Dissertationen zum Thema „Cancers du sein triple négatifs“
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Bonsang-Kitzis, Hélène. „Caractérisation moléculaire et immunité des cancers du sein triple-négatifs“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS162.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most heterogeneous and pejorative subtype of breast cancer. The cornerstone of the treatment of such tumors is based on systemic chemotherapy, more and more frequently administered before surgery, since no targeted therapy has been validated to date. Obtaining a pathological complete response (PCR) is a major favorable prognostic marker as well as an in vivo test of anti-tumor drug susceptibility. The objective of our thesis work was therefore to provide elements of understanding of this heterogeneity through the clinical, biological and molecular dissection of these tumors.We analyzed gene expression profiles of TNBCs and identified 6 distinct molecular subtypes with different biologies and prognoses. This classification used an original methodology based on both classical bioinformatic tools and biological networks. The enrichment of immunity genes from the stromal compartment of the tumor represents a major determinant of the prognosis of these tumors: a strong expression of the immunity genes is associated with a significantly more favorable prognosis.Our main contribution is based on a better understanding of immunity and tumor infiltrated lymphocytes (TILS) of these TNBCs. It is probably the most immunogenic subgroup of breast cancers with the highest TILs levels pre-NAC with HER2-positive tumors. TILS levels are also highly correlated with genes of our immune prognosis module. The predictive and prognostic value of stromal TILS is different according to the molecular subtype of breast cancer, suggesting a completely different immunity of these tumors. The rate of TILS also varies differentially within each subgroup under the influence of the NAC, indicating a complex interaction between TILS and treatments. We show that the kinetics of TILS levels with NAC is a relevant indicator of response to NAC with a response that is all the more important that a decrease in the TILS rate will be important. The most immunogenic tumors with an important immune activity are therefore the most favorable triple-negative tumors. One of the challenges of the coming years will therefore be to identify, as soon as possible, the least immunogenic TNBC that can best benefit from immunotherapies alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic treatment in order to activate or restore early a deficient immunity.Under the same denomination of TILS there are probably different phenotypic populations of lymphocytes. Indeed, after CNA, their prognostic value is opposite between the TNBC and the HER2-positive tumors: high levels of TILS are associated with an unfavorable prognosis in HER2-positive tumors whereas they have a tendency to be associated with a better prognosis for TNBC tumors. The interactions are complex between cytotoxic agents and the tumor and / or its microenvironment. The analysis of the breast or axillary lymph node residual disease represents an underutilized material that could lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of sensitivity or resistance to treatment.Beyond the key role immunity for these tumors, our work identifies some TNBCs for which the hormonal environment, through the body mass index or the menopausal status, could play a role. Thus, the exploration of the metabolome, immune features in overweight / obese patients or the analysis of the androgen-receptor pathway (and its connections with the estrogen and progesterone-receptor pathways) of the TNBC must also be explored. This opens up possible treatment perspectives for some patients
Ashraf, Yahya. „Immunociblage de la cathepsine D dans le microenvironnement des cancers du sein triple-négatifs“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTT020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCancer is the leading cause of death in the developed world. This project focuses t on the high incidence triple-negative breast cancers (ER- and PR-negative, HER2-non amplified) who present unsatisfactory treatments. Tumor progression is known to be due to cross-talk between cancer cells and their surrounding supporting tissue, the tumor stroma. The lysosomal aspartic protease cathepsin D is over-produced and abnormally hypersecreted by epithelial breast cancer cells. This protease is an independent marker of poor prognosis in breast cancer correlated with the incidence of clinical metastasis. Cathepsin D stimulates tumor progression by both proteolytic and non-proteolytic molecular mechanisms. Our team has shown that secreted pro-cathepsin D can alter the tumor microenvironment by interacting with partners such as the LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1) receptor, and/or by cleaving endogenous substrates like cystatin C. My pHD project aimed to target extracellular procathepsin D released in breast cancer by developing specific therapeutic antibodies to block its catalytic and binding capacities. We have isolated 50 hybridomas, that secreted IgM, a pentameric antibody format with high avidity but low affinity, and 8 anti-cath-D scFv by phage display. The anti-human cath-D scFv were selected by functional screenings for their ability to inhibit both the proteolytic activity of Cath-D and its binding to the fibroblastic LRP1 receptor. Two scFv cloned under IgG1 format (F1 and E2) inhibited wound healing, colony formation and three-dimensional outgrowth in Matrigel of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells, and their tumor growth in athymic nude mice. Our findings strongly suggest that antibody-based targeting of Cath-D within the breast tumor microenvironment may have therapeutic efficacy for breast cancer treatment
Yakhni, Mohamad. „Inhibition de la synthèse des protéines, un traitement adapté aux cancers du sein triple négatifs des sous-types moléculaires autres que basal-like 1“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAS025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriple negative breast cancers (TNBC) without BRCA1/2 gene mutation or BRCAness are nowadays the breast malignancies most difficult to treat. Improvement of their treatment, for all phases of the disease, is an important unmet medical need. We analyzed the effect of homoharringtonine, a natural protein synthesis inhibitor approved for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, on four cell lines representing aggressive, BRCA1/2 non-mutated, TNBC genomic categories. We show that homoharringtonine inhibits in vitro growth of all cell lines for more than 80%, after 48-72h exposure to 20-100 ng/mL, the concentrations achievable in human plasma after subcutaneous drug administration. Homoharringtonine, at 100 ng/mL, strongly reduced levels of a major TNBC survival factor, anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, after only 2h of exposure, in all cell lines except MDA-MB-231. Other anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2, survivin and XIAP, were also strongly downregulated. Moreover, in vivo growth of the least sensitive cell line to homoharringtonine in vitro, MDA-MB-231 was inhibited for 36.5% in mice, by 1 mg/kg of the drug, given subcutaneously, bi-daily, over 7 days. These results demonstrate marked antineoplastic activity of homoharringtonine in TNBC. Therefore, this drug is worth clinical evaluation in TNBC patients, as a single-agent in the metastatic or post-adjuvant maintenance setting
Hatem, Rana. „Etude des altérations moléculaires et évaluation de nouvelles thérapies ciblées dans les cancers du sein triple-négatifs“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmong breast cancer subtypes, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a very poor prognosis. There are currently no known targeted therapies for this subgroup of patients. In this project, we analyzed the profile of certain oncogenic alterations in the TN tumors and evaluated in vivo the therapeutic potential of targeting these alterations in TNBC.We first demonstrated that the tyrosine kinase receptor RET is overexpressed in a subset of TN and HER2+ tumors. Targeting RET by his inhibitor Vandetanib was tested in vivo in three PDX models of TNBC and one model of HER2+ BC with different expression levels of RET and EGFR. Vandetanib induced tumor regression in the three PDX models with high expression of RET or EGFR. Vandetanib effect was associated with inhibition of MAPK pathway, inhibition of angiogenesis and induction of necrosis. PI3K pathway alterations were investigated in an important number of BC PDX including TNBC PDX. PI3K pathway was shown to be activated in TNBC PDX possibly by the loss of the two pathway suppressors, PTEN and/or INPP4B. Treatment by Everolimus induced response in seven among the fifteen TNBC PDX tested. Analysis of treated tumors showed that post-treatment phosphorylation of AKT was more pronounced in responder PDX. The combination of Everolimus with chemotherapy was tested in one PDX and resulted in increased efficacy.In conclusion, in this work we showed that Vandetanib and Everolimus could be effective in treating TNBC. Further investigations are still needed to validate response related biomarkers
Mallinger, Arnaud. „Etude du mécanisme d'action d'un onco-métabolite impliqué dans la prolifération des cancers du sein triple-négatifs“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30198.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. There are three subtypes of breast cancer: those that express estrogen hormone receptors (REα +), those that amplify the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and those that don’t express any of these receptors, triple negative cancers (TN). For the last subtype, there is no targeted therapy. Cholesterol metabolism is deregulated in breast cancer compared to normal tissue. Indeed, in normal mammary tissues, cholesterol-5,6-epoxides (ECs) are transformed by cholesterol epoxide hydrolase (ChEH) into cholestan-triol (CT). In mammary tumor tissue, CT is converted into an onco-metabolite, 6-oxo-cholestan-3β, 5α-diol (OCDO), by the enzyme 11β-hydroxystéroïde déshydrogénase type 2 (11βHSD2). 11βHSD2 is known to regulate glucocorticoid metabolism by converting cortisol, an active glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist, to inactive cortisone. In addition, the OCDO stimulates the proliferation of different models of breast cancer TN by the GR. Data from the literature indicate that overexpression of GR correlates with poor progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with TN breast cancer. The purpose of my thesis was to characterize the mechanisms involved in OCDO-mediated tumor proliferation by the GR. I then showed that the AP-1 mitogenic pathway is activated by OCDO by the GR and has a major role in the tumor progression of these cell models in vitro and in vivo. Thus, targeting GR and the AP-1 pathway may represent new therapeutic strategies for TN breast cancers
