Dissertationen zum Thema „Capteurs de gaz à oxyde métallique“
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Yoboue, N'Goran Pamela Marie Josephe. „Etude technologique pour l'amélioration des performances d'un capteur à gaz à oxyde métallique : développement d'une plateforme chauffante et intégration de couche sensible nanostructurée“. Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/911/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn recent years, the development of metal oxides gas sensors has experienced a considerable growth because of an interest more and more important in the protection of environment and people safety. Thanks to technological advances in microelectronics that promote better performances, low costs in terms of consumption and production, these sensors can be used for monitoring air quality in many fields such as transport, industry or housing environment. It is clear that metal oxide sensors sold today present mixed performances. Indeed, despite an interesting sensitivity with a detection threshold around the ppm, those sensors also have low selectivity and great instability, which limit their use to simple detectors. For that matter, these imperfections are the motor of many researches including development of new sensing materials but also new transducers. The goal of this thesis is to prove that it is possible to improve the performances of those metal oxide gas sensors especially on aspects of consumption (<80mW) with a remarkable mechanical stability and electrothermal stability up to 600°C. For that, our work consisted firstly to redefine a new design and then to optimize technological process to develop high-temperature microhotplate. Then we worked on the optimization of ink jet process as a new technological way to integrate nanoparticular sensitive materials; a way much more reproducibly than current deposition techniques. The first tests were conducted with ZnO nanoparticles and have shown promising results especially for flexible integration of various sensing materials for new multisensors
Favard, Alexandre. „Multicapteurs intégrés pour la détection des BTEX“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0123/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOutdoor air quality is subjected to the law LAURE since 1996. In 2008, the european directive 2008/50/EC introduced measurement requirements and thresholds that should not be exceeded for certain pollutants on a european scale. According to several toxicological and epidemiological studies, air pollution causes respiratory failure, asthma, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. In Europe, air pollution is responsible for more than 300 000 early deaths a year.Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particularly benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX compounds) are proven pollutants and play a major role in the degradation of indoor and outdoor air quality. This thesis is dedicated to the development of a metal oxide based multi-gas sensor for the detection of traces of BTEX within the framework of the SMARTY project (SMart AiR qualiTY). A complete electrical characterization system was designed and implemented for the detection of sub-ppm concentrations of BTEX.Based on the state-of-art, several materials were selected (WO3, ZnO, SnO2). The electrical characterizations of the selected sensitive layers were carried out under dry air and under different humidity levels in the presence of BTEX and interfering gases (NO2, CO2). Tungsten oxide (WO3) exhibits the best performance in the presence of moisture and is chosen for the technology transfer that accompanies the new patented AMU transducers. The WO3-based multi-sensor has a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 1 ppb at 50% relative humidity and effectively detects and quantifies BTEX
Favard, Alexandre. „Multicapteurs intégrés pour la détection des BTEX“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0123.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOutdoor air quality is subjected to the law LAURE since 1996. In 2008, the european directive 2008/50/EC introduced measurement requirements and thresholds that should not be exceeded for certain pollutants on a european scale. According to several toxicological and epidemiological studies, air pollution causes respiratory failure, asthma, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. In Europe, air pollution is responsible for more than 300 000 early deaths a year.Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particularly benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX compounds) are proven pollutants and play a major role in the degradation of indoor and outdoor air quality. This thesis is dedicated to the development of a metal oxide based multi-gas sensor for the detection of traces of BTEX within the framework of the SMARTY project (SMart AiR qualiTY). A complete electrical characterization system was designed and implemented for the detection of sub-ppm concentrations of BTEX.Based on the state-of-art, several materials were selected (WO3, ZnO, SnO2). The electrical characterizations of the selected sensitive layers were carried out under dry air and under different humidity levels in the presence of BTEX and interfering gases (NO2, CO2). Tungsten oxide (WO3) exhibits the best performance in the presence of moisture and is chosen for the technology transfer that accompanies the new patented AMU transducers. The WO3-based multi-sensor has a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 1 ppb at 50% relative humidity and effectively detects and quantifies BTEX
