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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Caractérisation mécanique multi-Échelle“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Caractérisation mécanique multi-Échelle"
Keyvin, Vincent, Alain Bourmaud, Cédric Bernard, Célia Caër, Vincent Le Saux und Cédric Pouvreau. „Retour sur le colloque « Indentation 2021 »“. Matériaux & Techniques 110, Nr. 2 (2022): N1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2022028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCourivaud, Jean-Robert, Laurent del Gatto, Kamal El Kadi Abderrezzak, Christophe Picault, Mark Morris und Stéphane Bonelli. „Le projet Overcome : comprendre et modéliser les processus d’érosion par surverse des digues et barrages en remblai constitués de matériaux grossiers à granulométries étalées“. Revue Française de Géotechnique, Nr. 178 (2024): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/geotech/2024009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Caractérisation mécanique multi-Échelle"
Wang, Wenlong. „Caractérisation géométrique et mécanique multi-échelle de la dentine humaine“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC083/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuman dentin is one of the main components of human tooth. It shows a hierarchicalstructure from a multi-scale point of view. Generally speaking, dentin can be seen as a hard biomaterial consisting in 3 phases: the porous phase made of tubules, the inclusion phase made of peritubular dentin and the matrix phase made of intertubular dentin. These hierarchical structures strongly determine its mechanical properties. The knowledge of its structure, its mechanical property and its deformation behavior due to the variation of the external environment may be useful to improve the dentin restoration process. In this work, four observation techniques (µCT, optical microscope, ESEM and confocal microscope) have been used and compared. Particularly, confocal microscopy is proposed to allow 3D visualization of the complex dentin porous network. Compared with usual 2D observation tool, it may provide new information. For example, near the DEJ, tubules show a more complex treestructure than the Y-shaped deduced from 2D observations. These findings may also allow to achieve more realistic modeling considering the complex porous structure inside human dentin.Later on, compression test associated with DIC was carried out within an integrated system which can control simultaneously the humidity and the temperature of the environment. Using this system, the elastic modulus of human dentin was measured to be 16.7GPa with a standard deviation of 5.1GPa. And the Poisson’s ratio was found to be 0.31. The dilatation behavior of human dentin due to relative humidity was also explored. Furthermore, resonant ultrasound spectroscopy was performed in order to compare the results with these mechanical testing. At the micro-scale, the mechanical properties of peritubular dentin and intertubular dentin werecharacterized by nanoindentation. The two methods used in this work (dynamic CSM method and the static unload method) present the same trends of elastic moduli for the two components. Peritubular dentin has a higher elastic modulus (26.7GPa with a standard deviation of 3.1GPa) than intertubular dentin(16.2GPa with a standard deviation of 5.5GPa). Besides, the creep behavior of dentin was assessed by nanoindentation. Four elements Maxwell-Voigt model can be used to model dentin’s creep behavior.To sum up, a morphological and mechanical study of the dentinal tissue has been performed. New techniques, such as confocal microscopy have been used and showed their usefulness in order to give new insight into the dentinal tissue. The mechanical testing protocols that have been set up at different scales will enable to better understand the structure-property relationship by using them associated with the observation tools validated in this work
Hajjaji, Abdelowahed. „Caractérisation multi-échelle et lois de comportement dans les matériaux ferroélectriques“. Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0090/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of intelligent systems very efficient requires materials of more conversion preferment, whether in terms of stability characteristics in solicitations or in terms of coefficients. The macroscopic properties developed by ferroelectric materials are closely related to the mobility of domains walls, and therefore the switching of dipole moments aligned along the polar axis in each unit cell. This thesis deals as a first time of the preparation and characterization of PMN-xPT ceramics and single crystals PZN-xPT. The multi-scale characterization of quadratic materials that connects the configuration of domains material to its macroscopic behaviour has been studied to understand the mechanisms of depolarization under different excitations (uniaxial stress, temperature and electric field). The non-linear behaviour and hysteretic for ceramics under high level of mechanical and electrical excitations has been modelled by a model constructed from non-linear elements. Finally, the application of materials PZN-12PT was also studied. The objective of this study is to test and compare ceramic and single crystal shapes in terms of vibration damping
