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1
Kacprzyk, Magdalena, Ewa Błońska und Tadeusz Wojas. „Deadwood, Soil and Carabid Beetle-Based Interaction Networks—An Initial Case Study from Montane Coniferous Forests in Poland“. Forests 12, Nr. 4 (24.03.2021): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040382.
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In four study plots located in silver fir and Scots pine stands in Magura National Park (southeastern Poland), the relationships between the occurrence and biomass of epigeic carabids, the volume of deadwood and soil biochemical properties were investigated. Thirteen carabid beetle species from the genera Abax, Carabus, Molops and Pterostichus were captured. Rare epigeic carabid species in the fauna of Poland and Europe, such as Carabus glabratus (Paykull), Carabus sylvestris (Panzer) and Abax schueppeli (Germar), were recorded. The number of carabid individuals and species captured as well as the mean individual biomass index at different elevations and in forests of different tree compositions differed significantly. There were no correlations between deadwood volume, carabid abundance and the mean individual biomass of the carabid beetles. The mean individual Carabidae biomass increased with elevated pH, soil carbon content, soil dehydrogenase activity and the number of stumps.
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Martinková, Zdenka, Stanislava Koprdová, Ján Kulfan, Peter Zach und Alois Honěk. „Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as predators of conifer seeds“. Folia Oecologica 46, Nr. 1 (01.05.2019): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2019-0006.
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AbstractMany species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are important predators of seeds. While the consumption of herb seeds has been intensively studied, little attention has been paid to the consumption of seeds of gymnosperm plants. Here, we determined the consumption of seeds of six coniferous species by four common carabid species and compared carabid preference for conifer and selected common angiosperm weed seed species. In no-choice experiments, the large carabid species Pseudoophonus rufipes preferentially consumed the seeds of Picea abies, Larix decidua and Pinus sylvestris. Pinus sylvestris was also preferred by another large carabid, Pterostichus melanarius. The smaller carabids Harpalus affinis and H. rubripes consumed conifer seeds reluctantly. The intensity of seed consumption by carabids decreased with increasing seed size. In choice experiments, both of the large carabid species preferred the small conifer seeds of P. sylvestris and L. decidua over herb seeds of similar size (Dipsacus fullonum, Galeopsis speciosa, Polygonum lapathifolium). Carabids may prefer conifer seeds because of their soft seed coats, regardless of their chemical protections. Postdispersal predation of seeds by carabids may be an important mortality factor in some conifer species.
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Honěk, A., und Z. Martinková. „Aggregation of ground beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) on winter rape seeds dispersed on the ground“. Plant Protection Science 37, No. 3 (01.01.2001): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8371-pps.
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The preference of adult polyphagous ground beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) for winter rape seeds was investigated using an indirect method. Rape seeds were scattered around pitfall traps. The catches of carabid beetles in these traps and control traps without seeds were compared. The traps were exposed in two stands of winter wheat. In the wheat stand where overall carabid activity density was high, the presence of rape seeds significantly increased the catches of total seed-eating carabids, and of the two species Pseudoophonus rufipes and Calathus fuscipes. The effect was not significant in the other wheat stand where activity density was low. The aggregation of carabids at places with winter rape seeds indicated the importance of carabid predation on seeds scattered on the ground.
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Liu, Xueqin, Xinpu Wang, Ming Bai und Josh Jenkins Shaw. „Decrease in Carabid Beetles in Grasslands of Northwestern China: Further Evidence of Insect Biodiversity Loss“. Insects 13, Nr. 1 (29.12.2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13010035.
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Ground-dwelling beetles are important functional components in nutrient-poor grasslands of middle temperate steppe ecosystems in China. Here, we assessed the changes in ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) communities in the grasslands of northwestern China over 12 years to improve the management and conservation of beetles all over the world. The Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied to estimate the changes in carabid beetle communities in two regions: a desert steppe (Yanchi region), and a typical steppe and meadow steppe (Guyuan region). During the 12-year investigation, a total of 34 species were captured. We found that species abundance and richness per survey declined by 0.2 and 11.2%, respectively. Precipitation was the main factor affecting the distribution of carabid beetles. A distinct decline in carabid beetle species in the Yanchi region indicated that they may be threatened by less precipitation and loss of habitat, which could be due to climate change. Overall, species richness was stable in the Guyuan region. It is necessary to estimate and monitor the changes in carabid beetle communities in a temperate steppe of northern China and to protect them. Extensive desertification seriously threatens the distribution of carabid beetles. Future research should develop methods to protect carabid beetle communities in temperate steppes in China.
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Kirichenko-Babko, Marina, Grzegorz Łagód, Dariusz Majerek, Małgorzata Franus und Roman Babko. „The Effect of Landscape on the Diversity in Urban Green Areas“. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 24, Nr. 4 (01.12.2017): 613–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2017-0040.
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Abstract This article presented the results of a comparative analysis of carabid species compositions (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in urban green areas of the City of Lublin, Eastern Poland. In this study, the occurrence and abundance of ground beetles were analysed according to habitat preference and dispersal ability. A total of 65 carabid species were found in the three green areas. Obviously, the high species richness of ground beetles in the greenery of the Lublin is determined by the mostly undeveloped floodplain of the river Bystrzyca. The species richness of carabids and their relative abundance decrease in the assemblage of green areas under the effect of isolation of green patches and fragmentation of the semi-natural landscape elements in the urban environment. Generalists and open-habitat species significantly prevailed in all green areas. The prevailing of riparian and forest species at floodplain sites of the river Bystrzyca demonstrated the existence of a connection of the carabid assemblage with landscape of river valley. The Saski Park and gully “Rury” are more influenced by urbanization (fragmentation, isolation of green patches) and recreation that is consistent with the significant prevalence of open-habitats species in the carabid beetle assemblage.
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Kulkarni, Sharavari S., Lloyd M. Dosdall, John R. Spence und Christian J. Willenborg. „Brassicaceous Weed Seed Predation by Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)“. Weed Science 64, Nr. 2 (Juni 2016): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-15-00069.1.
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We used laboratory and field feeding trials to investigate adult carabid beetle preferences for three brassicaceous weed species (rapeseed, wild mustard, and field pennycress) that are pests in canola. All carabid species preferred seeds of rapeseed most and those of field pennycress least and showed intermediate preference for wild mustard seeds. Beetles highly preferred imbibed seeds of all three weed species. Activity–density of carabids and mean weed seed removal were highly correlated in field plots of canola, with activity–density accounting for 67% of the observed variation in seed removal. Our study indicates that seed consumption among carabids is influenced by several factors, including weed species, physiological state of seeds, and carabid activity–density. Carabid seed predation is significant in canola agroecosystems; therefore, understanding these influences has implications for ecological weed management.
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Work, Timothy T., Matti Koivula, Jan Klimaszewski, David Langor, John Spence, Jon Sweeney und Christian Hébert. „Evaluation of carabid beetles as indicators of forest change in Canada“. Canadian Entomologist 140, Nr. 4 (August 2008): 393–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n07-ls07.
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AbstractOur objective was to assess the potential of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as effective bioindicators of the effects of forest management at a Canadian national scale. We present a comparison of carabid beetle assemblages reported from large-scale studies across Canada. Based on the initial response following disturbance treatment, we found that carabid assemblages consistently responded to disturbance, but responses of individual species and changes in species composition were nested within the context of regional geography and finer scale differences among forest ecosystems. We also explored the relationship between rare and dominant taxa and species characteristics as they relate to dispersal capacity and use of within-stand habitat features such as coarse woody debris. We found no relationship between life-history characteristics (such as body size, wing morphology, or reported associations with downed wood) and the relative abundance or frequency of occurrence of species. Our results suggest that carabids are better suited to finer scale evaluations of the effects of forest management than to regional or national monitoring programs. We also discuss several knowledge gaps that currently limit the full potential of using carabids as bioindicators.
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Hiramatsu, Shinichi, und Nisikawa Usio. „Assemblage Characteristics and Habitat Specificity of Carabid Beetles in a Japanese Alpine-Subalpine Zone“. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9754376.
