Zeitschriftenartikel: „Car body welding“

1

Thater, Raphael, Philipp Wiethop und Michael Rethmeier. „Welding Simulation in Car Body Construction“. Laser Technik Journal 12, Nr. 2 (April 2015): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/latj.201500009.

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2

MORI, Kiyokazu, Taishi TARUI, Takahisa HASEGAWA und Nobuhiro YOSHIKAWA. „Remote Laser Welding Application for Car Body“. JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 77, Nr. 3 (2008): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.77.215.

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3

Węgrzyn, T., und R. Wieszała. „Significant Alloy Elements in Welded Steel Structures of Car Body“. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 57, Nr. 1 (01.03.2012): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-011-0151-4.

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Significant Alloy Elements in Welded Steel Structures of Car Body Structure, safety and exploitation conditions of welding steel in car body depend on many factors. The main role of that conditions is connected with car body material, welding technology, state of stress and temperature. Because of that, a good selection of steel and welding method is very important for proper steel structure. Low alloy steel is used for car body structure, very often with small amount of carbon and the amount of alloy elements such as Ni, Mn, Mo, Cr and V in car body and welded joints. Depending on the kind of steel which is used, a proper welding method and adequate filler materials should be applied. The present paper describes the influence of Mn, Ni, Mo, Cr, V in WMD (Weld Metal Deposit) on the behaviour of steel structure especially for low temperature service.

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Wegrzyn, T., J. Miroslawski, Abílio P. Silva, D. G. Pinto und M. Miros. „Oxide Inclusions in Steel Welds of Car Body“. Materials Science Forum 636-637 (Januar 2010): 585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.585.

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The goal of this research is to choose the proper method of car body welding. Properties of weld metal deposits depend on many conditions. First of all, this paper attempts to study the role of oxide inclusion sites on the transformation of austenite to acicular ferrite in steel weld metal deposits and their toughness. Safety and exploitation conditions of welded steel structure depend on many factors. The most significant of those factors are connected with materials, welding technology, state of stress and temperature. Because of that a good selection of steel and welding method is crucial to obtain proper steel structure. Car body elements of higher durability are made of low carbon and low alloy steel, very often with small amount of carbon and the amount of alloy elements such as Ni, Mn, Mo, Cr and V in low alloy steel and their welds. In the terms of the kind of steel it is used a proper welding method and adequate filler materials. In the present paper the influence of Mn, Ni, Mo, in WMD on the behaviour of steel structure for low temperature service was tested.

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Andraws, Andrew, und Károly Széll. „Examination of Spot Welded Seam of a Car Body“. Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 9, Nr. 1 (01.10.2018): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2018.09.02.

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Abstract Spot welding is widely used in car industry to create a cheap and light body and chassis. Engineers tend to use spot-welding in order of reducing the production costs, also lowering the stress intensity which can cause failure and fractures of the body or chassis. Our goal here is to examine spot-welding of a car body with different tests and find out later if there is a possibility of using a different technology that can produce a better seam that can be automated with industrial robots.

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Gullino, Alessio, Paolo Matteis und Fabio D’Aiuto. „Review of Aluminum-To-Steel Welding Technologies for Car-Body Applications“. Metals 9, Nr. 3 (11.03.2019): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9030315.

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Hybrid car bodies fabricated by joining parts made with steel and aluminum alloys are becoming increasingly common. This provides an affordable mean to decrease the car weight by using lighter or more advanced materials only where they can achieve the maximum benefit. This development is driven mainly by recent regulations on carbon dioxide emissions, and hinges on the deployment of effective joining technologies. In most cases, such technologies were not previously used in the car sector, and must be adapted to its requirements. Several dissimilar welding technologies, based on either fusion welding or solid-state welding, are reviewed here, focusing on dissimilar joining among steels and wrought aluminum alloys. These technologies are either presently being introduced in the car industry, or are used in other sectors and could be applied in the car industry in the near future.

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Kampker, Achim, Georg Bergweiler, Jan Ole Hansen und William Jan Borbola. „Jigless Laser Welding in the Car Body Production“. ATZ worldwide 119, Nr. 2 (19.01.2017): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-016-0169-3.

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8

Oikawa, Masashi, Kentaro Atsumi, Yosuke Otsuka und Naoki Kawada. „Development of Condition Monitoring System for Electric Resistance Spot Welding Used to Manufacture Railway Car Bodies“. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, Nr. 2 (20.04.2021): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p0421.

