Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Candle magic“

Meningkatkan Kreativitas dalam Melukis pada Anak Melalui Kegiatan Candle Magic Painting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui gambaran mengenai bagaimana peningkatan kreativitas dalam melukis anak melalui kegiatan candle magic painting, mengetahui kondisi objektif sebelum dan sesudah diadakan penelitianMetode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan melakukan kolaborasi dengan guru kelas. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada anak kelompok B di TK Muslimat Baiturrohmah Kecamatan Astanaanyar Bandung, dengan jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 15 orang anak yang berusia 5-6 tahun. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa pedoman observasi kreativitas anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan empat tahap yaitu tahap perencanaan, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap observasi, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua siklus yaitu Siklus I dan Siklus II pada setiap siklusnya terdiri dari 2 tindakan. Kondisi awal kemampuan kreativitas anak dalam melukis di kelompok B TK Muslimat Baiturrohmah masih belum berkembang secara optimal, dengan persentase kategori kurang (K) 45.83%, kategori cukup (C) 47.5%, dan kategori baik (B) 6.67%. namu setelah diberikan kegiatan melukis melalui kegiatan candle magic painting kemampuan kreativitas dalam melukis anak mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Presentase kemampuan kreativitas dalam melukis anak dengan kategori kurang (K) menjadi 2.5%, kategori cukup (C) 25%, dan kategori baik (B) 72.5%.

The publication focuses on the unique local traditions of the folk spiritual culture of the Russian-Belarusian Bryansk-Gomel borderland. They include the features associated with the calendar (Christmas, Annunciation, Easter, Ascension), rituals of the life cycle, beliefs, folk medicine and magic. The idea of the modern linguocultural situation in the south-western regions of the Bryansk region bordering on Belarus is enriched by considering the units of the language of spiritual culture, many of which also denote ritual artifacts. The linguoculturological material of the paper is compared with other studies of the traditional culture of the Bryansk-Gomel borderlands, regional dictionaries, the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects, and the compendium Slavic Antiquities. The characteristic-local traditions considered (distinguishing schedrovkas by gender — for the owner and hostess, the image of the “goat”, inviting frost, cooking three types of kutia, the rituals of “driving an arrow”, “candle”, “parting of the mermaid”, bylichki about well-wishers, the widespread use of healers and others) are also represented in the Belarusian traditional culture of the Gomel Polissya and the Dnieper region, which confirms the common cultural past and present of the Bryansk and Gomel regions.

In the traditional culture of Polessie special part belongs to the candles consecrated on the day of Candlemas held on 2/15 of February. These candles are used in the family-life cycles, calendric, agricultural and occasional rites, in multiple magic acts aiming at producing safety and health. The article is based on the data from the Polessian archive and field materials of the author.

An 8.4 million channel narrowband spectrum analyzer is nearing completion, and will be used to expand the frequency coverage of the ongoing search at Oak Ridge by a factor of 200. The new system – project META – will cover 420kHz at 0.05Hz resolution, utilizing a swept receiver to cancel the effect of the earth's rotation. The increased bandwidth will permit observation of CW beacons transmitted at magic frequencies in any of three preferred frames: the local standard of rest, the galactic barycenter, and the cosmic blackbody rest frame.

Abstract The development of a simple and compact permanent magnet (PM) phase shifter is presented in this paper. The design is based on four PM blocks per girder (8 PM blocks in total), and uses only one type PM block with horizontal magnetization and 15mm length. The magnetic field provides a net zero and second field integral and a phase integral of 2 · 10–6 T 2 m 3 for 60mm overall magnet length. The study of the numerical model with Radia shows that this design is mainly sensitive to angular magnetization errors. The correction strategy is based on pairing the PM blocks in order to cancel the sum of magnetization angle error, and the remaining magnetic field error is corrected with a stack of magic fingers located around the magnet. Finally, a prototype was built, and the magnetic measurements results are presented here.