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In lowland areas of the world and high-altitude European mountains, the species compositions, body sizes, and wing forms of carabid beetles are known to change according to vegetation structures. However, little is known regarding the assemblage structure and habitat associations of carabid beetles in Japanese alpine-subalpine areas. We surveyed carabid beetles in four habitats (snow beds, alpine meadows, Pinus scrub, and fell-fields) in the alpine-subalpine zone on Mt. Hakusan, Japan. We surveyed carabid beetles six times between mid-July and late September. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) revealed three distinct carabid beetle assemblages in snow beds and alpine meadows, Pinus scrub, and fell-fields. The carabid beetle assemblages in the four habitats consisted predominantly of small and/or wingless species with differential spatiotemporal variability in abundance. Biota-environment (BIO-ENV) analyses showed that the percentage coverage by Pinus scrub, soil water content, and ground surface temperature were among the most significant variables affecting carabid beetle compositions. Given their small sizes and reduced wings, which are characteristic traits for limited mobility, and high-level habitat specificity, carabid beetles in the alpine-subalpine zone may serve as an important target group to monitor the impacts of global environmental change on mountain ecosystems.
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Nittérus, Karolina, Åsa Gunnarsson und Bengt Gunnarsson. „Manipulated structural variability affects the habitat choice of two ground-living beetle species in a laboratory experiment“. Entomologica Fennica 19, Nr. 2 (01.06.2008): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84423.
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The habitat choice of two ground-living carabid beetle species (Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (Fabricius) and Carabus hortensis Linneaus) was investigated in a laboratory experiment. Beetles were released in test arenas with two options of manipulated structural variability on the ground, i.e.; bare ground spots versus spots with logging residue (slash). Beetles were studied for 600 seconds and the total time spent on bare ground versus in slash was measured. The results revealed a preference for slash covered ground amongst the investigated beetles. Regardless of species or type of release spot (in the middle of the bare ground or in slash), the carabids resided significantly longer in slash compared with the bare ground. The results support recent studies emphasizing the importance of microhabitat variability for the abundance distribution of arthropods inmanaged systems.
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Rizun, Volodymyr. „Forests carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities of the «Prypiat-Stokhid» National Nature Park“. Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, Nr. 36 (10.12.2020): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36885/nzdpm.2020.36.171-180.
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Carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities of the «Prypiat-Stokhid» National Nature Park have been investigated in five types of forest in 2006 with using pitfall Barber traps method. 49 species from 25 genuses were registered. The highest carabid catchability were observed in wet alder and fresh hornbeam-oak forests and the lowest in dry pine and fresh oak-pine forests. Generally 4 carabid species prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger. In the dry pine forest prevailed: Syntomus truncatellus, Broscus cephalotes, Harpalus flavescens, Pterostichus strenuus, Calathus erratus, Oodes helopioides. In the fresh oak-pine forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Agonum duftschmidi, Carabus violaceus, C. hortensis, Oodes helopioides, Pterostichus minor, P. niger. In the fresh hornbeam-oak forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, P. Nigrita. In the wet oak-pine forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, Epaphius secalis, Pterostichus rhaeticus, Carabus arcensis, Pterostichus minor. In the wet alder forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, P. melanarius.
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Bourassa, S., H. A. Cárcamo, J. R. Spence, R. E. Blackshaw und K. Floate. „Effects of crop rotation and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant corn on ground beetle diversity, community structure, and activity density“. Canadian Entomologist 142, Nr. 2 (April 2010): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n09-017.
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AbstractGround beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) were sampled in conventional and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) corn, Zea mays L. (Poaceae), planted under rotation with canola, Brassica L. (Brassicaceae), or continuously cropped corn to investigate the influence of corn variety and rotation on the structure of carabid assemblages. Corn variety, cultivation regime, and their interaction all influenced overall carabid activity density. Weed management associated with corn variety influenced the activity density of a few carabid species and this was attributed to changes in vegetation. Some smaller bodied carabids such as Bembidion quadrimaculatum L. were less abundant in GMHT plots, probably because weed density was higher in midseason, but the opposite was observed for larger bodied carabids such as Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger). Overall, rotating corn with canola had a stronger effect on carabid community structure than did corn variety. We suggest that GMHT corn has little impact on the overall carabid fauna but may influence the activity of certain species through effects on the weed community.
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Šejnohová, Hana. „The dynamics of carabid beetles (Carabidae) of floodplain forest in Southern Moravia“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 54, Nr. 1 (2006): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200654010107.
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During the years 1993–2001 the monitoring of the soil surface invertebrates was carried out in the flood- plain forest in the Ranšpurk National Nature Reserve (Southern Moravia). The dynamics of carabid beetles is described in detail in this paper. A total of 8 529 individuals belonging to 67 carabid species was collected. The most abundant species were Pterostichus niger (Schaller, 1783), Nebria brevicollis (Fabricius, 1792), Carabus ullrichi Germar, 1824, Carabus violaceus Linnaeus, 1758, Abax carinatus (Duftschmid, 1812), Patrobus atrorufus (Stroem, 1768), Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798), Carabus granulatus Linnaeus, 1758, Poecilus cupreus (Linnaeus, 1758), Bembidion mannerheimi C. R. Sahlberg, 1827 and Epaphius secalis (Paykull, 1790). During the years 1993–1996 the species composi- tion indicated especially the drainage of the locality. In July 1997, a disastrous flood affected all groups of invertebrates, including the carabids. The abundance of hygrophilous species increased extremely during the years after the flood. The summer flood showed that the submersion of the soil surface had higher impact on carabid taxocenoses than flooding by system of canals.
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Teofilova, Teodora. „New data about Bulgarian ground beetles from subfamilies Nebriinae, Carabinae and Cicindelinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae)“. Historia naturalis bulgarica 43, Nr. 6 (09.12.2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.48027/hnb.43.061.
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Bulgarian ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) fauna is relatively well studied but there are still many species and regions in the country which are not well researched. The present study aims at complementing the data about the distribution of the carabids from the subfamilies Nebriinae, Carabinae and Cicindelinae, which contain some of the most attractive Palaearctic carabids. Currently, 13 species of Nebriini, ten species of Notiophilini, one species of Cychrini, 28 species of Carabini and 15 species of Cicindelini are known to occur in Bulgaria. The paper gives new information and new records on 37 carabid species and 25 zoogeographical regions in Bulgaria. Beetles are collected in the period from 1976 to 2021 by different collectors and sampling methods. Six species are recorded for the first time in different regions. Four species are reported for the second time in the regions where they have currently been collected. Fourteen species haven’t been reported for more than 20 years from the Middle and Western Stara Planina Mts, Western Bulgaria Region, Kraishte Region, Boboshevo-Simitli Valley, Vitosha Mts, Plana Mt, Lyulin Mts, Rila Mts and Pirin Mts.
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Silver, Anita, Sean Perez, Melanie Gee, Bethany Xu, Shreeya Garg, Kipling Will und Aman Gill. „Persistence of the ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) microbiome to diet manipulation“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 3 (19.03.2021): e0241529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241529.
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Host-associated microbiomes can play important roles in the ecology and evolution of their insect hosts, but bacterial diversity in many insect groups remains poorly understood. Here we examine the relationship between host environment, host traits, and microbial diversity in three species in the ground beetle family (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a group of roughly 40,000 species that synthesize a wide diversity of defensive compounds. This study used 16S amplicon sequencing to profile three species that are phylogenetically distantly related, trophically distinct, and whose defensive chemical secretions differ: Anisodactylus similis LeConte, 1851, Pterostichus serripes (LeConte, 1875), and Brachinus elongatulus Chaudoir, 1876. Wild-caught beetles were compared to individuals maintained in the lab for two weeks on carnivorous, herbivorous, or starvation diets (n = 3 beetles for each species-diet combination). Metagenomic samples from two highly active tissue types—guts, and pygidial gland secretory cells (which produce defensive compounds)—were processed and sequenced separately from those of the remaining body. Bacterial composition and diversity of these ground beetles were largely resilient to controlled changes to host diet. Different tissues within the same beetle harbor unique microbial communities, and secretory cells in particular were remarkably similar across species. We also found that these three carabid species have patterns of microbial diversity similar to those previously found in carabid beetles. These results provide a baseline for future studies of the role of microbes in the diversification of carabids.
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Rivers, Ariel, Christina Mullen, John Wallace und Mary Barbercheck. „Cover crop-based reduced tillage system influences Carabidae (Coleoptera) activity, diversity and trophic group during transition to organic production“. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 32, Nr. 6 (10.01.2017): 538–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170516000466.