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Stainless steel railway car bodies are assembled by joining the outer plates and the pillar materials using resistance spot welding. In recent years, more and more car bodies are being assembled using laser welding in addition to the resistance spot welding. For this laser welding system, we developed a condition monitoring system considering the processes before and after laser welding as a single system, and obtained and put into practical use an appropriate condition that suppresses spatter generation during laser welding. On the other hand, in resistance spot welding, the current, weld time, electrode load, and electrode tip shape are the main factors that determine the welding quality. Therefore, the configuration of the equipment is less complicated than that of laser welding system, and the condition monitoring is easier than that of the laser welding. In this study, by transferring the concept of the condition monitoring system developed for laser welding to resistance spot welding, we achieved a reduction of more than 60% in terms of electricity consumption and improved the appearance of the car body by optimizing the indentation shape. In addition to this technical achievement, we also present in this paper a case study showing the opportunity for innovation by restructuring the technological paradigm of the resistance spot welding in the production of stainless steel car body shells.

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Spišák, Emil, Ľuboš Kaščák und Ján Viňáš. „Application of resistance spot welding in car body production“. Acta Mechanica Slovaca 19, Nr. 2 (31.10.2015): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21496/ams.2015.012.

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10

Dilthey, U., und L. Stein. „Multimaterial car body design: challenge for welding and joining“. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 11, Nr. 2 (März 2006): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174329306x85967.

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11

Hori, H., und H. Hino. „Application of friction stir welding to the car body“. Welding International 17, Nr. 4 (Januar 2003): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/wint.2003.3101.

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12

Hirose, Akio, und Kojiro F. Kobayashi. „Laser Beam Welding of Automobile Materials for Lightweight Car Body“. Materials Science Forum 502 (Dezember 2005): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.502.487.

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This paper presents laser beam welding (LBW) of an age-hardened aluminum alloy and a bake-hardening (BH) steel, which are promising materials for lightweight car body, compared with conventional arc welding. The LBW of the aluminum alloy had a significantly narrower fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ) than the arc weld and the hardness of the softened zones was almost completely recovered to the base metal hardness after a post weld aging treatment. This advantage of LBW is due to a low overall heat input resulting from its high energy density. This is also beneficial for welding of the BH steel. In the LBW of the pre-strained BH steel, both the fusion zone and HAZ were bake-hardened after a heat-treatment and the fracture occurred in the base metal in the tensile test. In contrast to this, the arc weld had a large softened zone in the HAZ and fractures in this region.

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Connolly, Christine. „Friction spot joining in aluminium car bodies“. Industrial Robot: An International Journal 34, Nr. 1 (16.01.2007): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439910710718397.

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PurposeTo review the capabilities of a new method of welding aluminium sheets for car body construction.Design/methodology/approachDescribes the friction spot joining technique, and how it differs from friction stir welding. Describes the tests carried out at the University of Warwick to compare this with other aluminium sheet joining techniques.FindingsCompared with resistance spot welding, this technique is simple, and physically and electromagnetically clean. Its low energy requirement per joint and low running costs give it advantages in joining thin materials, and eventual recycling is much easier than with self‐piercing riveting joints.Originality/valueDescribes the motivation behind the continuing development of an all‐aluminium joining technique, and compares spot friction joining with self‐pierce riveting and resistance spot welding.

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Neugebauer, Reimund, Markus Rössinger, Martin Wahl, Frank Schulz, Alexander Eckert und W. Schützle. „Predicting Dimensional Accuracy of Mechanically Joined Car Body Assemblies“. Key Engineering Materials 473 (März 2011): 973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.473.973.

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Mechanical joining of complex car body components is an essential part of lightweight construction concepts in the field of car body manufacturing. Besides the mechanical behavior of the joints, the influence on the dimensional accuracy is of particular interest, as joining techniques like clinching or self-piercing riveting cause distortion comparable to spot welding. In recent years, a lot of simplified models using the FE-Method to predict the distortion of assemblies caused by welding (weld seams, spot welds) were presented and commercialized. In contrast to thermal joining technologies, there are no such simplified models with practical relevance existing in the mechanical joining technology sector. In this paper, a new method to predict distortion, caused by different mechanical joining technologies, including effects from previous forming processes, and clamping conditions, is presented. The validation of the simplified model takes place due to an extensive design of expe-riments. It can be proved that the distortion of simple as well as of complex specimens can be relia-bly predicted.

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Lee, Woo Geun, Jung-Seok Kim, Seung-Ju Sun und Jae-Yong Lim. „The next generation material for lightweight railway car body structures: Magnesium alloys“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, Nr. 1 (28.04.2016): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716646140.