Marques, Pinheiro Alice. „Implication du métabolisme de la sérotonine dans les cancers du sein triple négatifs et perspectives cliniques“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS265.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancers. It accounts for 15-20% of breast cancers. No progress in survival has been achieved since the advent of standard chemotherapy protocols. TNBC is an important clinical challenge. They have the worst outcome among breast cancer subgroups. Given their poor prognosis, their assumed hetetogeneity, and absence of any alternative specific targeted therapy, chemotherapy remains the only TNBC treatment. Despite an often good initial response to treatment, more than a half of patients do not achieve a pathological complete response, with a frequent and fast tumor relapse. Several therapeutic approaches have been identified preclinically, but none of these molecules have been shown to be effective on all of these patients. There is a urge for the identification of new treatments.An interesting strategy is the repurposing of medical compounds that were initially not intended for the treatment of a given disease. This strategy takes advantage of the extremely expensive initial research and development effort. This process is potentially efficient and cost-effective as previous clinical trials have been performed and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and toxicity have been already explored. In order to develop new treatment schemes we addressed the following question: Is there available drugs with strong activity in TNBC? To do so, we performed a high-throughput drug screening on 12 TNBC cell lines to reflect the dramatic heterogeneity of the disease. From this drug discovery program, several interesting compounds were identified with significant anti-tumor potential against TNBC. More particularly, psychoactive compounds regulating serotonin metabolism (ie antidepressant drugs and notably serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors-SSRIs) were found to be highly effective “hits”.My thesis work turned to the comprehension of serotonin implication in TNBC physiopathology to understand if modulating its metabolism could be of therapeutic interest for TNBC management. Different biological aspects were investigated concerning serotonin effects on TNBC cellular models (serotonin adjunction in vitro or endogenous synthesis inhibition). In addition, I established a comprehensive map of the serotonergic landscape in TNBC (biosynthetic capacity, transporters, receptors) that led to the identification of therapeutic targets that would be of interest in the treatment of cancer: HTR1D and HTR1B. Indeed, by blocking these promising targets (with chemical inhibitors or siRNA knockdown) we observed a strong reduction in cell viability in our large panel of TNBC cell lines. Remarkably, we found that their expression levels were associated to poor prognosis in breast cancer, and notably in TNBC subtype with huge dichotomy observed in the outcome, allowing future stratification of TNBC patient management and selection for further targeted therapies. These results pinpoint HTR1D and HTR1B as strong prognosis biomarkers in TNBC. Immunohistochemistry staining was also conducted to confirm the presence of these targets at the protein level in tumor samples. Moreover, I could identify a microRNA regulating one of these receptors: has-miR-599. Consistently, expression levels of this microRNA demonstrated a prognostic impact on TNBC survival. While ex vivo data of one SSRI and the dual antagonist of HTR1D/HTR1D receptors shown encouraging efficacy, their preclinical evaluation assessed in a TN PDX model could not allow to demonstrate any significant effect on tumor growth in vivo. As a matter of fact, serotonin metabolism is a complex system and TNBC heterogeneity does not permit to conclude on the therapeutic proof of concept of the serotonergic modulation in TNBC with this first attempt. A scientific manuscript of this work is being prepared for publication
Tabet, Imene. „Exploration de la sensibilité au stress réplicatif dans les cancers du sein triple négatifs BRCA déficients“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONT015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbout 15% of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are BRCA defective and show Homologous Recombination DNA repair Deficiency (HRD) and increased sensitivity to genotoxic drugs. We hypothesized that BRCA-defective TNBC are highly sensitive to replicative stress inducing drugs, which could open therapeutic perspectives. Our results show that BRCA1-deficient (BRCA1-Def) TNBC, as well as BRCA1-Def ovarian cancer cell lines showed increased sensitivity to Gemcitabine. Noticeably, Gemcitabine induced increased cell death in BRCA1-Def cells, associated with mediocre replicative stress management. Indeed, up to 80% of BRCA1-Def cells displayed persistent gH2AX staining even 48h after washing off Gemcitabine, compared with their BRCA1-WT counterpart in which staining had decreased significantly. Furthermore, Gemcitabine treated BRCA1-Def cells showed a persistent imbalance between RPA32-positive and gH2Ax-positive cells, suggesting unresolved replication stress in these cells and occurrence of replication catastrophe in a substantial fraction of the cells. Furthermore, an important fraction of gH2AX+ cells displayed pan-nuclear staining, which numbers steadily increased over time in Gemcitabine treated BRCA1-Def cells, while they decreased in the BRCA1-WT counterpart. Interestingly, nearly 90% of gH2AX pan-nuclear cells were completely negative for RPA32 and showed a strong BrdU staining in non-denaturing conditions, indicating an important accumulation of single stranded DNA specifically in these cells. Noticeably, an important number of cells with pan-nuclear gH2Ax staining were also negative for RAD51 foci, but were positive for both 53BP1 and FANCD2 foci. The opposite landscape was observed in the BRCA1-WT cells in which gH2AX pan nuclear cells were RAD51+ and 53BP1- and FANCD2-. These results indicate an acute replicative stress response in the BRCA1-Def context that induces replication forks arrest. This could lead to replication fork collapse and possibly massive DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSB). To test this hypothesis, we performed Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis experiments that clearly showed important accumulation of DSBs in the BRCA1-Def cells 48h after Gemcitabine release. These DSBs did not result from the apoptotic cleavage of DNA as joint treatment with Gemcitabine and the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD FMK did not modify the DSB level, suggesting that DSBs resulted from an accumulation of unprotected ssDNA. Next we tested whether the accumulation of ssDNA resulted from over-resection caused by uncontrolled activity of the exonuclease MRE11 in BRCA-Def cell and applied a joint treatment of Gemcitabine and Mirin. As a matter of fact, inhibition of MRE11 with Mirin resulted in a specific decrease of the number of cells presenting the pan-nuclear gH2AX staining. Finally, we noted that BRCA1-Def cells were prone to mitotic slippage leading to mitotic catastrophes illustrated by an important accumulation of micronuclei in these cells. Noticeably, micro-nuclei showed double positive BrdU and pan nuclear gH2AX staining indicating that they corresponded to fragmentation of nuclei with elevated ssDNA content. We have also been able to show that the hypersensitivity of BRCA1-Def cancers to acute replication stress is reproducible in vivo in PDX models, which displayed a pan-nuclear gH2AX staining profiles, in accordance with their Gemcitabine response status. Hence, we propose that pan-nuclear gH2Ax staining could be a marker of replication catastrophe in treated tumors and could possibly be considered as a biomarker of the response to replicative stress. Hence, in a BRCA-Def context Gemcitabine treatment has combined lethal consequences, massive replicative and mitotic catastrophe
Mansouri, Hanane. „Ciblage de la protéase cathepsine D par des anticorps monoclonaux humains pour la thérapie des cancers du sein triple-négatifs“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancer cases, and chemotherapy is the only available treatment. Thus identification of new therapeutic targets is required to improve TNBC outcome. In breast cancer, the aspartic protease cathepsin D (cath-D) is a marker of poor prognosis associated with metastatic risk. This protease is overexpressed by breast cancer cells and is abnormally hypersecreted into the tumor microenvironment. Cath-D affects both cancer and stromal cells in the breast tumor microenvironment by increasing the proliferation of breast cancer cells, fibroblast invasive outgrowth, tumor growth and angiogenesis, and metastasis formation. Many studies indicated that extracellular cath-D displays oncogenic activities, suggesting it could represent a novel therapeutic target in TNBC. In order to block its oncogenic actions, the laboratory generated human IgG1 antibodies against extracellular cath-D by phage display (International patent N° PCT/EP2016/061454). The aims of my PhD project was i) to validate the potential value of cath-D as a tumor-specific extracellular target in TNBC, ii) to evaluate the therapeutic activity, and iii) to characterize the mechanisms of action of these anti-cath-D human antibodies.We showed that elevated CTSD mRNA levels correlated with shorter recurrence-free survival. Using proteomics analysis and anti-cath-D immunohistochemistry performed on Tissue Micro-Array, we observed that extracellular cath-D was detected in the tumor microenvironment of TNBC, but not in matched normal breast stroma samples. Our results thus indicate that cath-D is a tumor cell-associated extracellular biomarker and strongly suggest that it could be a good candidate for antibody-based therapy in TNBC. We found that anti-cath-D human antibodies, F1 and E2, accumulated in TNBC MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts in athymic mice by SPECT-CT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) and biodistribution analysis. F1 and E2 antibodies inhibited tumor growth of MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts and improved mice survival without apparent toxicity. F1, the best antibody candidate, inhibited tumor growth of two TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Mechanistically, F1 treatment modulates immune tumor microenvironment in the MDA-MB-231 tumor cell xenograft model. Together, our results indicate that antibody-based targeting of cath-D may have therapeutic efficacy for TNBC treatment
Vinet, Mathilde. „Analyse de la protéine arginine méthyltransférase 5 comme cible thérapeutique dans les cancers du sein triple-négatifs“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02631827.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are highly heterogeneous and aggressive breast cancers for which no targeted therapy yet exists. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an enzyme which catalyzes the methylation of arginines on histone and non‐histone proteins, and its cofactor methylosome protein 50 (MEP50), have recently been attributed oncogenic functions. This thesis analyzes PRMT5/MEP50 expression and localization in a cohort of 150 breast tumors, and explores the therapeutic potential of PRMT5 targeting in TNBC, using siRNA and the specific, small-molecule inhibitor EPZ015666. We show that TNBC express similar levels of PRMT5 and MEP50 proteins compared to healthy breast tissues and to other breast cancer subtypes, but with a distinctively low nuclear component, suggesting a prognostic value of PRMT5/MEP50 localization in breast cancers. We find PRMT5 to be a relevant therapeutic target, alone or in combination, for a subset of TNBC. Finally, we identify putative novel PRMT5/MEP50 partners, whose function merit further investigation in the context of TNBC
Tolza, Claire. „Fra-1 et Fra-2 dans les cancers du sein triple négatifs : mécanismes transcriptionnels et identification de cibles thérapeutiques potentielles“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT094/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are characterized by a poor prognosis and no targeted therapy is currently available. The identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets is crucial for the treatment of these cancers. Fra-1 and Fra-2, two members of the AP-1 transcriptional complex, are frequently overexpressed in TNBC, where they contribute to the tumorigenic phenotype. The panel of genes under the control of Fra-1 and/or Fra-2 in TNBC, as well as the molecular mechanisms by which they control their target gene expression are mostly unknown. The aim of my thesis was to identify the panel of genes controlled by Fra-1 and/or Fra-2 in TNBC and to characterize the binding sites of Fra-1 and Fra-2 on chromatin to select direct targets for further studies, by using transcriptomic and ChIP-seq approaches combined to RNAi in the model cell line MDA-MB231. The results allowed us to select target genes for transcriptional and functional studies. The study of the transcriptional mechanisms governed by Fra-1 and/or Fra-2 was carried out on the HMGA1 gene, already known for its crucial role in the aggressiveness of epithelial tumours. The fonctional study was focused on CD68, as its expression in highly induced by Fra-1 and Fra-2. CD68 encodes a transmembrane protein which cellular fonction is still not known and its potential role in tumorigenesis has not been studied yet
Del, Bano Joanie. „Développement d'anticorps bispécifiques pour l'immunothérapie des cancers“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0161.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMounting evidence of the key contribution of NK cells in immunity against cancer has boosted the investigations on NK cell-based therapies. Among these strategies, monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics (mAbs) are currently the fastest growing segment of the medicine market. Despite therapeutic innovations, triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) remain insensitive to the current targeted or hormono-therapies. Our objective is to manipulate NK cell functions and tumor targets using an original format of nanobody-based bispecific antibodies (bsFab) to revert the dampened immune response for treating TNBC. Thus, we generate two bsFabs able to crosslink NK and tumor cells. NK antitumor effects driven by mAbs and bsFabs, alone or in combination, were investigated in vitro and in vivo on preclinical TNBC models. Here, we demonstrate the potential of bsFabs to enlarge the number of patients eligible for breast cancer immunotherapy and prompt to consider combination strategies