Los canales de YouTube, Alanna y WITCHYSOFFIE, enseñan al espectador sobre hechicería y tradiciones paganas. Estas se oponen a la estigmatización, el tótem patriarcal y los tabúes religiosos generados por la Inquisición los cuales aún son mantenidos por una parte de la sociedad actual. La magia de varios grupos wiccanos se encamina hacia la espiritualidad y alabanza de un Dios creador, algo semejante con la filosofía católica. De igual forma, su estudio por la naturaleza y su aplicación en rituales se enfocan en el autoconocimiento y la conexión con el universo. Los factores como la globalización y modernización actúan de manera crucial en las impresiones colectivas que se tiene sobre la brujería.

L'articolo prende in esame la presenza di schiavi musulmani all'interno del Bagno di Livorno nel XVII secolo, soffermandosi sulla loro esistenza quotidiana ed in particolare sulle relazioni da essi intrattenute con gli abitanti della cittÀ. L'analisi di alcuni processi inquisitoriali conservati presso l'Archivio arcivescovile di Pisa ha portato ad evidenziare l'esistenza di casi in cui clienti cristiani ricorrevano alle arti magiche dei "turchi", dettagliatamente descritte e perciň confrontabili con la tradizione islamica nordafricana. Questo fenomeno si dimostra allo stesso tempo frutto di un'ideologia che associava gli infedeli al mondo demoniaco ma anche uno dei canali attraverso cui si esercitava il confronto culturale tra le due sponde del Mediterraneo.

In 1936, the Works Progress Administration/Federal Art Project (WPA/FAP, 1935–43) appointed New York City artist Charles Alston (1907–77) to be the first African American to supervise a New Deal mural project. Alston, five other artists, and their assistants designed narrative, celebratory images of Harlem, African-American life, children's fairy tales, and stories for New York's Harlem Hospital. In paired panels exploring the theme of healing, Alston depicted an African past beyond exotic and barbaric stereotypes in Magic in Medicine for the foyer of Harlem Hospital Women's Pavilion, and a racially egalitarian American present in its companion panel Modern Medicine (each 17 × 9 feet) (Figure 1). Initially, white hospital authorities rejected the works on the basis that they “contain too much Negro subject matter,” which would make them unappealing to residents of Harlem. This judgment angered Alston, since his designs were consistent with project guidelines. Because the building was a hospital in Harlem, Alston selected the theme of medicine and depicted black figures in his two panels. Yet the seeming suitability of images that looked like the people who used Harlem Hospital and referred to their collective history met with loud objections from Harlem Hospital's white administration. While it was common for muralists to base their subject matter on the local community and its history, and in fact the WPA/FAP encouraged artists to do so, officials tried to cancel Alston's commission on these very grounds. Their attempt to prevent artistic self-representation in the 1930s followed on the heels of prolonged racist hiring policies at Harlem Hospital. Alston ultimately painted his mural designs as planned; final approval of the murals did not come until 1940.

Abstract The upper limit on (time reversal symmetry T-violating) permanent hadron electric dipole moments (EDMs) is the PSI neutron EDM value; dn = (0.0 ± 1.1stat ± 0.2sys × 10-26) e cm. This paper describes an experiment to be performed at a BNL-proposed CLIP project which is to be capable of producing intense polarized beams of protons, p, helions (He3 nuclei), h, and other isotopes. The EDM prototype ring PTR (proposed at COSY Lab, Juelich) is expected to measure individual particle EDMs (for example EDM_p for the proton) using simultaneous counter-rotating polarized proton beams, with statistical error ±10-30e.cm after one year running time, four orders of magnitude less than the PSI neutron EDM upper limit, and with comparable systematic error. A composite particle, the helion faces T-symmetry constraints more challenging than the proton. Any measurably large value of Δ= EDM h - EDM p , the difference of helion and proton EDMs, would represent BSM physics. The plan is to replicate PTR at BNL. The dominant systematic error would be canceled two ways, both made possible by phase-locking “doubly-magic” 38.6 MeV proton and 39.2 MeV helion spin tunes. This stabilizes their MDM-induced in-plane precessions, without affecting their EDM-induced out-of-plane precessions. The dominant systematic error would therefore cancel in the meaurement of Δ in a fixed field configuration. Another systematic error cancellation will come from averaging runs for which both magnetic field and beam circulation directions are reversed. Precise magnetic field reversal is made possible by the reproducible absolute frequency phase-locking over long runs to eliminate the need for (impractically precise) magnetic field measurement. Risk of EDM measurement failure is discussed in a final appendix.

