab-initio studies by MD simulations of a Li-ion when immersed in the pure solvents and in particular solvents mixtures of interest for batteries applications, e.g. , EC:DMC (1:1) and EC:DMC:PC(1:1:3). MD is a very powerful tool and has allowed us to clarify the relevance of the cluster structures discovered by DFT when the ion is surrounded by bulk solvents. Indeed, DFT provides information about the most stable structures of isolated clusters but no information about their stability or multiplicity (entropy) when immersed in an infinite solvent environment. The MD data, together the DFT calculations have allowed us to give a very comprehensive picture of the local structure of solvent mixtures around Lithium ion, which substantially improve over previous work
Martin, Gunther. „Lithiumgewinnung aus Primärrohstoffen unter Verwendung elektrodialytischer Verfahren“. Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-229579.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStaněk, Vladimír. „Vlastnosti aprotických elektrolytů pro lithno-iontové akumulátory“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarriott, Caedmon. „Lithium and calcium isotope fractionation and Li/Ca ratio incorporation into calcium carbonate as potential geochemical proxies“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418477.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHee-Youb, Song. „In Situ Probe Microscopic Studies on Graphite Electrodes for Lithium-ion Batteries“. 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217175.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKiemde, Abdoul Fattah. „Development of direct boron extraction process from the salar de Hombre Muerto (Argentina) brines within the framework of battery-grade lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) production“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleContinental brines as those of the salar de Hombre Muerto in the northwest Argentina are important resources of dissolved salts which could potentially be extracted economically for industrial purposes, particularly in the production of lithium-ion batteries. However, the extraction of lithium salts from brines is accompanied by the production of huge amounts of solid waste including mixed salts of sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, chlorides and boron. In the current facilities, lithium is processed from brines concentrated by solar evaporation without significant co-valorization of these salts. In some facilities, boron is extracted by highly soluble alcohols within the brines with co-extraction of lithium. When it is not co-valorized, boron is stored as well as sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium in stockpiles with potential environmental concerns. Hence, development of new processes is mandatory to bypass solar evaporation and reduce industrial waste. Furthermore, it can be even envisaged to co-valorize some of these salts such as boron that can be used in agriculture, nuclear, detergent, pharmaceutical, glass and ceramic industries. In this context, this research delves into the development of direct boron and lithium extraction from the salar de Hombre Muerto brines by combining solvent extraction and electrodialysis process in order to valorize boron and produce high-grade lithium carbonate for lithium-ion batteries. Extraction solvent composed of 2 mol L⁻¹ 2-butyl-1-octanol in kerosene was employed to selectively extract 94.2% boron from a native brine of the salar de Hombre Muerto in four mixers-settlers at pH=7.5, phase volume ratio O/A=4 and 25 °C. Then, the boron-loaded extraction solvent was fully stripped by 0.1 mol L⁻¹ sodium hydroxide at phase volume ratio O/A=4 and 25 °C. This highly selective and efficient extractant allowed to crystallize boron as borax (Na₂B₄O₇•2H₂O, purity=99%). Solvent extraction of boron was successfully implemented in a three-stage process combining electrodialysis and precipitation operations leading to the production of high-grade borax, high-grade lithium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. Each of three stages was composed of three compartments in which water was reduced in the cathodic compartment and oxidized in the anodic compartment. By combining electrodialysis and precipitation via the hydroxide anions (OH−) produced in the cathodic compartment, stage I enabled magnesium production as magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂). Stages II and III combined electrodialysis and precipitation employing carbon dioxide (CO2). Therefore, sodium and lithium were produced as sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃). Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) were successively produced along the process with purities of 71.2%, 99.99% and 99.9%, respectively. Most importantly, combining solvent extraction of boron and electrodialysis contributed to reduce the energy consumption by 32%. At the end of the process, the total dissolved solid (TDS) of the brine was decreased by 99.8%. This brine depleted of salts can be recycled in the process