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AbstractOrganic grain growers rely on cultural practices and biological control to regulate pests, and the implementation and timing of cultural practices can affect many characteristics of the cropping system as a habitat for natural enemies of arthropod pests. Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in particular are important insect and weed-seed predators, and are sensitive to crop rotations, tillage and environmental complexity. In a reduced tillage system in transition to organic management, we evaluated the effect of cover crop species and termination date, crop rotation and high residue cultivation on ground and tiger beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) activity-density, community composition and size and trophic groups. The 3-year experiment included a sequence of corn (Zea maysL.), soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). A mixture of hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth) and triticale (xTriticosecaleWittmack) preceded corn, and cereal rye (Secale cerealeL.) preceded soybean, and each crop sequence was present in each year (full-entry). We compared three cover crop termination (and cash crop planting) dates by terminating the overwintered cover crops with a roller-crimper, and immediately or soon after, we no-till planted corn and soybean through the mat created by the rolled cover crops. In the corn and soybean phases of the rotation, we also compared inter-row cultivation as a pest management strategy to a control treatment (no inter-row cultivation in corn, and an alternative row-spacing in soybean). Wheat was planted on a single date in each year into tilled soil. Carabids were sampled using pitfall traps 2 weeks after termination of the two cover crop treatments, and in mid-June in wheat. Carabid activity-density and species richness increased across the experimental site during the 3-year transition, and community evenness across the experimental site increased by the third year. Crop species influenced carabid community composition, and by the third year, the carabid community was comparable between wheat and hairy vetch-triticale cover crop. The late cover crop termination date was positively associated with higher activity-densities of large carabids in rolled hairy vetch-triticale and rolled cereal rye; carnivorous beetles in rolled hairy vetch-triticale; and granivorous beetles in rolled cereal rye. Inter-row cultivation occurring in corn and soybean resulted in a significantly higher proportion of small beetles in the wheat phase of the rotation, with a significantly higher proportion of large beetles in wheat treatments, which had not received inter-row cultivation in corn and soybean. Results have strong implications for management during the transition to organic, including the importance of plant residue, reduced tillage and timing of cover crop termination dates for augmenting carabid populations.
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Hana, Foffová, Ćavar Zeljković Sanja, Honěk Alois, Martinková Zdenka, Tarkowski Petr und Saska Pavel. „Which Seed Properties Determine the Preferences of Carabid Beetle Seed Predators?“ Insects 11, Nr. 11 (04.11.2020): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11110757.
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Ground beetles are important invertebrate seed predators in temperate agro-ecosystems. However, there is a lack of information regarding which seed properties are important to carabids when they select seeds for consumption. Therefore, seed properties, such as size, shape, morphological defence, and chemical composition, were measured, and in addition to seed taxonomy and ecology, these data were used to explain carabid preferences. Carabid preferences were assessed using a multi-choice experiment with 28 species of weed seeds presented to 37 species of Carabidae. Multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM) was used to determine the importance of particular sets of seed properties for carabids. The analysis was conducted for the full set of carabids (37 species) as well as for subsets of species belonging to the tribes of Harpalini or Zabrini. For the complete set of species, seed dimensions, seed mass, taxonomy, plant strategy, and seed coat properties significantly explained carabid preferences (proportion of explained variance, R2 = 0.465). The model for Harpalini fit the data comparably well (R2 = 0.477), and seed dimensions, seed mass and seed coat properties were significant. In comparison to that for Harpalini, the model for Zabrini had much lower explanatory power (R2 = 0.248), and the properties that significantly affected the preferences were seed dimensions, seed mass, taxonomy, plant strategy, and seed coat properties. This result suggests that the seed traits that carabids respond to may be specific to taxonomic and likely relate to the degree of specialisation for seeds. This study contributes to understanding the mechanisms that determine the preferences of carabid beetles for seeds.
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Platen, Ralph, Thomas Kalettka und Christian Ulrichs. „Kettle Holes in the Agrarian Landscape: Isolated and Ecological Unique Habitats for Carabid Beetles (Col.: Carabidae) and Spiders (Arach.: Araneae)“. Journal of Landscape Ecology 9, Nr. 2 (01.11.2016): 29–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlecol-2016-0007.
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Abstract Kettle holes are small depressional wetlands and because of the high variability of site factors they are potential hotspots of biodiversity in the monotone arable land. We investigated eight kettle holes and two agrarian reference biotopes for carabid beetles and spiders. The animals were captured with pitfall traps from May to August 2005, along with surveys of the soil and vegetation. We asked whether each kettle hole has specific ecological properties which match with characteristic carabid beetle and spider coenoses and whether they represent isolated biotopes. Differences in the composition of ecological and functional groups of carabid beetles and spiders between the plots were tested with an ANOVA. The impact of the soil variables and vegetation structure on the distribution of species was analyzed with a Redundancy Analysis. The assemblage similarities between the kettle hole plots were calculated by the Wainstein-Index. Ecological groups and habitat preferences of carabid beetles had maximal expressions in seven different kettle holes whereas most of the ecological characteristics of the spiders had maximal expression in only two kettle holes. High assemblage similarity values of carabid beetle coenoses were observed only in a few cases whereas very similar spider coenoses were found between nearly all of the kettle holes. For carabid beetles, kettle holes represent much more isolated habitats than that for spiders. We concluded that kettle holes have specific ecological qualities which match with different ecological properties of carabid beetles and spiders and that isolation effects affect carabid beetles more than spiders.
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Niemelä, Jari. „Habitat distribution of carabid beetles in Tierra del Fuego, South America“. Entomologica Fennica 1, Nr. 1 (01.01.1990): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.83348.
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Carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) were collected along the principal phytogeographic gradient, from the semiarid steppe in the northeast to the evergreen rain forests in the southwest, in Tierra del Fuego and southern Patagonia, South America. Altogether 2143 carabids belonging to 28 taxa were found. The three most abundant species were Migaclops latus (30%), Abropus carnifex (19%) and Cascellius gravesii (14%). The phytogeographical gradient was divided into five habitat types, ranging from steppe and woodlancl to evergreen forests. The abundances of the dominant carabid species varied among the habitat types. Metius species were most numerous in the steppe and open woodland, and Trechisibus spp. and M. latus in Nothofagus beech forests. A. carnifex Antarctonomus complanatus, Antarctonomus complanatus and Ceroglossus suturalis were associated with evergreen forests. C. gravesii was fairly evenly distributed among the forests, but was not found in the steppe. A historical overview of entomological research in Tiena del Fuego is presented and the transatlantic and bipolar distribution ofthe Fuegian carabid fauna is discussed.
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Oliveira-Hofman, Camila, Vinícius S. Victor, Lance J. Meinke und Julie A. Peterson. „Molecular Gut-Content Analysis of Adult Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Provides No Evidence of Predation of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in a Nebraska Corn Agroecosystem“. Journal of Entomological Science 55, Nr. 4 (26.10.2020): 448–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-55.4.448.
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Abstract This study was conducted to characterize the ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) community in Nebraska continuous cornfields and investigate the potential for predation of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, a key root-feeding insect pest that is an annual management challenge in this system. Seven collection dates were conducted at five commercial cornfields in west central Nebraska during the growing season of 2014. In each field, carabids were sampled using five 24-h pitfall traps. Carabid specimens were placed in 95% ethanol in the field and stored at –20°C to preserve DNA. After identification to the species level, DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction was conducted for gut-content analysis using D. v. virgifera-specific primers. Data from single-plant emergence cages and yellow sticky cards showed high abundance of D. v. virgifera prey in three of the five fields sampled. Sixteen genera and 36 carabid species were found in pitfall traps. Of the total 235 carabid specimens tested in this study, zero tested positive for D. v. virgifera DNA. The lack of positive results for the presence of D. v. virgifera DNA in the gut-contents of carabids, despite abundant pest populations, indicates that, in this system, ground beetles may not be a strong mortality agent of D. v. virgifera. However, results presented here contribute to our knowledge of carabid diversity in agroecosystems and indicate that future D. v. virgifera biological control efforts in this region should focus on other natural enemies and/or other life stages of carabids, such as larvae.
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Lalonde, Olivier, Anne Légère, F. Craig Stevenson, Michèle Roy und Anne Vanasse. „Carabid beetle communities after 18 years of conservation tillage and crop rotation in a cool humid climate“. Canadian Entomologist 144, Nr. 5 (04.07.2012): 645–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2012.55.
