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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Carbonate“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Carbonate"
1
Yaxley, Gregory M., Bruce A. Kjarsgaard und A. Lynton Jaques. „Evolution of Carbonatite Magmas in the Upper Mantle and Crust“. Elements 17, Nr. 5 (01.10.2021): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.17.5.315.
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Carbonatites are the most silica-poor magmas known and are amongst Earth’s most enigmatic igneous rocks. They crystallise to rocks dominated by the carbonate minerals calcite and dolomite. We review models for carbonatite petrogenesis, including direct partial melting of mantle lithologies, exsolution from silica-undersaturated alkali silicate melts, or direct fractionation of carbonated silicate melts to carbonate-rich residual melts. We also briefly discuss carbonatite–mantle wall-rock reactions and other processes at mid-to upper crustal depths, including fenitisation, overprinting by carbohydrothermal fluids, and reaction between carbonatite melt and crustal lithologies.
2
Korinevsky, V. G., und E. V. Korinevsky. „Isotopic evidences of magmatic nature of the dolomite-calcite bodies of the Ilmeny Mountains and the Plastovsky district of the South Urals“. Vestnik of Geosciences 11 (2020): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2020.11.1.
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The data obtained for the first time on the isotopic composition of oxygen and carbon of calcites and graphites of dolomitecalcite rocks of the Ilmeny Mountains and dykes of a similar composition in the Plastovsky district have confirmed their magmatic genesis. The temperature of formation of carbonate bodies (590—1000 °Ñ), determined from the isotopic ratios of C and O in calcite and graphite, corresponds to the temperature range (600—900 °Ñ) of the formation of carbonatite associations. According to the same ratios of isotopes in calcites, the protoliths of carbonate rocks are located within the carbonatite fields of the folded regions and in the transition zone to carbonates of marine origin. This is probably due to the fact that these rocks are a product of carbonate magma during remelting of sedimentary carbonate rocks in subduction zones, or under the influence of the heat of granite intrusions.
3
Tang, Guowang, Feng Huang, Guihe Wang, Zhengyang Song, Cangqin Jia, Peizhi Yu und Yongshuai Sun. „Valorization of Water-Based Drill Cuttings through the Bio-Carbonation Approach“. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (06.05.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3836863.
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This study proposed a novel bio-carbonation method to recycle water-based drill cutting (WDC) to prepare samples, which contains reactive magnesia (MgO) cement (RMC), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and fly ash (FA), with the adoption of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). Through the investigation of some parameters (i.e., GGBS content, FA content, and curing time), the microstructures and strength development of bio-carbonated RMC-based WDC samples were evaluated. The preliminary results revealed that bio-carbonated RMC-based WDC samples outperformed the control group (i.e., without bio-carbonation) in terms of the 28-day strength (i.e., 9.8 MPa versus 4.4 MPa), which can be assigned to formation of the carbonates, that is, hydrated magnesium carbonates (HMCs). Further, in addition to the identification of HMCs, the microstructural analysis also revealed a continuous carbonate network due to the presence of HMCs, which accounts for the strength boost of samples.
4
Nikiforov, Anatoly V., Elena O. Dubinina, Nikolay A. Polyakov, Amina M. Sugorakova und Aylan K. Khertek. „Influence of Host Marble Rocks on the Formation of Intrusive Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of Sangilen (E. Siberia, Russia)“. Minerals 11, Nr. 7 (22.06.2021): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070666.
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The study of the O and C isotope composition of calcite from nepheline syenites, ijolites and carbonatites of the Chik intrusion and the intrusions of the Erzin–Tarbagatay group of Sangilen (Eastern Siberia, Russia) showed derivation from alkaline melts enriched with a carbonate component from the host marbleized sedimentary rocks. The calculations showed that about 40% of the initial mass of carbonates involved in the interaction with silicate melts have remained after decarbonation. During the assimilation of the carbonate, an oxygen isotope exchange took place between the residual carbonate material and the silicate phase. Crystallization products of such hybrid magmas are carbonatite veins, calcite-rich nepheline rocks and their pegmatites with a calcite core.
5
El Howayek, Alain, Antonio Bobet und Marika Santagata. „Microstructure and cementation of two carbonatic fine-grained soils“. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, Nr. 3 (März 2019): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0059.
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This paper presents an investigation of the microstructure and cementation of two carbonatic fine-grained soils obtained from a deposit of lacustrine origin formed during the Wisconsin glaciation. The two soils differ in the degree of cementation (with average total carbonate contents of ∼55% and ∼38%), the dominating carbonate mineral (calcite versus dolomite), and the forms of carbonates present. The study is founded on observations of the microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry, and examination of the effects of carbonate dissolution on Atterberg limits and particle-size distribution. In both soils, the majority of the carbonate is in the form of a coating layer on the clay and silt particles, with a thickness less than 2–3 μm, and decreasing in the sample with lower carbonate content. This coating layer “networks” particles and groups of particles. Carbonate cementation impacts the engineering properties of both soils, and the site’s overconsolidation ratio (OCR) profile clearly reflects changes in carbonate content and microstructure. One-dimensional compression tests show that cementation is associated with a moderate degree of structuring, and that the resulting structure is stable, with no complete destructuration occurring even after the effective stress exceeds 10 times the preconsolidation stress.
6
Casola, Valentin, Lydéric France, Albert Galy, Nordine Bouden und Johan Villeneuve. „No evidence for carbon enrichment in the mantle source of carbonatites in eastern Africa“. Geology 48, Nr. 10 (25.06.2020): 971–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47629.1.
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Abstract Carbonatites are unusual, carbon-rich magmas thought to form either by the melting of a carbon-rich mantle source or by low-degree partial melting of a carbon-poor (<80 ppm C) mantle followed by protracted differentiation and/or immiscibility. Carbonate-bearing mantle xenoliths from Oldoinyo Lengai (East African Rift), the only active volcano erupting carbonatites, have provided key support for a C-rich mantle source. Here, we report unique microscale O and C isotopic analyses of those carbonates, which are present as interstitial grains in the silicate host lava, veins in the xenoliths, and pseudo-inclusions in olivine xenoliths. The δ18O values vary little, from 19‰ to 29‰, whereas δ13C values are more variable, ranging from –23‰ to +0.5‰. We show that such carbonate δ18O values result from the low-temperature precipitation of carbonate in equilibrium with meteoric water, rather than under mantle conditions. In this framework, the observed δ13C values can be reproduced by Rayleigh distillation driven by carbonate precipitation and associated degassing. Together with petrological evidence of a physical connection between the three types of carbonates, our isotopic data support the pedogenic formation of carbonates in the studied xenoliths by soil-water percolation and protracted crystallization along xenolith cracks. Our results refute a mechanism of C enrichment in the form of mantle carbonates in the mantle beneath the Natron Lake magmatic province and instead support carbonatite formation by low-degree partial melting of a C-poor mantle and subsequent protracted differentiation of alkaline magmas.