Yoboue, N'Goran Pamela. „Etude technologique pour l'amélioration des performances d'un capteur de gaz à oxyde métallique: développement d'une plateforme chauffante haute température et intégration de couche sensible nanostructurée“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509149.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSendi, Aymen. „Nez électronique communicant pour le contrôle de la qualité de l'air intérieur“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30245.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeasuring indoor air quality is a relatively recent need. Humans spend more than 90% of their time in a closed environment that contains several gaseous pollutants. The existence of such gaseous contaminants in the indoor air as well as short or long term exposure to these pollutants can causes many respiratory problems and several chronic diseases. Studies show that the indoor air quality has an impact on well-being and productivity. VOCs (volatile organic compounds) such as acetaldehyde and formaldehyde are strongly presented in indoor air. This type of pollutants come from materials used in interior design (computer equipment, furniture, paints, fabrics, floors, etc.). We can also found in close envirements many others contaminants such as CO2, CO, and NO2 which come from urban pollution, intensive use of location and poor ventilation. Offices, meeting rooms, classrooms and practical work rooms in universities and / or schools are therefore potentially polluted. In a densely occupied and poorly ventilated room, the measurement of the VOC/CO2 rate may exceed the regulatory thresholds. These gaseous pollutants in the air in high concentrations, due to lack of sufficient ventilation and air quality control, can cause drowsiness and decreased productivity. Measuring and monitoring indoor air quality is therefore essential to ensure a better quality life in workspaces. This thesis is being carried out within the framework of the neOCampus GIS (scientific interest group), led by Paul Sabatier University and dedicated to the development of an innovative, connected and sustainable campus for a better quality life for users. We are interested by the development of micro-gas sensors MOS (metal oxide sensors) and the indoor air quality monitoring in offices, classrooms and meeting rooms. The objective of this study is to control these pollution levels in order to correct them through measures to ventilate the premises. Making a decision about how to correct air quality is an essential step in the process. For example: regulating ventilation in a room if the authorized threshold is exceeded for the identified pollutants. As part of this work, we produced prototypes of miniaturized multi-gas sensors integrated with their electronic card in a witness room and capable of detecting levels of indoor air pollution. These prototypes include a multi-sensor cell (with 4 independent cells), proximity electronics allowing the control and recovery of data from these cells, an IOT (internet of things) type communication module based on the LoRA protocol allowing send to the "Cloud NeoCampus", remotely and wirelessly, an indoor air quality status signal. This multi-sensor is based on semiconductor sensors based on nanostructured metal oxides synthesized at the LCC (coordination chemistry laboratory). [...]
Jérisian, Robert. „Comportement de frittés et de films d'oxyde de titane en présence de mélanges gazeux CO-CO2-O2-Ar hors équilibre thermodynamique : mise au point de capteurs résistifs pour la régulation de combustions“. Tours, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOUR4003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMiranda, Cavalcante Neto Luiz. „Dynamic indicator of individual exposure to air quality based on multi-sensor measurements : a tool for personalized prevention“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024MTLD0009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecent developments in gas sensing technology have made the use of microsensors popular for a large variety of applications, such as the analysis of quality of food products, odor nuisances, and air pollution monitoring in the ambient and in the indoor air. Notably, metal-oxide-based gas sensors (MOX sensors) have dominated the market for off-the-shelf gas sensor due to their miniaturization, cost-effectiveness, and availability. Despite that, MOX sensors are usually not used individually to measure a single gas as they are notoriously known to be sensitive to a large number of parameters, including multiple gases at the same time, as well as being prone to drift in their measurement during their lifetime. The solution to that is that is most applications, these sensors are grouped in clusters (sometimes called electronic noses) containing different models of MOX sensors capable of measuring different species of gases with different levels of sensitivity and, with proper data treatment in the form of a pattern recognition algorithm, they can provide valuable information about the sample presented to them. For indoor air quality (IAQ) applications, these clusters of MOX sensors are typically used to measure concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)in the indoor air, with results sometimes comparable to analytical laboratory equipment. In this thesis, we study which type of information these clusters of sensors can provide to us, specifically in IAQ applications and how we can convey this information to the occupant of a monitored indoor environment in the form of a dynamic individual IAQ index, hence the title of the thesis. The chosen approach was, at first, to study the number of degrees of freedom of a system containing multiple MOX sensors using a dimensional analysis tool (the intrinsic dimensionality, or ID, of the system) to try to find an ideal configuration for an IAQ monitor to. To do so, multiple datasets were analyzed, which contained different IAQ situations. We ended up developing our own dataset containing reproductions of 10 different day-to-day indoor activities monitored by a large number of MOX sensors. During the analysis of this dataset, we realized that the ID can also be an important indicator of the state of the air pollution in the monitored indoor environment, so after further exploring the effects of the performed activities in the ID of the system, a paper was published with the findings of this study
Menini, Philippe. „Du capteur de gaz à oxydes métalliques vers les nez électroniques sans fil“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697471.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGomri, Sami. „Spectroscopie du bruit électronique dans les microcapteurs de gaz : étude théorique et expérimentale“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParret, Frederic. „Méthode d'analyse sélective et quantitative d'un mélange gazeux à partir d'un microcapteur à oxyde métallique nanoparticulaire“. Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChaudron, Valéry. „Étude de la mitigation du risque hydrogène dans un réacteur de fusion thermonucléaire par réduction d'un oxyde métallique“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL025N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMorati, Nicolas. „Système de détection ultra-sensible et sélectif pour le suivi de la qualité de l'air intérieur et extérieur“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0200.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToday the air is polluted by many chemicals, which are in the form of a complex mixture that is difficult to identify. These marker gases include carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). It has therefore become imperative to design detection systems that are inexpensive, but at the same time highly sensitive and selective, in order to monitor air quality in real time. Metal Oxide gas sensors (MOX) can meet these requirements. They are used in portable and low cost gas detection devices. Very sensitive, stable and with a long lifespan, MOX sensors suffer from an inherent lack of selectivity, which can be overcome by integrating artificial intelligence. This thesis is concerned with the implementation of gas identification methods based on the analysis of experimental data. The objective is to discriminate three pollution marker gases: CO, O3, and NO2, with a single sensor, under real conditions of use, i.e. in the permanent presence of a concentration of these gases in the humid ambient air. For this, we use a tungsten oxide (WO3) gas sensor patented by IM2NP laboratory and operated under a worldwide license by the company NANOZ.A complete experimental database was created from a protocol based on temperature modulation of the sensitive layer. From this database, we implemented two different feature extraction methods: the computation of temporal attributes and the wavelet transform. These two methods were evaluated on their gas discrimination capacity thanks to the use of several families of classification algorithms, such as support vector machines (SVM), decision trees, K nearest neighbours, neural networks, etc
Parret, Frédéric. „Méthode d'analyse sélective et quantitative d'un mélange gazeux à partir d'un microcapteur à oxyde métallique nanoparticulaire“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7430/1/parret.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLee, Szu-Hsuan. „Capteurs de gaz sélectifs à base de matériaux hybrides organooxoétain et d'oxyde d'étain“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe ultimate objective of this research is to draw new prospects in the gas sensing field by finely tuning the chemical nature, the texture and the morphology of the active layer to develop new type selective gas sensors. High gas selectivity has been a challenging issue during the past decades in the gas sensing area. Our approach is based on the design of molecular single precursors – alkynylorganotins which contain suitable functionalities required to obtain stable hybrid materials by the sol-gel method exhibiting selective gas detection towards harmful/toxic gases. Their gas sensing properties have been compared with those of tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles synthesized by the hydrothermal route. A series of functional organooxotin-based materials have been processed as films by the spin or drop coating method and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, RAMAN, AFM, SEM, TEM, N2 sorption and TGA-DTA measurements. Gas sensing studies show that one of the hybrid organotin oxides exhibits an outstanding selective gas sensing