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AbstractAgricultural practices affect the biotic and abiotic conditions that determine food and shelter for carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). We hypothesised that carabid communities would respond differently to 18 years of contrasted cropping practices in cereal-based rotations. We measured the effects of tillage (MP: moldboard plough; CP: chisel plough; NT: no-till) and previous crop sequence (cereal monoculture versus cereal–forage/cereal–oilseed rotation) on carabid beetle activity density, diversity, and community structure in corn (Zea mays Linnaeus, Poaceae) at La Pocatière, Québec, Canada. Carabid beetles were sampled monthly from May to September 2006, using pitfall traps. Although 19 carabid species were observed, assemblages were dominated by Harpalus rufipes (De Geer), particularly in the second half of the season. Multivariate analyses indicated a strong affinity of carabid species for the NT treatment throughout the season. Crop sequence and tillage had no effect on diversity (Shannon's H′ ≤ 1.3) and evenness of carabid assemblage, but species richness and activity density were greater in NT than in tilled systems. Peak activity density of dominant species occurred at different times during the season, generally in accordance with preferred breeding season. Many species had greater activity density in NT than in tilled treatments. Because of their granivorous feeding habit, carabid populations such as that of H. rufipes could be an important asset to NT, given the limited weed management options available for this system.
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Heitmann, Nadja, Michael Glemnitz, Peter Lentzsch, Ralph Platen und Marina E. H. Müller. „Quantifying the Role of Ground Beetles for the Dispersal of Fusarium and Alternaria Fungi in Agricultural Landscapes“. Journal of Fungi 7, Nr. 10 (14.10.2021): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7100863.
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The spread by arthropods (zoochory) is an essential dispersal mechanism for many microorganisms, like plant pathogens. Carabid beetles are very abundant and mobile ground-dwelling insects. However, their role in the dispersal of economically relevant phytopathogens, like Fusarium and Alternaria fungi is basically unknown. We quantified the total fungal, Fusarium, and Alternaria load of carabid species collected in the transition zones between small water bodies and wheat fields by screening (i) their body surface for fungal propagules with a culture-dependent method and (ii) their entire bodies for fungal DNA with a qPCR approach. The analysis of entire bodies detects fungal DNA in all carabid beetles but Alternaria DNA in 98% of them. We found that 74% of the carabids carried fungal propagules on the body surface, of which only half (49%) carried Fusarium propagules. We identified eight Fusarium and four Alternaria species on the body surface; F. culmorum was dominant. The fungal, Fusarium and Alternaria, load differed significantly between the carabid species and was positively affected by the body size and weight of the carabids. Carabid beetles reveal a remarkable potential to disseminate different fungi. Dispersal by ground-dwelling arthropods could affect the spatial-temporal patterns of plant disease and microorganisms in general.
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Heitmann, Nadja, Michael Glemnitz, Peter Lentzsch, Ralph Platen und Marina E. H. Müller. „Quantifying the Role of Ground Beetles for the Dispersal of Fusarium and Alternaria Fungi in Agricultural Landscapes“. Journal of Fungi 7, Nr. 10 (14.10.2021): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7100863.
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The spread by arthropods (zoochory) is an essential dispersal mechanism for many microorganisms, like plant pathogens. Carabid beetles are very abundant and mobile ground-dwelling insects. However, their role in the dispersal of economically relevant phytopathogens, like Fusarium and Alternaria fungi is basically unknown. We quantified the total fungal, Fusarium, and Alternaria load of carabid species collected in the transition zones between small water bodies and wheat fields by screening (i) their body surface for fungal propagules with a culture-dependent method and (ii) their entire bodies for fungal DNA with a qPCR approach. The analysis of entire bodies detects fungal DNA in all carabid beetles but Alternaria DNA in 98% of them. We found that 74% of the carabids carried fungal propagules on the body surface, of which only half (49%) carried Fusarium propagules. We identified eight Fusarium and four Alternaria species on the body surface; F. culmorum was dominant. The fungal, Fusarium and Alternaria, load differed significantly between the carabid species and was positively affected by the body size and weight of the carabids. Carabid beetles reveal a remarkable potential to disseminate different fungi. Dispersal by ground-dwelling arthropods could affect the spatial-temporal patterns of plant disease and microorganisms in general.
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Saska, P., W. van der Werf, E. de Vries und P. R. Westerman. „Spatial and temporal patterns of carabid activity-density in cereals do not explain levels of predation on weed seeds“. Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, Nr. 2 (13.12.2007): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485307005512.
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AbstractSeed predation is an important component of seed mortality of weeds in agro-ecosystems, but the agronomic use and management of this natural weed suppression is hampered by a lack of insight in the underlying ecological processes. In this paper, we investigate whether and how spatial and temporal variation in activity-density of granivorous ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) results in a corresponding pattern of seed predation. Activity-density of carabids was measured by using pitfall traps in two organic winter wheat fields from March to July 2004. Predation of seeds (Capsella bursa-pastoris,Lamium amplexicaule,Poa annuaandStellaria media) was assessed using seed cards at the same sites and times. As measured by pitfall traps, carabids were the dominant group of insects that had access to the seed cards. In the field, predation of the four different species of seed was in the order:C. bursa-pastoris>P. annua>S. media>L. amplexicaule; and this order of preference was confirmed in the laboratory using the dominant species of carabid. On average, seed predation was higher in the field interior compared to the edge, whereas catches of carabids were highest near the edge. Weeks with elevated seed predation did not concur with high activity-density of carabids. Thus, patterns of spatial and temporal variation in seed predation were not matched by similar patterns in the abundance of granivorous carabid beetles. The lack of correspondence is ascribed to effects of confounding factors, such as weather, the background density of seeds, the composition of the carabid community, and the phenology and physiological state of the beetles. Our results show that differences in seed loss among weed species may be predicted from laboratory trials on preference. However, predator activity-density, as measured in pitfall traps, is an insufficient predictor of seed predation over time and space within a field.
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Osawa, Naoya, Atsumi Terai, Keiichi Hirata, Asami Nakanishi, Ayumi Makino, Shinjiro Sakai und Shozo Sibata. „Logging impacts on forest carabid assemblages in Japan“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, Nr. 11 (01.11.2005): 2698–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-188.
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We hypothesized that small-area logging (<1 ha) would greatly affect microhabitats of carabid beetles. To test this hypothesis, we studied the carabid assemblages at Kamigamo Experimental Station, Kyoto, Japan, from June 1999 to May 2001. From the analysis of the number of individuals and niche breadth, the numbers of large carnivores (Carabus dehanii Chaudoir, Carabus maiyasanus Bates, and Carabus yaconinus Bates) and large insectivores (Chlaenius posticalis Motschulsky and Haplochlaenius costiger (Chaudoir)) decreased because of logging, whereas the small carabids, Synuchus arcuaticollis (Motschulsky) and Synuchus cycloderus (Bates), may not have been negatively influenced by logging. The mass of the FH layer significantly affected the total number of Pterostichus latemarginatus (Straneo) and marginally affected the number of S. cycloderus. However, soil water content (%) and the mass of the L layer did not affect the total number of individuals in any species. The results of this study imply that (1) the richness of the FH layer and vegetation, that is, the potential food abundance and habitat richness, is involved in determining species richness and the density of the carabid assemblages and (2) even small-area logging may have a negative impact on the density of the large predatory carabids, which are sensitive indicators of forest disturbance.
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Fattorini, Simone, Cristina Mantoni, Davide Bergamaschi, Lorenzo Fortini, Francisco J. Sánchez, Letizia Di Biase und Andrea Di Giulio. „Activity density of carabid beetles along an urbanisation gradient“. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 66, Suppl. (28.12.2020): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17109/azh.66.suppl.21.2020.
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Several works have investigated the impact of urbanisation on carabid activity density using urban-rural gradients. Such works compared activity density recorded from green spaces located in different parts of a city and assigned to categories of increasing urban intensity, which poses two problems: (1) since the gradient is divided into categories, it is impossible to model continuous variations in biotic responses, and (2) sites representative of different urbanisation levels are not true segments of the same ecological continuum. To surpass these problems, we modelled variations in carabid activity density along an urban-rural transect within a single green space extending from the city centre of Rome to rural environments. Carabids were sampled by pitfall traps from sites distributed along the entire gradient. We used breakpoint regressions to model how (1) carabid activity density, (2) carabids/beetles ratio, (3) carabids/insects ratio and (3) carabids/arthropods ratio varied along the gradient. As already observed for various organisms in urban environments, we found that activity density of carabids and their contribution to the abundance of beetles, insects and arthropods, peaked in the middle of the gradient. This supports the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, according to which moderate urbanisation may favour diversity by increasing habitat heterogeneity.