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Clarke, M. G. C., und B. Roberts. „Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation“. Geological Magazine 123, Nr. 6 (November 1986): 683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800024195.
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AbstractHoma Mountain is a well developed ijolite/carbonatite complex of Miocene to Quaternary age. Late stage olivine melilitite occurs as a satellite plug, parts of which show strong deuteric alteration to carbonate resulting in complete pseudomorphing of the melilite.A second satellite centre exposes a grey carbonate tuff and accompanying dykes, all of which exhibit relic textures after an elongate, rectangular mineral also formerly believed to be melilite. Comparison with other recently described occurrences indicates however that the second centre erupted alkali-carbonatite and that the chief mineral originally present was nyerereite (Na2Ca(CO3)2). The field relationships and petrographic characters of both rock types are described and criteria are given which permit distinction between carbonated melilite and calcitized nyerereite. It is concluded that olivine melilitite and alkalicarbonatite are closely related in space and time.
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Thaler, Caroline, Amandine Katz, Magali Bonifacie, Bénédicte Ménez und Magali Ader. „Oxygen isotope composition of waters recorded in carbonates in strong clumped and oxygen isotopic disequilibrium“. Biogeosciences 17, Nr. 7 (03.04.2020): 1731–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1731-2020.
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Abstract. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions, which are mainly retrieved from oxygen isotope (δ18O) and clumped isotope (Δ47) compositions of carbonate minerals, are compromised when carbonate precipitation occurs in isotopic disequilibrium. To date, knowledge of these common isotopic disequilibria, known as vital effects in biogenic carbonates, remains limited, and the potential information recorded by δ18O and Δ47 offsets from isotopic equilibrium values is largely overlooked. Additionally, in carbonates formed in isotopic equilibrium, the use of the carbonate δ18O signature as a paleothermometer relies on our knowledge of the paleowaters' δ18O value, which is often assumed. Here, we report the largest Δ47 offsets observed to date (as much as −0.270 ‰), measured on microbial carbonates that are strongly linked to carbonate δ18O offsets (−25 ‰) from equilibrium. These offsets are likely both related to the microorganism metabolic activity and yield identical erroneous temperature reconstructions. Unexpectedly, we show that the δ18O value of the water in which carbonates precipitated, as well as the water–carbonate δ18O fractionation dependence on temperature at equilibrium, can be retrieved from these paired δ18O and Δ47 disequilibrium values measured in carbonates. The possibility to retrieve the δ18O value of paleowaters, sediments' interstitial waters or organisms' body water at the carbonate precipitation loci, even from carbonates formed in isotopic disequilibrium, opens long-awaited research avenues for both paleoenvironmental reconstructions and biomineralization studies.
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Алиев, А. Р., И. Р. Ахмедов, М. Г. Какагасанов und З. А. Алиев. „Колебательные спектры ионно-молекулярных кристаллов карбонатов в предпереходной области вблизи структурных фазовых переходов“. Журнал технической физики 127, Nr. 9 (2019): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.09.48196.104-19.
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Molecular relaxation processes in lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) were studied by Raman spectroscopy. It has been established that in crystalline carbonates Li2CO3, Na2CO3 and K2CO3, the structural phase transition of the first kind is stretched (diffuse phase transition). The existence of the pretransition region in the studied carbonates Li2CO3, Na2CO3 and K2CO3 was found.
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Kamgaing, Théophile. „Précipitation de carbonates de cations divalents dans les systèmes lacustres : intérêt, état des connaissances des mécanismes et suggestions (Revue critique de la littérature)“. Revue des sciences de l’eau 28, Nr. 2 (07.07.2015): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032292ar.
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Les carbonates de fer, de manganèse, de calcium et de magnésium précipités en solution des lacs sont documentés. Indicateurs de climat et de variation des caractéristiques chimiques des lacs, ils sont de plus en plus recherchés dans les sédiments. Souvent incomplets, les mécanismes de leur précipitation dans la colonne d’eau du lac et dans les eaux interstitielles sont reprécisés dans cette étude. D’après la littérature, la sidérite et la rhodochrosite précipitent en milieu réducteur saturé de carbonate de fer et de carbonate de manganèse respectivement. Ces prévisions sont confirmées dans cette étude, le potentiel redox étant un paramètre déterminant pour la précipitation du carbonate de fer. Toutefois, la littérature ne décrit pas suffisamment l’origine (géochimique ou biologique) des éléments constitutifs des solides carbonatés lacustres, encore moins les phénomènes qui stabilisent ces derniers ou les rendent vulnérables (dissolution). Cette étude apporte plus de précisions à l’endogènèse de ces carbonates, l’origine de leurs éléments constitutifs étant prise en compte. Elle montre que le caractère de l’eau (agressif ou incrustant) pourrait avoir un impact considérable sur le devenir de ces carbonates. Ainsi un dégazage forcé d’un lac rendrait ses eaux incrustantes, caractère idéal pour la précipitation des carbonates, mais néfaste à la stabilité des strates qui changent de composition après précipitation d’espèces chimiques. Par conséquent, tout projet de dégazage de lac devrait prendre en considération ce paramètre (caractère de l’eau) dans sa conception, sa mise en oeuvre et son exploitation.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Carbonate"
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MOURA, Carlos Henrickson Barbalho de. „Estimativa de permeabilidade de rocha carbonáticas a partir de parâmetros do espaço poroso“. Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2018. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1615.