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While magnesium alloys have the attractive attributes of low density, the application of the metal in transportation industries has been restricted by its low stiffness and strength. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of lightweight railway car body construction using magnesium alloys from the structural and manufacturing perspectives. Extruded members, making up a car body, were designed employing a gradient-based optimization algorithm. And then, numerical simulations were conducted to confirm the structural performance of the newly designed car body. In addition, one of the designed members was extruded and joined with another via friction stir welding in order to verify its fabrication potential. The work demonstrated that, with just 85% of the weight of an aluminium car body currently in operation, a magnesium-based railway car body can be potentially constructed by extrusion followed by friction stir welding for the next generation rolling stocks; that is to say, the weight saving amount is 10% of the total bare frame weight, or 2% of its total rolling stock weight.

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Papkala, H. „Technological problems in spot welding of galvanized car body sheet“. Welding International 6, Nr. 5 (Januar 1992): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507119209548199.

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17

Lv, Jun Cheng, und Lian Bo Yang. „Structural Stability Analysis on 4-Dof Simple Welding Manipulator“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 159 (März 2012): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.159.277.

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The paper discusses the structural stability of 4-dof manipulator, which is suitable for welding spot of three-dimensional space concentrated distribution and approximate single-axis distribution in car body. By using the UG/CAE module, static analysis is applied to the main structure of the manipulator, and the results show that the whole structure meets the design requirement of stiffness and strength.

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Kessler, Berthold. „Fiber Laser Welding in the Car Body Shop - Laser Seam Stepper versus Remote Laser Welding -“. Journal of Welding and Joining 31, Nr. 4 (31.08.2013): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5781/kwjs.2013.31.4.17.

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19

付, 宇. „Research on Welding Seam Tracking System of Car Body Welding Robot for Aluminum Alloy EMU“. Computer Science and Application 08, Nr. 03 (2018): 410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/csa.2018.83045.

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20

Zaheer, Sana, Sana Zaheer und Raja Masood Larik. „Busway distribution system-sizing and planning aspects for automotive weld shop“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, Nr. 1 (01.07.2021): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i1.pp600-611.

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Resistance spot welding with its characteristic “dirty electrical load” is adistinctive engineering problem. The wide range of its industrial applications has made the subject an exciting research domain. Owing to the in term it tence of a welding operation, random overlapping of welding pulses, its sensitivity to voltage variation and application-specific quality control requirements, the electrical distribution system for welding loads need to be tied strongly with the process-related requirements. One of the most important applications of resistance welding is an automotive body shop, also called weld shop. This is where various units of a car body are welded together to form a shell that begins to look like a car. This paper focuses on explaining the nature of welding load and process requirements of a weld shop, leading towards the design and development of a Microsoft Excel based tool for optimal sizing of high current busway distribution system for resistance spot welding machines.This tool can be effectively used as a desktop application for efficient design development and comprehension of various design criteria. Besides, numerical based calculations have been provided with sound reasoning, progressively developing the proposed design criteria.

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Zhu, Zhi Han, und Hang Cao. „Based on CATIA Car Side Welding Fixture Design and Research“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 721 (Dezember 2014): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.721.32.

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Based on using CATIA tools for car side around the welding jig are studied, by means of CATIA platform welding jig design, according to the design flow chart, produce drawings, it is advantageous to the reasonable arrangement of assembly line production, facilitate balanced location time, reduce the non-production season with lower production cost, improve the quality of automobile body design efficiency and design purpose.

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Abdul Karim, Md, und Yeong-Do Park. „A Review on Welding of Dissimilar Metals in Car Body Manufacturing“. Journal of Welding and Joining 38, Nr. 1 (29.02.2020): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2020.38.1.1.

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OOKA, Hisayasu, und Tomohiro NOMURA. „Weight Reduction of Car Body Using Short Pitch Resistance Spot Welding“. JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 84, Nr. 7 (2015): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.84.509.

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Russo Spena, P., F. D’Aiuto, P. Matteis und G. Scavino. „Dissimilar Arc Welding of Advanced High-Strength Car-Body Steel Sheets“. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 23, Nr. 11 (27.08.2014): 3949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-1209-z.

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Haferkamp, H., O. Meier und K. Harley. „Laser Beam Welding of New High Strength Steels for Auto Body Construction“. Key Engineering Materials 344 (Juli 2007): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.723.

