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Thematische Bibliographien / Carbon payback time

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Dissertationen
Buchteile
Konferenzberichte

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Carbon payback time“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 9. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Carbon payback time"

1

Bentsen, Niclas Scott. „Carbon debt and payback time – Lost in the forest?“ Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 73 (Juni 2017): 1211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.004.

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Mello, Francisco F. C., Carlos E. P. Cerri, Christian A. Davies, N. Michele Holbrook, Keith Paustian, Stoécio M. F. Maia, Marcelo V. Galdos, Martial Bernoux und Carlos C. Cerri. „Payback time for soil carbon and sugar-cane ethanol“. Nature Climate Change 4, Nr. 7 (08.06.2014): 605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2239.

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de Simón-Martín, Miguel, Montserrat Díez-Mediavilla und Cristina Alonso-Tristán. „Real Energy Payback Time and Carbon Footprint of a GCPVS“. AIMS Energy 5, Nr. 1 (2017): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2017.1.77.

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(Mariska) de Wild-Scholten, M. J. „Energy payback time and carbon footprint of commercial photovoltaic systems“. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 119 (Dezember 2013): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2013.08.037.

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Utamura, Motoaki. „Carbon Dioxide Emission Analysis With Energy Payback Effect“. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, Nr. 2 (01.04.2004): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1691442.

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Analytical model is proposed to account for carbon emission behavior during replacement of power source from fossil to renewable energy in which sustainability of energy supply is stressed. Analyses show that energy payback time (EPT) should be much shorter than the doubling time of manufacturing cycle to secure adequate available energy during as well as after the replacement. Nuclear, small hydropower, and photovoltaic cell are taken as representative candidates and investigated as an option to replace fossil power until mid-century. Nuclear and small hydropower can be promising candidates but photovoltaic cell needs further development efforts to reduce EPT to avoid energy expense after the replacement.

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Faludi, Jeremy, und Michael Lepech. „ECOLOGICAL PAYBACK TIME OF AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT MODULAR BUILDING“. Journal of Green Building 7, Nr. 1 (Januar 2012): 100–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.7.1.100.

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Ecological payback time was calculated for demolishing an existing commercial building with average energy performance and replacing it with an energy-efficient, prefabricated building. A life-cycle assessment was performed for a 5,000 ft2commercial building designed by Project Frog and prefabricated in San Francisco, California, and compared to the impacts of annual energy consumption and continued status quo operation of a comparable average commercial building. Scenarios were run both with and without rooftop solar panels intended to make the prefabricated building net zero energy. The analysis considers the materials and manufacturing, transportation, annual energy use of the new building, and disposal of the existing building, compared to continued annual energy use of the existing building. The carbon payback of a new building with no solar against operation of an existing commercial building was found to be roughly eleven years, and a building with enough rooftop solar to be net zero energy was roughly 6.5 years. The full EcoIndicator99 environmental impact payback for a new efficient building with no solar was found to be twenty years, and a solar net-zero building was roughly eleven years against operation of an existing commercial building.

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Pinto, Mauricio Almeida, Cláudio Albuquerque Frate, Thiago Oliveira Rodrigues und Armando Caldeira-Pires. „Sensitivity analysis of the carbon payback time for a Brazilian photovoltaic power plant“. Utilities Policy 63 (April 2020): 101014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2020.101014.

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Yang, Yi, und Sangwon Suh. „Marginal yield, technological advances, and emissions timing in corn ethanol’s carbon payback time“. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 20, Nr. 2 (29.11.2014): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-014-0827-x.

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9

Jiao, Yubo, Alex Salce, Wade Ben, Feng Jiang, Xiaoyang Ji, Evan Morey und David Lynch. „Siemens and siemens-like processes for producing photovoltaics: Energy payback time and lifetime carbon emissions“. JOM 63, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-011-0007-4.

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10

Tian, Xueyu, Samuel D. Stranks und Fengqi You. „Life cycle energy use and environmental implications of high-performance perovskite tandem solar cells“. Science Advances 6, Nr. 31 (Juli 2020): eabb0055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0055.