Abstract Introduction and geodynamic setting. – Syn-rift exhumation of mantle rocks in a continental breakup zone was highlighted along the present-day west Iberian passive margin [e.g. Boillot et al., 1988, 1995; Whitmarsh et al., 1995, 2001; Beslier et al., 1996; Brun and Beslier, 1996; Boillot and Coulon, 1998; Krawczyk et al., 1996; Girardeau et al., 1998] and along the fossil Tethyan margins [e.g. Froitzheim and Manatschal, 1996; Manatschal and Bernoulli, 1996; Marroni et al., 1998; Müntener et al., 2000; Desmurs et al., 2001]. Along the west Iberian margin, serpentinized peridotite and scarce gabbro and basalt lay directly under the sediments, over a 30 to 130 km-wide transition between the thinned continental crust and the first oceanic crust [Girardeau et al., 1988, 1998; Kornprobst and Tabit, 1988; Boillot et al., 1989; Beslier et al., 1990, 1996; Cornen et al., 1999]. The formation of a wide ocean-continent transition (OCT), mostly controlled by tectonics and associated with an exhumation of deep lithospheric levels, would be an essential stage of continental breakup and a characteristic of magma-poor passive margins. The southwest Australian margin provides an opportunity to test and to generalize the models proposed for the west Iberian margin, as both margins present many analogies. The south Australian margin formed during the Gondwana breakup in the Mesozoic, along a NW-SE oblique extension direction [Willcox and Stagg, 1990]. From north to south, the continental slope is bounded by (1) a magnetic quiet zone (MQZ) where the nature of the basement is ambiguous [Talwani et al., 1979; Tikku and Cande, 1999; Sayers et al., 2001], (2) a zone where the basement shows a rough topography associated with poorly expressed magnetic anomalies [Cande and Mutter, 1982; Veevers et al., 1990; Tikku and Cande, 1999; Sayers et al., 2001], and which is the eastward prolongation of the Diamantina Zone, and (3) an Eocene oceanic domain. The continental breakup zone is believed to be located near or at the southern edge of the MQZ [Cande and Mutter, 1982; Veevers et al., 1990; Sayers et al., 2001]. Breakup is dated at 125 Ma [Stagg and Willcox, 1992], 95 ± 5 Ma [Veevers, 1986] or at 83 Ma [Sayers et al., 2001], and followed by ultra-slow seafloor spreading until the Eocene (43 Ma), and fast spreading afterwards [Weissel and Hayes, 1972; Cande and Mutter, 1982; Veevers et al., 1990; Tikku and Cande, 1999]. The western end of the margin (fig. 1) is starved and bounded in the OCT by basement ridges where peridotite, gabbro and basalt were previously dredged [Nicholls et al., 1981]. Altimetry data [Sandwell and Smith, 1997] show that some of these ridges are continuous over 1500 km along the OCT of the south Australian margin and of the conjugate Antarctic margin. The objectives of the MARGAU/MD110 cruise (May-June 1998; [Royer et al., 1998]; fig. 2) were to define the morpho-structure and the nature and evolution of the basement in the SW Australian OCT. An area of 180 000 km2 was explored with swath bathymetry. Gravimetric data (11382 km) were simultaneously recorded whereas few single channel seismic (1353 km) and magnetic (5387 km) data were obtained due to technical difficulties. Crystalline basement rocks, made of varied and locally well-preserved lithologies, were dredged at 11 sites located on structural highs. Main results. – The bathymetric map unveils three E-W domains (fig. 2). From north to south, they are the continental slope of Australia, prolonged westward by that of the Naturaliste Plateau, a 160 km-wide intermediate flat sedimented area corresponding to the MQZ, and a 100 km-wide zone of rough E-W oriented topography which continues the Diamantina Zone (fig. 3). The first two domains are cut through in three segments by two major fracture zones (FZ), the Leeuwin FZ along the eastern side of the Naturaliste Plateau, and the Naturaliste FZ along its western flank. These NW-SE trending FZ terminate north of the E-W trending fabric of the Diamantina Zone. Accordingly, extension occurred along the NW-SE direction during the formation of the slope and of the MQZ, and then turned to N-S during the formation of the Diamantina Zone. In the Diamantina Zone, the mantle rocks dredged at Site MG-DR02 are mainly lherzolites, rich in pyroxenitic micro-layers, and pyroxenites. They contain spinel rimmed by plagioclase and locally coronas of olivine + plagioclase between opx and spinel, which suggest that they underwent some subsolidus reequilibration in the plagioclase field (fig. 4C). Westward (Site DR09), the mantle rocks are harzburgitic, with lesser pyroxenitic bandings and no plagioclase. The rocks have coarse-grained porphyroclastic textures that are locally overprinted by narrow mylonitic shear bands, and then by a cataclastic deformation, which indicate decreasing temperatures and increasing stresses during their evolution. Basalts were sampled at Sites MG-DR01, −04, −05, and together with gabbros at Sites MG-DR02, -03, -09. They have a transitional composition as shown by their REE patterns, except one sample from site MG-DR-05 which is an alkaline basalt (fig. 5). The gabbros are clearly intrusive in the peridotite at Sites DR02 and -09. They contain olivine and clinopyroxene (cpx) at Site DR02, cpx, plagioclase and hornblende at Site DR03, and cpx and amphibole or orthopyroxene or olivine at Site DR09 (fig. 4D). At that site, a tonalite containing K-feldspar and biotite and alkaline in composition (fig. 5), has also been sampled. All these plutonic rocks display either their primary magmatic textures or secondary porphyroclastic ones that are locally overprinted by mylonitic shear zones (fig. 