response towards various gases, such as CO, H2, ethanol, acetone and NO2 whereas SnO2 nanoparticles present non-selective gas sensing ability under the same experimental condition. Thus, the best gas selectivity toward CO (at 100 and 200 ppm), H2 (at 100, 200 and 400 ppm) and NO2 (at 1, 2, 4 and 8 ppm) was achieved at 100 °C for the hybrid organooxotin-based film, however, it showed no response to ethanol/acetone at the same working temperature. On the other hand, the nanoparticulate SnO2 films prepared are sensitive to all the gases tested at low concentrations (CO: 10~100 ppm; NO2: 0.5~4 ppm; H2: 100~800 ppm; acetone: 25~200 ppm; ethanol: 10~100 ppm) in an operating temperature range from 200 to 400 °C. Moreover, the selectivity of SnO2 materials towards NO2 (between 0.5 ~ 4 ppm) can be optimized by well-manipulating the sensing temperatures. Finally, both organooxotin-based and tin oxide-based materials display superior gas sensing ability at low gas concentrations which opens a fully new class of gas sensing materials as well as a new possibility to integrate organic functionality in gas sensing metal oxides
Doubi, Youssef. „Amélioration du procédé de fabrication des couches hybrides d'oxyde metallique et de nanomatériaux pour la quantification du formaldéhyde“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2023_0317_DOUBI.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work we interested in the development and characterization of binary materials with n-type conductivity TiO2 and SnO2 for gas sensor applications. We have chosen these materials because of their availability and their structural, morphological, optical and electrical characteristics, which are suitable for gas sensor applications. TiO2 and SnO2 thin layers have been deposited by spray pyrolysis in ambient air. Using the classical method, we studied the effect of certain factors on TiO2 and SnO2 physicochemical properties. The samples were analyzed using various techniques such as XRD, Raman, EDS, SEM, UV-Visible and the two-tip method. The results of these studies showed that the SnO2 and TiO2 thin films are well crystallized in anatase and rutile phases respectively, with preferential orientations along the (101) and (110) planes. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the purity of these materials by the presence of peaks characteristics of these phases, while UV- Visible was proved the semiconducting properties of SnO2 and TiO2. The L9 Taguchi table method was used to optimize the number of experiments in order to determine the right processing conditions leading to the best properties of TiO2 and SnO2 in thin films. The results of the Taguchi method showed a significant improvement in the SnO2 and TiO2 properties compared with the conventional method. Our gas sensors prepared on the basis of TiO2, SnO2 and Ti⁴⁺ doped SnO2 thin films respond to NO2 at room temperature, and the SnO2-based sensors respond better than TiO2 to this gas. The sensor made from a thin layer of SnO2 doped with 5% Ti⁴⁺ and operated at 200°C had the highest sensitivities to the low concentrations of H2S
Xu, Jinyong. „Development of metal oxide-based gas sensors for the detection of biomarkers in rice aging“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCA007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study aims to develop high-performance metal oxide-based gas sensors for room-temperature detection of biomarkers in rice aging by incorporating oxygen vacancies. Three metal oxides, namely W18O49, CeO2-x, and ZnO/ZnSnO3 are successfully fabricated through strategies that combined a simple hydrothermal method with different surface modifications including noble metal loading, and structural regulation. The morphologies and phase compositions of the obtained metal oxides are investigated using a field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). The room-temperature gas-sensing performance, including sensitivity, response/recovery time, selectivity, and stability, of these metal oxides in detecting biomarkers in rice aging, is comprehensively investigated to explore the influence of Ru loading, post-treatment, and hydrogen flow on the enhanced gas-sensing properties, represented by the reduction of working temperature and the improvement of sensitivity. The room-temperature gas-sensing mechanism in the analysis of the characteristic biomarker is proposed. Furthermore, the practicability of the developed gas sensors is verified by two varieties of rice (Japonica rice and Indica rice).Material characterizations reveal that metal oxides with different morphologies and structures are successfully prepared by the hydrothermal and solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) methods. Their microstructure evolutions are precisely manipulated by Ru incorporation, annealing under different atmospheres, and adjusting the flow of hydrogen, respectively. The gas-sensing performance investigations exhibit that the obtained metal oxides displayed excellent room-temperature gas-sensing properties, including high sensitivity, rapid response/recovery time, and low detection limit, towards the characteristic biomarkers such as nonanal, linalool, and 2-Undecanone. The enhanced room-temperature gas-sensing performance is chiefly due to the synergistic effects of their unique structures, and the incorporation of oxygen vacancies. In addition, the experimental results show that Ru-loaded