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With the regard to the development of modern car bodies the focus lies on low production costs, environmental sustainability and high security standards. In order to meet these requirements the weight of modern car bodies has to be reduced consistently. Amongst other things, this becomes possible by the use of new high and ultra high strength steels. These materials are characterised by their high strength, good ductility and a high absorption capacity. In addition they have a lower density in comparison to other steels. TRIP and TWIP steel belong to these high and ultra high strength steels as well as iron-manganese steel. The development of new materials also puts new demands on the joining technologies used for producing semi finished products and parts of car bodies. Due to its high flexibility, its good automation and the minor influence on the work piece, laser beam welding is an established procedure in the automotive series production. The high cooling rates in combination with a carbon equivalent of the new materials which is usually higher then 0.4% lead to a martensitic solidification of the weld seam. Martensite is characterized by its low ductility and thus affects the forming capability as well as the absorption capacity of the welded parts. In order to avoid this effect a new process has been developed within the scope of the collaborative research program 362 (SFB 362, 1993-2005) at the Laser Zentrum Hannover. Using that process the weld seam structure is inductively annealed directly after the welding process. Experiments with high strength steel like TRIP700 and H320LA have shown that the tempering leads to an increase of ductility. The process is suitable for butt joints and overlap joints and is to be transferred into industrial usage within the scope of the project “Laser Beam Welding of Car Body Parts Made of High and Ultra High Strength Steel”. Based on the results obtained in the SFB 362 continuous investigations will be made in order to qualify the process for boron alloyed steel and iron-manganese steel.

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Kim, Ki Soon, Chang Ho Jung, In Sung Chang und Heui Bom Lee. „Development of Remote Welding System Using Fiber Laser“. Materials Science Forum 580-582 (Juni 2008): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.511.

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In recent years, many of automotive companies are using laser welding in car body assembly shop. Even though laser welding is better than resistance spot welding in many points, its application has been limited in special manufacturing areas. This paper describes a new laser welding system named by Remote Welding System (RWS) developed at Hyundai Motor Company and comprised of fiber laser, industrial robot and remote welding head. In this technology, welding efficiency can be dramatically improved since its remote welding head where laser continuously finds next welding stitches in advance. Therefore, positioning time of laser is near to zero. It is a good solution for welding in mass production.

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Ravichandran, R. „Stainless Steel Welding in Railways“. Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.340.

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Railways form the lifeline of the transport network in our country. Indian Railways command a large market share of the over-land passenger and freight traffic. To sustain this, rail industry is required to technologically and commercially challenge superior highways and advanced technology of road vehicles and also the competitive airlines. Thick and thin sheet metals are widely used in wagon and rail car body fabrication respectively. Rail coach manufacturing sector is in the new challenging phase due to acquirement and adoption of German and Korean technologies and arrival of multinational companies viz M/S Bombardier & M/S Alstom. Thin sheet metal fabrication demands aerodynamic profiles larges size bodies with high level of aesthetic and dent free surface. Thick sheet metal fabrication demands larges size bodies with high level of structural rigidity and dimensional stability .The outer skin of the rail coach body is generally made through thin sheet metal parts and stiffened with moldings, pressings and stamped sections. In the recent past rail car manufactures has been switching over from HSLA steel to stainless steel to acquire the benefit of the later: primarily corrosion resistance Capability and durability and ease of maintenance. The manufacturing practices, challenges addressed during fabrication are brought out.

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Yang, Ying, Guangyao Zhao, Dongbo Ma und Xiaobin Xu. „Mode Calculation and Testing of a Car Body in White“. Shock and Vibration 18, Nr. 1-2 (2011): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/921542.

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The dynamic parameters of a car body in white (BIW) are important during a new car developing. Based on the finite element method, the model of a BIW is developed in which the welding points are treated specially as a new element type and the vibration modes of it are calculated. In modal testing, a fixed sine-sweeping exciter is used to conduct a single-point input force for the structure, whereas the output responses are picked up at different points to identify modes. The obtained modes are coincided both with the FE results and the practical testing.

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Kaščák, Luboš, Emil Spišák, Emília Spišáková und Ivan Gajdoš. „Clinching - An Innovative Trend in Joining of Combined Materials in Car Body Production“. Materials Science Forum 818 (Mai 2015): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.818.217.

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Various ferrous and non-ferrous materials and their combinations are used in car body production in automotive industry. The most commonly used method for joining the materials is resistance spot welding. Some materials or combinations of materials are very difficult or impossible to join by resistance spot welding. Therefore, car producers are seeking for alternative joining methods. One of the innovative joining alternatives is clinching. The paper presents the results of evaluation of clinched joint properties. The high-strength dual-phase steel sheet DP600 in combination with the drawing grade steel sheets DC06, DX53D+Z and DX51D+Z were used for experiments. The influence of position of the sheets relative to the punch and die of the tool on the carrying capacities of the clinched joints was observed as well. The tension test and metallographical analysis were used for the evaluation of clinched joint properties.