4E). Retrograde minerals of amphibolite to greenschist facies developed during the deformation. The basalts are clearly intrusive in the gabbros at Site DR03. They are altered and exhibit porphyric textures with abundant plagioclase and plagioclase + olivine phenocrysts at Sites DR03, -04, -08, -10, and have a transitional composition (fig. 5). The nature and evolution of the peridotites and associated gabbros are compatible with an exhumation under a rift zone, on both sides of the Leeuwin FZ. It includes a mylonitic deformation which attests that these rocks underwent a shearing deformation under lithospheric conditions, in probable relation with their exhumation during the early stages of the oceanic opening. The crustal rocks are represented only by intrusive gabbros and by transitional basalts. In the MQZ, the peridotites recovered at Site MG-DR06 are mainly spinel and plagioclase lherzolites (fig. 4B) and a few pyroxenites (fig. 4A) with high temperature porphyroclastic textures. Their discovery indicates that the basement in the MQZ is not exclusively formed of thinned continental crust. Lavas sampled westward of the Leeuwin FZ at Site DR10 have also transitional compositions (fig. 5). On the Australian slope, samples dredged at Site MG-DR07 are continental quartz-bearing rocks (mostly gneisses and rare granites), some showing a high grade paragenesis (upper amphibolite to granulite facies) marked by the presence of K-feldspar, biotite, sillimanite and/or kyanite and garnet, and without primary muscovite (fig. 4G). Some of these rocks underwent an intense mylonitic shear deformation followed by post-tectonic recrystallisation or migmatization. Depending on the age of the high grade evolution (metamorphism and shearing), these rocks document either the syn-rift exhumation of lower continental crust, or the formation of the older Australian craton. On the slope of the Naturaliste Plateau, at Site DR11, rocks of oceanic origin (gabbro-diorites/dolerite/basalt; fig. 4F) were dredged together with acid rocks (gneiss and granites) of probable continental origin, some having a quartz, K-feldspar, biotite and garnet metamorphic paragenesis (fig. 4H). At that site, the transitional basalts intrude the gabbros and associated dolerites. The presence of metamorphic acid rocks indicate that the Naturaliste Plateau is likely a continental fragment that was later intruded by mafic rocks, whose origin and ages of intrusion have to be determined. Discussion and conclusions. – The retrograde tectono-metamorphic evolution of the peridotites recovered in the MQZ, which includes a reequilibration in the plagioclase field (marked by the development of olivine and plagioclase after spinel and pyroxene), is compatible with an exhumation under a rift zone [Girardeau et al., 1988; Kornprobst and Tabit, 1988; Cornen et al., 1999]. By analogy with the Iberia Abyssal Plain, the MQZ could represent a wide OCT where the mantle was exhumed and stretched mostly by amagmatic extension before the initiation of oceanic accretion [Beslier et al., 1996; Boillot and Coulon, 1998] (fig. 6). This hypothesis is supported by the tectonic structures (horsts and grabens) imaged in the seismic data over the MQZ [Boeuf and Doust, 1975]. Accordingly, the limit of the continental crust would be located at the foot of the slope, i.e. 160 km (or 250 km in the NW-SE extension direction) northward of the assumed location of the OCT at the southern edge of the MQZ. The age of the Australia-Antarctic breakup would thus be (1) older than that inferred from the magnetic anomalies (circa 95 Ma [Cande and Mutter, 1982; Veevers, 1986]), which would rather date the onset of oceanic accretion, and (2) older than the age of the breakup unconformity estimated as Santonian (83 Ma), further east, in the Great Australian Bight [Sayers et al., 2001]. The origin of the Naturaliste Plateau, continental or oceanic, is still disputed. The discovery of metamorphic rocks of probable continental origin on the southern flank of the Plateau (Site DR11) shows that it consists at least partially of rocks of the Gondwana continent. All the samples from the Diamantina Zone confirm that its basement is made of a peridotite-gabbro-basalt assemblage. The nature and age of the peridotites and of the associated magmas will help understanding the origin of this domain, which can result either from Neocomian seafloor spreading with further remobilization during the Australia-Antarctic separation, or from post-Neocomian ultra-slow seafloor spreading. Because of the omnipresence of extensive tectonic structures (fig. 3) and of the relatively small proportion of crustal rocks relative to the mantle rocks, we argue that the formation of the Diamantina Zone was mainly controlled by tectonics rather than by magmatic processes. In conclusion, the data collected along the southwest Australian margin during the MARGAU/MD110 survey evidence two major tectonic phases with formation of a wide OCT where abundant mantle rocks, in association with few mafic rocks, outcrop or lay directly beneath the sediments. The evolution of the crystalline rocks is compatible with an exhumation under a rift zone during a phase of magma-poor extension primarily controlled by tectonic processes. The domains where basement highs were sampled seem to be continuous over more than 1500 km eastward along the south Australian margin. Additional evidence on such large-scale structural continuity and on the nature of the associated basement highs may help generalizing the models for continental breakup and formation of non-volcanic passive margins, where oceanic accretion does not immediately follow continental breakup.

