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Agrawal, Swati, Vrinda Saxena, Swapnil Jain, Vijayta Sharva, Shibani Sarangi und Chandrahas Thakur. „Early detection and prevention of oral cancer: an appraisal“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, Nr. 1 (25.12.2019): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195883.
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Oral cancers (OC) represent the majority of head and neck cancers with more than half million patients being affected each year worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth commonest cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 4% of all cancers. Therefore, an improvement in the prevention and control of oral cancer is of critical importance. This may be achieved by reducing the risk through avoidance of tobacco and alcohol, recognizing and treating premalignant lesions and detecting developed OC at an early stage. Data search for the present review was done electronically. Electronic search was conducted using databases such as Pubmed and Medline, Cochrane library, articles published in peer-reviewed journals, text books, grey literature and from sites of World Health Organization, Centre For Diseases Control Report, Global Adult Tobacco Survey and Global Youth Tobacco Survey reports. This review ruled out web of causation and web of prevention including early detection and prevention to be an ideal strategy to reduce the prevalence of oral cancer and its impact on quality of life. Screening and early detection in population at risk have been proposed to decrease both morbidity and mortality associated with the oral cancer.
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Schrijvers, D., L. Dirix, A. Prové und A. Van Oosteron. „Experience with prevention of toxicity of taxotere in 1 ECTG centre“. European Journal of Cancer 29 (Januar 1993): S209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(93)91792-j.
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Ranger, G. Singh, und C. McKinley-Brown. „Aspirin utilization, compliance and prevention of colorectal cancer – A single centre perspective“. Annals of Oncology 27 (Oktober 2016): vi467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdw385.19.
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Cvijovic, Jelena, Milica Kostic-Stankovic, Goran Krstic und Ljupce Stojanovic. „Marketing communication in the area of breast and cervical cancer prevention“. Vojnosanitetski pregled 73, Nr. 6 (2016): 544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp141020132c.
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Background/Aim. Innovative marketing campaigns and promotional activities can successfully contribute to the improvement of public health by raising the level of general knowledge about health issues and benefits that the change of habits, eradication of undesirable behaviour and regular medical controls have. The focus should be on continuous marketing communication through various mass media or direct communication between medical staff and patients. The aim of this paper was to define the role that various communication channels have in the process of informing and educating the target group in case of breast and cervical cancer prevention. Methods. The survey based on polling a sample of 2,100 female patients of the Serbian Railways Medical Centre was conducted in the period October-December 2013. The questionnaire included questions about demographic characteristics, prevention habits of women, their level of information on that topic and communication channels they prefer. Results. There is a difference among respondents? awareness level about preventive measures depending on demographic and geographical criteria. The results indicate the existence of variations in frequency of performing gynaecological examinations and Pap tests depending on different age, educational and residential groups. Although the largest percentage of women stated familiarity with the way of performing breast self-examination (78%), the majority of them had never per-formed mammography or ultrasonography (67%). The greatest number of women were informed about the possibility of preventing breast and cervical cancer by posters or brochures in health institutions (71%) and mass media - television on the first place (74%), then specialized magazines about health (48%), radio (48%), web sites about health (42%), and daily newspapers (34%). The respondents consider the Ministry of Health and health institutions as the most responsible subjects for education of women about cancer prevention, while the self-initiative was given the least importance. Conclusion. Determined informing habits of the target group, their prevention habits and attitudes on the subject should be used as the basis for planning and implementation of prevention marketing campaigns that would be the most effective.
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Balasubramaniam, Devi, Kavitha Yogini Duraisamy und Sangeetha Karunanithi. „Knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer, its screening and HPV vaccination among out patients in a tertiary care institute in India“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, Nr. 10 (26.09.2019): 4437. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194508.