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Kaščák, Ľuboš, Emil Spišák, Janka Majerníková und René Kubík. „Clinching of Dual-Phase Steels as an Alternative to Resistance Spot Welding“. Materials Science Forum 919 (April 2018): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.919.68.

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Resistance spot welding is the dominant method for joining the materials in the car body production. Progressive materials are being developed to improve the car’s fuel consumption and the safety of passengers as well. Advanced high strength dual-phase steels are such materials. Despite of the dominancy of resistance spot welding in car body production, innovative methods are being developed to reduce the joining time, process costs and improve the load-bearing capacity of a particular joint. Mechanical clinching is such process. The research focused on the evaluation of the possibility of clinching as an alternative method to the resistance spot welding. Experimental samples were prepared from dual-phase steel sheets DP600. The samples were tested by uniaxial tensile test, microhardness test and metallographic observations. Both joining methods have advantages and disadvantages which could destine them for specific utilization. Clinching joining is a progressive, fast and low-cost technique, but the joint’s load-bearing capacity is lower when compared to resistance spot weld.

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Zhou, Shiquan, Yi Zhao, Zhenguo Peng und Fangjie Ren. „The Investigation of Laser Lap Welding Process on High-Strength Galvanized Steel Sheets“. ISRN Mechanical Engineering 2011 (11.04.2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/923964.

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The development of automobile steel was analyzed in this paper; it is pointed out that high-strength galvanized steel will be widely used in the car body structure. By analyzing welding problems about the dual phase (DP) series of high-strength galvanized steel, the importance of laser welding was concerned. Finally, laser lap welding process technology of high-strength galvanized steel was studied; the results show that the lap weld with welding process smooth and spatter-free as well as beautiful welding bead surface appearance and good mechanical properties can be made by using the dual-beam laser welding technology and interlayer for welding high-strength galvanized steel.

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Lisiecki, A., R. Burdzik, G. Siwiec, Ł. Konieczny, J. Warczek, P. Folęga und B. Oleksiak. „Disk Laser Welding of Car Body Zinc Coated Steel Sheets / Spawanie Laserem Dyskowym Blach Ze Stali Karoseryjnej Ocynkowanej“. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, Nr. 4 (01.12.2015): 2913–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0465.

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Autogenous laser welding of 0.8 mm thick butt joints of car body electro-galvanized steel sheet DC04 was investigated. The Yb:YAG disk laser TruDisk 3302 with the beam spot diameter of 200 μm was used. The effect of laser welding parameters and technological conditions on weld shape, penetration depth, process stability, microstructure and mechanical performance was determined. It was found that the laser beam spot focused on the top surface of a butt joint tends to pass through the gap, especially in the low range of heat input and high welding speed. All test welds were welded at a keyhole mode, and the weld metal was free of porosity. Thus, the keyhole laser welding of zinc coated steel sheets in butt configuration provides excellent conditions to escape for zinc vapours, with no risk of porosity. Microstructure, microhardness and mechanical performance of the butt joints depend on laser welding conditions thus cooling rate and cooling times. The shortest cooling time t8/5 was calculated for 0.29 s.

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Hamedi, M., M. Shariatpanahi und A. Mansourzadeh. „Optimizing spot welding parameters in a sheet metal assembly by neural networks and genetic algorithm“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 221, Nr. 7 (01.07.2007): 1175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem476.

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Deformation of the spot-welded sub-assemblies in assembly operations and the gap between the matching sub-assemblies have been quality concerns specifically in the automotive industry. Overall quality of the car body and its sub-assemblies, apart from quality of each stamped part, depends markedly on the welding process. This paper considers optimization of three important process parameters in the spot welding of the body components, namely welding current, welding time, and gun force. In this research, first the effects of these parameters on deformation of the sub-assemblies are experimentally investigated. Then neural networks and multi-objective genetic algorithms are utilized to select the optimum values of welding parameters that yield the least values of dimensional deviations in the sub-assemblies. Welding sub-assemblies with the optimized set of parameters brought all of them into the tolerance range. The proposed approach can be utilized in manufacturing sub-assemblies that can fit and match better with adjacent parts in the automotive body. It enhances quality of the joint and will result in improving overall quality of the body in white.