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A promising route to widespread deployment of photovoltaics is to harness inexpensive, highly-efficient tandems. We perform holistic life cycle assessments on the energy payback time, carbon footprint, and environmental impact scores for perovskite-silicon and perovskite-perovskite tandems benchmarked against state-of-the-art commercial silicon cells. The scalability of processing steps and materials in the manufacture and operation of tandems is considered. The resulting energy payback time and greenhouse gas emission factor of the all-perovskite tandem configuration are 0.35 years and 10.7 g CO2-eq/kWh, respectively, compared to 1.52 years and 24.6 g CO2-eq/kWh for the silicon benchmark. Prolonging the lifetime provides a strong technological lever for reducing the carbon footprint such that the perovskite-silicon tandem can outcompete the current benchmark on energy and environmental performance. Perovskite-perovskite tandems with flexible and lightweight form factors further improve the energy and environmental performance by around 6% and thus enhance the potential for large-scale, sustainable deployment.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Carbon payback time"

1

Samett, Amelia. „Sustainable Manufacturing of CIGS Solar Cells for Implementation on Electric Vehicles“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1591380591637557.

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Danielsson, Ellinor, und Jenny Ekman. „Skogliga biobränslens roll i Stockholm Exergis framtida strategi“. Thesis, KTH, Energisystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298048.

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Studien syftade till att ge en rekommendation angående hur fjärrvärmebolaget Stockholm Exergi bör utforma sin framtida strategi beträffande fasta oförädlade skogliga biobräanslen. Genom litteraturstudier och intervjuer utreddes dessa bränslens konkurrenskraft utifrån perspektiven klimatneutralitet, politiska direktiv och styrmedel, leveranssäkerhet samt lönsamhet. Resultatet visade bland annat att användningen av grenar och toppar kan medföra klimatnytta. Vidare framkom att implementeringen av EU:s nya förnybartdirektiv inte kommer att ha storskalig påverkan på Stockholm Exergis framtida användning av dessa bränslen. Gällande leveranssäkerhet och lönsamhet påvisades exempelvis en större framtida efterfrågan på skogliga restprodukter från andra sektorer. Ändock kunde slutsatsen dras att skogliga biobräanslen, under vissa förutsäattningar, har en viktig roll i Stockholm Exergis framtida fjärrvärmeproduktion.
The study aimed to give a recommendation regarding how the district heating company Stockholm Exergi should design their future strategy concerning unprocessed solid woody biofuels. Through literature studies and interviews, the competitiveness of the fuels has been assessed based on climate neutrality, political directives and instruments, security of supply as well as profitability. Among other things, the results showed that the use of tree branches and tops can imply positive climate effects. Furthermore, the implementation of EU's new renewable energy directive will only have a marginal impact on Stockholm Exergi's future use of woody biofuels. Regarding the security of supply and profitability,an increased future demand of forest residues in other sectors have been identified. However, the study concludes that, under certain circumstances, woody biofuels have an important role in Stockholm Exergi's future district heating production.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Carbon payback time"

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Al-Habaibeh, Amin, Ampea Boateng und Hyunjoo Lee. „Innovative Strategy for Addressing the Challenges of Monitoring Off-Shore Wind Turbines for Condition-Based Maintenance“. In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 189–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_24.

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AbstractOff-shore wind energy technology is considered to be one of the most important renewable energy source in the 21st century towards reducing carbon emission and providing the electricity needed to power our cities. However, due to being installed away from the shore, ensuring availability and performing maintenance procedures could be an expensive and time consuming task. Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) could play an important role in enhancing the payback period on investment and avoiding unexpected failures that could reduce the available capacity and increase maintenance costs. Due to being at distance from the shore, it is difficult to transfer high frequency data in real time and because of this data transferring issue, only low frequency-average SCADA data (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) is available for condition monitoring. Another problem when monitoring wind energy is the massive variation in weather conditions (e.g. wind speed and direction), which could produce a wide range of operational alerts and warnings. This paper presents a novel case study of integrated event-based wind turbine alerts with time-based sensory data from the SCADA system to perform a condition monitoring strategy to categorise health conditions. The initial results presented in this paper, using vibration levels of the drive train, indicate that the suggested monitoring strategy could be implemented to develop an effective condition monitoring system.