Researchers from all disciplines are increasingly inclined to acknowledge intuition and reflective practice as a valid ways of knowing. But in technology and areas other than the arts, this thinking is still new, and few strategic frameworks are available to assist researchers to approach intuitive research with rigor. In this chapter, Subphenomenology is laid out as a methodology for analysing weblog writing, as data for research. As a template for other first-person research, the framework showcases the author’s own experiences as a novice Web 2.0 user. Starting with the research question, “Why do I resist learning with technology?” I show how candid blogs are analysed to reveal an archetypal image of Echo and Narcissus in response to the research question. This chapter formulates how Subphenomenology uses intuition to access unconscious knowing, and reveal an archetypal image of the research in question. The case studied, like all case studies, may not be applicable to every learner who, in the described sample, shies away from technology. But it may provide profound insight to those who self-identify with the given universal myth. Subphenomenology is a formula, which can be applied to any weblog data, or indeed any creative work, to enable researchers to understand more about the universal implications of their most subjective reflections.

Guided endodontics is a cutting-edge technology that revolutionizes the precision and accuracy of root canal procedures. The importance and benefits of using guided endodontics in practice are examined in this chapter. In contrast to conventional techniques, guided endodontics combines accurate instrument tracking, computer-assisted technology, and real-time imaging to improve procedural results. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is employed to provide three-dimensional imagery. This allows for accurate navigation through intricate root canal systems and a detailed view of the anatomy of the tooth. Continuous feedback is provided via guided endodontics, which enables endodontists to track the process in real time and guarantee ideal irrigation and instrumentation. This technology improves total treatment efficiency, lowers radiation exposure for practitioners and patients, and lessens the possibility of operational errors. Because guided endodontics is interactive, it facilitates educated decision-making and individualized treatment plans, which supports a more patient-centric approach. Because of this, endodontists are able to navigate complex canal architecture with remarkable accuracy, which eventually improves endodontic therapies' success rates and long-term results. The adoption of guided endodontics into endodontic practice is a revolutionary step that gives a viable path toward improving the accuracy and effectiveness of root canal therapy