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Cutler, G. C., J. M. Renkema, C. G. Majka und J. M. Sproule. „Carabidae (Coleoptera) in Nova Scotia, Canada wild blueberry fields: prospects for biological control“. Canadian Entomologist 144, Nr. 6 (16.11.2012): 779–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2012.76.
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AbstractThe Carabidae (Coleoptera) are a diverse family of beetles with almost 300 species identified in Nova Scotia, Canada. Carabid beetle communities have been studied in several agricultural systems, but not wild blueberries, an important crop in eastern Canada. In the interest of potentially developing conservation biological control programs in wild blueberry, we collected Carabidae in crop (fruit-bearing) and sprout (vegetative) blueberry fields in Nova Scotia in order to assess species diversity and abundance over space and time. Over 3200 specimens were collected, representing 51 species. A large portion of collected specimens (39%) were nonnative, and the most abundant species were generally predacious and synanthropic. Species diversity tended to be higher near forest edges than further into fields, but not for all abundant species. Several of the most prominent predators showed significant differences in preference of crop versus sprout fields, distribution throughout fields, and seasonable abundance. These findings have implications for conservation biological control efforts with carabid beetles against several insect pests in wild blueberry.
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Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Ali A. Elgharbawy, Iftekhar Rasool, Peter Nagel und Hathal M. Aldhafer. „The Carabidae (Coleoptera) of Shada Al-A’Ala Nature Reserve, Southwestern Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of Paussinae“. ZooKeys 812 (03.01.2019): 93–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.812.30937.
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We report the Carabidae collected at the Shada Al-A’Ala Nature Reserve (SANR) in Baha Province in southwestern Saudi Arabia during 2013–2015. In total, 62 carabid species and subspecies representing 39 genera, 17 tribes, and 10 subfamilies were identified, including one new species, Paussusminutulus Nagel & Rasool, sp. n, four new country records, and 24 species that are new provincial records for Baha. The carabid fauna was dominated by the Lebiini with 19 species. A high number of species were rarely collected (34 species) in comparison to the more abundant and common species (9 species). The highest number of species (52 species) was collected during autumn. The carabids of SANR are represented by a large component of Afrotropical faunal elements (28.1%) and smaller numbers of Oriental species (3.5%) and endemic taxa (5.3%). In comparison to Garf Raydah Nature Reserve in Asir Province, also in southwestern Saudi Arabia, SANR had an equal number of carabids sharing 64.5% of the species but with lower number of endemic elements. Our study can serve as a component for implementing a conservation plan for SANR using carabid beetles as sentinel taxa. These research results may support future ecological studies on SNAR carabids.
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Суходольская, Раиса Анатольевна, Сергей Леонидович Лузянин, Ираида Геннадьевна Воробьева, Виктор Валентинович Алексанов und Вилия Булатовна Минязова. „ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ РАЗМЕРОВ И ПОЛОВОЙ ДИМОРФИЗМ ЖУЖЕЛИЦЫ PTEROSTICHUS MELANARIUS Ill. В ГОРОДАХ“. Российский журнал прикладной экологии, Nr. 1 (25.03.2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/2411-7374.2022.1.15.22.
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Размер организма является интегральным признаком, непосредственно влияющим на параметры его приспособленности к окружающей среде. Оценка характера изменчивости размеров организмов того или иного вида особенно актуальна в отношении популяций беспозвоночных, обитающих на территориях, нарушенных антропогенной деятельностью, в том числе урбанизированных. В работе анализируются данные, характеризующие изменчивость размеров и половой диморфизм жужелицы Pterostichus melanarius ill. в городах России: Калуге, Уфе, Кемерово, Казани, Нефтекамске и Йошкар-Оле. Жуков обмеряли по 6 мерным признакам – длина и ширина надкрылий, переднеспинки и головы. Размеры особей и морфометрическая структура популяций Pterostichus melanarius ill., обитающих в городах, обнаруживает статистически значимые различия. Установлено, что наиболее крупные особи обитают в Уфе, самые мелкие – в Нефтекамске. В широтном градиенте кривая изменчивости размеров жуков исследованного вида носит пилообразный характер. Во всех выборках и по всем признакам наблюдается половой диморфизм – самки крупнее самцов. При этом наименьшие различия между самками и самцами отмечены по длине надкрылий, переднеспинки и расстоянию между глазами.
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Moore, Jean-David, Rock Ouimet, Daniel Houle und Claude Camiré. „Effects of two silvicultural practices on ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a northern hardwood forest, Quebec, Canada“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, Nr. 4 (01.04.2004): 959–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-261.
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The impact of selective cutting (6 and 8 years after treatment) and strip clear-cutting (12 and 13 years after treatment) on abundance and diversity of carabid beetles was evaluated in a northern hardwood forest of Quebec, Canada. A total of 1078 individuals belonging to 14 species were captured with pitfall traps from June to September 1996 during 2568 day-trap. Abundance of Synuchus impunctatus Say was significantly higher in clear-cut compared with uncut control strips. There were no within-species differences between selectively cut and uncut plots. None of these two silvicultural systems had any significant impacts on species diversity and richness 613 years after treatment. Although we observed an effect of strip clear-cutting on the abundance of S. impunctatus in this northern hardwood forest, the discrepancy between the response of carabids to forest disturbance in this study compared with other studies in different ecological regions suggests that the same carabid beetle species cannot be used as an indicator of forest disturbance over a large region. Our results suggest the use of carabid beetles as a disturbance indicator at the ecological-type scale (relatively similar soil and forest type) in a given region.
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Firlej, Annabelle, Annie-Ève Gagnon, Simon Laurin-Lemay und Jacques Brodeur. „Diversity and seasonal density of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in relation to the soybean aphid in soybean crop in Québec, Canada“. Canadian Entomologist 144, Nr. 4 (04.07.2012): 542–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2012.53.
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AbstractWe studied the diversity and summer seasonal activity-density of Carabidae associated with soybean fields infested by the soybean aphid (Aphis glycinesMatsumura; Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Québec, Canada. Carabid beetles were sampled in six to seven fields from June to September 2004 and 2005 using pitfall traps. A total of 33 species from 15 genera were identified, with the exoticPterostichus melanarius(Illiger) (Coleoptera: Carabidae), representing 75.8% and 84.5% of all individuals trapped in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Large variations in species richness and diversity indexes were observed between fields within and between years. Multivariate analyses showed that carabid activity-density varied as a function of field location and sampling period, with individuals belonging to species overwintering as adults being more abundant early in the growing season. There was no relationship between carabid trap catches andA. glycinesdensity, suggesting that carabid beetles do not respond numerically to soybean aphid populations at the spatial scale studied.
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Jung, Jong-Kook, und Joon-Ho Lee. „Trait-Specific Responses of Carabid Beetle Diversity and Composition in Pinus densiflora Forests Compared to Broad-Leaved Deciduous Forests in a Temperate Region“. Diversity 12, Nr. 7 (09.07.2020): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12070275.
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Since successful reforestation after the 1970s, Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) forests have become the most important coniferous forests in Korea. However, the scarcity of evidence for biodiversity responses hinders understanding of the conservation value of Korean red pine forests. This study was conducted to explore the patterns of carabid beetle diversity and assemblage structures between broad-leaved deciduous forests and P. densiflora forests in the temperate region of central Korea. Carabid beetles were sampled by pitfall trapping from 2013 to 2014. A total of 66 species were identified from 9541 carabid beetles. Species richness in broad-leaved deciduous forests was significantly higher than that in pine forests. In addition, the species composition of carabid beetles in broad-leaved deciduous forests differed from that of P. densiflora forests. More endemic, brachypterous, forest specialists, and carnivorous species were distributed in broad-leaved deciduous forests than in P. densiflora forests. Consequently, carabid beetle assemblages in central Korea are distinctively divided by forest type based on ecological and biological traits (e.g., endemisim, habitat types, wing forms, and feeding guilds). However, possible variation of the response of beetle communities to the growth of P. densiflora forests needs to be considered for forest management based on biodiversity conservation in temperate regions, because conifer plantations in this study are still young, i.e., approximately 30–40-years old.