Trouvilliez, Sarah. „Caractérisation des interactions entre TrkA, CD44 et les molécules de leur signalisation dans les cancers du sein triple négatifs“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILS104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBreast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide (WHO). Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and prognosis varies according to molecular characteristics. In particular, the management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a clinical challenge due to the lack of specific and effective therapy. In this context, our team has highlighted the role of TrkA in TNBC. More precisely, the work of Prof. Toillon shows that TrkA acts not only via its phosphorylation but also via the membrane receptor platform. In particular, NGF induces an interaction of TrkA with the glycoprotein CD44. The TrkA/CD44 complex activates a TrkA phospho-ndependent signaling involved in the resistance of TrkA inhibitors. To target this resistance mechanism, the interactions between TrkA, CD44 and their signaling partners were investigated. First, I determined that the TrkA/CD44 complex involves only CD44 variant 3. By determining the molecular motifs involved, a peptide blocking the TrkA/CD44v3 association was synthesized and an H112A mutant of TrkA. I thus confirmed the importance of the amino acids of CD44v3 (IDDDEDFISST) and of the amino acid H112 on TrkA in this interaction. Interestingly, this blocking peptide reduces tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, we showed that CD44 inhibition does not affect the binding of one of TrkA/CD44 signaling partners. We then deciphered the TrkA/signaling molecule interaction and showed that an inhibitor of this interaction blocks the migration of triple negative cancer cells. In conclusion, our studies revealed the role of TrkA/CD44/signaling molecule interactions in breast cancer aggressiveness and resistance to TrkA inhibitors. It suggests that if current TrkA inhibitors are not effective in TNBC, novel inhibitors disrupting TrkA/CD44 signaling could be a new therapeutic option
Dagher, Elie. „Stratification à visée pronostique des carcinomes mammaires triple-négatifs félins, modèles spontanés de cancer du sein“. Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ONIR126F.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriple-negative (TN) breast cancers, negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2, the epidermal growth factor receptor type 2, account for 15-20% of breast cancers in women. There exists yet no targeted therapy for this aggressive, poor-prognosis subtype of breast cancer. Gene expression studies have shown that TN breast cancers are heterogeneous, with certain subtypes associated with a particular prognosis, which may possibly benefit from targeted therapies. We have shown that 68% of invasive mammary carcinomas in cats are TN, suggesting that cats are promising spontaneous animal models for future targeted therapy trials of these aggressive cancers.The hypothesis of the PhD thesis is that spontaneous TN mammary carcinomas of the cat (FMC) comprise, as in women, different subgroups with different prognoses (associated with a more or less unfavorable patient outcome) and with different therapeutic possibilities.180 cats, diagnosed with spontaneous invasive mammary carcinoma, were included in a retrospective study and analyzed by immunohistochemistry, to identify among other markers, AR, the androgen receptor, basal cytokeratins and the regulatory T-cell marker FoxP3. The results obtained show that the cat spontaneously develops the equivalent of the "luminal-AR" and "basal immunosuppressed" subgroups of human TN breast cancers. This implies that future targeted therapies for triplenegative breast cancer could be tested for their efficacy and toxicity in the feline species, including antiandrogen therapeutic strategies or cancer immunotherapy, designed to improve the management of women with triple-negative breast cancer
Fouqué, Amélie. „Etude de la voie non-apoptotique induite par le récepteur CD95 : application dans les cancers du sein triple négatifs et développement thérapeutique“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBreast cancer represents a complex and heterogeneous pathology that can be divided in many subtypes according to biological characteristics. Among them, triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are characterized by a negative immunohistochemical staining for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, and without overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2). TNBCs represent 10 to 20% of breast cancers and are currently treated by chemotherapy contrary to non-TNBCs, which receive targeted therapies such as hormone therapy or neutralizing antibodies. Compared to non-TNBC, higher rates of relapse and metastasis are observed within five years after diagnosis due to the development of chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, identification of molecular mechanisms implicated in this process is crucial to develop improved therapies. Recent studies carried out by our group on the death receptor CD95 and its ligand CD95L highlighted their pro-oncogenic function in TNBCs. Indeed, in comparison to non-TNBC patients, TNBC patients present higher levels of the naturally cleaved CD95L (cl-CD95L), which is correlated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, cl-CD95L promotes in vivo metastatic dissemination of TNBC cells through the formation of the Motility-Inducing Signalling Complex (MISC) and the induction of the non-apoptotic signaling pathway PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Unless, these new findings increase our understanding of the oncogenic process in TNBC tumours, many things remain to be done to develop new targeted therapies. During my thesis, two lines of research were investigated. The first one, in agreement with previous results obtained by our team, consisted in the development of new inhibitors able to block the migration process induced by the death receptor. The second one was to define how the main actors of the apoptotic machinery, especially anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and BclxL proteins, promote metastatic dissemination of breast cancer cells. Our work revealed that inhibiting these Bcl-2 family members using BH3-mimetics may turn out to be an original therapeutic strategy to prevent metastatic dissemination in TNBC patients
Rigaill, Guillem. „Développements statistiques et algorithmiques pour l'analyse des cancers du sein de type triple négatif“. Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00593939.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClaude-Taupin, Aurore. „Etude du rôle de la protéine autophagique ATG9A dans les cancers du sein“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCE007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutophagy is an intracellular process which contributes to the maintenance of cell homeostasis. The deregulation of this complex process, which requires more than 40 ATG proteins, has been shown to be involved in tumor development. In our laboratory, we analyzed a cohort of 80 breast cancers and demonstrated that ATG9A gene expression is increased in triple negative breast cancer samples compared to adjacent healthy tissues. We then studied the role of ATG9A in the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-436 using two extinction models created with the sh-RNA or the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Our two extinction models presented a blockade of autophagy, due to a decrease of autophagosome degradation. We also observed a decrease of in vitro and in vivo cancer phenotypes, such as proliferation, invasion or in vivo tumor growth, of sh-ATG9A cells compared to control cells. However, we did not observe any difference of cancer phenotypes between the CRISPR-CAS9 cells and the control ones. Since we still detected the presence of the ATG9A mRNA in the CRISPR models but not in the sh-RNA models, we hypothesized that this mRNA might play a role in the maintenance of breast cancer phenotypes in these cells, either by the expression of a truncated isoform of the ATG9A protein from the mutated ATG9A mRNA obtained after the action of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, or its interaction with non-coding mRNAs. If proven, this could establish ATG9A mRNA as a potential therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancers for which no targeted therapy is currently available
Passildas, Jahanmohan Judith. „Les cancers du sein agressifs : conséquences de la ménopause chimio-induite chez les femmes jeunes atteintes d'un cancer du sein non métastatique et facteurs pronostiques de la rechute du cancer du sein triple négatif“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAS003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBreast cancer is the most common cancer among women and despite a decline in mortality in recent years, due to early detection and better treatment management, it remains a major public health issue. Breast cancer mortality has been found to be higher in the case of aggressive or poor prognostic cancers such as breast cancer in young women and the triple negative subtype of breast cancer (TNBC).This PhD focuses on these two types of breast cancer and aims to study the consequences of chemotherapy-induced menopause (CIM) in young women with non metastatic breast cancer and evaluate the prognostic factors of TNBC relapse. One of the aspect of my PhD is based on the clinical study MENOCOR. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of CIM on the quality of life (QoL) of young women with non metastatic breast cancer. The incidence of CIM and the study of hormonal variations are also a part of the secondary objectives. As a part of this PhD work, the interim analysis planned in the study protocol was conducted on 59 patients with a follow-up of 18 months post-chemotherapy. These first results tend to show a QoL decrease, evaluted by the QLQ-BR23, in menopausal women vs non menopausal women (p=0.17). At this stage of the trial, the QLQ-BR23 seems to be more appropriate than the QLQ-C30 to evaluate QoL. We also underline the possible prediction of CIM by the inital AMH level and age. Thus, these results should be compared to the final analysis and we expect that with a greater power (240 patients and a follow-up of 30 months post-chemotherapy) the QoL results will reach significance.The second axis consists of a database on TNBC. This retrospective study follows the work carried out in Jean PERRIN Cancer Center and aims to evaluate dynamics and pronostic factors of TNBC relapse. The analysis showed that the main pronostic factors are the node metastasis, the presence of emboli and the tumor size. The variability of response to chemotherapy (pCR to chemoresistance) and the diversity of relapses (early relapse (<1 year), standard relapse (1 to 5 years) and late relpase (> 5 years)) confirmed the heterogeneity of TNBC highlighting the need to continue the research of new biomarkers. In conclusion, these results open up many research perspectives. We plan to compare the final results of the MENOCOR study with those of the interim analysis presented in this PhD work. At the end of the study, we expect to have a better knowledge of CIM, its impact on QoL and the role of AMH in predicting menopause. Regarding the TNBC, it is planned to conduct another larger retrospective study focused in hematologic parameters evaluating the role of hematologic and genetic parameters. Depending on the results, a prospective study could be promoted in order to evaluate the role of tumoral micro-environment, and hematologic and genetic parameters in TNBC relapse
Sadacca, Benjamin. „Pharmacogenomic and High-Throughput Data Analysis to Overcome Triple Negative Breast Cancers Drug Resistance“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS538/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGiven the large number of treatment-resistant triple-negative breast cancers, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of resistance and to find new effective molecules. First, we analyze two large-scale pharmacogenomic datasets. We propose a novel classification based on transcriptomic profiles of cell lines, according to a biological network-driven gene selection process. Our molecular classification shows greater homogeneity in drug response than when cell lines are grouped according to their original tissue. It also helps identify similar patterns of treatment response. In a second analysis, we study a cohort of patients with triple-negative breast cancer who have resisted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We perform complete molecular analyzes based on RNAseq and WES. We observe a high molecular heterogeneity of tumors before and after treatment. Although we highlighted clonal evolution under treatment, no recurrent mechanism of resistance could be identified Our results strongly suggest that each tumor has a unique molecular profile and that that it is increasingly important to have large series of tumors. Finally, we are improving a method for testing the overrepresentation of known RNA binding protein motifs in a given set of regulated sequences. This tool uses an innovative approach to control the proportion of false positives that is not realized by the existing algorithm. We show the effectiveness of our approach using two different datasets