Bouineau, Vincent. „Expérimentation et modélisation des réactions de décomposition isotherme et isobare des solides. Application au sulfate de lithium monohydrate et au carbonate de calcium“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841842.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTUDELA, RIBES ANTONIO. „Effet de quelques surfactifs fluores anioniques sur le comportement de l'anode de lithium dans les milieux organiques a base de carbonate de propylene“. Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066451.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJones, Jessica C. „Atomic Layer Deposition of H-BN(0001) on Transition Metal Substrates, and In Situ XPS Study of Carbonate Removal from Lithium Garnet Surfaces“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703333/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJean, Malick. „Etude de la formation de la couche de passivation sur un coke-lithie en milieu carbonate. Application a la comprehension des phenomenes auto decharge dans les generateurs a ions-lithium“. Evry-Val d'Essonne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EVRY0037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDehiwala, Liyanage Chamathka H. „In-situ scanning tunneling microscopy studies of the SEI formation on graphite anodes in propylene carbonate“. The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574502965210263.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChhor, Sarine. „Etude et modélisation de l'interface graphite/électrolyte dans les batteries lithium-ion“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI067/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work relates to the lithium ion battery field. The purpose of this study is tobetter understand the behavior of graphite electrodes by focusing on the formationof a passive layer named Solid Electolyte Interface (SEI) which is formed at thegraphite/electrolyte interface. This work has led us to put forward models whichcan explain the SEI formation and identify the reactions which take place in alithium ion battery.The SEI results from reactions between graphite electrode, lithium ions and organicmolecules from the electrolyte during the first charge of the lithium ion battery. It ismainly composed of decomposition products from the electrolyte. Consumed lithiumions can no longer be used in the next cycle. The SEI is therefore responsible for theirreversible capacity during the first formation cycle which is the charge loss betweenthe intercalation process and the deintercalation process. It is necessary to betterunderstand the impact of the formation conditions and other parameters in orderto control and limit the irreversible charge loss. Lithium ion battery performancesdepend on this irreversible capacity, this value has to be reduced in order to maximizethe amount of exchanged lithium ions between negative and positive electrodes. TheSEI stability will determine the electrode behavior upon cycling.In this thesis, we chose to study the graphite behavior by testing several electrolytecompositions and graphite particle sizes in electrochemical cells similar to areal battery. Electrochemical techniques (galvanostatic cycling and electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy) and surface analyses (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy) will be combined. These results helped us to developa new model of the SEI formation.For the electrolyte, we chose to study the effect of the solvent (propylene carbonate)and the additive (vinylene carbonate). Both components are commonly used inthe electrolyte for commercial lithium ion batteries. For the graphite electrode, thechoice of graphite particles is essential because each graphite family has its ownsurface chemistry (basal and prismatic surfaces) which can react in many wayswith the electrolyte. Two graphite particles, with specific sizes and morphologiesare studied. They are separately used as active materials for negative electrodes inlithium ion batteries. Our unique approach is to prepare graphite electrodes basedon a mix of both particles with various compositions and then test the electrode225performances. After testing several formation conditions such as the cycling rateand the temperature, we found the ideal formation conditions for minimizing theelectrolyte decomposition and optimizing the film quality.Finally, based on all the characterization methods, we came to a better understandingof the film formation process. In this way, we have improved this essentialpreliminary step which can now lead to more durable cycling performances overtime. This study can have a major impact on the industrial level. The formationmodel cast a new light on the formation process and can therefore help to makeefficient graphite electrodes