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Capes
A petrofísica computacional é uma técnica que vem sendo utilizada cada vez mais na indústria do petróleo para caracterizar reservatórios e simular computacionalmente o seu comportamento físico. Através dessa técnica é possível caracterizar um elevado número de amostras, sob diferentes condições ambientais, em um tempo relativamente curto. Este trabalho propõe um modelo de estimativa de permeabilidade que utiliza parâmetros petrofísicos retirados de imagens de microtomografia de raios x (µCT) e os compara com parâmetros petrofísicos medidos em laboratório. Foi analisado um conjunto de 19 amostras com características deposicionais, diagenéticas e texturais diferentes entre si, pertencentes às bacias do Araripe, Potiguar e Sergipe-Alagoas. Delas, 14 são de calcário, 2 de tufa calcária, 2 de caliche e 1 de dolomito. Em laboratório foi utilizado um permoporosímetro a gás para medir os parâmetros porosidade e permeabilidade. As amostras de µCT foram adquiridas com resolução em torno de 2,0 µm. O conjunto de imagens criado foi tratado no software Avizo Fire e foram extraídos os parâmetros porosidade, permeabilidade, conectividade e diâmetro equivalente de poros. Um modelo estatístico foi estabelecido para predição da permeabilidade a partir dos parâmetros do espaço poroso extraídos das imagens de µCT. Os resultados indicam que a conectividade dos microporos, inferida a partir do cálculo do Número de Euler em imagens 3D, é o parâmetro que exerce maior influência na estimativa da permeabilidade, seguida pela porosidade dos macroporos e pela conectividade dos macroporos. O modelo preditivo proposto apresentou um coeficiente de determinação de 0,994, mostrando-se bastante confiável para o grupo de amostras investigado.
Computational petrophysics is a technique that has been increasingly used in the petroleum industry to characterize reservoirs and to simulate computationally its physical behavior. Through this technique it is possible to characterize a big number of samples, under different environmental conditions, in a relatively short time. This work proposes a model of permeability estimation that uses petrophysical parameters taken from x - ray microtomography images (µCT) and compare them with petrophysical parameters measured in the laboratory. It was analyzed a set of 19 samples with different depositional, diagenetic and textural characteristics, belonging to the Araripe, Potiguar and Sergipe - Alagoas basins. Of these, 14 are limestones, 2 of tufa limestone, 2 of caliche and 1 of dolomite. In the laboratory a gas permoporosimeter was used to measure the porosity and permeability parameters. µCT samples were obtained with a resolution of about 2.0 μm. The set of images created was treated in Avizo Fire software and the porosity, permeability, connectivity and pore diameter parameters were extracted. A statistical model was established to predict permeability from pore space parameters extracted from µCT images. The results indicate that the connectivity of micropores, inferred from the calculation of the Euler Number in 3D images, is the parameter that exerts the greatest influence in the estimation of permeability, followed by the porosity of the macropores and the connectivity of the macropores. The proposed predictive model presented a coefficient of determination of 0.994, being very reliable for the group of samples investigated.
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Champagne, Julie. „Diagenèse associée aux discontinuités sédimentaires émersives sur les plates-formes carbonatées : étude intégrée à l'affleurement et en subsurface de la Formation Natih (Cretacé, Oman), évolution des propriétés réservoir“. Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR30059/document.
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En domaine de plate-forme carbonatée épicontinentale peu profonde, la production sédimentaire est étroitement liée aux variations eustatiques, au climat et à la position paleogéographique. Les périodes d’émersion constituent des phases de non-dépôt durant lesquelles l’arrêt de l’enregistrement sédimentaire peut être relayé par un enregistrement diagénétique. Les transformations associées aux discontinuités (réarrangement des porosités, modifications lithologiques, circulations tardives…) peuvent avoir un rôle déterminant sur les propriétés pétrophysiques des réservoirs carbonatés. La détection des surfaces d’émersion et des produits diagénétiques associés apparaît donc essentielle pour préciser la qualité des réservoirs, par (1) la compréhension des processus sédimento-diagénétiques aux limites de séquence, (2) la comparaison de données d’affleurement et de subsurface, et la caractérisation des géométries des réservoirs associés, (3) l’analyse de l’impact de la diagenèse associée à ces surfaces (amélioration ou détérioration des propriétés réservoir).La Formation Natih d’Oman (Albien sup. – Turonien inf.) se situe au sommet d’une épaisse série de plates-formes carbonatées peu profondes et de grande extension géographique (marge de la Néotéthys). La Formation Natih est subdivisée en quatre séquences majeures (3ème ordre) constituées d’unités transgressives tabulaires à faiblement inclinées (rampe à faciès boueux) et de prismes régressifs progradants plus inclinés (barrière bioclastique bien différenicée protégeant un domaine de lagon interne) (van Buchem et al. 2002). Ces séquences se terminent par une ou plusieurs surfaces d’émersion, pouvant être associées à des incisions (Grélaud et al. 2006). La présente étude porte sur l’analyse diagénétique de ces surfaces d’émersion par l’intégration de données de terrain (Foothills d’Adam, Jebel Akhdar) et de subsurface (carottes de forage et données de puits de champs pétroliers voisins).L’analyse diagénétique détaillée des affleurements et des données de subsurface repose sur l’étude de la chronologie relative et de la répartition spatiale des phases diagénétiques associées aux surfaces d’émersion. Elle démontre la mise en place d’une diagenèse précoce dans des conditions relativement arides qui se traduisent par l’absence de karstification et de phénomènes pédogénétiques bien développés sur la plate-forme émergée. Sous les surfaces, des circulations de fluides météoriques oxydants, alimentés par des recharges latérales, entrainent une dissolution précoce des minéralogies instables et la précipitation de ciments météoriques en domaine phréatique. Cette étude diagénétique est complétée par l’analyse des phases mésogétiques et télogénétiques qui permettent de contraindre la séquence diagénétique de la Formation Natih avec les grandes étapes de déformations tectoniques et d’enfouissement.A partir de ces résultats, les produits diagénétiques et leur impact sur l’évolution des réservoirs peuvent être caractérisés et interprétés pour chaque surface. Ils résultent d'interactions complexes entre des facteurs intrinsèques et extrinsèques comme la dynamique de l'aquifère météorique, le contexte paléogéographique et géodynamique au moment des émersions, la maturité du substrat... Ces paramètres sont effectifs au moment du dépôt et des émersions. Toutefois la préservation des produits éogénétiques peut-être fortement influencée par l'évolution au cours de l'enfouissement qui se caractérise par des phénomènes de compaction, cimentation ou dissolutionOn epeiric carbonate platforms, sediment production and stratigraphic architecture are mainly controlled by sea-level variations, climate and palaeogeographic position. During periods of subaerial exposure, carbonate production/deposition stops and the sedimentary record can then be replaced by the diagenetic record. The diagenetic transformations associated to discontinuity surfaces (rearrangement of porosity distribution, lithological alteration, late fluid circulation …) may have a significant impact on carbonate reservoir properties. The characterization of subaerial exposure surfaces and associated diagenesis is therefore essential to understand and predict reservoir quality. It requires: (1) the study of the sedimentological and diagenetic processes at the sequence boundaries, (2) the integration and comparison of outcrop and subsurface data, including respective reservoir architecture, (3) the