Driving north on the 290 Expressway from Buffalo to Niagara Falls each day, thousands of cars race alongside the mighty Niagara River. North America's fastest-flowing body of water, the Niagara seems jet-propelled. If the Mississippi is the Father of Waters for its grand length, then the Niagara is its furious little cousin: a short but manic river that, in a span of roughly 30 miles, sprints from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, with a famous plunge of nearly 200 feet at Niagara Falls. Few visitors ever come away from a tour of Niagara unmoved. "I was in a manner stunned and unable to comprehend the vastness of the scene," Charles Dickens said of his first glimpse of the Niagara River Basin and Falls in the 1840s. "Niagara was at once stamped upon my heart, an image of Beauty; to remain there, changeless and indelible, until its pulses cease to beat, for ever." For Dickens, as for countless others, Niagara Falls exemplifies the American natural sublime. The highway chasing the Niagara River illuminates a different force cutting through Western New York: industrialization. For what was once a scenic landscape astride a beautiful waterway has long since become a poster child of mega-industrial growth. In Buffalo, where the "Niagara" section of the thruway begins, mammoth factory buildings, hulking steel mills, and a cityscape of grain elevators testify to the industrial pathway that made the region a production powerhouse. At Niagara Falls, the road rolls past majestic power canals and generating stations, illuminating the region's (and the nation's) path to hydroelectric energy. The advent of hydroelectric power, as the saying goes, turned night into day and helped fuel the American industrial dream. No wonder area nuns used to tell troublesome teens that they should pray for their souls. If the Soviet Union wanted to take out American industrial power in Cold War times, Buffalo-Niagara was a main target.

Abstract Nietzsche’s prose can captivate you with its dynamic linearity, its candor, its cleanness-until, impulsively, its polyphony carries you off into “the transcendent.” Hence philosophers have tended to regard him as a writer, and writers as a philosopher: explicators are hard put to capture the magic of conjecture, the superpositional halo that his style gives off-like smoke rings rising from the far crest of his thought, signals decipherable to some other Euro-Indians on another crest, perhaps, in another age, even in ours. Faintly foreseeing that the Texas 1985 conference would generate spiky varieties of theoretical discourse with which to circumscribe the halo, I decided to contribute not another discourse on anything, but a series of downright phenomena, some of Nietzsche’s letters, as a sort of blanket to cap off, then release, the halofumes.

Abstract The present printed selection from the best-selling The Joy of Music concludes what was originally a telecast on the American musical delivered by conductor, composer, pianist, and educator Leonard Bernstein (7918-1990). First seen on the Omnibus series, October 7, 1956, the lecture was broadcast only two months before the debut of his own Candide (December l, 1956) and less than a year before West Side Story (September 26, 1957). After exploring the continuum of musical theater from the variety show to Wagnerian music drama (with revue, operetta, comic opera, opera buffa, opera comique, and grand opera somewhere in between), Bernstein presents the history of the American musical as a period of growth from primitive Mozart came along. In 1750, the big attraction was what they called the Singspiel, which was the Annie Get Your Gun of its day, star comic and all. This popular form took the leap to a work of art through the genius of Mozart. After all, The Magic Flute is a Singspiel; only it’s by Mozart. [Ed. Bernstein inserts a note here to “compare with related ideas in ‘Whatever Happened to That Great American Symphony?,’ page 40.” We are in the same position; all we need is for our Mozart to come along. If and when he does, we surely won’t get any Magic Flute; what we’ll get will be a new form, and perhaps “opera” will be the wrong word for it. There must be a more exciting word for such an exciting event. And this event can happen any second. It’s almost as though it is our moment in history, as if there is a historical necessity that gives us such a wealth of creative talent at this precise time.