W18O49 and CeO2-x annealed under the atmosphere (5%H2+95%Ar) may be able to distinguish Indica rice from Japonica rice. Conversely reversal conducting behaviors can be observed when ZnO/ZnSnO3 fabricated with the hydrogen flow of 3 L/min is exposed to two varieties of rice. Most importantly, SPPS stands out in solving the limitations, such as slow particle growth and insufficient oxygen vacancies in crystals, which exists in the above-stated methods (noble metal loading and post-treatment). Because of its intrinsic characteristics, SPPS can effectively incorporate highly concentrated oxygen vacancies into metal oxides, and also construct heterostructures due to the different volatilization rates of metal sources, especially in the fabrication of ternary metal oxides, collectively enhancing the gas-sensing properties of metal oxides
Alrammouz, Rouba. „Conception et réalisation d’un système de détection de gaz à faible coût sur substrat flexible“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS134.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurrent concerns for environmental protection and public health focus on air quality in industries, cities and households. Nowadays, paper-based gas sensors are of increasing interest due to their low cost, biodegradability, flexibility and applications in e-textiles, e-dressings and e-packaging.Graphene oxide is a derivative of graphene with exceptional electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. Graphène oxide is a promising material for the development of low-cost room temperature gas sensors.In this context, this thesis aims to integrate a graphene oxide sensing layer inside a porous paper substrate for humidity and ammonia detection. The first part of this work focuses on the fabrication, functionalization and optimization of capacitive porous gas sensors on paper. A new local reduction process of graphene oxide into electrodes is introduced. The process is hot-plating, a low cost technique compatible with large scale productionThe second part of this work studies the humidity and ammonia sensing capabilities of the sensors. Graphene oxide on paper exhibits a high sensitivity towards ammonia, with humidity as an interfering gas. The local reduction of graphène oxide into electrodes, and its functionalization with zinc oxide increased the sensitivity and selectivity of the device towards humidity. The fabricated sensors exhibit a good repeatability, reproducibility and flexibility
Chevalier, César Clotaire. „Élaboration et caractérisation de capteurs de gaz à base de nanofils de ZnO“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDufour, Nicolas. „Conception et réalisation d'un multicapteur de gaz intégré à base de plateformes chauffantes sur silicium et de couches sensibles à oxyde métallique pour le contrôle de la qualité de l'air habitacle“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00956669.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Younsi Imane. „Elaboration et caractérisation de nouvelles couches sensibles pour la réalisation de capteurs de CO2“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30344/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe measure of the rate of CO2 is a recent need. The works on the use of new materials for the conception of gas sensors based semiconductor oxides, effective and not expensive; arouse a huge interest in our society. The objective of this thesis is the elaboration and the characterization of new sensitive layers obtained by RF sputtering for the realization of the sensors of CO2. Thin films were deposited using two targets: CuFeO2 and CuO, under three conditions by varying argon pressure and RF power. First of all, the structure and the microstructure were studied for the as-deposited samples. Surface investigations carried out by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, BET measurements and MEB-FEG images have shown a strong influence of deposition technique parameters on film surface topography and morphology. In a second step, the thin films were annealed in air in order to oxidize the phase. For the composite CuO/CuFe2O4, Glow discharge optical emission spectrometry technique showed a structure in two layers stacked on top of each other for the thinner films. For the cupric films, no changes on both structure and microstructure have been revealed. Our films have then been evaluated for CO2 detection. The sensitive layers with different thicknesses were sensitive to 5000 ppm of CO2. The deposition parameters are optimized to obtain microstructure features which can enhance the sensitivity of the thin films as gas sensors. Best response was obtained for a cupric sample deposited in P2 30W conditions and was close to 50% at T = 250°C. We have demonstrates that cupric oxide alone can detect the CO2 gas and that the growth conditions determine the film surface characteristics. The gas sensing characteristics of these films are strongly influenced by both surface morphology and microstructure