analysis of the diagenetic overprint related to these surfaces (enhancement or deterioration of reservoir properties).The Natih Formation (Late Albian – Early Turonian) is the last of a thick succession of Cretaceous epeiric carbonate platforms. It is subdivided into four third-order sequences. In each sequence, the transgressive phase is formed by flat to slightly sloping units (muddy ramp facies) whereas the regressive phase corresponds to a higher angle prograding carbonate ramp with a well developed bioclastic margin protecting an inner lagoon (van Buchem et al. 2002). These sequences are capped by one or several subaerial exposure surfaces, sometimes associated with incisions (Grélaud et al. 2006). The present study focuses on the diagenetic analysis of these emersion surfaces by the integration of outcrop (Adam Foothills, Jabal Akhdar) and subsurface data (neighbouring oil fields from the interior Oman).The detailed study of the lateral distribution and chronology of the diagenetic phases associated with emersion surfaces form the basis for the sedimentological and diagenetic model. The results highlight the development of a meteoric diagenetic system which was probably subject to relatively arid conditions, explaining the absence of karstification and pedogenetic features on the exposed platform. Below the emersion surfaces, the circulation of oxidizing meteoric fluids, laterally sourced, leads to the early dissolution of unstable minerals and the precipitation of meteoric cements in the phreatic domain.This diagenetic study is completed by the analysis of the mesogenetic and telogenetic phases, which allow to constrain the diagenetic sequence in relation with the main phases of deformation and burial of the Natih Formation.These results show the particularities of each subaerial exposure event in terms of diagenetic products and their impact on reservoir properties. They result from complex interrelations between external and intrinsic factors, such as the dynamics of meteoric aquifers, the geodynamic and paleogeographic context during exposure, chemical reactivity ... These are effective during deposition and subaerial exposure. However, the preservation of exposure-related diagenetic features may subsequently be influenced by burial evolution trough competition between compaction, cementation and dissolution
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Dale, Annabel Rebecca. „Carbonate clumped isotopes : a new tool to assess carbonate cementation in clastic sediments“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/39782.
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Carbonate cements in clastic rocks capture a geochemical record of burial processes. As such, much of our understanding of clastic diagenesis and subsurface microbial activity is influenced by studies of carbonate cemented horizons and concretions. Furthermore, their presence can have a significant impact on clastic reservoir quality. However, the formation of cement bodies is poorly understood. A part of this problem is that studies investigating carbonate cements have historically been limited by the δ18Ocarbonate being dependent on both the carbonate precipitation temperature and δ18Oporewater. Often, these variables cannot be constrained and one or the other has to be assumed to derive an interpretation, with significant implications for understanding the fluid history and timing or diagenetic processes. This PhD study applies a new geochemical palaeothermometry technique, "carbonate clumped isotopes", to constrain the temperature of the cement precipitation. With this, the δ18Oporewater can be back-calculated and the formation burial history of changes in δ13C and δ18Oporewater can be constrained. This thesis contains three studies using the clumped isotope technique to investigate carbonate cementation. The first examines outcrop carbonate cements in the Mancos Shale, Colorado, where changes in δ13C and δ18Oporewater are captured over a temperature range of 33-117 °C and placed into a burial history. The second study then examines a variety of cements and concretions from different formations around the world to determine the geochemical conditions necessary for cement precipitation, through trends in δ13C, δ18Oporewater and temperature. This reveals that the temperatures of cementation appears to be strongly controlled by the optimal temperature of activity for subsurface microbes. The final study then applies the technique to subsurface carbonate cements in cores from the Bruce Field, UK North Sea. This places carbonate cementation and the δ18Oporewater into the burial history of one of the reservoir formations. The results of this PhD demonstrate the usefulness of carbonate clumped isotopes for understanding clastic carbonate cementation burial histories, in outcrop and the subsurface. Furthermore, they provide an insight into the temperatures at which microbial processes occur during diagenesis and more generally, the chemical conditions common to carbonate cementation.
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Easley, Regina Anita. „The Spectrophotometric Analysis of Lead Carbonate Complexation and Carbonate Saturation States in Seawater“. Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4668.
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The carbon dioxide (CO2) system is the primary buffer in seawater which controls oceanic pH. Changes in the marine CO2 system affect a number of processes such as metal speciation, mineral saturation states, auditory responses in fish, and primary productivity rates. Increased atmospheric concentrations of CO2 from human activities (e.g. burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement production) has led to a global decrease in surface ocean pH termed anthropogenic ocean acidification. One particular concern in response to increased oceanic CO2 is a substantial decrease in the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) saturation states, ΩCaCO3. The long-term physiological effects of ocean acidification and decreased ΩCaCO3 on marine biota are currently subjects of intensive global investigation. Consequently improved methods are needed to facilitate evaluations of the evolving CO2 system chemistry and the responses of marine organisms to those changes.
Currently two of four measureable chemical parameters (pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, fugacity of CO2, and total alkalinity) are required for full characterization of the inorganic CO2 system; carbonate ion concentrations ([CO3 2-]) can, for example, be calculated from paired measurements of pH-DIC and pH-TA. The primary objective of this dissertation is to refine a method for directly determining [CO3 2-] using a single measurement, the distinctive ultraviolet absorbance spectra of Pb(II) species in seawater. The technique is fast, methodologically simple, and suitable for routine use in laboratory and shipboard studies. It is, as well, suitable for analyses using autonomous instrumentation. My studies began with an investigation of lead carbonate (PbCO3 0) complexation in synthetic media (at 25 °C between 0.001 to 5.0 molal ionic strength) to evaluate factors that control Pb(II) speciation, and thereby Pb(II) spectra, in seawater. Since laboratory investigations of Pb(II) speciation in seawater require potentiometric measurements of seawater pH, my dissertation includes development of a novel spectrophotometric method for calibrating pH electrodes directly in seawater. This spectrophotometric electrode calibration enables improved assessment of the extent to which electrode behavior is Nernstian and the influence of salinity on electrode calibrations. In addition, for the first time at sea, [CO3 2-] was directly determined in the Arctic and the Eastern Pacific Oceans using the Pb(II) method. These field studies allowed assessment of the consistency between direct [CO3 2-] determinations and carbonate determined using conventional CO2 system measurements. Finally, using techniques from my evaluation of lead speciation, as well as my electrode calibration development and field studies, additional laboratory studies were used to increase carbonate measurement sensitivity and applicability over a wider range of salinity.