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Růžičková, Jana, und Zoltán Elek. „Unequivocal Differences in Predation Pressure on Large Carabid Beetles between Forestry Treatments“. Diversity 13, Nr. 10 (03.10.2021): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13100484.
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Carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are considered as one of the most cardinal invertebrate predatory groups in many ecosystems, including forests. Previous studies revealed that the predation pressure provided by carabids significantly regulates the ecological network of invertebrates. Nevertheless, there is no direct estimation of the predation risk on carabids, which can be an important proxy for the phenomenon called ecological trap. In our study, we aimed to explore the predation pressure on carabids using 3D-printed decoys installed in two types of forestry treatments, preparation cuts and clear cuts, and control plots in a Hungarian oak–hornbeam forest. We estimated the seasonal, diurnal and treatment-specific aspects of the predation pressure on carabids. Our results reveal a significantly higher predation risk on carabids in both forestry treatments than in the control. Moreover, it was also higher in the nighttime than daytime. Contrarily, no effects of season and microhabitat features were found. Based on these clues we assume that habitats modified by forestry practices may act as an ecological trap for carabids. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how ecological interactions between species may change in a modified forest environment.
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Kosewska, Agnieszka, Katarzyna Nijak, Mariusz Nietupski, Renata Kędzior und Emilia Ludwiczak. „Effect of plant protection on assemblages of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in sugar beet crops in four-year rotation“. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 66, Suppl. (28.12.2020): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17109/azh.66.suppl.49.2020.
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The influence of chemical plant protection on carabid beetle assemblages was studied in an experiment conducted on fields of sugar beet at the IOR-PIB Experimental Station in Winna Góra, Poland. The experiment was composed of a block of control fields (no chemical plant protection treatments) and second block, where plant protection was carried out in compliance with the applicable plant protection program. Ground beetles were caught from May to August/September in four years, using modified Barber traps. As a result of the study, 11 881 specimens belonging to 52 species of Carabidae were collected. The most numerous species were: Harpalus rufipes, Pterostichus melanarius, Calathus ambiguus and Bembidion properans. Overall, our results demonstrate that the application of chemical plant protection treatments decreased the abundance of carabid beetles in sugar beet fields, but had no effect on species richness. The use of pesticides induced changes in some life traits of Carabidae fauna. After a pesticide application, the abundance of macropterous hemizoophages and medium carnivores with the autumn type of breeding decreased, whereas the abundance of small carnivores increased.
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Allema, A. B., W. van der Werf, J. C. J. Groot, L. Hemerik, G. Gort, W. A. H. Rossing und J. C. van Lenteren. „Quantification of motility of carabid beetles in farmland“. Bulletin of Entomological Research 105, Nr. 2 (12.02.2015): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485315000012.
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AbstractQuantification of the movement of insects at field and landscape levels helps us to understand their ecology and ecological functions. We conducted a meta-analysis on movement of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), to identify key factors affecting movement and population redistribution. We characterize the rate of redistribution using motility μ (L2 T−1), which is a measure for diffusion of a population in space and time that is consistent with ecological diffusion theory and which can be used for upscaling short-term data to longer time frames. Formulas are provided to calculate motility from literature data on movement distances. A field experiment was conducted to measure the redistribution of mass-released carabid, Pterostichus melanarius in a crop field, and derive motility by fitting a Fokker–Planck diffusion model using inverse modelling. Bias in estimates of motility from literature data is elucidated using the data from the field experiment as a case study. The meta-analysis showed that motility is 5.6 times as high in farmland as in woody habitat. Species associated with forested habitats had greater motility than species associated with open field habitats, both in arable land and woody habitat. The meta-analysis did not identify consistent differences in motility at the species level, or between clusters of larger and smaller beetles. The results presented here provide a basis for calculating time-varying distribution patterns of carabids in farmland and woody habitat. The formulas for calculating motility can be used for other taxa.
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Kulkarni, Sharavari S., Lloyd M. Dosdall, John R. Spence und Christian J. Willenborg. „Depth of Seed Burial and Gender Influence Weed Seed Predation by Three Species of Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae)“. Weed Science 63, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2015): 910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-15-00080.1.
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Ground beetles are postdispersal weed seed predators, yet their role in consuming buried seeds is not well studied. We conducted greenhouse experiments to investigate how seed burial affects consumption of weed seeds (volunteer canola) by adult ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Seed burial depth influenced seed consumption rates as demonstrated by a significant interaction between seed burial depth, carabid species, and gender of the carabid tested. We observed higher seed consumption by females of all species, and greater consumption of seeds scattered on the soil surface compared with seeds buried at any depth. However, there was evidence of seed consumption at all depths. Adults ofPterostichus melanarius(Illiger) andHarpalus affinis(Schrank) consumed more buried seeds than did those ofAmara littoralisMannerheim. Agricultural practices, such as tillage, bury seeds at different depths and based on the results of this study, these practices may reduce seed consumption by carabids. Soil conservation practices that reduce tillage (conservation or zero tillage) will favor greater weed seed predation due, in part, to the high availability of seeds at the soil surface or at shallow soil depths.
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McCravy, Kenneth W., und Jason E. Willand. „Seasonal Occurrence of Adult Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in West-Central Illinois“. Journal of Entomological Science 55, Nr. 3 (27.07.2020): 329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-55.3.329.
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Abstract The Carabidae is a diverse family of beetles with many species of interest in conservation and biological control. Carabid beetle adult seasonal activity patterns were studied in a west-central Illinois forest/reconstructed tallgrass prairie matrix over a 2-yr period using pitfall traps. We found a threefold or greater difference in carabid abundance between years. Despite lower abundance, a second year of sampling yielded seven previously undetected species. Abundance and species richness were greatest in May–July and lower in August–October. Relative abundance and species richness were consistent among months between years. Shannon diversity and effective number of species were lowest in June and July. Cyclotrachelus sodalis (LeConte) and Chlaenius platyderus Chaudoir were the two most abundant species, comprising 54.3% of total captures. These species were most abundant in July and June, respectively. Most species showed greatest abundance in spring or early summer, and declined thereafter. Collections of several species were suggestive of bimodal seasonal patterns. Carabid species composition differed significantly among months, but not between years. Our results document seasonal variation in carabid abundance and species composition, and show that sampling throughout the growing season, and multiple sampling years, provide substantial benefits for assessments of carabid diversity in this region.
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Martel, J., Y. Mauffette und S. Tousignant. „SECONDARY EFFECTS OF CANOPY DIEBACK: THE EPIGEAL CARABID FAUNA IN QUÉBEC APPALACHIAN MAPLE FORESTS“. Canadian Entomologist 123, Nr. 4 (August 1991): 851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent123851-4.
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AbstractThe impact of canopy dieback on the activity and diversity of epigeal Carabidae was studied during the summers of 1987 and 1988 in 18 maple stands in southeastern Québec, using pitfall traps. A canopy thinning index (CTI) based on severity and incidence of dieback, and on tree basal area was calculated for each of the 72 stations sampled. An analysis of variance shows that canopy dieback had a significant effect on carabid beetle activity in 1988. The CTI was negatively correlated with the carabid species richness and diversity in 1988. The number of individuals caught per station was negatively correlated with the CTI for all species combined, except for the dominant Pterostichus coracinus Newm. in 1988. These results indicate a negative response of carabid beetles to canopy dieback in 1988; the climate may have tempered the effects of dieback in 1987.
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De Heij, Stefanie E., und Christian J. Willenborg. „Connected Carabids: Network Interactions and Their Impact on Biocontrol by Carabid Beetles“. BioScience 70, Nr. 6 (06.05.2020): 490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa039.
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Abstract Carabid beetles can greatly contribute to biocontrol in agroecosystems, reducing both insect pests and weed seeds. However, insect foraging and feeding behavior can be highly dependent on the interaction network and spatial structure of the environment, which can make their biocontrol contributions variable. In the present article, we explore how the interaction network of carabids can affect their behavior and how spatial vegetation structure and specific agronomy practices can, in turn, affect the strength of interactions in their network. We suggest that research on carabid biocontrol should move toward an approach in which the network of interactions among pests, carabids, and other organisms within its spatial structure is evaluated, with equal focus on direct and indirect interactions, and provide examples of tools to do so. Overall, we believe this approach will improve our knowledge of carabid networks, help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of biocontrol, and lay the foundation for future biocontrol strategies.