Abstract The varied contexts in several stories of the peasantry’s past and since the 1950 and onwards enable us to understand the adverse repercussions of land reforms like Bhudan, and Chakbandi (Land Ceiling Act) and projects like building dams and canals, meant to liberate the landless and small farmer from many pressures. They initially raised the hope in the magic that the spirit of freedom of India could bring about, but soon turned into grim disappointment. The opening story, in flash back and forth, invokes in the memory vision of Ramjatan, images of nineteenth century colonial India, the legend of a small peasant Chelik who refused to surrender his land for the project Indigo, suffered bloody thrashing, by the bullying Angrej Sahib. Chelik’s weird resistance is remembered as a testimony to a peasant’s emotional bond with the land. The successive narratives unfold how since the 1950s the new arrangements in the guise of development programmes dispossessed many of the fertile pieces of lands, leading to endless litigations and migration of small peasants to the cities for alternative means of subsistence.

Abstract Grandes materias ingenia parva non sufferunt, et in ipso conatu ultra vires ausa succumbunt; quantoque maius fuerit quod dicendum est, tanto magis obruitur qui magnitudinem rerum verbis non potest explicate. Nepotianus meus, tuus, noster, immo Christi et, quia Christi, idcirco plus noster, <nos> reliquit senes et desiderii sui iaculo vulneratos intolerabili dolore confecit. quern heredem putavimus, funus tenemus. cui iam meum sudabit ingenium? cui litterulae placere gestient? ubi est ille eργoδιtκτηs noster et cycneo canore vox dulcior? stupet animus, manus tremit, caligant oculi, lingua balbutit. quidquid dixero, quia ille non audiet, mutum videtur. stilus ipse quasi sentiens et cera subtristior vel rubigine vel situ obducitur. quotienscumque nitor in verba prorumpere et super tumulum eius epitaphii huius flores spargere, totiens inplentur oculi et renovate dolore totus in funere sum. moris quandam fuit ut super cadavera defunctorum in contione pro rostris laudes liberi dicerent, et instar lugubrium carminum ad fletus et gemitus audientium pectora concitarent; en rerum in nobis ordo mutatus est, et in calamitatem nostram perdidit sua iura natura: quod exhibere senibus iuvenis debuit, hoc iuveni exhibemus senes.

I thought it would be relatively easy for me, with my six-year background of high school teaching and tutoring of math and physics, to co-op in the OC classroom with my first-grade son. I was both right and wrong. Indeed, my teaching experience and professional knowledge as a graduate student in child psychology helped me design activities suitable for first- and second-grade children. However, in terms of philosophy of teaching and organization of learning activities, my experience with traditional schooling was more harmful than helpful. My previous experience prepared me for delivering a lesson to a whole class or an individual. I was used to controlling children’s talk, which was supposed to be addressed only to me, and my students had learned early on in their schooling that they could talk legitimately only to the teacher and only when it was allowed by the teacher. The teacher was supposed to be the director, conductor, and main participant in classroom interaction. In the OC, I was shocked to discover that this traditional format of instruction was actively discouraged by teachers, co-opers, and children. This kind of teaching was not supported by the children in their interactions or by the classroom structure, with its small-group organization, children’s choice of groups, and nonsimultaneous rotation of the children from group to group. However, I did not know how to teach any other way. At the beginning of the school year I planned an activity that I called Magic Computer. It was designed to teach the reversibility of addition and subtraction as well as reading and computational skills, and it had worked beautifully with first- and second-graders in the past. The activity involved moving a paper strip that carried “computer commands” (“Think of a number. Add five to it. Take two away from it,” and so on) through an envelope with a window, to see one command at a time. The commands were designed so that addition and subtraction compensated for each other; therefore, the last message was “You have got your initial number!” The children’s job was to discover addition and subtraction combinations that cancel each other out and write them down on the paper strip, line by line.