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Tanimoto, Kazumi. „Studies on optimization of carbonate compositions for long life molten carbonate fuel cells“. 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136372.
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Salter, Michael A. „The production and preservation of fish-derived carbonates in shallow sub-tropical marine carbonate provinces“. Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2013. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/314039/.
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Recent studies have demonstrated that marine bony fish (teleosts) precipitate inorganic calcium carbonate in their gut as a by-product of osmoregulation, subsequently excreting it into the open water column as loosely aggregated millimetre-scale pellet. These studies have primarily focused on physiological aspects of this process and the fate of resulting carbonates in pelagic settings, which is likely to be dissolution at depth. However, the implications of such carbonate production in shallow tropical and sub-tropical carbonate provinces has also begun to be considered, and it is thought that fish may contribute significant quantities of morphologically distinctive mud-grade high-Mg calcite in certain habitat settings. However, most studies of carbonate mud in modern subtropical settings do not report particles that are obviously fish-derived, and questions concerning fish-derived carbonate characteristics and post-excretion stability thus arise. The present work therefore provides more detailed characterisation of the carbonate products of an expanded range of Caribbean fish species and determines their short-term preservation potential in a sub-tropical carbonate province (the Bahamas). Following collection of carbonates from 22 fish species (all starved), precipitates were characterised using scanning electron microscopy and a suite of complimentary chemical analysis techniques. The form in which these carbonates are likely to be incorporated into surface sediments was investigated by disaggregating pellets and characterising the liberated particles by performing detailed image-based grain size analyses, with additional experiments demonstrating the likely rate and extent of pellet disaggregation by placing them in agitated seawater. Finally, short-term preservation potential was determined in a series of experiments whereby excreted precipitates were exposed to surface seawater and shallow subsurface porewater conditions for several months. Results indicate that, at the point of excretion, fish-derived carbonates are morphologically and mineralogically more varied than previously thought, although most morphotypes (e.g., ellipsoids, dumbbells, spheres, rhombohedra) are seemingly unique in shallow sub-tropical marine settings. ii High-Mg calcite, typically containing 20–35 mol% MgCO3, is the dominant product of about half the species investigated, but Mg calcite with lower MgCO3 contents (in the range 2–20 mol%) is also common, as is aragonite, which can represent up to 27 wt% of carbonates excreted by some species. In addition, amorphous magnesium carbonate (AMC) and magnesium-rich amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), both of which are strongly hydrated, represent the dominant precipitation products of some species, with a hydrated crystalline phase (monohydrocalcite) occasionally accompanying the latter. A non-carbonate phase, brucite, is nearly ubiquitous as a volumetrically minor phase. Where analysed, all of these phases are further found to differ from other carbonate sediments in the Bahamas with regard to their stable carbon and oxygen isotope compositions; a consequence of the important role of metabolic HCO3 - in the precipitation process. Detailed grain size analyses indicate that most morphotypes are released from pellets upon disaggregation as individual mud-grade particles that retain their distinctive forms. However, extreme agitation can result in polycrystalline forms releasing their fibre-like components; these particles being less distinctive than their parent forms. In contrast, some particles are intergrown and do not disaggregate beyond particle clusters that are up to fine sand sized. Moreover, excreted pellets do not necessarily always disaggregate, with moderate agitation in seawater resulting in a significant proportion of carbonate being retained as intact pellets, albeit smaller (typically fine sand sized) and more well-rounded than initial pellets (typically fine to coarse sand sized). In quiescent settings pellet diminution is less extensive, and it is thus hypothesised that a significant proportion of fish-derived carbonates excreted in the Bahamas is preserved as sand-grade pellets. Despite the highly distinctive nature of fish-derived carbonates, particles that can be attributed to production by fish nevertheless remain elusive in studies of Bahamian surface sediments. It is thus necessary to invoke post-excretion processes of dissolution and/or recrystallisation to explain the apparent disparity between production rates and occurrence as sedimentary particles. Indeed, it is demonstrated here that AMC, brucite, and large quantities of ACC undergo complete dissolution in seawater within a few days of excretion, with the remaining ACC apparently crystallising to form fine sand-grade (50–200 μm diameter) polycrystalline calcite spheres over similar timescales. iii Monohydrocalcite, also undergoes complete dissolution or alteration (to calcite) during 3 month exposures to artificial seawater, and is predicted to alter in a similar manner in natural settings. Conversely, anhydrous crystalline phases remain largely unchanged after porewater and seawater exposures lasting several months, although two important post-excretion processes are observed. Firstly, high-Mg calcite ellipsoids appear to undergo partial dissolution (with preferential loss of MgCO3) and possible recrystallisation, and, based on these observations, it is predicted that longer exposure times will result in changes being pervasive, possibly obscuring the piscine origin of initial crystals. Secondly, carbonate pellets containing minor amounts of aragonite at the point of excretion appear, in some cases, to stimulate post-excretion growth of abundant aragonite needles that are morphologically similar to aragonite needles that dominate Bahamian carbonate muds. It is further apparent that these processes are inhibited in uncleaned samples, possibly due to surface adsorption of organic compounds, but the evidence after 3 month exposures indicates that inhibiting factors might eventually be overcome. Based on these results and modelling of carbonate excretion across shallow platform areas of the entire Bahamian archipelago, it is predicted that about 18 % of excreted carbonates will dissolve after excretion, while a further 53 % may alter beyond recognition within a very short period (perhaps on the order of years). Moreover, characterisation of carbonates produced by three species of normally feeding fish indicates they produce only amorphous carbonates, despite producing crystalline phases when starved. This difference, attributed to the inhibition of CaCO3 crystallisation by dietary phosphate, indicates that loss of fish-derived carbonate to dissolution might be considerably higher than 18 % under normal natural circumstances. The sedimentary significance of fish-derived carbonates thus remains enigmatic, but results presented herein indicate that they follow very different preservation pathways depending on their excreted form, and that they may make previously unrecognised contributions to: i) the carbonate sand fraction (as peloids); and ii) aragonite needle muds (as crystals grown post-excretion).
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Lanteaume, Cyprien. „Couplage de la modélisation stratigraphique et diagénétique : développements numériques et applications aux systèmes carbonatés“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0344.