Garbar, Christian. „MUC/EGFR/IL17 et l’autophagie sont associés à la résistance de la chimiothérapie ou des thérapies ciblées dans les cancers du sein triple négatif“. Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMM207/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriple negative breast cancer (TN) is often associated to chemioresistance. Moreover, despite an EGRF over-expression, TN is also resistant to anti-EGFR drugs. These resistance mechanisms are not known yet.MUC1 is a transmembrane broadly glycosylated protein. Its extracellular unit (MUC-N) is involved to membrane receptor regulations, as EGFR. As other membrane glycoproteins, MUC1 could modulate, by over-sialylation, the immune cellular response. Its intracellular unit (MUC-C) presents phosphorylation sites involved in numerous signal pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR or RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK. Both pathways regulate autophagy which is a survival cellular mechanism associated to resistance of chemiotherapy drugs.We showed that TN presents quantitative and qualitative MUC1 alterations, likely associated with dys-regulation of autophagy/MUC1/EGFR pathways. The activation of autophagy explains the chemiotherapy resistance. IL17 is a proinflammatory interleukin secreted by the tumor microenvironment. In TN, IL17 is also associated to chemiorestistance throughout the MEK/ERK pathways, suggesting its involving activating autophagy.In conclusion, our work allows us to hypothesize that inhibition of autophagy and/or MUC1 and/or IL17 could be increase the sensibility to chemiotherapy or targeted therapies against TN
Torossian, Nouritza. „Study of long non-coding RNAs and reference-free detected RNAs as potential biomarkers and actors of Triple Negative Breast Cancers' chemoresistance“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLS057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) represent a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancers including 12% to 24% of all cases, having the poorest prognoses and often affecting young women. Treatment at localized stage is mainly based on chemotherapy, with no targeted therapy (except germline BRCA mutated patients). Nearly all patients receive the same Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) with anthracyclines and taxanes, that badly impacts survival in the absence of pathological complete response (pCR). Therapeutic intensification, notably with addition of immunotherapy, is the current trend to increase pCR rate and improve survival. Standard gene expression signatures have failed to provide effective tools to predict TNBC chemoresistance, probably due to their incomplete nature, as they are mostly based on expression of protein coding genes and/or referenced transcripts and up to date there is no clinically useful transcriptomic signature predicting TNBC chemoresistance to NAC. Such a predictive signature would allow patient selection for therapeutic intensification. Therefore, it is important to explore the remaining 90% of the genome consisting of non-coding and non-referenced regions. One class of non-coding RNAs that is of great interest are long non-coding (lnc) RNAs, that are at least 200 nucleotides long, some of them being specifically expressed in cancer. Moreover, some lncRNAs have been shown to be implicated in different mechanisms of chemoresistance. LncRNAs are not fully well annotated in the human genome and new unreferenced transcripts, coding or not, and new isoforms of known genes are discovered daily.Therefore, the first goal of my PhD was to assess reference-free transcriptome as a potential reservoir of predictive biomarkers of TNBC chemoresistance. A cohort of 78 TNBCs before NAC was analyzed, comparing chemosensitive (chS) and chemoresistant (chR) cases based on international Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) score. A standard differential gene expression analysis (DE-seq) on annotated genes, and on new lncRNAs detected with a de novo RNA-profiler, and a reference-free analysis of differential fragments of transcripts without annotation bias were compared. Reference-free approach showed best separation of chS and chR patients in the training cohort. Further, based on comparison with an independent validation cohort, an optimized approach was proposed, where specific genomic regions with differential expression were selected. This technique gave a reproducible signature of chemoresistance between the two cohorts. In all, these results show the potential of a reference-free approach to generate a transcriptomic signature as predictive biomarker of early TNBC chemoresistance. Further investigation is needed to validate the signature using larger validation cohorts.The second objective of my PhD was to assess lncRNAs as potential actors/therapeutic targets in chR TNBCs. For that we selected lncRNAs upregulated in chR pre-NAC TNBCs (compared with chS pre-NAC TNBCs) and in chR post-NAC TNBCs (compared with chR pre-NAC TNBCs). Considering lncRNAs level and specificity of expression, genomic position, and pre-existing data of their potential function, three lncRNAs (AL450326.1, LINC02609 and MIR503HG) were retained for functional analysis. By knocking down levels of these lncRNAs in TNBC cell line model, an impact on Docetaxel cytotoxicity was assessed. All three lncRNAs knock downs showed an improved Docetaxel induced cytotoxicity. Knock down of AL450326.1 and LINC02609 resulted in a decreased spontaneous clonogenicity and increased Docetaxel induced cell death, giving a first indication of their mode of action. In all, we identified three lncRNAs playing a role in NAC chemoresistance. Further functional studies will allow to decipher the mechanisms by which the identified lncRNAs affect chemoresistance with the ultimate goal to identify new therapeutic approaches to circumvent NAC chemoresistance of TNBCs
Sundqvist, Martina. „Stability and selection of the number of groups in unsupervised clustering : application to the classification of triple negative breast cancers“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASM026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, I treat the topic of classifying Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) tumors from a statistical point of view. After proposing a classification of TNBC based on proteins, I mainly focus on the use of cluster stability for selecting the number of groups in unsupervised clustering. Indeed, this is the method generally employed when classifying TNBC. The aim of this method is to obtain a classification that is robust, that is, easily replicable on similar data. This is measured by its sensibility to small changes, such as subsamplig of the dataset.Despite the popularity of this method, little is still known about how or when it works. For this reason, I propose two important methodological contributions, increasing the usability and interpretability of this method: (1) an R-package, clustRstab, that easily enables to estimate the stability of a clustering in different parameter settings. This package is accompanied by a simulation and an application study investigating when and how this method works. (2) A Modified version of the Adjusted Rand Index (ARI), a popular score for cluster comparisons which is a crucial step for estimating the stability of a clustering. I correct this score by basing it on a multinomial distribution hypothesis which enables it to take into account dependence between clusterings and conduct statistical inference. This Modified ARI (M ARI) is implemented in the R package texttt{aricode}.These two methods are then applied to a large cohort of TNBC tumors and the results are discussed in relation to earlier classification results of TNBC
Peres, Michaël. „Caractérisation d’une signature sphingolipidique d’immunoéchappement dans le cancer du sein triple négatif“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30337.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBreast cancer, the most common malignancy affecting women, is responsible for the majority of woman death by cancer worldwide. There are three different breast cancer types defined by the expression of oestrogen and progesterone and HER2 receptors. The so-called triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), doesn’t express any of these receptors. Sphingolipid (SL) metabolism is frequently altered in breast cancer, alterations are associated with tumour progression. Although SL can act as immune response modulators in preclinical cancer models, there are, to date, no study assessing the impact of SL metabolism alterations on tumor development and associated immune response in Humans. In this setting, our aim was double. Our first objective was to characterize the SL signature in human mammary tumour biopsies from different pathological subtypes. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry assay, we identified elevated levels of C24:0-SL in TNBC, which could be used as potential biomarkers of this cancer subtype. Our second objective was to identify a SL signature associated with immune responses in breast cancer tissues. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Those analyses showed that, in TNBC, levels of C16:0-ceramide are positively correlated with the proportion CD8+ TIL and negatively correlated with that of FoxP3+ Treg TIL. In order to evaluate the potential influence of SL on the topology of infiltrating lymphocytes (intratumoural versus adjacent), we compared the SL levels in tumors depicting high or low proportions of intratumoral CD8+ T cells. We observed higher levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in low infiltrated intratumoral CD8+ T cells. Our observations suggest that C16:0-ceramide production could favor CD8+ T cell recruitment in TNBC, whereas S1P could act as an immune escape factor, negatively impacting on CD8+ TIL topology in mammary tumours. Our whole work indicates that a set of specific SL could constitute original biomarkers in TNBC. Moreover, reprogramming SL metabolism could improve (i) the infiltration of tumours by lymphocytes, both in terms of quality and quantity, and (ii) possibly, the efficacy of immunotherapy in breast cancer
Ben, Djemaa Sanaa. „Nanovectorisation de siRNA pour le traitement du cancer du sein triple négatif“. Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR3801.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to improve the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), the objectives of this work are: 1) to optimize the formulation of a siRNA nanovector (CS-MSN) functionalized by a cell penetrating peptide to increase its transfection efficiency and to obtain features compatible with a systemic administration, ii) to investigate its internalization mechanisms and pathways and its intracellular trafficking and iii) to validate its efficiency on a TNBC cell model. The optimization of CS-MSN formulation resulted in a nanovector with a size of about 170 nm with a slightly positive surface charge. CS-MSN showed an ability to protect siRNA against degradation in the presence of serum without remarkable cell toxicity. The entry of CS-MSN in cells is enhanced by the presence of the membranotropic peptide gH625 on their surface and involves a clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathway. CS-MSN showed an ability to escape degradation in endo-lysosomal vesicles, facilitated by the gH625 peptide. This endosomal escape results in 73% of inhibition of the GFP protein expression and a significant reduction of Bcl-xL mRNA and protein