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Wheldon, Anne, Roger Bentley, George Whitfield, Tamsin Tweddel und Clive Weathery. „Payback Times for Energy and Carbon Dioxide: Comparison of Concentrating and Non-Concentrating PV Systems“. In Sixteenth European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 2622–25. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315074405-144.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Carbon payback time"

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Utamura, Motoaki. „Carbon Dioxide Emission Analysis With Energy Payback Effect“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30448.

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Analytical model is proposed to account for carbon emission behaviour during replacement of power source from fossil to renewable energy in which sustainability of energy supply is stressed. Analyses show that energy payback time (EPT) should be much shorter than the doubling time of manufacturing cycle to secure adequate available energy during as well as after the replacement. Nuclear, small hydropower and photovoltaic cell are taken as representative candidates and investigated as an option to replace fossil power until mid-century. Nuclear and small hydropower can be a promising candidate but photovoltaic cell needs further development efforts to reduce EPT to avoid energy expense after the replacement.

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Malca, Joao, und Fausto Freire. „Capturing uncertainty in GHG savings and carbon payback time of rapeseed oil displacing fossil diesel in Europe“. In 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issst.2011.5936887.

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Grogan, Kim, Richard Pearce und Darren M. Nightingale. „Kansas City Power and Light (KCP&L): Hawthorn Station, Unit #5 Modular Titanium Tubed Condenser Project — A Case Study“. In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7563.

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Kansas City Power & Light’s (KCP&L) Hawthorn Unit #5 is a coal fired power plant that was originally built in 1969. In 2000, the condenser had new condenser tube bundles installed with Admiralty tubes during the Hawthorn rebuild project. An evaluation of the unit in 2014 identified the potential for the conversion from open to closed cycle cooling. At the same time of the evaluation, multiple failures, causing high silica (derates), required action again in 2016. With improvements in condenser technology, and after evaluation of all the options available — including investment payback — it was decided to rebundle the condenser once again to improve the heat transfer surface area, and to anticipate the (future) requirement for the unit to operate at a higher design pressure on the circulating water side. The current 1″ OD Admiralty Brass tubes and Muntz metal tube sheets were replaced with 7/8″ OD Titanium tubes and solid Titanium tube sheets. The waterboxes were also replaced with new carbon steel boxes, internally coated with a high solids epoxy lining, together with sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection. The new tube bundles and waterboxes were both designed for a higher design pressure. This was due to the possibility of a future cooling tower installation that would require an increased design pressure for the circulating water system. This Case Study Paper reviews the background to the requirement for new condenser tube bundles and waterboxes, compares the existing and replacement designs, reviews the installation process, and provides a summary of the project lessons learned. It is also intended to be of use to Plants that are considering changing from open to closed cooling cycle.

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Gonzalez, Ricardo S., und Gilles Flamant. „Technical and Economic Feasibility Analysis of Using Concentrated Solar Thermal Technology in the Cement Production Process: Hybrid Approach — A Case Study“. In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18143.