Štichová, Zuzana. „Kapalné elektrolyty pro lithno-iontové akumulátory“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218934.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKaplan, Benjamin. „Synthèse, structure et propriétés électrochimiques de matériaux d'électrodes pour accumulateurs lithium-ion“. Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066195.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePelikán, Ondřej. „Elektrolyty s obsahem retardéru hoření na bázi fosforu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaute, Jonas Alex Morales. „Aspectos clínicos e bioquímicos da Doença de Machado-Joseph : da descrição de novos biomarcadores à busca de um tratamento efetivo“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/133203.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBackground: Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is caused by a CAG repeat expansion at ATXN3 gene, leading to progressive degeneration of multiple neurological systems. MJD/SCA3 is an invariably progressive disorder, with no current treatment. Objectives: To describe new disease biomarkers, non-motor aspects and to define the clinical SCA scales to be utilized as main outcomes in future randomized controlled trials (RCT) on MJD/SCA3. And further assess safety and effectiveness of lithium carbonate in reducing the progression of this condition. Methods: We performed a case-control study to evaluate: 1) the relation of MJD/SCA3 depressive symptoms, through Beck depression Inventory (BDI), with other clinical and molecular findings; 2) the Body Mass Index (BMI) of MJD/SCA3 patients and the correlation with other clinical, molecular and neuroimaging findings; and 3) the Insulin/IGF-1 system (IIS) in MJD/SCA3 and the possible biomarker properties of its components. We further performed a systematic review on the psychometric properties of the described SCAs scales in order to initiate the double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 clinical trial. 62 independently ambulatory MJD/SCA3 patients with ≤ 10 years of disease duration were randomly assigned in the RCT (1:1) to lithium (0.5-0.8mEq/L) or placebo. Results: BDI scores were higher in MJD/SCA3 patients (p= 0.012), with significant correlations only with the scales SARA (R=0.359, p=0.01) and NESSCA (R=0.412, p=0.003). MJD/SCA3 patients (N=46) presented lower BMI (24.4 ± 4.1) than control individuals (N=42, 27.1± 4.5, p=0.01). BMI correlated inversely with the length of the expanded CAG repeat (CAGn). We found higher peripheral sensitivity to insulin (HOMA2-%S, p=0.003, corrected for BMI) and serum levels of the IGF-1 binding protein, IGFBP-1 (p=0.001) in MJD/SCA3. IGFBP-1 correlated with CAGn (R=0.452; p = 0.006) and insulin sensitivity with the age of disease onset (R=-0.444; P = 0.003). In the systematic review we concluded that the semiquantitative SCA scales SARA and NESSCA and the quantitative instruments SCAFI and CCFS would be the most appropriate outcomes for the RCT. After 24 weeks, there were no differences in the number of adverse events in lithium (50.3%) and placebo (40.7%) groups (p=1.00) in the RCT. The placebo group presented a non-significant faster progression on NESSCA (0.35 points, 95% CI -1.0 to 1.7, p=0.612, primary effectiveness outcome) and SARA (0.96 points, 95% CI -0.46 to 2.38, p=0.186), after 48 weeks of treatment. Gait ataxia severity (p=0.008), the quantitative performance tasks: PATA rate (p=0.002) and Click Test ND (p=0.023), and the composite scores SCAFI (p=0.015) and CCFS (p=0.029) presented a slower progression under lithium therapy in the overall 48 weeks period. Conclusion: These studies added to the understanding of depressive and nutritional manifestations of MJD/SCA3 and points IGFBP-1 as a biomarker and peripheral insulin sensitivity as a disease phenotype modifier. The effectiveness of lithium carbonate treatment shown in secondary outcomes of the RCT opened a perspective for an effective therapy for this untreatable disorder that must be confirmed by large multicentric clinical trials.