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Les systèmes sédimentaires carbonatés forment à la fois des archives géologiques uniques des changements globaux-locaux des enveloppes externes de la Terre et renferment plus de 75 % des réserves d'hydrocarbure conventionnelles. Ils sont complexes et très difficiles à comprendre et à prédire. Cette complexité à toutes les échelles spatio-temporelles rend nécessaire l'intégration de méthodes naturalistes et quantitatives pour les étudier. La modélisation numérique basée processus permet de réduire les incertitudes des prédictions des propriétés des réservoirs carbonatés.Le manuscrit présente une méthode de modélisation itérative des systèmes carbonatés de la stratigraphie à la sismique en intégrant la diagenèse. Cette approche est basée sur le couplage de plusieurs outils numériques et par une démarche de travail combinant la sédimentologie, la diagenèse, la physique des roches et la simulation sismique.L’approche de modélisation développée permet ainsi d’intégrer un grand nombre de données multi-échelles et multidisciplinaire au sein d’un modèle facilement partageable entre toutes les disciplines en géosciences. L’intégration de ces nombreuses données est facilitée par un continuum du modèle entre les différentes échelles d’espace et de temps (du bassin au réservoir). La sismique synthétique ainsi obtenue n’est pas une simple convolution géométrique, elle intègre les propriétés sédimentologiques et diagénétiques, permettant une analyse de la signification stratigraphique des réflecteurs sismiques. Cette approche innovante intègre les méthodes naturalistes et quantitatives nécessaires à la compréhension et à la prédiction des systèmes carbonatésCarbonate sedimentary systems record both global and local geological changes of the outer envelope of the Earth and contain more than 75% of conventional hydrocarbon reserves. These carbonate systems show a great complexity at every spatial and temporal scales. To increase our ability to understand and predict such intricate natural systems, it is necessary to integrate naturalistic and quantitative methodological apporaches. Numerical process-based modeling (stratigraphic-sedimentary-diagenetic) reduces the uncertainty of prediction of carbonate reservoir properties. The manuscript presents a method of iterative modeling of carbonate systems from stratigraphy to seismic by integrating diagenesis. This approach is based on the coupling of numerical tools and a working approach combining sedimentology, diagenesis, rock physics and seismic simulation. Tests on case studies associated with scientific and industrial issues validated the method.The modeling approach that was developed during the thesis allows to integrate a large number of multi-scale and multidisciplinary data. Models can easily be shared between the disciplines of geosciences. The model continuum along different scales of space (from the basin to the reservoir) and time eases the integration of various data. The obtained synthetic seismic is not a simple geometric convolution, but an integration of sedimentological and diagenetic properties, which allows for an analysis of the stratigraphic significance of the seismic reflectors. This innovative approach integrates naturalistic and quantitative methods, which improve the understanding and prediction of carbonate systems and reservoirs
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Safa, Ali Ibrahim 1953. „Catalytic Calcination of Calcium Carbonate“. Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330965/.
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The calcination of calcium carbonate in a cement or a lime kiln uses approximately two to four times the theoretical quantity of energy predicted from thermodynamic calculation depending upon the type of the kiln used (1.4 x 10^6 Btu/ton theoretical to 6 x 10^6 Btu/ton actual). The objective of this research was to attempt to reduce the energy required for the calcination by 1. decreasing the calcination temperature of calcium carbonate, and/or 2. increasing the rate of calcination at a specific temperature. Assuming a catalytic enhancement of 20 percent in the industrial applications, an energy savings of 300 million dollars annually in the United States could be reached in the cement and lime industries. Three classes of compounds to date have shown a positive catalytic effect on the calcination of calcium carbonate. These include alkali halides, phospho- and silico-molybdate complexes, and the fused carbonates system.
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Huang, Jiping. „Carbonate radical in natural waters“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0028/NQ50045.pdf.
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Xu, Yaling Pelton Robert H. „Calcium carbonate adhesion in paper /“. *McMaster only, 2005.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBücher zum Thema "Carbonate"
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E, Tucker Maurice, und Bathurst Robin G. C, Hrsg. Carbonate diagenesis. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990.
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1929-, Hsü Kenneth J., Hrsg. Manual of carbonate sedimentology: A lexicographical approach. London: Academic Press, 1986.
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London, Geological Society of, Hrsg. Advances in carbonate exploration and reservoir analysis. London: Published by the Geological Society, 2012.
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An introduction to carbonate sediments and rocks. Glasgow: Blackie, 1987.
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S, Sagyndykov K., Turdukeev I. D und Institut geologii im. M.M. Adysheva., Hrsg. Litologii͡a︡ i rudonosnostʹ uglerodistykh format͡s︡ii verkhnego dokembrii͡a︡-nizhnego paleozoi͡a︡ Ti͡a︡nʹ-Shani͡a︡. Frunze: Ilim, 1991.
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Ibrahim, Palaz, und Marfurt K. J, Hrsg. Carbonate seismology. Tulsa, OK: Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1997.
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Bathurst, Robin G. C. Carbonate sediments and their diagenesis. 2. Aufl. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.
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1934-, Mackenzie Fred T., Hrsg. Geochemistry of sedimentary carbonates. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990.
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Morse, John W. Geochemistry of sedimentary carbonates. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990.
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1953-, Wright V. Paul, und Dickson J. A. D, Hrsg. Carbonate sedimentology. Oxford [England]: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Carbonate"
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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. „carbonate“. In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_1660.
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Arndt, Nicholas. „Carbonate“. In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 376. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_234.
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Arndt, Nicholas. „Carbonate“. In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 248. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_234.
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Allison, L. E., und C. D. Moodie. „Carbonate“. In Agronomy Monographs, 1379–96. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.c40.
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Geyssant, Jacques. „Features and characteristics of calcium carbonate“. In Calcium Carbonate, 2–15. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8245-3_1.
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Heß, Peter. „Plastics“. In Calcium Carbonate, 238–59. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8245-3_10.
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Strauch, Dieter. „Surface Coatings“. In Calcium Carbonate, 260–74. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8245-3_11.
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Kuhlmann, Ralph. „Calcium Carbonate - A Versatile Mineral“. In Calcium Carbonate, 275–311. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8245-3_12.
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Geyssant, Jacques. „The limestones - development and classification“. In Calcium Carbonate, 15–30. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8245-3_2.
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Geyssant, Jacques. „Limestone deposits“. In Calcium Carbonate, 31–51. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8245-3_3.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Carbonate"
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Cho, Yung-Zun, In-Tae Kim, Hee-Chul Yang, Hee-Chul Eun, Hwan-Seo Park und Eung-Ho Kim. „Removal of Alkaline-Earth Elements by a Carbonate Precipitation in a Chloride Molten Salt“. In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7288.