Samain, Sophie. „Caractérisation multi-échelle de l’efflorescence et du mottage du saccharose“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2371.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCaking, or undesired agglomeration, is a phenomenon jeopardizing powders’ quality, in particular their flowability. It is therefore a main issue for industry. In the case of water-soluble crystalline materials, humidity fluctuations cause a series of phenomena, partial deliquescence (formation of a saturated solution) and efflorescence (recrystallization with water evaporation) leading to the formation of liquid then solid bridges. This study focuses on the case of sucrose. Because of the highly viscous saturated solution, the efflorescence phenomenon is governed by the drying kinetics which makes it complex. In the first part, the kinetics of deliquescence and efflorescence were analyzed at the scale of the particles and the governing mechanisms, resistances to external or internal mass transfer, were identified according to the humidity conditions. In a second part, a macroscopic study was conducted. First, a caking device allowing homogeneous caked samples to be quickly obtained in controlled conditions was developed. Three mechanical tests were compared on the basis of sensitivity and repeatability through a statistical method, the local linear regression. The shear test was found to be the best approach and was used to study the influence of several factors on sucrose caking. Besides, the addition of three components (NaCl, fructose, DE12 maltodextrin) to sucrose showed a higher sensitivity to humidity, a delay in efflorescence and a significant decrease of the mechanical resistance
Jamart, Juliette. „Caractérisation multi-échelle du comportement morpho-mécanique de la fibre capillaire suite à une sollicitation thermomécanique“. Saint-Etienne, Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs de Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENISE033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhen use on a daily basis, heat appliances can be harmful to human hair. This study deals with the effect of a thermomechanical solicitation, generally applied by the friction of the hot plates of a hair straightener, on the properties of human hair. This work is built on an experimental approach and on the development of rheological models. It aims at understanding the effects on the different levels of the hair's multiscale structure, from the cuticle to the cortex. A strong correlation between the changes of the cortical architecture and of the mechanical properties of hair has been emphasized. A thermomechanical treatment leads to the disorganization or the stretching and reorientation of the molecular and supra-molecular well-organized structure, depending on the temperature and on the shear force applied. From a mechanical point of view, these microstructural modifications create changes in the free volume and in the moving hability of the keratin molecules in the cortex, thus modifying the visco-elasto-plastic properties of the fiber. The link between the micro- and macroscopic changes allows to build rheological models that describe the global hair's mechanical behavior and for which the evolution of the rheological parameters follows the evolution of the architectural factors of the cortex. A thermomechanical treatment has also an effect on the perceptible part of hair, the cuticle. A multiresolution analysis allowed to link the different components of the surface to sensory qualities, such as the brightness, softness and fluidity of hair. For temprature higher than 170°C, the friction of the hot plates flattens the small roughnesses of the surface, improving its brightness and softness. However, it can also lead to the melting of the overlapping scales among each other and hair loses its natural fluidity, due to the loss of the multilayer aspect of the cuticle. To remedy this harmfull effect, a steam flow can be delivered just before the contact of the hot plates against the hair fiber. Water acts like a plasticizer and small roughnesses can be flatten for lower temperatures, allowing to preserve the shape of the scales and the multilayer structure of the cuticle
Desplan, Davina. „Caractérisation rhéologique multi-échelle des émulsions cosmétiques pour leur stabilité et leur conservation“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0962/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the last 20 years, many non-invasive methods and techniques have been developed in order to measure the properties (physicochemical, sensory, etc.) of cosmetic products. These methods are designed to evaluate their safety and effectiveness, and become even more sophisticated as the processes of developing these products become complex and innovative.During this thesis works, a multi-scale study of the structural evolution of cosmetic emulsions was conducted in order to predict their textural and microbiological stability.The study of the link between the structural organization of these emulsions with their composition and their stability was one of the first challenges. Thanks to an ultrasonic non-destructive technique allowing access to micro-rheological properties (viscoelastic properties observed during a harmonic loading of shear at a few MHz), in association with different classical characterization techniques (optical microscopy, low frequency rheology, etc. .); it was possible to correlate the micro-rheological parameters obtained with physical models linking internal structuring and stability in the emulsions considered. The results showed that