Naejus, Régine. „Étude d'électrolytes pour accumulateurs lithium-carbone dans les solvants organiques de type carbonates (PC/EC/DMC), purs ou en mélanges“. Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR4017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGéniès, Sylvie. „Étude de la passivation de l'électrode carbone-lithium“. Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBridel, Jean-Sébastien. „Optimisation de composites silicium-polymère-carbone pour électrodes négatives d’accumulateurs lithium-ion“. Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0125.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBatteries, in particular lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, are energy storage devices that are suitable for portable applications and support the need of using intrinsically diffuse/intermittent renewable energy sources. To increase the energy density, the use of elements, which can form alloys with lithium, is a promising approach currently investigated in order to replace the carbon intercalation materials in negative electrodes. Silicon is the most attractive element thanks to its ability to deliver more than 3500 mAh/g, corresponding to the formation of the Li3. 75Si alloy. Nevertheless, its implementation encounters the difficulty due to the significant volume change, inherent to the alloys formation (250 % for Si => Li3. 75Si). This further leads to a loss of electric percolation and electrode cohesion. Among the various approaches proposed to limit these effects, the most promising one is to combine the optimization of the electrode processing and the selection of suitable polymer binders. For this purpose, salts of CMC (CarboxyMethylCellulose) are very promising as they can provide high capacities and good retention. However, it is essential to understand both the binder-active material interactions and the role of the polymer chains conformation. The synthesis of different CMC (enriched or not with 13C) and other derived polymers, coupled with various characterization techniques (NMR, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, complex impedance spectroscopy, imaging) and electrode constructions either by evaporation or by solidification-sublimation allowed to establish relations between a few macroscopic characteristics of composites Si-carbon-polymer (porosity,…), a few molecular characteristics (conformation of the polymer, the interaction polymer-particles,…) and the electrochemical performance. The electrochemical degradation of the electrolyte as well as its macroscopic behaviour upon cycling were also investigated. Owing to a better understanding of the electrode mechanisms, we successfully prepared new composites having exceptional electrochemical performances (i. E. Capacity higher than 3000 mAh/g during more than 100 cycles with a columbic efficiency of 99. 9 %). This pioneering work opens new prospects that may be relevant to other metals (e. G. Sn, Ge, etc. ) and polymers
Krejza, Ondřej. „Gelové polymerní elektrolyty pro elektrochromní prvky“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233503.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJaumann, Tony. „Zur Degradation und Optimierung von nanostrukturierten Siliciumanoden in Lithium-Ionen- und Lithium-Schwefel-Batterien“. Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-217655.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe results of this work provide a better understanding about the cyclic aging of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NP) as anode material in Lithium-ion- and Lithium-sulfur batteries. Subject of investigation was the influence of particle size, electrode design and electrolyte composition on the electrochemical reversibility of Si-NP for lithium storage. The main characterization techniques used in this study were XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS combined with electrochemical analysis and in situ synchrotron XRD. Bare silicon nanoparticles ranging from 5 – 20 nm and silicon nanoparticles embedded within a porous carbon scaffold were prepared through a cost-effective and novel synthesis technique including the hydrolysis of trichlorosilane as feedstock. The dominant degradation mechanism of these silicon nanoparticles was identified to be the continuous growth the solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI). Other phenomena such as pulverisation or new evolving crystalline phases are excluded. It was found that a reduction of the particle size from 20 nm to 5 nm increases the reversibility due to a thicker and therewith more stable SEI. The deposition of the silicon nanoparticles into a porous carbon scaffold caused a significant improvement of the reversibility at constant carbon content. The effect of the electrolyte additives Fluoroethylene carbonate and Vinylene carbonate was analysed in detail. Furthermore, typical electrolyte compositions used for lithium-sulfur-batteries were tested and studied. Si-Li-S (SLS) full cells were demonstrated which outperform conventional lithium-sulfur batteries in terms of life time. The systematic analysis and the rational optimization process of the particle size, electrode design and electrolyte composition allowed to provide a nanostructured silicon electrode with a specific capacity of up to 1280 mAh/g(Electrode) and 81 % capacity retention after 500 deep discharge cycles. Reversible areal capacities of 5 mAh/cm^2 at 4.4 mg/cm^2 electrode weight were demonstrated