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Background: Cervical cancer, despite being a preventable disease, its screening and vaccination still remains poor in our country. The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge and awareness regarding cervical cancer, its risk factors, screening and HPV vaccination.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among outpatients attending gynaecology OPD in GEM hospital and Research Centre, a tertiary care centre in Tamil Nadu during the period of April 2019 to June 2019. A total of 500 women, aged 16 years and above were analyzed using a structured questionnaire with multiple choices regarding socio demographic profile, knowledge and awareness about the cervical cancer, its risk factors, screening method and HPV vaccination.Results: Only 16.6% knew that cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Indian women. Majority (74.6%) of them were married, of which 36.2% were aware of Pap smear. Of those who were aware, only one third (12.6%) had their Pap smear done. The awareness of HPV vaccination was only 25% and 3.4% of them were vaccinated. 70.2% of the study participants were willing to be vaccinated after knowing about the vaccination.Conclusions: This study serves to highlight that, the majority of women lack knowledge and awareness concerning cervical cancer and its preventive aspects. This is a major hindrance among Indian women to undergo early screening and timely prevention. Hence creating public awareness of cervical cancer and its prevention is still a priority.
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Farook, A., und Balaji Arumugam. „A retrospective analysis of cancers in a rural tertiary care centre“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, Nr. 9 (27.08.2021): 4319. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213531.
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Background: In the last couple of decades, cancer incidence has been raising heavily, probably due to our changing lifestyle, habits, and increased life expectancy. The situation is so alarming that every fourth person is having a lifetime risk of cancer.Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective study among the various cancer patients admitted in our tertiary care centre for a period of 10 years from 2011 to 2020. The data and the case sheets from the hospital records were obtained from the MRD department. The case sheets were reviewed by the investigators on the variables viz age, gender, diagnosis, cancer site, investigations and treatment aspects. The data were entered in the MS excel sheet and analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 21. The data were expressed in terms of frequencies and percentages.Results: Total cases reported were 121 of which in the year 2014 and 2015, the cancer cases reported were 32% and 26% respectively. Then again there was a peak in 2018 and 2019 with 8% and 31% with one case each in the year 2017 and 2020. High prevalence is seen with Breast cancer, which showed 60% followed by carcinoma stomach which is 18% and carcinoma rectum which is 9%. The cancers showed low prevalence, which is 1% include carcinoma prostate, carcinoma larynx, gastro intestinal stromal tumor and retro peritoneal lipo sarcoma.Conclusions: Our study revealed that the cancer cases are high and it showed increasing trend which suggests that the population based cancer registries to be made at all levels of health care to identify the time trends so that prevention measures can be implemented at the community level.
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Winarto, Hariyono, Skolastika Mitzy B., Aji Budi Widodo, Aan Kurniawan und Yudi Reza Phallaphi. „Cervical Cancer Related Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviour Among Women in Makasar District Primary Health Care Centre in 2018“. Open Public Health Journal 12, Nr. 1 (30.08.2019): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501912010337.
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Introduction: Cervical cancer is the 4th most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. Mortalities and morbidities are still increasing despite its preventability. The knowledge, attitude and behaviour of women in fighting cervical cancer are very important. Objective: This study aims to record knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of women in reproductive age regarding cervical cancer at Makasar District Primary Health Care Centre, East Jakarta in 2018 Material and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of cervical cancer were obtained using an assisted interview and recorded. The receipt of services towards cervical cancer prevention is referred to be favourable and unfavourable Results: Of the total 105 samples, the mean age was 30 years and mostly graduated from Junior High School (66.7%). More than half (59%) participants had poor knowledge about cervical cancer, but 89% of the participants had favourable attitude in receipt of services towards cervical cancer prevention. Despite the poor knowledge, 21.9% of the participants had been screened before. Conclusion: The knowledge and behaviour towards cervical cancer among women in Makasar Primary Health Care Centre are still inadequate but have favourable attitude.
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Hariprasad, Roopa, und Ravi Mehrotra. „Cancer Screening Program Using Technology Assisted Learning“. Journal of Global Oncology 2, Nr. 3_suppl (Juni 2016): 23s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.004036.