Seton Lake is a freshwater fiord located in southwestern British Columbia, roughly 4 km west of Lillooet and 250 km north-northeast of Vancouver. Located in the Coast Mountains, it is an alpine lake about 22-km long and roughly 1-1.5 km wide. It is separated from nearby Anderson Lake, located to the west, by a large pre-historic rock avalanche deposit at Seton Portage. The lake stands at about 243 m above sea level and is up to about 150 m deep (BC gov., 1953). Water level is controlled by a hydroelectric dam (i.e., Seton dam) located at the eastern end of the lake. Here, the lake drains east into Seton Canal, a 5 km diversion of the flow of the Seton River, which begins at the Seton dam. The Seton Canal pushes water to the Seton Powerhouse, a hydroelectric generating station at the Fraser River, just south of the community of Sekw'el'was and confluence of the Seton River, which drains into the Fraser River at Lillooet. Seton Portage, Shalatlh, South Shalatlh, Tsal'alh (Shalath), Sekw'el'was (Cayoosh Creek), and T'it'q'et (Lillooet) are communities that surround the lake. Surrounded by mountainous terrain, the lake is flanked at mid-slope by glacial and colluvial sediments deposited during the last glacial and deglacial periods (Clague, 1989; Jakob, 2018). The bedrock consists mainly of mafic to ultramafic volcanic rocks with minor carbonate and argillite from the Carboniferous to Middle Jurassic periods (Journeay and Monger, 1994). As part of the Public Safety Geoscience Program at the Geological Survey of Canada (Natural Resources Canada), our goal is to provide baseline geoscience information to nearby communities, stakeholders and decision-makers. Our objective was to see what kind of sediments were deposited and specifically if we could identify underwater landslide deposits. Thus, we surveyed the lake using a Pinger SBP sub bottom profiler made by Knudsen Engineering Ltd., with dual 3.5 / 200 kHz transducers mounted to a small boat (see photo). This instrument transmits sound energy down through the water column that reflects off the lake bottom surface and underlying sediment layers. At the lake surface, the reflected sound energy is received by the profiler, recorded on a laptop computer, and integrated with GPS data. These data are processed to generate a two-dimensional image (or profile) showing the character of the lake bottom and underlying sediments along the route that the boat passed over. Our survey in 2022 recorded 98 profiles along Seton Lake. The red transect lines show the locations of the 20 profiles displayed on the poster. The types of sediments observed are mostly fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments that are horizontally bedded with a subtle transition between glaciolacustrine to lacustrine (e.g., profiles A-A'; C-C'; F-F'; S-S'). Profile S-S' displays this transition zone. The glaciolacustrine sediments probably were deposited as the Cordilleran Ice Sheet retreated from the local area (~13,000-11,000 years ago; Clague, 2017) and the lacustrine sediments, after the ice receded to present-day conditions. Some of the parallel reflections are interrupted, suggesting abrupt sedimentation by deposits that are not horizontally bedded; these are interpreted as landslide deposits (see pink or blue deposits on profiles). The deposits that show disturbance in the sedimentation found within the horizontal beds are thought to be older landslides (e.g., blue arrows/deposits in profiles C-C'; E-E'; F-F'; G-G'; I-I'; J-J'; K-K'; N-N'; P-P'; Q-Q'; R-R'; T-T'; U-U'), but the ones that are found on top of the horizontally laminated sediments (red arrows/pink deposits), and close to the lake wall, are interpreted to be younger (e.g., profiles B-B'; C-C'; H-H'; K-K'; M-M'; O-O'; P-P'; Q-Q'). At the fan delta just west of Seton dam, where there was no acoustic signal penetration, it is interpreted that the delta failed and brought down coarser deposits at the bottom of the lake (e.g., profiles H-H'; M-M'; and perhaps K-K'). However, these could be glacial deposits, bedrock, or other coarser deposits. Some of the deposits that reflect poor penetration of the acoustic signal, below the glaciolacustrine sediments, could represent glacial deposits, old landslide deposits, or perhaps the presence of gas (orange arrows; e.g, B-B'; D-D'; J-J'; O-O', T-T'). The preliminary results from sub bottom profiling reveal that there are underwater landslides deposits of widely varying ages buried in the bottom of the lake. However, the exact timing of these is not known. Hence our preliminary survey gives an overview of the distribution of landslides where there seems to be a larger number of landslides recorded in the narrower eastern portion of the lake.