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LI, Yongbing. „Advances in Welding and Joining Processes of Multi-material Lightweight Car Body“. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 52, Nr. 24 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2016.24.001.

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Wang, Wen Quan, Chun Sheng Wang und Fu Xing Tan. „FEM Analysis of RSW and LBW Implementation on Side Wall Penal Assembly of Stainless Steel Railway Vehicles“. Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 958–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.958.

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Comparative finite element method (FEM) analyses of resistant spot welding (RSW) and laser beam welding (LBW) on stainless steel railway vehicles to assembly the framework and the side wall penal were conducted. The stress and strain of RSW joint and LBW lap joint were calculated under the same loading conditions by FEM simulation, respectively. The analyses revealed that not only the stress concentration occurred but also the maximum stress existed in the RSW joint compared with LBW lap joint under the same load. In contrast, LBW technique had more advantages than that of RSW technique in joining the car body framework and side wall penal of railway vehicles in the respects such as smaller deformation, better air tightness, and better appearance of car body and higher efficiency of processing.

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Pellegrinelli, Stefania, Nicola Pedrocchi, Lorenzo Molinari Tosatti, Anath Fischer und Tullio Tolio. „Multi-robot spot-welding cells for car-body assembly: Design and motion planning“. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 44 (April 2017): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2016.08.006.

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37

Zhu, Zhong Yin, Peng Chen, Hong Mei Zhou, Yong Hui Zhu, Yong Hong Chen, Hao Xu und Ai Qin Tian. „Effect of the Welding Heat Input on Residual Stresses in Butt-Weld of High-Speed Train“. Advanced Materials Research 337 (September 2011): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.337.255.

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Abstract. This study used finite element software SYSWELD to analyze residual stresses in butt-weld between underframe and side wall of high-speed train car body. Based on the thermal-elastic-plastic theory, double ellipsoid heat source model is adopted to simulate the residual stresses under different heat input in the welded joints between underframe and side wall. The residual stresses at the surface of weld specimen were measured experimentally by using the hole-drilling method. The results of the ﬁnite element analysis were compared with experimentally measured data to evaluate the accuracy of the ﬁnite element modeling. Based on this study, a modelling procedure with reasonable accuracy was developed. The developed ﬁnite element modelling was used to study the effects of welding heat input on magnitude and distribution of welding residual stresses in butt-weld of high-speed train car body made of A6N01-T5. The results show the maximum residual stress exists in the welded seam and the adjacent-weld zone, and the residual stress value decreases gradually while the zone is farther from the weld center .Besides, With the increase of the welding heat input, the residual stress value increases gradually.

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Wrobel, Ireneusz, und Marcin Sidzina. „Design Study for Automatic Production Line of a Sub-Assemblies of New Generation Car Body Structures Compliant with the “Industry 4.0” Concept“. Sensors 21, Nr. 7 (01.04.2021): 2434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072434.

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A design study of automatic line-to-production of a new generation of car body structures compliant with the Industry 4.0 concept is described in this paper. The line is based on the hot-stamping technology of components of a car body structure from 22MnB5 steel sheets. Additional modules of the designed production line are: laser-trimming station, station to completion (kitting-up), and spot-welding station of the subassemblies. Technical requirements to be complied with by such line and scheme of exchange of information between modules of the line were defined. The conclusions were formulated.

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Neugebauer, Reimund, O. E. Bernhardi, Martin Wahl, Frank Schulz, Reinhard Mauermann, Wilhelm Schützle und S. Werner. „Predicting Dimensional Accuracy of Laser Welded Aluminum Add-On Body Parts“. Key Engineering Materials 549 (April 2013): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.549.463.

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Laser welding of complex aluminum add-on body parts such as vehicle doors, is a common joining technology in the automotive industry. Besides the many advantages (e.g. high processing speed) laser welding provides, temperature induced distortions are an important task to deal with. In the last twenty years, several simplified FE methods, which predict welding distortion (weld seams, spot welds) of large assemblies, were presented. In order to simulate the distortion of large car body components properly, realistic clamping conditions need to be considered [1, 2, 3]. Furthermore, the calibration process of simplified models has to be examined systematically, to find out their limits and achieve optimal simulation results [4]. In this paper, a new FE model is presented to predict distortion of laser welded structures, based on a shrinkage volume approach. Effective surface based clamping conditions (derived of the real clamping device) and effects of previous forming processes are considered. The simplified model was examined due to an extensive design of experiments. Not only simple, but even complex simulated specimens match with the experimental results very well.