El, Romh Mohamad Ali. „Oxydes sans plomb pour la détection de gaz : OSPÉGAZ“. Thesis, Littoral, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DUNK0448/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToday gas detection, which now mainly uses optical sensors, electrochemical sensors based on lead, and catalytic sensors, is a very promising market (estimated at 3 billion euros) with a strong growth (10% per year). The need for new instrumentation systems dedicated to the monitoring of the air quality and to the detection of hazardous substances, requires the study and development of new sensors compatible with the European environmental standards : Restriction of the use of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) ; Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACh). The OSPÉGAZ project aims to develop innovative integrated instrumentations systems for the characterization of different environmental exposures linked to the actions recommended by the PNSE2 for proven health impacts. Our research project aims to develop innovating and cost-effective gas sensors containing lead-free oxides and dedicated to the detection of flammable gases and protection against toxic risks. The works of the thesis presented in this manuscript is a part of this project. The objectives were, firstly, to develop a new process for ink preparation in UDSMM laboratory, for the elaboration, electrical and physicochemical characterizations, of thick porous film, and secondly to make gas sensors based on these films. We chose to use the BaTiO3 (well-known material in literature) material as a first material in order to develop the process of thick film elaboration. After that, we chose the BaSrTiFeO₃ as gas-sensitive material, and we studied two compositions of Ba₁₋ ₓ Sr ₓ Ti₁₋yFeyO₃ with two different concentrations or iron : Ba₀.₈₅Sr₀.₁₅Ti₀.₉Fe₀.₁O₃ (BSTF 10%) and Ba₀.₈₅Sr₀.₁₅Ti₀.₉₈Fe₀.₀₂O₃ (BSTF 2%). Electrical characterizations were made in a wide range of frequency (100 HZ to 1 MHz) and temperature (25° C to 500° C). The dielectric properties as a function of temperature and frequency were studied using two different structures of capacitance : metal-insulator-metal (MIM) and interdigital electrodes (CID). Finally we have developed semi-conductor gas sensors based on BT, BST and BSTF (10% ; 2%) thick films. All our sensors were tested under different gases such as carbon monoxide CO (200ppm), hydrogen sulphide H₂S (50ppm) and sulfur dioxide SO₂ (20ppm), at various temperature, in the laboratory of SIMTRONICS SAS. We have measured the greatest relative sensitivity under H₂S (50ppm) gas ; 55.4% and 48% respectively for BSTF (10%) and BSTF (2%), at 450°C. Good relative sensitivity and very interesting dynamic responsesof BSTF show that the material has a great potential for the detection of gas. The optimization of the sensor geometry, iron rate and operating temperature should allow us to improve the performance of our demonstrators
Barochi, Guillaume. „Développement d'un capteur de gaz à transduction microonde“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00956823.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGaidi, Mounir. „Films minces de SnO2 dopés au platine ou au palladium et utilisés pour la détection des gaz polluants : analyses in-situ des corrélations entre la réponse électrique et le comportement des agrégats métalliques“. Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe have analyzed the role played in the sensing processes, by Pt and Pd metallic aggregates dispersed in SnO2 thin films used for the detection of various reducing gases such as CO, H2S or NOx. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) analysis has allowed us to follow in situ the evolution of the oxidation state of platinum aggregates. When they are incorporated in a very weak quantity, platinum particles change in a reversible manner, their oxidation state, according to the nature of the atmosphere. The oxidation state of particles depend strongly on their size (0,5 - 4,5 nm): under CO the smallest ones change from fully oxidized to a reduced state where Pt -O bondings have been removed and replaced by Pt-C. From the analysis of the electrical conductance evolution under controlled atmosphere, it has been possible to correlate the electrical reply under CO with the platinum reduction rate. An electronic interaction metal-SnO2 is shown to be at the origin of the conductance peak observed at low temperature. A comparative study of the electrical replies between SnO2 thin films doped with Pt or Pd, in the presence of CO, H2 and H2S, has allowed us to propose a model describing the mechanisms of the detection process involved in each case
Sauvan, Muriel. „Modification de la sélectivité de couches minces de dioxyde d'étain par l'ajout de couches superficielles en vue de la réalisation de microcapteurs de gaz“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1999. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00841174.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYoussef, Sami. „Elaboration et caractérisation du ZnO et LiTaO3 pour applications microcapteurs“. Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, zinc oxide and lithium tantalite thin films have been deposited by two growth techniques for microsensor applications. This manuscript is then divided in two distinct parts. The first part includes three chapters and consists on the realization of ZnO-based gas microsensor. In chapter I, the properties of ZnO and the technologies used for gas detection are well discussed. In chapter II is detailed the radiofrequency magnetron sputtering that is used to grow ZnO on different substrates. It has been characterized by various methods to enhance its optical and structural properties for optimal gas sensitivity. In chapter III are debated the fabrication sequence for our optical waveguide sensor, sensitivity and selectivity of ZnO thin films to explosive gases: butane and methane. The second part of this work concerns the study of piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of lithium tantalite, and its applications to differential scanning calorimetry DSC. The chapter I of this part is devoted to the description of LiTaO3 structure and properties. In chapter II we described a MEMS scanning calorimeter with serpentine-shaped platinum resistors for characterizations of microsamples. In this device, the platinum layers are used as heating and sensing element. In chapter III is shown the feasibility of bulk LiTaO3-based demonstrator adapted to differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Finally, in chapter IV, are discussed the characterizations of LiTaO3 thin films elaborated by sol-gel technique on two different substrates: Silicon (100) and Sapphire (001). These thin films will be integrated in the MEMS calorimeter
Acuautla, Meneses Monica Isela. „Development of ozone and ammonia gas sensors on flexible substrate“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4337/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays the emerging of new applications in the micro and nanotechnology field required to reduce fabrication costand to improve electronic devices with properties such as flexibility, portability, lightweight, and low cost. Traditional methods involve expensive and long production steps, and chemical vapor deposition. The purpose of this work is to present the conception and characterization of flexible ammonia and ozone sensors fabricated by photolithography and laser ablation processes. The flexible platform is composed of Kapton substrate with interdigitated Ti/Pt electrodes for gas detection and a micro-heater device. The circuit patterns were realized by photolithography and laser ablation. Photolithography is a well-known and reliable patterning process used on rigid substrate. The application of laser ablation process not only reduces fabrication time, but also represents an excellent viable alternative instead of chemical processes. ZnO thin films deposited by drop coating have been used as sensitive materials due to their excellent properties in the gas detection. The gas sensing condition and the performances of the devices are investigated for ozone and ammonia at different gas concentrations and different thin film thicknesses. In order to test a deposit methodology used in large scale industrial production, an ultrasonic spray deposition was done. The sensor provides a wide range of detection from 5 ppb to 500 ppb for ozone and from 5 ppm to 100 ppm for ammonia. Their best sensibilities were obtained at 200°C for ozone and 300 °C for ammoniac with good repeatability, stability and fast response/recovery time
Ouzaouit, Khalid. „Matériaux bi-fonctionnels pour applications catalytiques et piézoélectriques, à base d'oxydes de cérium, de lanthane et de langasite“. Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257241.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDaouli, Ayoub. „Ab initio exploration of materials for the detection and selective capture of iodine species and nitrogen oxide“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRadioactive isotopes of iodine, such as ¹²⁹I and ¹³¹I, are likely to be disseminated in the environment after a serious nuclear accident or a leak in fuel reprocessing facilities, under the form of highly volatile gaseous species, I₂ and ICH₃, resulting in dramatic consequences. It is therefore necessary to accurately detect these molecules and develop passive filters for trapping them. The challenge today is to find an effective solution that can be applied in nuclear conditions. In particular, the presence of other gaseous species called contaminants, such as CO, H₂O and O₂ can affect the performance of materials used to detect or trap these iodine volatile species in a perennial manner. Molecular scale simulation methods provide a fundamental understanding of the observed phenomena, providing in-depth knowledge at the atomic level that is often difficult to obtain by experimental methods. In this work, density function theory (DFT) calculations and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations have been used to identify promising materials for the detection and capture of gaseous molecules. Regarding sensing, graphene, and two-dimensional carbon materials (BC₃, C₃N, BCN₆-2) are promising candidates. For graphene, our results reveal that in terms of thermodynamic selectivity, PG (pristine graphene), Cu_PG (copper-doped pristine graphene) and to a lesser extent Ag_MG (silver-doped monolayer graphene) are clearly the most interesting graphene monolayers for the selective capture of I₂, ICH₃ in the presence of CO, H₂O and O₂. As far as 2D carbon materials are concerned, results of adsorption on C₃N seem very promising insofar the difference between the adsorption energies of (I₂, ICH₃) vs (CO, H₂O) is very significant. These findings are strengthened by simulations at finite temperatures. In addition, a discussion of electronic structure calculations is also provided. For trapping, we have selected a class of porous materials named Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Our systematic evaluation of the adsorption performance of M-MOF-74 where M = Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Co, Ni