Doyen, Jérôme. „Rôle des protéines de régulation du pH intracellulaire et du métabolisme énergétique dans les carcinomes du sein triple négatif“. Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4147/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAgressive cancers often harbor an exacerbated glycolytic metabolism with overexpression of proteins that maintain intracellular pH by extruding metabolic acid waste (via CAIX, CAXII, MCT1 and MCT4 among others). The "triple-negative" breast cancers (with no expression of estrogen, progesteron and Her-2 receptors) have an increased consumption of glucose and worse prognosis in comparison with other breast cancers. Immunohistochemical analysis of glycolytic proteins among 159 patients with TNEG breast cancer, showed that MCT4 was predictive for metastasis and death occurence. In vitro targeting of MCT4 by Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN) technique demonstrated an anti-proliferative effect. However, the maximal anti-proliferative effect was observed with the combination of MCT4/MCT1 (by pharmacological inhibition) and mitochondrial respiration by phenformine in the Hs578t TNEG cell line. This study demonstrated that targeting glycolytic protein could have a therapeutic effect in TNEG breast cancers. Another study also use targeting of glycolytic protein such as CAIX and CAXII to increase in vitro and in vivo radiosensitivity of colorectal cell lines while demonstrating an original mechanism of radiosensitization by increasing intracellular acidosis. Finally we demonstrated that the hypoxamiR miR210 was involved in the radioresistance of lung cancer cell line with a stronger impact than the oxygen effect
Um, Nlend Ingrid. „Analyse computationnelle des protéines kinases surexprimées dans le cancer du sein «Triple-négatif»“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5386.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBejjani, Fabienne. „Mécanismes transcriptionnels gouvernés par Fra-1 dans le cancer du sein triple négatif“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe AP-1 transcription complex is a ubiquitous family of dimeric transcription factors. Its best-studied components are the members of the Fos and Jun multigene families. The mechanisms whereby AP-1 exerts its transcriptional actions are still ill-understood due to the wide number of possible AP-1 dimers and the exquisitely regulated abundance and activity of its constituents, that all depend on the cell types and physiopathological contexts. Moreover, technical limitations have long given the impression that AP-1 mostly operates in the vicinity of gene promoters. Fra-1 is the Fos family protein that is most often implicated in epithelial cancers. In particular, it is overexpressed in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) where it contributes to tumorigenesis and tumor aggressiveness through pleiotropic effects. Based on this, the aim of my thesis was to gain a more comprehensive view of Fra-1 transcriptional actions at the genome-wide level in the MDA-MB-231 reference TNBC cell line, . To this aim, I have combined transcriptomic data with ChIP-seq and NG-Capture C (high resolution, high throughput 3C-derived technique) data. I have also included in my studies its Fos family kin Fra-2, as it displays the same DNA binding specificity and is also expressed in TNBCs, albeit at a much lower level, where it also contributes to the tumor phenotype. Consistently with their pleiotropic effects, Fra-1 and Fra-2 were found to up- or down-regulate either individually, together or redundantly many genes associated with a wide range of biological processes. Interestingly, the regulation of target genes is rarely due to Fra-1 and Fra-2 binding at gene promoters, but involves their binding to distal enhancers. My NG-Capture C results imply the presence of long-range chromatin interactions in Fra-1 modes of action, as well as enhancer hubs containing Fra-1- and non-Fra-1-binding enhancers. No evidence for a role for Fra-1 in the control of chromatin looping was however found using a panel of 35 Fra-1-regulated genes. Moreover, I have addressed the mechanisms of transcriptional repression mediated by Fra-1, as these have practically never been studied, using two model genes, TGFB2 and SMAD6. These studies underlined different mechanisms employed by Fra-1 for the repression of these genes, embodying the complexity of Fra-1 transcriptional regulation mechanisms
Rousseau, Caroline. „Cancer du sein triple négatif : ciblage du Syndecan-1 pour la radioimmunothérapie et l'immunoTEP“. Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=7eec5118-11ae-4e7f-a439-7d8f081c406f.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of the first part of this research was to evaluate the toxicity and the efficiency of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with a monoclonal human anti-body B-B4 (anti-CD138) labelled with iodine 131 in a nude mouse model grafted with a human line of triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-468. Despite the relatively low expression of the number of CD138 antigen sites per cell (Bmax=1,19. 104±9,27. 102), the tumoral attachment of 125I-B-B4 reached a maximum of 14% of activity injected per gram, 24 hours after the injection. Toxicity with 131I-B-B4 was haematological. With the maximum tolerated dose determined to be 22. 2 MBq, three partial and five complete responses were obtained on eight treated mice, with an absence of relapse at 95 days for three of them. RIT with 131I-B-B4 would therefore appear to be an alternative therapy for triple-negative metastatic breast cancer. The objective of the second part of this research was to compare the iPET with 124I-B-B4 with FDG and FLT imaging and with pharmacokinetic and biodistribution data obtained with 124I-B-B4, in order to validate iPET targeting CD138 in the same model of triple-negative breast cancer. The pharmacokinetic data obtained from imaging or biodistribution with 124l-B-B4 was concordant. Tumor/Muscle ratios in FDG PET and FLT PET were respectively 1. 67±0. 24 and 5. 28±0. 49, lower than that calculated for iPET (12. 17±0. 62 at 96 hours). This research confirms the feasibility of the iPET approach with 124I-B-B4 for triple-negative mammary carcinomas with potential diagnostic and pre-therapeutic interests
Bouchard, Alexanne. „La protéine de stress du réticulum endoplasmique GRP94 dans le cancer du sein triple négatif, intérêt diagnostique et thérapeutique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8b1b931d-83a7-49fd-9779-012ad3949e79.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as HER2, on tumor cells. It is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and is associated with a higher risk of metastasis. It accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancers. Due to the lack of specific targets, hormone therapy and HER2-targeted drugs are ineffective. TNBC represents a subgroup of heterogeneous tumors that can be classified according to their molecular characteristics. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms, particularly those involved in modulating the immune response, is needed to optimize the management of this cancer. In this context, molecular imaging can represent an interesting tool: it enables the non-invasive identification and in vivo visualization of specific targets in the tumor or tumor microenvironment (TME), thanks to selective molecular probes that can be used for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. In this thesis work, two specific TME targets were studied using such probes: M2-like macrophages and GARP protein, a TGF-β anchoring receptor. M2-like macrophages are recognized as having a major pro-tumoral role. The results obtained enabled us to demonstrate the presence of CD206+ M2-like macrophages in our CSTN model using in vivo multimodal imaging. In this study, we validated the efficacy of 99mTc-Tilmanocept in SPECT/CT as a probe for imaging M2-like macrophages in the TME of our TNBC model. We also demonstrated co-expression of these CD206+ M2-like macrophages with the GRP94 protein, an important chaperone involved in immune responses. Finally, inhibition of GRP94 with a specific inhibitor, PU-WS13, significantly decreased the number of M2-like macrophages as well as tumor growth in our TNBC model. Thus, SPECT imaging with 99mTc-Tilmanocept could represent an innovative method for imaging CD206+ M2-like macrophages as a potential biomarker for prognosis, therapeutic prediction and/or monitoring of solid tumors. The second target studied, the GARP protein, is expressed at the membrane of Tregs and tumor cells and plays a key role in the activation of TGF-β, a major immunosuppressive cytokine in cancer development. The development of a theranostic approach targeting GARP combining imaging (111In-DOTAGA-GARP) and targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) (177Lu-DOTAGA-GARP) has been achieved. We showed in our preclinical TNBC model that GARP expression was increased after external radiotherapy, a classic therapeutic strategy, and could be specifically detected and quantified in the TME using in vivo SPECT/CT imaging with the 111In-DOTAGA-GARP probe. Moreover, its use in its therapeutic form (177Lu-DOTAGA-GARP) limited tumor growth. This theranostic strategy could enable the personalization of cancer treatments by identifying and treating patients likely to respond to therapy targeting Tregs via TRT
Leport, Catherine. „Facteurs pronostiques des cancers du sein à ganglions négatifs après chirurgie première“. Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11193.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLainé, Anne-Laure. „Vectorisation de complexes ferrocéniques par les nanocapsules lipidiques pour le traitement du cancer“. Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021165.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKishi, Masae. „Strategies of Cancer Immunotherapy : Model of Triple Negative Breast Cancer“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor progression, metastases, and late relapses. They have been identified in many cancers, such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and grade III to IV cancers. They are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and reside in an immuno-repressive niche.This study aims to evaluate a immunotherapy strategy that selectively targets CSCs in the mouse model 4T1-GFP-Luc mimicking TNBC. The phenotype / genotype of mammosphere was initially characterized. Based on genomic analysis of CSC, we have developed an active immunotherapy associated with immunomodulatory agents. We measured the size of tumors and monitored the appearance of metastases by bioluminescence. We performed an immunological study and genomic tumor analysis. The therapeutic combination causes the recruitment of CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes with increased CXCL13, the reduction of T reg cells and suppressive myeloid cells in the tumor. This induction of intra-tumor immune response leads to a decrease in tumor size and metastases.This new active immunotherapy can be used in combination with current treatments for prophylactic and curative measures in a wide variety of cancers
Kishi, Masae. „Strategies of Cancer Immunotherapy : Model of Triple Negative Breast Cancer“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor progression, metastases, and late relapses. They have been identified in many cancers, such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and grade III to IV cancers. They are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and reside in an immuno-repressive niche.This study aims to evaluate a immunotherapy strategy that selectively targets CSCs in the mouse model 4T1-GFP-Luc mimicking TNBC. The phenotype / genotype of mammosphere was initially characterized. Based on genomic analysis of CSC, we have developed an active immunotherapy associated with immunomodulatory agents. We measured the size of tumors and monitored the appearance of metastases by bioluminescence. We performed an immunological study and genomic tumor analysis. The therapeutic combination causes the recruitment of CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes with increased CXCL13, the reduction of T reg cells and suppressive myeloid cells in the tumor. This induction of intra-tumor immune response leads to a decrease in tumor size and metastases.This new active immunotherapy can be used in combination with current treatments for prophylactic and curative measures in a wide variety of cancers
Fkih, m'hamed Insaf. „Etude de l'implication des miARNs dans le cancer du sein triple négatif et la régulation de BRCA1“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF1MM19/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn sporadic triple-negative breast cancers BRCA1 is frequently inactivated at the transcriptional level, and it has been reported that this inactivation may be brought about by promoter methylation. More recently, it was found that BRCA1 may also be regulated at the post-transcriptional level by miRNAs. Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs have a causal role in tumorigenesis. Our work focused on the study of microRNAs expression and functions in vitro, in silico and ex vivo.Based on our expression profiling results, four candidate miRNAs (miR-10b, miR-26a, miR-146a and miR-153) were selected as being potentially involved in triple-negative breast cancer development. Exogenous expression assays revealed that miR-10b and miR-26a, but not miR-146a, can down-regulate the expression of BRCA1 in both triple-negative MDA-MB-231 and luminal epithelial MCF7 breast cancer-derived cells, whereas miR-153 could down-regulate BRCA1 expression only in MCF7 cells. In silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data confirmed that miR-146a is significantly higher expressed in triple-negative breast tumors compared to other (non triple-negative) breast tumors. The ex vivo study showed that the high level expression of miR-146a and miR-26 is associated with the absence of lymph node metastasis in triple negative breast cancer. Also a correlation between the expression of the 4 miRNAs was revealed, allowing the identification of different signaling pathways involved in the triple negative breast cancer.Our work provides evidence of the involvement of specific miRNAs as potential biomarkers in breast cancer triple negative development