Chevallier, Frédéric. „Insertion électrochimique du lithium dans des carbones désordonnés“. Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGeoffroy, Isabelle. „Nouveaux électrolytes à base de N-methyl sydnone (NMS) ou de carbonates d'alkyle dissymétriques (ACS) pour accumulateurs à ion lithium“. Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR4010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlfarra, Ahmad. „Electrosorption réversible du lithium et d'autres ions sur carbones activés“. Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeschamps, Marc. „Contribution à l'étude de l'électrode carbone-lithium en milieu électrolyte polymère“. Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoppey, Nicolas. „Nanotubes de carbone décorés par CVD en lit fluidisé : application en batterie lithium-ion“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/10278/1/coppey.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGervillie, Charlotte. „Composite carbone/SnO2 fluoré comme matériau d’électrode négative pour les accumulateurs lithium-ion“. Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work proposes solutions to stabilize the electrochemical performances of SnO2-based negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. First of all, the influence of SnO2 nanostructuration and inherent defects on electrochemical performances are studied. Then, carbon/SnO2 composites are synthesized to contain the volume expansion and the influence of the dimensionality of the carbonaceous matrix (1D, 2D, 3D) on the electrochemical performances is demonstrated. Finally, the surface of the material is fluorinated using either molecular fluorination by F2(g) or radical fluorination by thermal decomposition of XeF2(s). The stability of the interface between the material and the electrolyte is then improved and excellent electrochemical properties are obtained
Saint, Juliette. „Matériaux d'électrode négative pour accumulateurs à ions lithium : étude des systèmes binaires Li-Ga et Li-B et des composites silicium-carbone“. Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0530.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKamaleddine, Hanine. „Fonctionnalisation de Nanotubes pour la fabrication de batteries Lithium/Soufre et Lithium/Organique“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASF008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLithium/organic batteries are receiving a lot of attention for energy storage. The interest of these batteries lies in their organic electrode materials, prepared from abundant, inexpensive and easily recyclable precursors. However, organic materials have two major disadvantages: their dissolution in organic electrolytes and their low electronic conductivity.The work carried out during this thesis aims at developing organic active materials for the positive electrodes of lithium batteries. In order to overcome the problematics of active material dissolution and poor electronic conductivity, the strategy is to graft covalently the electroactive molecules onto carbon nanotubes, via the chemical reduction of diazonium salts.The first part of this thesis is devoted to the grafting of anthraquinone active material onto different carbon electrodes, and their chemical and electrochemical characterizations. A detailed study of the chemical grafting procedure is carried out to better understand the grafting process and its limitations.In the second part of this thesis, other electroactive molecules (phenanthrenequinone, naphthoquinone, benzoquinone and a molecule containing disulfide bonds) are synthesized and grafted onto nanotubes. The results show that the rate of grafting onto nanotubes is low regardless of the nature of the grafted electroactive molecule
Eker, Yasin. „Stockage électrochimique du lithium dans les carbones désordonnés et dans les composites carbone/silicium“. Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoez, Charlotte. „Étude des propriétés électrochimiques de nouveaux matériaux nanostructurés à base de fer préparés par chimie douce et utilisables comme électrode positive d'accumulateurs au lithium“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the search for new positive electrode materials for lithium batteries, iron compounds are interesting due to their low cost and toxicity. For this purpose, b-FeOOH, g-FeOOH and LiFePO4 were studied. For oxyhydroxides, direct addition of acetylene black or carbon nanotubes (for the improvement of the electronic conductivity) was developed, which leads to non-uniform deposition and isolation of the grains, unfavorable for lithium insertion. A partial substitution of iron by cobalt was performed (improvement of the ionic conductivity). A stabilization of the exchangeable quantity of lithium is obtained with an optimum. For LiFePO4, several synthesis modes were performed (hydrothermal, mechanical activation, coprecipitation) to obtain different particles sizes. The electronic conductivity is enhanced by generation of a carbon layer onto the particles from thermal degradation of a carbohydrate. It appears that the finest the particles are, the best the insertion is. Crystallographic structural defects (observed by magnetic measurements) are favorable. The effect of carbon coating was studied with different carbon sources (starch, cellulose, carbon nanotubes, polyacrilonitril). The best compromise is achieved with cellulose: sp2 form (conductive carbon), covering (good electron percolation) and homogeneous (non rough surface)