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Wang, Hong Xiao, Chun Sheng Wang und Chun Yuan Shi. „New Application of Lap Laser Welding on Stainless Steel Railway Vehicles“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (Dezember 2010): 2578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2578.

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Recently the problems of resistance spot welding (RSW) stainless steel railway vehicles are causing more attention for poor surface quality. Lap laser welding of stainless steel is investigated with OED(Orthogonal experimental designing ) in this study to replace RSW with the aim of to increase the aesthetics of the car body by eliminating visible indentation on the surface and the flatness of the skin reducing welding deformations. After welding tensile tests and microstructure analysis are performed. The optimization of process parameters were: laser power =2.5kW；welding speed=2.2m/min, focal position=0mm. The fusion zone is symmetrical about the axis of the laser beam and no welding cracks or porosity can be found in any of the welds. This work has great significance of improving the manufacturing level of stainless steel railway vehicles.

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Lee, Mok Young, Woong Seong Chang und Sook Hwan Kim. „A Comparison of Weld Properties with or without Filler Wire on Laser Welding of Magnesium Alloy for Car Industry“. Materials Science Forum 580-582 (Juni 2008): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.489.

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Magnesium alloys are becoming important material for light weight car body, due to their low specific density but high specific strength. However they have a poor weldability, caused by high oxidization tendency and low vapour temperature. In this study, the welding performance of magnesium alloy was investigated for automobile application. The material was rolled magnesium alloy sheet contains 3wt%Al, 1wt%Zn and Mg balance. The effects of filler wire addition was investigated on 2kW Nd:YAG laser welding. For the results, the mechanical properties of welded specimen were similar with base metal in laser welding with and without filler wire. The bridging ability was improved with filler wire without weld properties deterioration on laser welding of magnesium alloy.

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Kim, Cheol Hee, Won Ho Choi und Ki Young Park. „Application of Laser Remote Welding to an Aluminum Automotive Part“. Materials Science Forum 654-656 (Juni 2010): 966–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.966.

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Aluminum alloys are extensively used in the automotive industry in response to increasing requirements for weight reduction in car body architecture. Laser welding of Al alloys has many advantages such as low heat input, narrow heat affected zone, minimal thermal distortion and flexibility. Recently, the development of high brightness lasers - thin disk lasers and fiber lasers enable long focal distance welding so that laser remote welding with scanning mirrors can be used in laser welding of Al alloys. In this study, laser remote welding was implemented to a heat shield part of an automobile by utilizing a 4kW disk laser and a 2-axis scanner. By replacing conventional resistance spot welding, the weld flange length could be reduced from 15mm to 8mm and a cycle time for each welding point could also be reduced from 3.5s to 0.6s.

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Lee, Gyeong Choel, Jae Seong Kim, Bo Young Lee und Sang Yul Lee. „Studies for the Influences of Welding Parameters of GMA Welded 600MPa Grade TRIP Steel“. Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (Oktober 2007): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.503.

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Due to the environmental problem, automotive companies are trying to reduce the weight of the car body. Therefore, TRIP (TRansformation Induced Plasticity) steels, which have high strength and ductility, have been developed. However, there are only a few publication reported on the characteristics of GMA weld on TRIP steel. In this study, we will evaluate which of the shielding gases, i.e. Ar 100% CO2 100% and Ar 85% + CO2 15%, and welding speed make a better quality GMA welded TRIP steel. Bead-on plate welding and butt welding were performed with various welding conditions. In order to identify mechanical properties of welded TRIP steel experimental methods including fractography, tensile test, and hardness test were performed.

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Wang, Chun, Dong Hai Liu und Sheng Lin. „Development of Flexible Positioning System for Assembly Line of Body-in-White“. Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (Mai 2013): 1799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.1799.

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A new flexible positioning system is developed to fulfill the mixed model production in a car body in white (BIW) welding production line, which is able to respond quickly market needs and shorten the cycle time of auto model update and improve productivity. The system architecture is researched and developed, and the execution unit and motion control unit is discussed. System motion control is realized by means of industrial Ethernet network and SERCOS communication protocol.

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Gáspár, Marcell, Ádám Dobosy, Miklós Tisza, Imre Török, Yangchun Dong und Kailun Zheng. „Improving the properties of AA7075 resistance spot-welded joints by chemical oxide removal and post weld heat treating“. Welding in the World 64, Nr. 12 (18.09.2020): 2119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-00988-y.