Mabrouk, Nesrine. „Effet anti-tumoral du GTN +/- doxorubicine dans le cancer du sein triple négatif : implication du système immunitaire“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1f1d033c-28a0-48c8-a8c4-e49ea46a9f18.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBreast cancer (BC) is a highly complex, heterogeneous and multifactorial disease. Compared to other subtypes, triple negative (TNBC) represents one of the most advanced stages of the disease, and is characterized by a strong inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity and a high mutational burden, making treatments very difficult and inefficient. The absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors expression, and the absence of HER2 receptor overexpression, makes chemotherapy (example: doxorubicin), the prior treatment in patients with this type of BC. Unfortunately, the complete anatomopathological response rate, in response to these chemotherapies, rarely exceeds 50% with a long-term benefit affecting only 30 to 50% of patients. The LIIC laboratory in which I did my thesis aims to show that a donor of nitric oxide (NO), glyceryl trinitritrate (GTN), a drug used in cardiology, can improve the therapeutic efficacy of anti-cancerous chemotherapy. The aim of my thesis project was therefore to determine whether the association of GTN with doxorubicin could potentiate the antitumor activity of this chemotherapy in TNBC, and to determine the mechanism by which this combination acts by emphasizing the immune microenvironment in general, and more particularly on immunosuppressive myeloid cells, MDSCs.The results showed that the association of GTN with doxorubicin significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy of this chemotherapy, in a TNBC model induced by the injection of 4T1 breast cells. This effect is due, in part, to the ability of GTN to increase the differentiation of LTCD4 + in the anti-tumor linage Th1, to increase the intra-tumor recruitment of CD8 + / PD-1 + cells and of G-MDSCs down-expressing PD-L1. Nevertheless, the main mechanism by which GTN acts is essentially based on its ability to reprogram, in the presence of ROS, these G-MDSCs towards a less immunosuppressive phenotype. Indeed, the results revealed that GTN, via the S-nitrosylation of STAT5, was able to modulate the lipid metabolism of these cells, which is dependent on the protein FATP2 (Fatty Acid Transport Protein 2). Thus, a decrease in FATP2, as well as all the upstream (STAT5) and downstream (PGE2) components of this signaling pathway was observed in response to GTN +/- doxorubicin. All of these effects were inhibited in the presence of an ROS inhibitor, the N-acetyl cysteines (NAC). NAC also significantly delayed tumor progression when used in combination with doxorubicin / GTN.This work, based on the use of two molecules commonly used in the clinic, undoubtedly opens up a new treatment perspective for patients with TNBC and this combination can quickly be offered to clinicians
Naylor, Peter. „Du phénotypage cellulaire à la classification de lames digitales : Une application au traitement du cancer du sein triple-négatif“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe rise of digital pathology and with it the challenges of histopathology analysis have been the focus of a worldwide effort in the overall fight against cancer. In parallel, the recent success of automated decision-making, machine learning, and specifically deep learning, have revolutionised the basis of research as we know today. In this thesis, we tackle the prediction of treatment response in triple-negative breast cancer patients with two different approaches that reach similar outcomes. The first line of approach, based on the recent success of computer vision, extracts learned features from the data in order to perform classification. The second line of approach forces the information flow to pass through nuclei segmentation. In particular, it allows the incorporation of high-resolution information on to a lower resolution overview. Yet while this approach is more appealing as it is based on the analysis and quantification of a precise biological element, nuclei segmentation is troublesome. While solving the task of nuclei segmentation with deep learning, we propose a new formulation for nuclei segmentation which excels at separating touching objects
Lo, Monaco Piero. „La biogénèse des ribosomes comme cible thérapeutique dans le cancer du sein“. Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBreast cancer is classified into several subtypes with varying clinical features. In particular, the so-called triple negative subtype is associated with a poor prognosis and a higher probability of recurrence. This is mainly due to the lack of specific targeted therapies. It is then necessary to identify new therapeutic targets in order to develop new drugs. Ribosome biogenesis is altered in most cancers due to the deregulation of the main oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways, which regulate the activity of RNA Polymerase I, the enzyme responsible for ribosomal RNA transcription. Inhibition of ribosome biogenesis has been validated as a therapeutic tool, on the basis of three compounds that inhibit RNA Polymerase I activity (CX-5461, CX-3543 and BMH-21) that target cancer cells versus healthy cells. Their anti-cancer activity has been reported in several cancers, but the potential benefit of targeting ribosome biogenesis in certain types of breast cancer, including triple negative breast cancer, has not been evaluated yet. Although very little is known about ribosome biogenesis in triple negative breast cancer, there is now urgent need for new therapeutic tools and the potential of inhibiting ribosome biogenesis deserves to be evaluated. In addition, ribosome biogenesis depends on many maturation factors that represent a new family of targets to be explored. Here, the targeting of Fibrillarin is proposed. This may be relevant, as fibrillarin is often overexpressed in triple negative breast cancer and is associated with poor prognosis and risk of recurrence. Several cytotoxic mechanisms have been described in various cancer models upon treatment with RNA Pol I inhibitors and the elicited response appears to be model-specific. At present, since the effect on cells is unpredictable, the characterization of such a response in study models is not unfounded, especially since triple negative breast cancer is overly heterogeneous. The two main objectives of this thesis are: 1. To investigate the sensitivity of triple negative breast cancer lines to inhibition of ribosome biogenesis by pharmacological treatment targeting RNA Polymerase I or by genetic silencing of Fibrillarin; 2. To determine the mechanisms inducing the cytotoxic effect of inhibition of ribosome biogenesis in this model. In this work, using a large panel of cancer cell lines representing four different subtypes of triple negative breast cancer, it is shown that inhibition of ribosome biogenesis by BMH-21 and CX-5461 compounds induces strong cell growth inhibition and loss of the tumorigenic phenotype in vitro. In accordance with the heterogeneity of the model, triple negative cell lines have a wide range of sensitivity, but without association with subtypes according to common classification systems. Regarding induced cellular responses, an interesting phenomenon was observed: although BMH-21 causes apoptosis, no evidence of apoptosis was observed during treatment with CX-5461. In addition, it is demonstrated that inhibition of ribosome biogenesis downstream of RNA Polymerase I, by targeting Fibrillarin, also induces strong inhibition of cell growth, associated with an apoptotic response. Overall, these results suggest that inhibition of ribosome biogenesis could be a promising therapeutic strategy for triple negative breast cancer and validate Fibrillarin and ribosome RNA maturation as a new attractive therapeutic target
Ahmad, Fahmida. „Modelling heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer in mice to uncover and target signaling essentiality“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0225.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive, heterogeneous breast cancer subtype, and has currently no effective treatment. The aim of my PhD project was to understand the mechanisms triggering TNBC and to develop new therapeutic approaches.In our lab, we have generated a unique mouse model (MMTV-R26Met mice) in which a subtle increase in the expression levels of the wild-type MET receptor tyrosine kinase leads to spontaneous, exclusive TNBC formation. This model recapitulates formation of lung metastasis, resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents and to a set of combined targeted molecular therapies.Proteomic profiling of MMTV-R26Met tumors and machine learning approach showed that the MMTV-R26Met model largely recapitulates TNBC heterogeneity observed in TNBC patients. We identified two new drug combinations highly deleterious for the MMTV-R26Met tumor-derived cell lines, and a panel of human TNBC cells. The first drug combination targets the anti-apoptotic factor BCL-XL and CDK1/2 (cell cycle regulators). The second drug combination, validated by in vivo studies, is based on a combinatorial targeting of BCL-XL and of WEE1 (cell cycle and epigenetic regulator). Mechanistically, we show that combined inhibition of WEE1 and BCL-XL leads to DNA damage, premature entry into mitosis, resulting in mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis.Our findings may be highly relevant for their potential translation to the clinic, also in view of promising studies of monotherapy with BCL-XL and WEE1 inhibitors in phase II clinical trials
M'Rabet, Manel. „Identification d'un nouveau biomarqueur, facteur pronostic et cible dans le cancer du sein triple négatif & développement préclinique d'une thérapie ciblée sur l'utilisation d'anticorps monoclonaux conjugués“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0204.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNectin-4 has been identified as a breast and ovarian biomarker at CRCM. Nectin-4 is a celladhesion molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is involved in ectodermaldevelopment in human. Nectin-4 has been recently identified as the epithelial receptor for themeasles virus. Together, this work has been rewarded by Inserm in 2012 (Prix del’Innovation). During my thesis, I have characterized nectin-4 as new prognosis biomarker andtherapeutic target in 63% of triple-negatif breast cancer (TNBC) . TNBCs represent 20% ofbreast cancer and are associated with poor prognosis as there is no exisiting targeted therapy.These results open the possibility for Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC)-based targetedtreatment of primary and advanced TNBCs similar to trastuzumab-emtansine for HER2-positive breast cancers. We selected and validated a monoclonal antibody against nectin-4ectodomain and developed an ADC conjugated to monomethyl auristatin-E (MMAE). Weassessed the therapeutic efficiency of this ADC in vitro and in vivo in localised and metastaticTNBC Patient derived Xenografts (PDXs). In vivo, this ADC induced rapid, complete anddurable responses on nectin-4-positive xenograft TNBC samples including primary tumours,metastatic lesions, and local relapses. This antibody has been humanized, patented and iscurrently under clinical development by a pharmaceutical company testing toxicity and efficacyin cynomolgus monkeys