Fei, Yao. „Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as an Anode for Lithium Ion Battery“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/96/79/13/PDF/20130912_Fei_YAO_thesis_Ecole_submission.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis work, carbon-based nanomaterials using as an anode for lithium ion battery have been generally investigated. Compared to typical micron-sized carbon materials, nanosized carbon materials exhibited great potentials not only in practical anode application but also in the fundamental science exploration of Li ion diffusion. In the case of practical application, one dimensional carbon nanofibers (CNFs) fabricated by electrospinning was prepared for anode material. The structure involves neither a metal substrate nor binders and therefore eventually benefited the capacity and long term stability. Yet, the energy density is still limited to 370 mAh/g of conventional carbon. In order to improve the capacity of raw carbon nanofibers, silicon, a high Li storage material, was incorporated by electrochemical deposition. The resulted Si/CNF mat improved clearly the capacity of carbon materials more than twice for most of cases. In the case of fundamental study, chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-synthesized two dimensional graphene was chosen to be a media to reveal the diffusion pathways of Li ion. Compared to typical graphite which contains both basal and edge planes, a well defined basal plane with large area can be realized in graphene to provide a comprehensive picture of lithium diffusion mechanism. We have discovered that electrochemical reaction of electrode (substrate/graphene) not only is related to the number of graphene layers but also relies on the defect sites on the basal plane of graphene. Combing the experimental results and density functional theory calculations, we proved that basal plane hindered lithium ion diffusion with a high diffusion barrier height, whereas divacancies and higher order defects can be shortcuts for lithium ion diffusion
Sourice, Julien. „Synthèse de nanocomposites cœur-coquille silicium carbone par pyrolyse laser double étage : application à l’anode de batterie lithium-ion“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112166/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe replacement of carbon graphite, the commercial anode material in Li-ion batteries, by silicon is one of the most promising strategies to increase the capacity of anode in these devices. However, micrometric silicon suffers from strong degradation effect while cycling. The volume expansion of the lithiated particles and the direct contact between the active material and the solvents induce the continuous formation and pulverization of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) leading to the rapid fading of the capacity. Many research groups suggest decreasing the size of the particle to the nanoscale where pulverization of the particles is almost inexistent. Furthermore, the formation of a carbon shell around these silicon nanoparticles is cited as the most efficient way to isolate the material from the direct contact with the solvent. The main issue is to obtain these core shell nanocomposites with a process able to meet industrial requirement.The Nanometric Structure Laboratory (LEDNA) is experimented in the synthesis of nanomaterial thanks to the gas phase laser pyrolysis method. This versatile process is characterized by a high yield of production and permits an efficient control over the reaction parameters. In order to obtain core shell structures, a new reactor has been developed by the combination of two stages of reaction. Thanks to this original setup, crystalline silicon cores covered or not with a carbon shell were achieved in one step for the first time. Likewise, amorphous cores were covered with a carbon shell, leading to the synthesis of a novel nanocomposite. Microscopic study reveals that these materials are obtained in a chain-like structure that can be beneficial to the electronic and ionic conduction properties. The carbonaceous compound were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and appeared to be non-graphitic sp2 rich species known in the literature as basic structural units (BSU). Auger electron spectroscopy study highlights the homogeneity of the carbon covering, in particular over smaller silicon cores. Neutron diffraction showed that the amorphous silicon cores covered with carbon are protected against passive oxidation unlike bare amorphous cores.The nanocomposites were used as anode materials in lithium-metal coin cell configuration. A cyclic voltammetry study highlights that crystalline silicon cores embedded into carbon need many sweeps before their full lithiation whereas amorphous core shell nanocomposites deeply lithiated from the first sweep, a phenomena yet not described in the literature. A potential resolved electronic impedance spectroscopy technic was used to determine the main degradation process of the core shell materials. We showed that the capacity fading can be mainly attributed to SEI dissolution and reformation through cycling, obstructing the porous structure of the electrode and limiting the cyclability. Finally, galvanostatically tested the core-shell nanocomposites reveal enhanced performance compared to graphite carbon. At the high charge/discharge rate of 2C, hardly reachable to the commercial anode material, the amorphous core-shell nanocomposite was cycled up to 500 cycles while maintaining a high capacity of 800 mAh.g-1 and outstanding coulombic efficiency of 99,99 %