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Lundgren, Jonathan, und Kenneth McCravy. „Carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Midwestern United States: a review and synthesis of recent research“. Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 4, Nr. 2 (2011): 63–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187498311x565606.
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AbstractCarabid beetles comprise a diverse and ubiquitous family of insects. Carabids are important in conservation biology and often have close associations with particular habitat types, making them useful biomonitoring organisms. Many carabids are also important biological control agents due to their predatory habits, but feeding habits within the family are quite diverse, and seed-eating or granivorous carabids can play an important role in shaping plant diversity and distributions. These qualities have particular relevance in the highly cultivated and fragmented landscape of the Midwestern U.S., and this region has become a very active one for carabid research in a variety of areas. In this paper, we review the state of carabid research in the Midwestern U.S., focusing on work published since the mid-1990s in carabid biogeography, conservation biology, biological control/pest management, feeding ecology and parasitism/health. Potentially productive directions for future research are discussed.
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Kulkarni, Sharavari S., Lloyd M. Dosdall und Christian J. Willenborg. „The Role of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Weed Seed Consumption: A Review“. Weed Science 63, Nr. 2 (Juni 2015): 355–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-14-00067.1.
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Weed management is a challenge in all agroecosystems. Given the negative consequences associated with herbicide-based weed management, it is important to consider integrated weed management options with emphasis on strategies such as biological control. Postdispersal weed seed predation by granivorous and omnivorous carabid beetles results in substantial natural suppression of weed populations. Although the role of ground beetles as “generalist predators” in various agroecosystems is known, their contribution to weed management is not well recognized. In this context, this review presents an account of carabids and their granivorous nature, the importance of a seed diet in the life histories of different carabid groups, factors affecting granivory, and their potential role in weed seed management. Below, we discuss the interrelationships among various factors influencing weed seed consumption by carabids, its consequences for weed management, and the need for future research.
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Avgin, Sakine Serap, und Hüseyin Özdikmen. „Additional Records of the Distribution and Occurrence of Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Turkey“. Journal of Entomological Science 43, Nr. 4 (01.10.2008): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-43.4.381.
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Forty-nine species/subspecies of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) were identified from specimens previously collected from several locations in Turkey. The identified specimens represented the subfamilies Carabinae (Tribe Carabini), Nebriinae (Tribe Notiophilini), Trechinae (Tribe Bembidiini), Pterostichinae (Tribes Agonini, Pterostichini, Zabrini), Harpalinae (Tribe Harpalini), Callistinae (Tribes Licinini, Callistini), Lebiinae (Tribe Lebiini), and Brachininae (Tribe Brachinini). The majority (n = 20) of species/subspecies represented the subfamily Harpalinae. All species/subspecies identified had been previously reported from Turkey; however, the reported distribution of each was expanded into additional provinces with this study. The majority of the new records were from Niğde (n = 24) and Ankara (n = 15). Other new records were from Aksaray (5), Nevşehir (3), Sinop (2), Samsun (2), Rize (2), Afyon (1), Konya (1), and Kayseri (1). These data add to our knowledge of carabid distribution in Turkey.
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Sukhodolskaya, R. A., D. N. Vavilov, T. A. Gordienko und T. R. Mukhametnabiev. „Variability of Assemblage Structure and Body Sizes in the Ground Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) Along an Anthropogenic Impact Gradient“. Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology, Nr. 1 (23.03.2020): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2020-1-99-114.
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Carabus communities of the industrial, habitual and recreational zones in a large industrial center (Nizhnekamsk City, Republic of Tatarstan) were examined. 31 species were revealed, and the highest abundance and diversity was in the recreational zone (23 species). Similar species (Carabus cancellatus Illiger, 1798, Pterostichus niger Schaller, 1783 and Pterostichus oblongopunctatus Fabricius, 1787) predominated in the industrial and recreational zones, while Pterostichus versicolor Sturm, 1824 prevailed in the habitual zone. The dynamic density of beetles was 12.1, 7.5 and 16.4 per 10 trapnights in the industrial, habitual and recreational zone, respectively. Discriminant analysis has shown significant differences of the carabids in the recreational zone from those in the other two zones ones by structure and dynamic density. In addition, multidimensional analysis has revealed differences of the carabid communities in conifer, deciduous and meadow biotopes. Urbanization also affects the morphometric structure of ground beetle populations. We chose two species – Pterostichus melanarius Ill., 1798 and P. niger as objects for morphometric analysis, because they had been included as model ones into the project on carabid morphometric variation on Research Gates. The body sizes of P. melanarius were smaller in the recreational zone than in the industrial one. By the morphometric structure, the populations of the species were similar in both zones explored. The beetles of P. niger increased in body size from the industrial zone to the recreational ones. The morphometric structure of populations of this species was similar in the habitual and recreational zones and differed significantly in the industrial one. Such traits as the pronotum width and the distance between eyes contributed much into discrimination.
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Deroulers, P., und V. Bretagnolle. „The consumption pattern of 28 species of carabid beetles (Carabidae) to a weed seed,Viola arvensis“. Bulletin of Entomological Research 109, Nr. 2 (05.07.2018): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485318000457.
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AbstractSeedbank control has been the cornerstone of agricultural management practices. Regulating weeds by using their predators, as a weed control strategy, may be a prerequisite of decreasing herbicide use, and has thus attracted much research investigating the possible contribution of both vertebrates and invertebrates as weed seed predators. Carabid beetles are considered as one of the most important invertebrate seed predators in agroecosystems. We aimed at investigating carabid beetle preferences to a single prey type, seeds ofViola arvensis. We measured the consumption of seeds in 28 species of carabid beetles, under controlled experimental conditions. Two main tribes are identified in tested species,Harpaliniwith 12 species andPterostichiniwith ten species. We found no relationships between species body mass andViola’s seed consumption, nor with the ratio between mandible length and labrum width (ML/LW). However, trends became significant with the ratio ML/LW when restricting these analyses to species that ate at least five seeds. In addition, we detected a positive and significant relationship between consumption rate and occurrence in trapping sessions over the last 3 years. These results are in favor of weed seeds control by carabids. Clear limits of this study are the use of a single seed species and under control conditions. This experimentation calls for additional studies to check for consistencies in consumption against seed species.
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Nováková, Lucie, und Pavla Šťastná. „Diversity of Carabidae in limestone quarries of South Moravia“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, Nr. 3 (2013): 757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361030757.
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This paper presents the results of a study of Carabid beetles in two limestone quarries in South Moravia. The first one was a limestone quarry pit called Lesní lom which is located approximately 1 km away from the northern edge of the city district of Brno-Líšeň. The second locality was a limestone quarry of Malá dohoda which is located in a protected landscape area in the northern part of Moravian Karst. Using formaldehyde pitfall traps, 1682 specimens belonging to 66 species were caught in 2012, out of which 847 specimens (49 species) were from the active quarry of Malá dohoda and 835 specimens (40 species) came from Lesní lom quarry which had already been closed for 15 years at the time of research. The most abundant species included Anchomenus dorsalis, Carabus ullrichii ullrichii, C. cancellatus, and Aptinus bombarda. Relict species collected were Aptinus bombarda, Leistus rufomarginatus, and Carabus irregularis irregularis which is together with C. cancellatus, and Cylindera germanica included in the Red List of the Czech Republic. Xerothermophilic species of Carabid beetles found refuge mainly in the quarry marginal sites. In the case of Malá dohoda quarry, the influence of the surrounding PLA Moravian Karst was evident in the distribution of Carabid beetles.
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Reich, Inga, Casi Jessie, Seung-Joon Ahn, Man-Yeon Choi, Christopher Williams, Mike Gormally und Rory Mc Donnell. „Assessment of the Biological Control Potential of Common Carabid Beetle Species for Autumn- and Winter-Active Pests (Gastropoda, Lepidoptera, Diptera: Tipulidae) in Annual Ryegrass in Western Oregon“. Insects 11, Nr. 11 (22.10.2020): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11110722.