Geoffroy, Marine. „Rôle de la claudine 1 dans les cellules cancéreuses mammaires triple-négatives et son implication dans les effets anticancéreux de dérivés de la troglitazone“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0056/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA major challenge in oncology is the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (ER-, PR-, HER2-) as no targeted therapy are available. These tumors present often a chemotherapy resistance and a higher relapse incidence. 78% of them do not express claudin 1 and display a poor prognosis. Claudin 1 is involved in cell-cell adhesion and may be a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. In this context, we study if claudin 1 re-expression could be a possible approach. In the laboratory, we developed derivatives thaziolidinediones (TZD) compounds, which increase claudin 1 expression and lead to apoptosis of breast cancer cells. The goals of my thesis is 1) to characterize the involvement of claudin 1 in their pro-apoptotic effect 2) to study their mechanism of action 3) to determine if claudin 1 could sensitize the TNBC cells to the chemotherapy agents. During my thesis, we showed that claudin 1 overexpression and the compound Δ2-TGZ induce apoptosis of TNBC « claudin 1-low » MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells. Claudin 1 is involved in the pro-apoptotic effect of Δ2-TGZ in MDA-MB-231 cells. Then, we demonstrated that Δ2-TGZ and AB186 lead to early action through a modification of cell morphology followed an expression of claudin 1 at the membrane and an inhibition of cell migration before the apoptosis process. In addition, claudin 1 overexpression decreases the cell migration through the loss of stress fibers and the formation of cell junctions. We showed that claudin 1 overexpression potentialize the pro-apoptotic effect of Δ2-TGZ in MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, we observed that claudin 1 sensitize the MDA-MB-231 cells to 5-FU. In fine, our data allowed a better understanding of Δ2-TGZ and AB186 mechanism of action and identification of claudin 1 as a promising target in TNBC « claudin 1-low »
Ouelaa-Benslama, Radia. „Mécanismes de la Transition Epithélio-Mésenchymateuse induite dans les Cellules MCF-7 du Cancer du Sein : dominance des voies de signalisation des GalphaGbetagamma , AKT et PKCalpha“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers an aggressive subtype to breast cancers (BC) following disruption of intercellular junctions, epithelial cell polarity, induction of mesenchymal traits, invasive growth and chemotherapy resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying the EMT and its associated signaling dysfunctions in BC are still poorly understood. Here, we have undertaken a comparative study in two genetic models of MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced to EMT by WISP-2 silencing and Snail transformation.We report that the E-cadherin repressors Slug, Zeb1/2 and Twist were overexpressed in these EMT cells. They induced a triple negative phenotype (loss of estrogen ERα and progesterone PRA/PRB receptors, no HER2 amplification), combined with loss of the GPR30 ER and promotion of invasive growth in collagen gels. Ectopic Snail expression suppressed WISP-2 transcripts and down-regulated WISP-2 gene promoter expression in transfected cells. The EMT caused dominance of several proinvasive pathways including GαGβγ subunits, PKCα, AKT and c-Jun induction, coupled with growth responses (more cells at S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle), in line with inhibition of the p27kip1/cyclin-dependent kinase CDK3 cascade. RNA interference or selective inhibitors targeting GαGβγ subunits (BIM-46187, gallein), PKCα (Gö6976, MT477, sh-RNAs) and PI3K-AKT (wortmannin) alleviated the invasive phenotype. In contrast, MCF-7 cells in EMT showed signalingindependence to inhibitors of HER family tyrosine kinases and the mitogen- and stressactivated protein kinases. Our study suggests that the signaling protagonists GαGβγ, PKCα and PI3K-AKT are promising candidates as predictive molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of clinical BC in EMT
Batnini, Kalil. „Rôles de la protéine E4F1 dans le contrôle de la réponse aux dommages de l’ADN dans le cancer du sein triple négatif“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe E4F1 protein discovered as the cellular target of the adenoviral oncoprotein E1A is a ubiquitous protein acting both as a transcription factor and as an atypical E3-ligase. E4F1 protein also interacts directly with several cellular tumor suppressors and oncoproteins, suggesting its involvement in tumorigenesis. Previous laboratory work on the cellular functions of E4F1 in cancer cells has shown that its depletion leads to massive cell death in transformed Mefs deficient in p53. In addition, E4F1 directly controls the expression of 38 genes, including genes involved in cell metabolism and cell cycle checkpoints/DNA Damage Response (DDR), such as Chek1 that encodes a major component of the ATR/ATM checkpoint. Consistent with this role of E4F1 in cancer cell survival in mice, patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with high E4F1 expression exhibit a poorer relapse free survival (RFS).We therefore aimed to study for the first time the transcriptional program of E4F1 in human cells and explore its role in the survival of TNBC cells, with particular focus on its role in the response to chemotherapy agents.Transcriptomes (RNAseq) of SUM159 TNBC cells show, when E4F1 is depleted, a decrease in expression of 147 out of 276 DDR-associated genes. The combination of RNAseq and ChIPseq shows that E4F1 directly regulates 57 genes in human TNBC cells. Among these genes, E4F1 itself, CHEK1, but also TTI2 and PPP5C coding for post-transcriptional regulators of the ATM/ATR-CHK1 axis, and thus defining an ATM/ATR-CHK1 "regulon", undescribed and E4F1-dependent. TTI2 composes with TELO2 and TTI1, the TTT complex required for the correct folding and stability of PIKK family proteins, such as ATR and ATM. PPP5C phosphatase is involved in the activation of ATR-CHK1 signaling. Importantly, we show that E4F1 binds to and probably regulates these three genes in vivo in Patient Derived TNBC Xenografts (PDTX). In both SUM159 cells and PDTX, the recruitment of E4F1 on these genes is increased upon Gemcitabine treatment, a chemotherapy agent that impairs DNA replication. Surprisingly, we found that E4F1 also indirectly controls the expression of TELO2, a second member of the TTT complex. Consequently, in TNBC cells depleted of E4F1, the protein levels of CHK1, TTI2, TELO2 but also ATM/ATR kinases, are significantly decreased, leading to DDR deficiency. Thus, SUM159 cells depleted of E4F1 fail to stop in phase S during Gemcitabine treatment and are highly sensitized to this chemotherapy agent, as well as other DNA damaging agents such as Cisplatin. Altogether, my thesis results demonstrate that the ATM/ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway, and the response to stress / DNA damage are tightly controlled at the transcription and post-transcription levels by E4F1. E4F1 therefore appears to be a central actor in the cellular survival of TNBC cells, particularly when exposed to DNA-damaging agents or chemotherapy agents. Thus, E4F1 could represent a prognostic marker for chemotherapy response and a potential therapeutic target
Spasojevic, Caroline. „Validation de la protéine Kinase D1 comme facteur pronostique et cible thérapeutique dans le cancer du sein triple négatif et analyse de son rôle dans le maintien du phénotype mésenchymateux dans le mélanome“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS404/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePKD1 is a serine-threonine kinase encoded by the PRKD1 gene. It belongs to the protein kinase D (PKD) family. The PKD family also includes PKD2 and PKD3 which share a high structural similarity with PKD1. Some studies suggest that PKD1 is involved in many oncogenic pathways such as MAPK, NF-κB, HDAC... Recent data from our group showed that PKD1 is more expressed in melanoma cell lines with mesenchymal phenotype compared to melanoma cell lines with epithelial phenotype. We also showed that PKD1 participates in the development and/or maintenance of the estrogen-independent phenotype in breast cancer, and that high PKD1 mRNA levels were associated with a worse outcome in tamoxifen-treated tumors. The objective of my thesis is to analyze the role of PKD1 in the maintenance of mesenchymal phenotype in melanoma and to determine whether PKD1 could be a prognostic factor and/or a therapeutical target for the treatment of breast cancer subpopulations. We analyzed molecular markers involved in mesenchymal and epithelial phenotype (cadherin, β-catenin …) and the functional characteristics of mesenchymal melanoma cells after PKD1 pharmacological inhibition. Results suggest that PKD1 inhibition induced a mesenchymal to epithelial like transition in these melanoma mesenchymal cell lines. In addition, the expression of PRKD1, PRKD2 and PRKD3 was analyzed by RT-qPCR in 527 breast cancers. We showed that higher PRKD1 mRNA levels were associated with a lower metastasis-free survival in the overall breast cancer population. PRKD1 prognostic value was even stronger in ERα- and in triple negative tumors. Then, we tested PKD1 inhibitors in collaboration with the AB Science pharmaceutical company. We assessed the anti-tumoral activity of PKD1 inhibitors in vitro in TNBC (triple negative breast cancer) cell lines and in vivo in a TNBC PDX (patient derivated xenograft) model. PKD1 pharmacological inhibition or depletion by siRNA reduced colony forming units in MDA-MB-436 TNBC cells. PKD1 pharmacological inhibition also reduced tumor growth in vivo in TNBC PDX model. Following those results, we analyzed PRKD1 expression in different multi-cancer cohorts. Our results showed that higher PRKD1 expression is found in melanoma and glioblastoma. In conclusion, results showed that PKD1 could participate in the maintenance of mesenchymal phenotype in melanoma. And that PKD1 could be an interesting therapeutic target in melanoma, breast cancer and glioblastoma
Nunes, Toni. „Étude pharmacologique préclinique de nanoparticules d’or multimodales dans le cancer du sein HER2 résistant au Trastuzumab“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCD053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer is a challenging practice in oncology when it develops resistance to anti-HER2 therapies such as trastuzumab. Gold nanoparticles can be stimulated by near-infrared irradiation to induce ultra-focal hyperthermia. In this context, multimodal gold nanoshells conjugated to an anti-HER2 antibody were specially designed for photothermal therapy to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. When gold nanoshells were administered in trastuzumab-resistant HER2-tumor xenografts, no toxicity was observed. In addition, a detailed pharmacokinetic study demonstrated their accumulation in tumors up to 72 hours after administration. These results enabled us to set an effective photothermal treatment protocol by irradiating the mice when the anti-HER2 gold nanoshells accumulated the most in xenografted tumors. In addition, a weekly series of repeated administrations and irradiations for four weeks with a femtosecond-pulsed laser significantly inhibited tumor growth. Then, histological analyzes of tissues showed that this inhibition was due to a direct effect of photothermal therapy on tumor cells, with induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation which is consistent with the immune-mediated targeting of tumor cells by anti-HER2 nanoshells. Anti-angiogenic effect was also observed, consistent with a distribution of the gold nanoshells in tumor microvessels. This preclinical study thus supports the use of anti-HER2 gold nanoshells and photothermal therapy to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer
Bouchard, Gina. „Prévention de la migration radio-induite des cellules cancéreuses du sein“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9618.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHouhou, Mona. „Caractérisation de sous-populations enrichies en cellules souches cancéreuses et rôle des régulateurs de la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse dans la plasticité tumorale dans le cancer du sein de type basal“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt is now accepted that breast cancer is a compendium of several diseases defined as subtypesthat are associated with different clinical outcomes and molecular characteristics. A betterunderstanding of the mechanisms underlying breast cancer heterogeneity is critical to the development of better adjusted therapies. One of the keys to breast cancer heterogeneity may be explained by cancer stem cells (CSC). A number of markers have been proposed to isolate and characterize breast cancer stem cells, but none appears totally satisfactory.The purpose of my work was determine a marker or combination of markers with which CSC enriched fractions could be reproducibly isolated in basal like breast cancer (BLBC). BLBC represent 15% of all breast tumors, but are the most aggressive subtype. To this aim, I have analyzed a number of markers by FACS analysis and cell sorting and used the capacity to form mammospheres (MS) as a validation criterion for the presence of CSCs. The cell lines used as models were SUM 159, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, HCC1143, MDA-MB-468, Hs578T and BT-549 comprising both Basal A and Basal B models. I also tested three luminal models MCF7, T47D and BT474.Of all the markers tested those that most consistently allowed enrichment of CSCs were the combination of cell surface proteins CD44/CD24/EpCAM and elevated ALDH enzyme activity. However, ALDH activity appeared irregular, ranging from good to inconsistent according to the cell line. Other cell surface markers gave mixed results in ER- breast cancer because the elevated fraction of CD44+ cells found in most of basal breast cancer cell lines and their propensity to show rather homogenous FACS labeling patterns. However, the association of CD44 positivity with EMT and stemness, as well as the good correlation, we observed in luminal models, of CD44+/CD24- cell population with CSC enrichment incited us to determine whether the level of expression of CD44 could make a difference in basal like models. I show that CD44high cells present higher capacity to form MS in all cell line models tested. This prompted us to use CD44high vs. CD44low as a cell sorting criterion and use these fractions to perform transcriptome analysis in order to identify other markers yet not determined, that may point to smaller cell fractions with a higher CSC enrichment