Giraudet, Jérôme. „Dérivés fluorés des différentes variétés allotropiques du carbone“. Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21332.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNgono, Bernadette. „Organométalliques à carbonyle masqué : quelques propriétés du lithio-1 triméthylsiloxy-2 éthylène“. Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarmier, Delphine. „Comportement et évolution morphologique d'électrodes de carbone poreuses au cours de la décharge de piles lithium - chlorure de thionyle“. Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0572.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuilherme, Marcia Cristina Guimarães. „Carbonato de lítio: utilização da espectrofotometria de absorção atômica em bioequivalência e perfil de uso na pediatria“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-19102007-124255/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe ideal of this thesis is to benefit patients that use lithium, through two studies: (1) comparison of the bioavailability of two lithium formulations; and (2) investigation of lithium use in children and adolescents. In order to analyze the bioequivalence, healthy volunteers (N=24), of both genders, were treated with two lithium carbonate formulations (300 mg): test ? Neurolithium and reference-Carbolitium. After administrate each formulation in separate periods, plasma samples were collected to quantify lithium, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The method was developed specially to this study and it showed 0,07mg/L quantification limit. The geometric media and the 90% confiance interval test/reference was 104,77 (98,60-111,33%) to Cmax and 101,99 (96,81-107,44%) to ASClast. Based on FDA and ANVISA parameters, we concluded that Neurolithium is bioequivalent to Carbolitium. Therefore, this study assures the commercialization of a qualified formulation and makes possible the register of a generic medication with low cost. Since information regarding the safety and effectiveness of lithium in children under 12 years of age is not available, its use in such patients is not recommended at this time. Therefore, the second study has investigated the use of lithium in pediatric patients, divided in two groups: (A) under and (B) over 12 years old. Patients that received lithium prescription inside of HC in Unicamp, between 2000 and 2006, were identified. Only clinical register of patients (N=77) under 21 years old, were revised. Fewer doses were administrated in group A. Seric levels and side effects indexes were not different between groups. Group A showed reason for lithium prescription (aggressiveness) and effectiveness (71%) different from group B (humor oscillation; 83%). Since indexes effectiveness from both groups were in accordance with those found in literature and there was no difference in side effects number per patient, we concluded that the use of lithium in patients under 12 years old is feasible.
Marques, Leonardo. „Desenvolvimento, caracterização e desempenho biológico de um novo biomaterial de liberação controlada à base de carbonato de lítio aplicado ao reparo ósseo“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25146/tde-21112017-214337/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, bases for the development, characterization and evaluation of the biological aspects related to the BoneLithium System were designed, based on the association of lithium carbonate particles dispersed in carbopol® gel matrix, capable of acting as a drug-releasing system. Methodologically this study was divided in four parts: In the first one, the central objective was the development and characterization of the biomaterial through the pharmacological manipulation. In the second step, the tissue reaction was evaluated in subcutaneous of rats, in the third the influence of the lithium particles released by BoneLithium System in the bone repair through experimental models using rabbits, and finally, the capacity of healing of bone defects created surgically in Calvaria of rats, treated with the biomaterial and different options of bone grafts with the objective to compare the efficiency of the BoneLithium System to the preexisting protocols. Experimentally, the tissue reaction was evaluated in which 15 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, where butterfly tubes containing the biomaterial were implanted in the subcutaneous tubes for preservation periods recommended by the ADA 10993 standard for biocompatibility test. The results demonstrate that the BoneLithium System is tissue reaction positive. To evaluate the biological behavior of the BoneLithium System, adult New Zealand white rabbits were used in which bilateral bone defects of 1 cm in diameter were surgically made on calvaria and treated with the Bone Lithium System (right side) and only Gel Of Carbopol (left side) / blood clot (control). Histomorphometry showed a favorable behavior to bone repair and, in addition, through Computerized Microtomography (CT SKYSCAN), it was possible to verify significant differences considering p> 0.05 (ANOVA, Tukey) for the bone repair process. The evaluation of the performance of the BoneLithium System using Wistar rats in which critical defects were created at the calvarial center and treated with different bone graft modalities (control, autogenous, bone bank (Unioss®, Marília Brazil), Bio-Oss® and associations (ANOVA, Tukey) for evaluation of pre osteogenic connective tissue and neoformed bone tissue, and when assessed qualitatively by cone beam computed tomography (I cat - Cone Beam - FOV 0.05 - Xoran Tecnology, LLC, USA and E-vol, CDT, Brazil), areas of bone neoformation compatible with bone hyperdensity throughout the extent of the defect were ascertained in Hounsfield scale parity analyzes, It is concluded that in the context of this study it is possible to conclude that the BoneLithium System represents an alternative with potential clinical feasibility And requires follow-up of application in new methodologies.