micro-rheological data are sensitive to variations in compositions (concentration) and microscopic organization of micelles within emulsions (flocculation, coalescence, etc.).Then, the follow-up of the evolution of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria in emulsions with different internal structures showed on the one hand the sensitivity of micro-rheology towards the presence of bacteria in the cream, and on the other hand, the impact of the structure and organization of micelles on the development of these bacteria.Finally, micro-rheology appears to be an innovative measurement method adapted on an industrial scale providing added value when developing cosmetic formulations. From a safety point of view, the early detection of biological contaminations by the detection of structural instabilities (of changes) within emulsions could represent a major advance during the production and marketing phases of cosmetic products
Liu, Taiqu. „Caractérisation multi-échelle de l'amortissement des matériaux composites à fibres végétales“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7f465635-2b19-4a9c-8100-84b95d1c4521.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVibration and noise are unavoidable problems in engineering products and daily life. Thus, the knowledge of the damping performances of engineering materials and the factors that affect these properties are highly required. Plant fiber composites (PFCs) have become a new option when considering the compromise between damping and stiffness. Current researches on damping are mainly work at the macroscale and the damping sources and mechanisms in plant fiber composites are complex and not fully revealed. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to provide a better characterization and understanding of damping in PFCs using various experimental techniques at different scales and on a wide range of frequency. This thesis starts with the review of literature on the damping behavior of PFCs. Then, the influences of many parameters including matrix types, fiber architecture, woven pattern, temperature, frequency and moisture content on the damping properties of PFCs are investigated based on dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and modal analysis. Furthermore, a constant amplitude method as well as constant stiffness method are used to map the in situ damping properties at the microscale based on grid dynamic Nanoindentation (DNI). These results are then compared to those obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis and modal test methods. The results from DNI show the contribution of each component (fiber, matrix and interface) on energy dissipation. Finally, the damping properties measured using these three experimental techniques at the three different scales are plotted on a wide frequency and temperature range
Vandenbulcke, Florian. „Caractérisation et modélisation multi-échelle du comportement mécanique à la rupture du membre scapulaire sous sollicitations dynamiques“. Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe relevant of the human numerical models is a major issue in biomechanical researches. The long bones' mechanical properties are often identified from macro-scale characteristics without taking account of bone structure. This lack of consideration explains the limit of the proposed models biofidelity. A multi-scale approach seems to be relevant for the prediction's improvement, in light of this. This thesis studied the human humerus behavior during dynamical solicitations and propose a micromechanical law to describe it. This law is coupling the linear homogenization scheme of Mori-Tanaka to evaluate the apparent mechanical properties of humerus with a thermo dynamical reasoning to describe the cortical bone damaging by porosities growing. The model validity has been established by the estimation of the maximal load during a impact test. This study is based on the results from multi-scale experimental campaigns exploring the mechanicals properties of 13 humerus from 10 post-mortem human cadavers. So impacts tests have been realized on anatomical specimens, the mesoscopic elastic properties and the damaging influence on them have been characterized by traction, compression or flexion tests and the microscopic properties of bone matrix have been measured by nanoindentation
Teychené, Johanne. „Caractérisation multi-échelle des interactions sucre-électrolyte pour une meilleure compréhension du transfert en nanofiltration“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30339/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDifferent studies have shown that the presence of electrolyte modifies the nanofiltration performances and that the increase of the neutral solute transfer is mainly governed by the modification of the solute properties (neutral solute / electrolyte interactions). However, the development of such membrane processes is still limited since it is hardly possible to predict the process performances, In this context, the aim of this work is to study the neutral solute / electrolyte interactions using a fundamental multi scale approach in order to improve the knowledge of the transfer mechanisms taking place through nanofiltration membranes. More precisely, the objective is to understand how the ions act on the hydration properties of the saccharides and their transfer through a nanofiltration membrane. Firstly, the saccharide volumetric properties (xylose, glucose, sucrose), which