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Separation of some alkaline-earth chlorides (Sr, Ba) was investigated by using carbonate injection method in LiCl-KCl eutectic and LiCl molten salts. The effects of the injected molar ratio of carbonate ([K2 (or Li2)CO3/Sr (or Ba)Cl2]) and the temperature (450–750 °C) on the conversion ratio of the Sr or Ba carbonate were determined. In addition, the form of the Sr and Ba carbonate resulting from the carbonation reaction with carbonates was identified via XRD and SEM-EDS analysis. In these experiments, the carbonate injection method can remove Sr and Ba chlorides effectively over 99% in both LiCl-KCl eutectic and LiCl molten salt conditions. When Sr and Ba were co-presented in the eutectic molten salt, they were carbonated in a form of Ba0.5Sr0.3CO3. And when Sr was present in LiCl molten salt, it was carbonated in the form of SrCO3. Carbonation ratio increased with a decreasing temperature and it was more favorable in the case of a K2CO3 injection than that of Li2CO3. Based on this experiment, it is postulated that carbonate precipitation method has the potential for removing alkali-earth chlorides from LiCl-KCl eutectic and LiCl molten salts.
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Ren, Nan, Yu-ting Wu und Chong-fang Ma. „Preparation and Experimental Study of Mixed Carbonates With High Maximum Using Temperature“. In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91401.
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In order to meet the demands of future high-temperature solar thermal power generation, 37 kinds of mixed carbonate molten salts were prepared by mixing potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate in accordance with different proportions in this paper. Melting point of molten salt, as the most important basic character, is the primary parameter to select molten salt. Melting point and decomposition temperature are measured by Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer. The results show that melting points of major ternary carbonates are close at around 400°C and decomposition temperatures of most ternary carbonate are between 800 and 850°C. In accordance with energy variation, when the system is cooled from the molten state, precipitates of crystalline phases is orderly. Crystallization temperatures of some samples are much higher than their melting points. Therefore, through comparative experimental study of heating and cooling, 10 kinds of mixed carbonates with low melting point and crystallization temperature were selected primarily. Then, latent heat, density and thermal stability of these mixed salts were studied.
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Wozencraft, Jennifer M., und Jennifer L. Irish. „SHOALS Surveys and Carbonate Beaches“. In First International Symposium on Carbonate Sand Beaches. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40640(305)3.
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Azuara Diliegros, Brenda, und Roberto Aguilera. „A New Method for Determination of Rock Fabric Number from Well Logs in Unconventional Tight Oil Carbonates“. In SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208893-ms.
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Abstract This paper develops a new method for estimation of rock fabric number (RFN) from well logs in unconventional tight oil carbonates with less than 0.1 md. The objective is to investigate the oil potential of a Middle Cretaceous tight carbonate in Mexico. Development of a method for these conditions is challenging as the current approach developed by Lucia (1983) has been explained for carbonates with more than 0.1md. The method is calibrated with data from cores and cuttings and allows estimating the presence of grainstone, packstone and wackstone rocks in unconventional tight carbonates from well logs. A crossplot of RFN vs rp35 (pore throat radius at 35% cumulative pore volume) permits delimiting intervals with good production potential that is supported by well testing data. Information for analysis of the Mexican carbonate comes from well logs of 9 wells and 2 re-entry wells, four buildup tests and a limited amount of core and drill cuttings information. All data were provided by a petroleum company and have been used, for transparency, without any modifications. An unconventional tight carbonate as defined in this paper has a permeability smaller than 0.1 md. The unconventional tight oil carbonate reservoir considered in this study includes 95 percent of data with permeabilities smaller than 0.1 md and only 5% with permeabilities larger than 0.1 md. The method introduced by Lucia (1983) and Jennings and Lucia (2003) for determining RFN is powerful, but they explained it only for permeabilities larger than 0.1 md. Thus, the need for a methodology that allows estimating from well logs the presence of grainstone, packstone and/or wackstone in unconventional tight carbonate reservoirs with permeabilities smaller than 0.1 md. Results indicate that the RFN provides a useful approach for distinguishing grainstone, packstone and wackstone rocks in unconventional tight carbonate reservoirs. Furthermore, rock fabric can be linked with Pickett plots to provide an integrated quantitative evaluation of RFN, porosity, water saturation, permeability, pore throat radius, and capillary pressure. This integration indicates that there is good oil potential in the Middle Cretaceous unconventional tight carbonate in Mexico. The novelty of this paper is the use of rock fabric (RFN) in unconventional tight carbonates with permeabilities smaller than 0.1 md for estimating the presence of grainstone, packstone and wackstone rocks from well logs. In addition, a crossplot of RFN vs rp35 provides a good indication of intervals with oil production potential.
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Richmond, Bruce M. „Overview of Pacific Island Carbonate Beach Systems“. In First International Symposium on Carbonate Sand Beaches. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40640(305)17.
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Finkl, Charles W., Syed M. Khalil und Richard H. Spadoni. „A Geomorphological Approach to Carbonate Sand Searches“. In First International Symposium on Carbonate Sand Beaches. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40640(305)5.
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Gibbs, Ann E., Bruce M. Richmond und Charles H. Fletcher. „Beach Profile Variation on Hawaiian Carbonate Beaches“. In First International Symposium on Carbonate Sand Beaches. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40640(305)8.
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Ayupov, Amir Rustamovich, Sergey Faizovich Khafizov und Kurmangazy Orinbgazievich Iskaziev. „Influence of Secondary Alterations on the Structure of the Pore Space of the Upper Permian Carbonate Deposits of the Northern Side Zone of the Caspian Basin“. In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207049-ms.
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Abstract The analysis of the facies distribution of reservoirs within the Moscow-Artinskian sedimentation rim within the Northern part of the Pre-Caspian Basin was carried out. The Teplovsko-Tokarevskaya group of deposits is a chain of carbonate structures stretched in the sub-latitudinal direction. They are consist mainly of bioherm structures, which include tubifytes, foraminifera, crinoidea, ostracods, ostracods, etc. From the lithological point of view, the reservoir rocks are represented by dolomite-limestone differences-from organic limestones to secondary chemogenic dolomites. The influence of facies distribution and secondary dolomitization on the structure of the pore space remains controversial and requires detailed study. The concepts of secondary dolomitization were analyzed and one of the concepts of the formation of secondary dolomites and anhydrites was used to justify the facies distribution: Zones of secondary transformation (dolomitization) form a sweet spots zone in the Artinskian carbonate horizon when high-salinity (Mg2+) waters from the Filippovsky horizon carbonates are infiltrates to Artinskian carbonate. As a result of the discharge of elision waters during digenetic dehydration of gypsum. After the anhydride overlaying of the Artinskian carbonate structure, several regressive-transgressive cycles occurred, which formed a sequence of consistent dolomite-limestone and gypsum layers in the Filippovskian time. During the diagenesis water contained in the gypsum was dehydrated into the permeable zones in carbonates of the Filippovsky horizon, followed by unloading in the region of the Artinskian horizon. Evaporite sedimentation of chemogenic carbonates and gypsum created a condition for the subsequent infiltration of sulphate and magnesium waters in the direction dip formation angle. The source of magnesium is the water remaining after the precipitation of gypsum and carbonates in the Filippovskian time.