Gaudeau, Albane. „Conversion du cancer du sein triple-négatif par la modulation épigénétique Cell-Based siRNA Screens Highlight Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Epigenetic Vulnerability True Value of RNAi Screens Beyond On-Target Effects Du criblage à haut contenu à la déconvolution de cibles : nouvelle donne pour les approches phénotypiques“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResearch presented in this thesis manuscript is the result of a fruitful collaboration between my host company, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, my host laboratory, BioPhenics Laboratory at Institut Curie, and I, preparing my PhD at the doctoral school CBMS at Université Paris-Saclay. International partnerships also led to the generation of numerous data towards the same purpose: identifying novel therapeutic targets in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. TNBC is a breast cancer subtype characterized by its ER(Estrogen receptor)-, PR(Progesterone receptor)- and HER2(Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)-negative phenotype, affecting almost 20% of breast cancer diagnosed women. In the absence of these receptors, patients cannot respond neither to hormone therapy nor anti-HER2 targeted therapies. While TNBC is enriched in cancer-stem cells (CSC) and epigenetic deregulations were identified in TNBC CSC signaling pathways, we supposed that epigenetic mechanisms could be modulated to result in two phenotypes : an impact on TNBC cell viability, and an impact on HER2 expression in order to sensitize cells to existing anti-HER2 therapies. To investigate these hypotheses, we performed siRNA functional genomics screening targeting 863 epigenetic modulators through high-throughput and high-content approaches. Although using siRNA represents a powerful approach, the risk of off-target effects is important. In order to reinforce on-target hits discovery and to prevent the identification of non-specific hits, various strategies were used for the two studies. While the identification of genes involved in HER2 expression is currently in progress, we identified 3 key genes for TNBC cell viability, including CHAF1A for which the role in TNBC cell viability was never revealed. Also, following bioinformatic analyses performed from viability data, off-target effects were considered as sources of potential hits, highlighting the potential of a new functional genomics screening approach
Nait, Eldjoudi Amina. „Unraveling escape and metastasis mechanisms in triple negative breast cancer following chemotherapy treatment“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype, primarily treated with chemotherapy. However, approximately 50% of patients experience relapse with metastasis within 3 to 5 years post-treatment. To gain insight into the post-chemotherapy escape and metastasis formation of TNBC cancer cells, we established TNBC cell models by treating SUM159-PT and MDA-MB-231 cells with epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel. simulating clinical protocols. We initially focused on the mitochondrial adaptation of these chemo-persistent cells. MDA-MB-231 cells showed reduced chemosensitivity, associated with increased oxidative phosphorylation and altered tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. In contrast, SUM159-PT cells retained sensitivity. Targeting mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism with UK-5099 re-sensitized persistent cells to therapeutic agents, suggesting a potential strategy to overcome mitochondrial adaptation. Persistent cells exhibited increased migration, invasion, survival in suspension culture, with SUM159-PT cells displaying increased adhesion to endothelial cells. In vivo xenograft studies confirmed these observations, emphasizing increased cell growth and metastatic colonization in vital organs, particularly the brain. The enhanced trophism for brain could be explained by the fact that persistent TNBC cells exhibited increased abilities to transmigrate through BBB, to invade the brain parenchyma and to grow in a brain-like 3D matrix. In a second phase of our study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms facilitating brain metastasis of these persistent cells. proteomic analysis identified upregulated proteins, notably COL1A1, frequently elevated in TNBC patients. Increased COL1A1 correlated with poor prognosis and enhanced metastasis. Inhibition of COL1A1 reduced metastatic potential both in vitro and in vivo, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in preventing brain metastasis post chemotherapy treatment.Collectively, these findings provide insight into the adaptive mechanisms employed by cancer cells in response to chemotherapy, and suggest that targeting mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism may help to overcome the mitochondrial adaptations in TNBC cells. Furthermore, our data illuminate how combined and sequential chemotherapy may increase the metastatic potential of TNBC cells, particularly towards the brain. We have pinpointed COL1A1 as a key factor promoting various stages of brain metastasis formation in chemotherapy-resistant TNBC cells. Additional research is required to elucidate the detailed mechanisms behind COL1A1 overexpression.Using the identical drug regimen, we implemented a short, combined, and sequential treatment to replicate initial proteomic alterations in extracellular vesicles released by persistent TNBC cells. This approach also explored the impact of chemotherapy on angiocrine factors from endothelial cells, suggesting the role of the chemo-induced secretome in evading treatment and facilitating metastasis post-chemotherapy. Although this aspect of our study is currently in its early phases, the findings underscore the necessity for further experimental validation
Delorme, Solène. „Annexine A1 : dissémination et microenvironnement tumoral“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnexine A1 (ANXA1) belongs to the annexin superfamily, which includes proteins capable of binding membrane phospholipids in a calcium dependent manner. This is a multifunctional protein initially described for its anti-inflammatory properties. ANXA1 can be nuclear, cytosolic, membrane and it can also be secreted and cleaved in surrounding environment. It presents a real interest in oncology due to its deregulation in many cancers. Depending on cancer types, ANXA1 is up- or down-regulated compared to normal tissues. It is overexpressed in triple negative breast cancer relative to other subtypes of breast tumors and in melanoma compared to melanocytes. In both pathologies, ANXA1 is associated with proliferation, migration and invasion processes, but the exact mechanism of its roles in tumors still unknown, especially those mediated by extracellular fraction. Studies carried out with Anxa1 null mice have shown the ANXA1 from stromal cells implication in tumor development and progression.The first objective of this work was to test the opportunity to block extracellular ANXA1 with a monoclonal patented antibody, VJ4B6, to decrease migration (in vitro) and dissemination (in vivo). Our results showed that VJ4B6 was unable to limit cellular migration of triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231-luc) and melanoma (SK-MEL-28 and A375-MA2) cell lines presenting extracellular ANXA1. This antibody was also unable to decrease tumor development and dissemination of B16Bl6 melanoma in vivo. The second objective was to study the role of ANXA1 from tumoral and stromal cells in melanoma development and dissemination. Our results highlighted involvement of tumoral ANXA1 in proliferation of A375-MA2 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells in vitro. The use of Anxa1 null mice allowed to reveal that stromal ANXA1 promotes tumor development and metastases formation of murine B16Bl6 cells in vivo. Interestingly, studies of tumors showed that stromal ANXA1 absence limits both proliferation of tumor cells and angiogenesis. This could explain the decreased progression of tumors in Anxa1 null mice. Furthermore, tumors developed in these mice presented overexpression of lymphocyte markers (CD3, CD4, FoxP3, CD8a, NKp46) compared to those developed in wild-type mice. This lymphocyte influx concerned both pro- and anti-tumoral lymphocytes. Our hypothesis is that lymphocyte influx is a result of increased tumor vessels permeability in tumors from Anxa1 null mice
Hassanein, Mohamed. „Facteurs prédictifs de mutation germinale BRCA1 dans le cancer du sein héréditaire“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20714.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFamily structure, lack of reliable information, cost and delay are usual concerns faced with when deciding to perform BRCA analyses. Testing the breast cancer tissues with four antibodies (MS110, lys27H3, Vimentin, KI67) in addition to grade evaluation enabled to rapidly select patients to carry out genetic testing identification. We constituted an initial breast cancer tissue micro-array, considered as a learning set comprising 27 BRCA1 and 81 sporadic tumours. A second independent validation set of 28 BRCA1 tumours was matched to 28 sporadic tumours using the same original conditions.We have investigated morphological parameters and 21 markers by immunohistochemistry.A logistic regression model was used to select the minimal number of markers providing the best model to predict BRCA1 status. The model was applied to the validation set to estimate specificity and sensibility.In the initial set, the univariate analysis identified 11 markers significantly associated with BRCA1 status. Then the best multivariate model comprised only Grade 3, MS110, Lys27H3, Vimentin and KI67. When applied to the validation set, BRCA1 tumours were correctly classified with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 81%. The performance of this model was superior when compared to other profiles.This work offers a new rapid and economic method for the pre-screening of patients at high risk of being BRCA1mutation carriers, then to guide genetic testing, and finally to provide appropriate preventive measure, advices and treatments including targeted therapy to patients and their families
Coussy, Florence. „Identification de nouvelles thérapeutiques ciblées dans le cancer du sein à l’aide d’un large panel de tumeurs humaines xénogreffées“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS560.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10-15% of breast cancers. Its prognosis is worse, particularly due to the rarity of targeted therapies adapted to this subtype. Its complexity of management is directly related to its high heterogeneity, both at the morphological and genomical levels.In this context, we developed Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) models from TNBC. This robust model has the specificity of retaining the characteristics (histological, genotypic but also phenotypic) of the tumors observed in patients.In our cohort of 61 PDXs of TNBC, we confirmed the anatomopathological and genomical heterogeneity of this subtype. Majority of targeted alterations are of low frequency (<10%) but 88% of our models harbour a potential targetable alteration and more than half have at least 2 targetable alterations. We were particularly interested in 2 subtypes of TNBC: (i) the LAR subtype for which we have described the first PDX models: these models present frequent alterations of the PI3K pathway as well as major responses to PI3K inhibitors; (ii) the metaplastic subtype, of which 4 of our 9 models show double alterations in the PI3K and RTK-MAPK pathways and complete and durable responses to the combination of PI3K-MAPK inhibitors.In the other CSTN subtypes, we have also demonstrated significant response rates to PI3K and MAPK inhibitors. Biomarkers of response to these various targeted therapies tested are being studied, in particular by integrating the genomic and protein data from a higher number of PDX models