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While carabid beetles have been shown to feed on a variety of crop pests, little is known about their species assemblages in US annual ryegrass crops, where invertebrate pests, particularly slugs, lepidopteran larvae and craneflies, incur major financial costs. This study assesses the biological control potential of carabid beetles for autumn- and winter-active pests in annual ryegrass grown for seed by: (a) investigating the spatial and temporal overlap of carabids with key pests; and (b) molecular gut content analysis using qPCR. Introduced Nebria brevicollis was the only common carabid that was active during pest emergence in autumn, with 18.6% and 8.3% of N. brevicollis collected between September and October testing positive for lepidopteran and cranefly DNA, respectively, but only 1.7% testing positive for slug DNA. While pest DNA was also detected in the guts of the other common carabid species—Agonum muelleri, Calosoma cancellatum and Poecilus laetulus—these were active only during spring and summer, when crop damage by pests is less critical. None of the four carabid species was affected by disk tilling and only N. brevicollis was significantly associated with a vegetated field margin. However, as its impact on native ecosystems is unknown, we do not recommend managing for this species.
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Ariza, Gloria Maria, Jorge Jácome, Héctor Eduardo Esquivel und D. Johan Kotze. „Early successional dynamics of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the tropical dry forest ecosystem in Colombia“. ZooKeys 1044 (16.06.2021): 877–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.59475.
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Little is known about the successional dynamics of insects in the highly threatened tropical dry forest (TDF) ecosystem. For the first time, we studied the response of carabid beetles to vegetal succession and seasonality in this ecosystem in Colombia. Carabid beetles were collected from three TDF habitat types in two regions in Colombia: initial successional state (pasture), early succession, and intermediate succession (forest). The surveys were performed monthly for 13 months in one of the regions (Armero) and during two months, one in the dry and one in the wet season, in the other region (Cambao). A set of environmental variables were recorded per month at each site. Twenty-four carabid beetle species were collected during the study. Calosoma alternans and Megacephala affinis were the most abundant species, while most species were of low abundance. Forest and pasture beetle assemblages were distinct, while the early succession assemblage overlapped with these assemblages. Canopy cover, litter depth, and soil and air temperatures were important in structuring the assemblages. Even though seasonality did not affect the carabid beetle assemblage, individual species responded positively to the wet season. It is shown that early successional areas in TDF could potentially act as habitat corridors for species to recolonize forest areas, since these successional areas host a number of species that inhabit forests and pastures. Climatic variation, like the El Niño episode during this study, appears to affect the carabid beetle assemblage negatively, exasperating concerns of this already threatened tropical ecosystem.
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de Groot, Maarten, und Al Vrezec. „Contrasting effects of altitude on species groups with different traits in a non-fragmented montane temperate forest“. Nature Conservation 37 (11.12.2019): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.37.37145.
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Temperature has strong effects on species composition and traits. These effects can differ within and between species groups. Thermoregulation and mobility are traits which can be strongly affected by altitudinal distribution. Our aim was to investigate the influence of altitude on the species richness, abundance and composition of species groups with different trophic, thermoregulatory and mobility traits. Carabids (Coleoptera; Carabidae), hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and birds (Aves: Passeriformes) were counted in three altitudinal belts with a total elevation difference of 700 m (from 300 m to 1000 m a.s.l.) in the same habitat type (non-fragmented temperate montane mixed beech and fir forest). We found that endotherms and more mobile species (i.e. birds) had a smaller turnover than ectotherms (i.e. hoverflies) and less mobile species (i.e. carabids), from which we can predict that the former species will undergo a less extreme shift than the latter in global warming scenarios. Species turnover across the altitudinal gradient increased from birds to hoverflies to carabid beetles. The effect of altitude on phenology was different between the studied ectotherm species groups (carabids and hoverflies). Hoverflies experience a phenological delay of species richness and abundance at higher altitudes in spring, but not at the end of summer, which implies that hoverfly phenology is affected by a change in temperature, while carabid beetle abundance exhibited a delay in phenology in summer at higher altitudes. We suggest that species that are expected to be most affected by climate change, such as ectotherms and species with poor dispersal ability should be prioritised as the best indicators for monitoring and conservation management purposes.
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Pisani Gareau, Tara, Christina Voortman und Mary Barbercheck. „Carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) differentially respond to soil management practices in feed and forage systems in transition to organic management“. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 35, Nr. 6 (13.08.2019): 608–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170519000255.
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AbstractWe conducted a 3-yr cropping systems experiment in central Pennsylvania, USA, to determine the effects of initial cover crop species, tillage and resulting environmental variables on the activity–density (A–D), species richness, community composition and guild composition of carabid beetles (Carabidae: Coleoptera) during the transition from conventional to organic production. We compared four systems in a factorial combination of a mixed perennial sod (timothy, Phleum pratense L.) and legumes (red clover, Trifolium pratense L.) or annual cereal grain (cereal rye, Secale cereale L.) followed by a legume (hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Roth) as initial cover crops, and soil management using full tillage (moldboard plow) or reduced tillage (chisel plow) implemented in soybeans followed by maize in the subsequent year. The experiment was established twice, first in autumn 2003 (S1) and again in autumn 2004 (S2) in an adjacent field, in a randomized complete-block design with four replicates in each Start. We collected a total of 2181 adult carabid beetles. Approximately 65% of the carabid beetles collected were from six species. Indicator Species Analysis showed that several carabid species were indicative of treatment, e.g., Poecilus chalcites was a strong indicator for treatments with an initial cereal rye cover crop. Eleven environmental variables explained variation in carabid A–D, richness and the A–D of species categorized by size class and dominant trophic behavior, respectively, but varied in significance and direction among guilds. Soil moisture was a significant effect for total carabid A–D in both S1 and S2. Redundancy analyses revealed some similar and some idiosyncratic responses among informative species for the cover crop×tillage treatments through the 3-yr rotation. The most consistent factors that distinguished species assemblages among years and treatments were the number and intensity of soil disturbances and perennial weed density. The consistent occurrence of soil disturbance indicators in multivariate analyses suggests that future studies that aim to compare the effects of nominal soil management treatments on carabid beetles and other soil-associated arthropods should quantify frequency and intensity of disturbance associated with crop management practices.
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Dávalos, Andrea, und Bernd Blossey. „Assessing capture techniques for ground beetles“. Canadian Entomologist 138, Nr. 1 (Februar 2006): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n05-018.
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AbstractWe investigated the use of wooden boards to sample ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and compared their efficacy with that of single pitfall traps and two modified pitfall traps (barrier and grouped traps). Carabid captures and species richness were similar between wooden boards and single pitfall traps, but higher in barrier and grouped traps. Although captures were higher in the modified pitfall traps, no method was consistently superior or capable of capturing all carabid species recorded at our study site. A distinct advantage of wooden boards is their ease of installation and maintenance and the fact that they can be left in remote areas for extended periods of time, eliminating the need to visit areas to open traps (if livetrapping is the desired outcome). These time savings and reduced site disturbance may make wooden boards an alternative to single pitfall traps.
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Främbs, Herbert. „THE IMPORTANCE OF HABITAT STRUCTURE AND FOOD SUPPLY FOR CARABID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) IN PEAT BOGS“. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 126, S169 (1994): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm126169145-1.
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AbstractDuring the period 1985–1989, the carabid assemblages of a raised peat bog in eastern central Sweden and of six peatlands in New York State and Maine were studied. The principal methods of investigation were pitfall trapping in summer, and quadrat sampling in winter. In addition to carabids, potential food organisms were evaluated from the pitfall catches.The bogs, although of different types and located on different continents, show similar physiognomic vegetation units. Eight of these units are considered relevant as carabid microhabitats. The carabid assemblages of open sunny, and wooded shaded habitats are clearly distinguished. Only a few species are adapted to the extreme environment of open Sphagnum L. habitats. Among them, stenotopic species are dominant. The seasonal distribution of two species on Swedish Ryggmossen [Agonum ericeti (Panzer), Pterostichus rhaeticus Heer] suggests that the carabids of open bog plateau habitats use damp Sphagnum lawns for their summer activities and migrate to drier hummocks for overwintering.On bog plateaus, larger populations of ground beetles were only found where a pronounced pattern of hummocks and hollows exists. In bogs with a prevailing uniform vegetation of Sphagnum mats, carabids were conspicuously scarce. Thus, the development of a bog indigenous carabid fauna is closely related to the presence of a hummock–hollow mosaic. The data indicate that in most bog habitats food is not a limited resource and does not play a key role as a population controlling factor.