characterize the solute hydration at the macroscopic scale, are determined in presence of various electrolytes (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4, K2SO4, CaCl2, MgCl2, MgSO4). The results show that the saccharide dehydration is due to the predominance of the saccharide / ions interactions depending on the ions' properties (valence, size). Secondly, quantum mechanics is used to describe the hydration properties of ions and saccharides, alone and then in a mixture at the microscopic scale. It is shown that both saccharide and ions are dehydrated and that the saccharides are more dehydrated for increasing saccharide / ions interactions number, which in turn increases with the ion's coordination number in water. It is also shown that the species hydration properties, obtained at different scales are consistent. Finally, quantitative correlations between the species hydration properties and the saccharide mass transfer parameters are obtained. Thus, from these promising results, further work will be devoted to improve the prediction of the performance of nanofiltration for the treatment of solutions containing organic solutes in the presence of electrolyte
Bignonnet, François. „Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation micro-mécanique de la perméabilité et la résistance de roches argileuses“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is focused on the strength, plasticity and transport properties of mudrocks. Two industrial applications are the shale gas production and the underground gas or waste storage. In a first part, the permeability is described as resulting from the homogenisation of the flow of a Newtonian fluid within the pore space. A Hashin-Shtrikman like framework is derived for the permeability upscaling and used to propose a FFT-based numerical method for the efficient computation of bounds on the permeability, directly compatible with a voxelised representation of the pore space. As an alternative, analytic homogenisation techniques based on the definition of equivalent permeable cells are developed to provide building blocks for the micro-mechanical modelling of permeability. The gas slip at pore walls is accounted for to model Klinkenberg effects for gas permeability. Partial water saturation is also considered to model relative gas permeability and gas breakthrough pressure. In the mean time, a thorough experimental investigation of the evolution of porosity and permeability with confining pressure and partial water saturation has been carried out on several types of mudrocks. In a second part, the ductile strength properties is studied. An efficient FFT-based numerical method is proposed to compute the homogenised strength domain of heterogeneous media with complex micro-structures. Next, a three-scale analytic model of the strength of a granular media reinforced by rigid inclusions with imperfect interfaces is presented. In a third part, this strength model is re-interpreted in plasticity to propose a purely micro-mechanical model, whose macroscopic interpretation is similar to the Cam-clay model, including hardening or softening due to an evolving porosity and a critical state line
Ait, Aouit Djedjiga. „Approche multi-échelle de caractérisation des surfaces fondée sur l'analyse fractale et multifractale : application en analyse fractographique“. Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to analyse the fracture surfaces of a broken piece. The aim is to discriminate the three principles damage stages advocated in the field of fracture mechanics: fracture initiation stage, fracture propagation stage and finale rupture of the material. The behaviour of these fracture modes is confirmed by the graphs of the fatigue crack growth according to the number of fatigue cycles. These graphs are estimated using a new strategy developed for monitoring fatigue crack growth based on thermographic measures applicable to a wide range of materials regardless of their electrical conductivity and their surface texture. A campaign fatigue testing was conducted on a set of an elastomeric material samples, this material is used for the manufacture of parts of flexible couplings automotive industry. The fracture surfaces are digitized using two techniques: interferometry to obtain maps of heights and scanning electron microscopy to obtain microscopic images. The fracture phenomena being highly nonlinear and non-stationary; therefore, the classical roughness parameters measurement of fracture lines development is not adapted for their characterization. In this investigation, multifractal analysis based on the continuous Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima method (WTMM) is proposed to give the discrimination of the profile lines development at three principal fracture stages. Indeed, the discrimination of these three fracture stages provides a powerful diagnostic tool to identify the fracture initiation site, and thus delineate the causes of the cracking of the material. We have used the global roughness parameter, called Hurst exponent, to identify the axis of cracking. The fractal analysis of the fracture profiles show that it is possible to reconstruct the crack path. It was established that multifractal analysis based WTMM describes reasonably well the scaling properties of local regularity of the fracture. It performs a fine discrimination of the three fracture zones using the singularities spectra which quantify the strength of singularities and their distribution