and Mn showed that from a thermodynamic point of view, Fe-MOF-74 and Cu-MOF-74 are clearly the most interesting structures for the selective capture of iodine compounds. A second application addressed in this thesis, still in the context of noxious gases, is the adsorption of NOx emissions. These emissions in a confined work environment without ventilation or treatment represent a major concern. Recent studies have revealed that zeolites can provide effective capture of NOx. In this context, our results reveal that from a series of divalent cations-exchanged zeolite (Be²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Pd²⁺, Pt²⁺), Faujasite Y-Pt²⁺, is an interesting material for the selective adsorption of NOx from diesel engine exhaust in the presence of water vapor. We then have extended our explorations to MOFs by integrating the same cations as metals into the catecholate ligand prior to its incorporation into the cage-like UiO-66. GCMC simulations implementing a new NOx/MOF force field were deployed to gain an in-depth understanding of the microscopic mechanism involved. Our molecular simulations indicate that the nanoporous UiO-66-CatFe(II) would be an excellent adsorbent for NOx capture, even at very low concentrations of a few ppm. This complements the portfolio of porous materials that, to date, have been almost exclusively tested under operating conditions involving higher NOx concentrations (>1000 ppm)
Bailly, Guillaume. „Développement de la transduction microonde appliquée à la détection d'ammoniac : du nanomatériau au capteur large bande, compréhension des mécanismes et influence des traces d'eau“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this thesis is to propose an analysis of the microwave transduction specificities in the framework of ammonia sensing applications. The two main features of this transduction are its broadband characterization (1 to 8 GHz) as well as its sensitive materials (dielectrics). This transduction method is based on the interaction between a polluting gas and a sensitive material deposited on the surface of a microwave-specific propagating structure. The response of the sensor is not directly induced by the dielectric properties of the gaseous target molecule, but rather by those of the target species adsorbed on the surface of the sensitive material. This adsorption causes a modification of the sensor parameters measured by a vector network analyzer. Unlike more conventional transducers such as conductimetry, this principle works at room temperature with any type of material, including electrical insulators.The first work carried out during this thesis led to the development of a new experimental bench adapted specifically for the study of microwave gas sensors by measuring the S-parameters in reflection and transmission modes. This development includes the design of two new generations of sensors, coated with metal oxides (iron or titanium oxides) commercially available or synthesized during the study. The first sensor comprises interdigital circuits while the second sensor is a trapezoidal resonator. The latter is characterized by a series of frequencies of interest regularly distributed between 1 and 8 GHz. The association of a mass spectrometer with the measurement bench allowed to follow the adsorption and desorption behavior of the target species which is ammonia (10-100 ppm), but also the behavior of the vector gas conventionally used, argon, and water initially adsorbed on the sensitive material or intentionally added during the experiment. The objective is to study the role of water as interfering with the detection of ammonia, the main target species. A third molecule of interest, ethanol, was also used during the experiments in order to estimate the possible differences in the detected molecules behaviors. The experimental results were exploited using specific data processing protocols established during this thesis. Temporal treatments were carried out to study the kinetic behavior of the sensor, while spectral treatments allowed to apprehend the broadband aspect of the sensor response in the presence of pollutants.The first major result is the significant increase in sensitivity to ammonia, which significantly lowered the detection threshold to ammonia concentrations in the 10 ppm range. Titanium dioxide has been identified as a good candidate for ammonia detection, with reflection coefficient variations up to 6 dB for 300 ppm. The role of the water initially adsorbed on the sensitive material has been elucidated, showing that its influence is significant only during the first few minutes of the experiments. Thus, it is possible to detect ammonia in the presence of residual moisture. The processes induced by the gaseous exposures and particularly by the carrier gas were identified, and confirmed that the sensor response was solely due to its interaction with the target molecules. Another major result is the definition of the operating conditions that are necessary for the establishment of the selectivity. Our theoretical analysis clearly demonstrated the interest of broadband measurements in terms of discrimination of target molecules. This analysis has been tested in multitarget experiments using ammonia, water and ethanol. These observations allowed to establish the specifications of a new generation of microwave sensors, guaranteeing systematic discrimination between these three molecules