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Abstract 29 There is an estimated burden of over 1 million individuals who were diagnosed with cancer in India in 2012. The three most commonly occurring cancers in India are breast, uterine cervix and oral cancers, together accounting for one third of India’s cancer burden. All three are usually detectable at early stages, and malignancies of the oral cavity and cervix have precancerous stages that are amenable to secondary prevention. Therefore, screening and early detection of these three cancers will help to markedly reduce the cancer burden in India. The technology used in this project is the ECHO (Extension for Community Health Outcomes) model of the University of New Mexico. ECHO clinics are supported by basic, widely available teleconferencing technology. It links expert specialist teams at an academic ‘hub’ with primary care clinicians in local communities – the ‘spokes’ of the model. This pilot project is being conducted at the primary health centre (PHC) Gumballi, a tribal village in Karnataka. We are incorporating cancer screening program in the existing infrastructure and manpower in-country, using the ECHO model. The Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICPO) helps in empowering the community health workers (CHWs) at the PHC to conduct cancer screening of the population covered by the PHC. We have used two modes of training health care providers: Initial face-to-face training on cancer screening tests, allowing for hands-on training and practice of skills. ICPO staff visited Gumballi and provided 4 days of intensive training to the community health workers in screening of oral, breast and cervical cancer. Subsequently, fortnightly, ECHO clinics are being conducted to include reiteration of the training, discussing patient cases, resource sharing and expert presentations. To date, the CHWs have screened 11,342 individuals for oral, breast and cervical cancer, out of the 16,042 eligible population. The screen positives and suspicious cases are being evaluated and treated by a team of specialists from the Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, which is a tertiary care centre for cancer treatment in that region. This pilot study proves that the cancer screening is feasible at the primary health network with the existing resources which can be replicated to the larger masses and subsequently to the whole country. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No COIs from either author.
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Opoku, P. „Establishing Cancer Information Service in Ghana“. Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (01.10.2018): 128s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.48500.
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Background: African Cancer Organization (ACO) seeks to establish a Cancer Information Service (CIS) Centre in Accra, Ghana to offer information about cancer prevention to the general public and businesses. The whole idea is to promote awareness of cancer and early detection through culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate cancer information and education programs. The project will navigate people to appropriate facilities for screening, further diagnosis, management and support. This we believe will help prevent people from getting exposed to avoidable cancer risk factors and also help downstage cancers by early-detecting the disease at stages where cure is often possible, which will ultimately help avert the currently prevailing high incidence of cancers in Ghana. Aim: The goal of the project is to ensure that everyone living in Ghana who is eligible has access easy to free cancer information service. The project will establish the needed infrastructure and also build capacity of personnel required to provide cancer information service to the general public and businesses. Methodology: Trained cancer information specialists will provide a one-on-one interaction by telephone, e-mail, instant messaging, social media, in-person visit or on-site business visit. The service will be free and confidential. The project involves setting up an office, distribution of information, education and communication (IEC) materials to educate businesses and the general public about cancer, its prevention, risk factors associated with the disease, sign and symptoms of cancer, cancer diagnosis, treated, management and support systems available. ACO CIS, tailored to the socioeconomic and cultural context, is to ensure that cancer information is available to everyone who is eligible. Conclusion: There is solid evidence that making cancer information available and diagnosing it at an early stage will reduce deaths from cancer, and the success of interventions intended to detect cancer at an early stage greatly depends on cancer education and awareness and sensitivity to the needs, beliefs and unique circumstance of the target population. Although much remains to be learned about cancer, enough is now known about the causes of cancer and means of control for suitable intervention to have a significant impact. Most Africans cannot currently access curative therapies, state-of-the-art surgery or expensive cancer drugs that are the mainstay of cancer care in developed nations. At the same time between 30% and 50% of cancers are preventable, and a third of all cancers could be cured if detected early. Therefore, scaling up prevention and early diagnosis will be the most cost-effective ways of dealing with cancer. ACO is by this looking for partners with similar mandate to collaborate to establish and sustain the CIS.
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S G, Mathupriya, Ganthimathy Sekhar und Porchelvan S. „A study on the demographic features of cancer patients done in a tertiary care centre in South India“. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL2 (30.04.2020): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl2.2215.