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Abstract The aluminium alloy studied in this paper is the heat treatable AA7075 which has zinc as the main alloying element. 7xxx aluminium alloys have the best strength performance among all commercial series and AA7075 has tensile strength above 500 MPa. The outstanding strength properties open the possibility to use this alloy in automotive industry as a possible alternative material for car body elements instead of steel. However, their limited formability properties mean obstacle when a complicated shape car body panel is formed, since the elongation is limited only between 5 and 11%. In order to successfully form these sheets into the demanded geometry, hot forming should be used, and thus the body panels should be formed when the AA7075 is in a solution heat treated condition, such as using the HFQ® process. Then, after assembling the body elements, when resistance spot welding is among the most common joining methods, the AA7075 body parts should get the artificial ageing. It means that welding is followed by artificial ageing as a kind of post weld heat treating which can partially compensate the softening of this alloy during welding. Softening is considered among the most challenging weldability issues similarly to the high melting point oxide layer at the surface which also reduces the load bearing capacity of RSW joints. During the performed experimental program, three routes were investigated. The RSW experiments are performed on 1-mm-thick AA7075 sheets. The spot-welded joints were examined by macroscopic testing, tensile shear and hardness tests.

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Božek, Pavol, und Kamil Trnka. „Path Planning with Motion Optimization for Car Body-in-White Industrial Robot Applications“. Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (Dezember 2012): 1595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1595.

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This paper discusses the problem of effective motion planning for industrial robots. The first part dealt with current method for off-line motion planning. In the second part the presented work is done by one of the simulation systems with automatic trajectory generation and off-line programming capability. A spot welding process is involved. The practical application of this step strongly depends on the method for robot path optimization with high accuracy, thus transform the path into a time and energy optimal robot program for the real world, which is discussed in the third step.

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Luo, Yi, Hong Ye, Cheng Zhi Xiong, Lin Liu und Xu Wei Lv. „Resistance Spot Welding Process of Galvanized Steel Sheet Based on Regression Modeling“. Materials Science Forum 610-613 (Januar 2009): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.681.

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The resistance spot welding process of galvanized steel sheet used in the body manufacturing of family car was studied, and the indexes of nugget geometry and tensile-shear strength of spot welds were tested. Four process parameters, namely welding current, electrode force, welding current duration and preheat current, and interactions among them were regarded as factors impacting indexes. Method using in mathematical models developing was nonlinear multiple orthogonal regression assembling design, which was optimized by the technology of variance analysis. The experimental results showed that more accurate prediction on nugget size and mechanical properties of spot welds can be obtained by the models optimized. With these prediction results, the optimization of welding process also was realized by the analysis to effect of the parameters and interactions on the welding quality.

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Kolleck, Ralf, Robert Vollmer, Christian Both und Arndt Breuer. „Investigation of Weld Seam Structures of Tailor Welded Blanks for Hot Stamping“. Key Engineering Materials 639 (März 2015): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.639.235.

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Increasing safety requirements for hot stamped structural car body parts are demanding sufficient mechanical properties of integrated welding seams. Especially conventional tailor welded AlSi-coated 22MnB5 sheets are only fulfilling these requirements when ablated before laser welding and thermo-mechanically treated in a correct way. This paper shows a method that evaluates the hot stamping process of tailor welded blanks by press hardening different sheet thicknesses and thickness combinations in a testing tool. Furthermore, appropriate testing methods for the evaluation of mechanical properties of the welding seam are introduced. The results are ultimately compared with a special developed FEM analysis to predict failure cases in future.

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Hadryś, D. „Impact Load of Welds After Micro-Jet Cooling / Dynamiczne Obciążenie Spoin Chłodzonych Mikrojetowo“. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, Nr. 4 (01.12.2015): 2525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0409.

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Micro-jet cooling is an innovative method of forced cooling. It could be used to cooling after welding immediately. It allows to obtain welds with better properties in comparison to ordinary welding method. Favourable structure of weld metal deposit (WMD) with higher content of acicular ferrite (AF) could be obtained. These properties can be controlled by several variables (e. g. type of cooling gas, number of jets). Plastic properties are particularly important in case of impact load. This type of strength is very dangerous for the structure and for safety of users (ex. car body during car crash). This article presents the influence of the cooling gas and the number of jets on plastic properties of the weld joint for impact load. It is described by restitution coefficient and plastic strain.

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Evin, Emil, und Miroslav Tomas. „LASER WELDING IMPACT ON DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF STEELS WHEN USED FOR CAR BODY PARTS“. MM Science Journal 2016, Nr. 05 (16.11.2016): 1317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2016_11_2016112.

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