EL, JAZOULI MUSTAPHA. „Formation de liaisons carbone-carbone par l'intermediaire des imidothioesters : applications synthethiques“. Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN2016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSPIGAI, BEATRICE. „Interaction du carbone lithie avec des electrolytes liquides et/ou solides polymeres“. Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066838.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEdfouf, Zineb. „Étude de nouveaux matériaux composites de type Si/Sn Ni/Al/C pour électrode négative de batteries lithium ion“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673220.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXu, Yanghai. „Matériaux de cathode et électrolytes solides en sulfures pour batteries au lithium“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S094/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLithium-air and Li-S batteries are promising techniques for high power density storage. The main challenges are to develop solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and highly efficient catalyzed cathode. In this work, highly conductive carbon aerogels with dual-pore structure have been synthesized by using sol-gel method, and have been used as air cathode in Lithium-air batteries. This dual- pore structure can provide two types of channels for storing discharge products and for gas-liquid diffusion, thus reducing the risk of clogging. Nearly 100 cycles with a capacity of 0.4mAh at a current density of 0.1 mA cm-2 have been obtained. For developing stable and highly conductive solid electrolyte, sulfides, especially Li4SnS4 and its phosphorous derivative Li10SnP2S12 have been particularly investigated. These compounds have been synthesized by using a two-step technique including ball milling and a relatively low temperature heat treatment. The heat treatment has been carefully optimized in order to enhance the ionic conductivity. The best-obtained conductivity is 8.27×10-4 S/cm at 25°C and the electrolytes show high electrochemical stability over a wide working range of 0.5 – 7V. Thin films have also been deposited by using the sputtering technique, with generally improved ionic conductivity. The performance of the Li-S batteries assembled with these bulk electrolytes is still to be improved, particularly by improving the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte
Yao, Fei, und Costel Sorin Cojocaru. „Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as an Anode for Lithium Ion Battery“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00967913.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSalver-Disma, Florence. „Effets du broyage mécanique sur les carbones : matériaux d'électrodes négatives pour accumulateurs au lithium“. Amiens, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AMIE0101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThaury, Claire. „Optimisation de matériaux composites Si/Intermétallique/Al/C utilisés comme électrode négative dans des accumulateurs Li-ion“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1068/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study focuses on the optimization of innovative composite materials Si/Intermetallic/Al/C used as negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries. The aim of this work is optimization of the composition for the material (20Ni-48Sn-20Si-3Al-9C) to improve its electrochemical performances. All materials are made up of silicon nanoparticles embedded in a sub micrometrical matrix. Several issues have been studied in this essay: optimization of the silicon and carbon contents, influence of the silicon surface composition, and substitution of the former intermetallic Ni3+xSn4 by other ones: zinc aluminium compound Al0,23Zn0,77 and two intermetallics Cu6Sn5 et CoSn. Metallic compounds and composites have been synthesised by powder metallurgy and mechanical alloying, respectively. Their chemical and structural properties have been determined by electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical characterisations have been carried out by galvanostatic cycling and cyclic voltammetry in coin and Swagelok half cells. This report details the influence of the studied parameters on the structural properties of the composite materials. A large study was devoted to the influence of carbon and silicon contents on the achievement of a homogeneous matrix, which is mandatory to get good electrochemical performances. Influence of the composition of silicon surface and intermetallic on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the composites was also studied. Thus, we have shown that intermetallics reacting moderately with Si during mechanical alloying have better electrochemical properties. The best electrochemical properties have been obtained for the nominal composition Ni0.13Sn0.15Si0.26Al0.04C0.42. This material provides a reversible capacity of 650 mAh.g-1 during 1000 cycles. The use of carbon coated silicon improves the stability of the SEI during cycling even if this composite still has to be optimized
Flinois, Karine. „Protonation énantiosélective de complexes entre énolates de cétones prochiraux et 3-aminopyrrolidines chirales“. Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES059.
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