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Ayupov, Amir Rustamovich, Sergey Faizovich Khafizov und Kurmangazy Orinbgazievich Iskaziev. „Influence of Secondary Alterations on the Structure of the Pore Space of the Upper Permian Carbonate Deposits of the Northern Side Zone of the Caspian Basin“. In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207049-ms.
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Abstract The analysis of the facies distribution of reservoirs within the Moscow-Artinskian sedimentation rim within the Northern part of the Pre-Caspian Basin was carried out. The Teplovsko-Tokarevskaya group of deposits is a chain of carbonate structures stretched in the sub-latitudinal direction. They are consist mainly of bioherm structures, which include tubifytes, foraminifera, crinoidea, ostracods, ostracods, etc. From the lithological point of view, the reservoir rocks are represented by dolomite-limestone differences-from organic limestones to secondary chemogenic dolomites. The influence of facies distribution and secondary dolomitization on the structure of the pore space remains controversial and requires detailed study. The concepts of secondary dolomitization were analyzed and one of the concepts of the formation of secondary dolomites and anhydrites was used to justify the facies distribution: Zones of secondary transformation (dolomitization) form a sweet spots zone in the Artinskian carbonate horizon when high-salinity (Mg2+) waters from the Filippovsky horizon carbonates are infiltrates to Artinskian carbonate. As a result of the discharge of elision waters during digenetic dehydration of gypsum. After the anhydride overlaying of the Artinskian carbonate structure, several regressive-transgressive cycles occurred, which formed a sequence of consistent dolomite-limestone and gypsum layers in the Filippovskian time. During the diagenesis water contained in the gypsum was dehydrated into the permeable zones in carbonates of the Filippovsky horizon, followed by unloading in the region of the Artinskian horizon. Evaporite sedimentation of chemogenic carbonates and gypsum created a condition for the subsequent infiltration of sulphate and magnesium waters in the direction dip formation angle. The source of magnesium is the water remaining after the precipitation of gypsum and carbonates in the Filippovskian time.
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Zhi, Suo-Hong, Bo Zhang, Qiang Zhu, Pan-Pan Xi, Guo-Hai Chu, Guo-Jun Zhou und Zhi-Kang Xu. „Mineralized Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)-Based Ultrafiltration Membranes with Sodium Carbonate and Ammonium Carbonate as Carbonate Source“. In 2016 International Conference on Mechanics and Materials Science (MMS2016). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813228177_0108.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Carbonate"
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Simandl, G. J., R. J. D'Souza, S. Paradis und J. Spence. Rare-earth element content of carbonate minerals in sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits, southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328001.
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Paleozoic platform carbonate rocks of the Rocky Mountains host Mississippi Valley-type (MVT), magnesite, barite, and REE-barite-fluorite deposits. Farther west, platform carbonate rocks of the Kootenay Arc host MVT and fracture-controlled replacement (FCR) deposits. This is the first systematic LA-ICP-MS study of carbonates in MVT and FCR deposits. We investigated seven MVT deposits in the Rocky Mountains, and five MVT deposits in the Kootenay Arc. None of the post-Archean Australian shale (PAAS)-normalized REE profiles show light REE (LREE) depletion and strong negative Ce anomalies characteristic of modern seawater: some profiles are nearly flat; others show depletion in LREE similar to seawater but without negative Ce anomalies; others are middle REE enriched. Carbonates with a strong positive Eu anomaly precipitated from or interacted with different fluids than carbonates with flatter profiles without a strong positive Eu anomaly. REE signatures reflect crystallization conditions of primary carbonates, and crystallization and re-equilibration conditions of carbonates with ambient fluids during diagenesis, deep burial, and/or metamorphic recrystallization. Chemical evolution of fluids along their migration path, fluid-to-rock ratio, fluid acidity, redox, and temperature also influence REE profile shape, which helps establish genetic and timing constraints on studied deposits and improves knowledge of the metallogeny of the Kootenay Arc and Rocky Mountains.
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Chidsey, Thomas C., David E. Eby, Michael D. Vanden Berg und Douglas A. Sprinkel. Microbial Carbonate Reservoirs and Analogs from Utah. Utah Geological Survey, Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ss-168.
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Multiple oil discoveries reveal the global scale and economic importance of a distinctive reservoir type composed of possible microbial lacustrine carbonates like the Lower Cretaceous pre-salt reservoirs in deepwater offshore Brazil and Angola. Marine microbialite reservoirs are also important in the Neoproterozoic to lowest Cambrian starta of the South Oman Salt Basin as well as large Paleozoic deposits including those in the Caspian Basin of Kazakhstan (e.g., Tengiz field), and the Cedar Creek Anticline fields and Ordovician Red River “B” horizontal play of the Williston Basin in Montana and North Dakota, respectively. Evaluation of the various microbial fabrics and facies, associated petrophysical properties, diagenesis, and bounding surfaces are critical to understanding these reservoirs. Utah contains unique analogs of microbial hydrocarbon reservoirs in the modern Great Salt Lake and the lacustrine Tertiary (Eocene) Green River Formation (cores and outcrop) within the Uinta Basin of northeastern Utah. Comparable characteristics of both lake environments include shallowwater ramp margins that are susceptible to rapid widespread shoreline changes, as well as compatible water chemistry and temperature ranges that were ideal for microbial growth and formation/deposition of associated carbonate grains. Thus, microbialites in Great Salt Lake and from the Green River Formation exhibit similarities in terms of the variety of microbial textures and fabrics. In addition, Utah has numerous examples of marine microbial carbonates and associated facies that are present in subsurface analog oil field cores.
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Kishore K. Mohanty. Dilute Surfactant Methods for Carbonate Formations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juni 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/910179.
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Kishore K. Mohanty. Dilute Surfactant Methods for Carbonate Formations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890025.
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