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Currently, increasing world population demands a higher cement production. Therefore atmospheric emissions and energy consumption become two of the most important environmental and economic issues. Fuel and electricity consumption for the production of cement represent 40% of the total production cost [1]. It is known that cement production is an energy-intensive process which contributes with approximately 5% of the worldwide carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions [2] [3]. By using Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST) at the calcination process in the cement production line, CO2 emissions can be reduced by 40% and savings of up to 60% through fuel substitution can be obtained if all the fuel used at the calcination step is substituted. The aim of the study is not to propose a detailed design of the solar process but to examine and quantify the various options in order to define the favorable economic conditions and the technical issues to face in a conventional cement plant aiming: substituting energy sources and achieving continuous operation of the cement plant employing a hybrid mode. Three options related with how to apply the CST technology were evaluated. The best solution is a Central Tower with Solar Reactor at the Top of the Tower since it allows energy substitution with high thermal energy efficiency. This implies, compared with the other options, the minimum changes in the process. Several energy substitution scenarios are investigated considering different energy losses and amount of energy to be replaced. It was found that the solar energy availability is not a constraint, meaning that from the technical point of view it is possible to replace up to 100% of the energy requirements for the calcination process. Economic results are promissory since the application of the proposed approach (Go Process) became attractive. The Payback Time (PBT) obtained (from 6 to 10 years) is lower when it is compared with the PBT for applications of CST for electricity production. Besides, the IRR values obtained (from 8% to 11%) are adequate in accordance with the typical values expected by most of the equity investors in renewable energy projects (between 8% and 12%) [4]. It is expected that CST technology will become more attractive and profitable due to economic aspects like increments in fossil fuels and alternative fuels cost and the current deployment of the CST technology to produce electricity. Other aspects such as more strict legislation related with CO2 emissions combined with encouraging legislation to use of renewable energy also play an important role in the economic attractiveness of the proposed application.

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Yazawa, Kazuaki, und Ali Shakouri. „Exergy Analysis and Entropy Generation Minimization of Thermoelectric Waste Heat Recovery for Electronics“. In ASME 2011 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2011-52191.

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Energy recovery from waste heat is attracting more and more attention. All electronic systems consume electricity but only a fraction of it is used for information processing and for human interfaces, such as displays. Lots of energy is dissipated as heat. There are some discussions on waste heat recovery from the electronic systems such as laptop computers. However the efficiency of energy conversion for such utilization is not very attractive due to the maximum allowable temperature of the heat source devices. This leads to very low limits of Carnot efficiency. In contrast to thermodynamic heat engines, Brayton cycle, free piston Stirling engines, etc., authors previously reported that thermoelectric (TE) can be a cost-effective device if the TE and the heat sink are co-optimized, and if some parasitic effects could be reduced. Since the heat already exists and it is free, the additional cost and energy payback time are the key measures to evaluate the value of the energy recovery system. In this report, we will start with the optimum model of the TE power generation system. Then, theoretical maximum output, cost impact and energy payback are evaluated in the examples of electronics system. Entropy Generation Minimization (EGM) is a method already familiar in thermal management of electronics. The optimum thermoelectric waste heat recovery design is compared with the EGM approach. Exergy analysis evaluates the useful energy flow in the optimum TE system. This comprehensive analysis is used to predict the potential future impact of the TE material development, as the dimensionless figure-of-merit (ZT) is improved.

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Bucknall, R., S. Suárez de la Fuente, S. Szymko, W. Bowers und A. Sim. „Evaluation of Electric-Turbo-Charging applied to Marine Diesel-Engines“. In 14th International Naval Engineering Conference and Exhibition. IMarEST, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/issn.2515-818x.2018.012.

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Electro-Turbo-Compounding (ETC) is a system whereby energy contained in the hot gas of a diesel-engine exhaust is partially recovered through its conversion via a high-speed gas turbine driven alternator into electrical energy. ETC makes a diesel-engine system work more cleanly and effectively thereby improving power density and fuel efficiency. The technology is equally suited to new-build and retrofit applications. Applications to date have been extensive in the 150 kW – 2 MW range and the 10 MW – 20 MW but almost exclusive to shore-based power stations across the world. This paper reports on the progress of an Innovate UK funded project (2015-18) to develop ‘marinised’ units with partners UCL, Bowman Power Group Ltd., Lloyd’s Register and Rolls Royce PLC. With an expectation on the shipping industry (including naval ships) to reduce their carbon footprint the ETC is suitable for marine engineering application in those ships not easily able to use the conventional Rankine Cycle exhaust gas waste heat recovery system. The paper discussions include the design, modelling and practical testing approaches, results on performance for various arrangements for propulsion and electrical power, and importantly the integration challenge to ensure NOx Compliance and Certification. Within the paper discussion is also made about the financial aspects for propulsion and electric generation applications. The operating profile of different vessels gives different paybacks which are particularly favourable at times of rising fuel prices.

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