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Cancer is a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality in today’s world. Several studies have shown that its incidence is governed by the gender and age of a person. The site and histological subtype of cancer vary between different age groups and sex. Knowledge of the demography of cancer in affected individuals will help in planning screening and prevention strategies. The present study was done to analyse the site of different cancers among various age groups and gender in patients coming to a tertiary care centre. Data of cancer patients was retrospectively analysed in terms of age, sex, site, and histopathological subtypes. The histopathological reports of all cases of cancer recorded at the histopathology laboratory of the tertiary care centre during a one year period- November 2017 to October 2018 were perused and the findings were recorded. Analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 17 to obtain the statistical significance. There were a total of 330 cases of cancer recorded during the study period. Out of these, 143 were male and 187 were female. Age group between 51 and 60 years had the maximum number of cases of cancer. Breast cancer in female and stomach cancer and oropharyngeal cancer in male were found to be more common. Among the histological subtypes, adenocarcinoma was found to be the most commonest across all ages and in both sexes.
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Sambath, Shanthadevi, und Madhumitha Chandrasekaran. „Knowledge, awareness and prevention of cervical cancer among women attending a rural based tertiary care centre, Theni, South India“. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, Nr. 2 (23.01.2018): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180180.
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Background: Cervical carcinoma is the most common genital cancer in India and a leading cause of cancer-associated deaths. Cervical cancer is both preventable and curable, yet morbidity and mortality from the disease remain high especially in developing countries. Request for cervical cancer screening is exceedingly low among women due to lack of awareness of cervical cancer and the screening methodsMethods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 200 women attending Gynaecology OPD in Government Theni Medical College Hospital, Tamil Nadu. We studied the knowledge, awareness, and attitude of patients, about cervical cancer and the screening methods in a tertiary institution. They were interviewed with predesigned questionnaire after getting informed consent.Results: Of the 200 patients surveyed, 74 (37%) had heard of cervical cancer, while 44 (22%) knew about screening, with health care providers being their most frequent source of information. Only 26 (13%) women ever had screening done and no one is aware of HPV vaccine.Conclusions: Adequate health information and counselling on cervical cancer and regular screening still need to be emphasized in developing countries so as to reverse the morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer.
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Chetia, Angchuman, und Rupali Baruah. „Tobacco and risk of oral cancer: a case control study in a tertiary care centre of Dibrugarh district“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, Nr. 6 (27.05.2020): 2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20202041.
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Background: Oral cancer is a disease of antiquity. This chronic disease is a public health problem both in developing as well as developed countries and is among the top three cancers in India. In Assam, some aspects of traditional lifestyle and dietary habits are likely to contribute to the increasing cancer trend.Methods: The hospital-based case control study was undertaken in AMCH, Dibrugarh. Study subjects included were clinically and histopathologically confirmed new cases of oral cancer attending the hospital during the period of June 2018 to May 2019 and equal number of age and sex matched controls. The total sample size including both cases and controls was 116. A predesigned pretested schedule was used for collecting data.Results: Tobacco chewing was the strongest risk factor associated with oral cancer with odds ratio of chewers 6.13 (95% CI, 2.26-16.60). Statistically significant association was seen with duration, age at start, frequency of chewing and retaining tobacco quid overnight. The risk of developing oral cancer was 3.60 times higher (95% CI of (1.45-8.93)) among smokers compared to non-smokers.Conclusions: The incidence of oral cancer is on the rise. Due to the well-established role of lifestyle factors in the development of oral cancer, they should be considered an important cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality in India, and their prevention should be an important target of public health initiatives.
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Niccolai, Linda M., Caitlin E. Hansen, Marisol Credle, Sheryl A. Ryan und Eugene D. Shapiro. „Parents' views on human papillomavirus vaccination for sexually transmissible infection prevention: a qualitative study“. Sexual Health 11, Nr. 3 (2014): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh14047.
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Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmissible infection (STI) in the United States (US) and an important cause of several cancers. Vaccines that prevent HPV infections are now recommended for routine use in adolescents but coverage remains suboptimal in the US. Because they are often promoted as cancer prevention vaccines, little is known about parents’ views on vaccination for prevention of an STI. Methods: In this qualitative study, parents and caregivers of children ages 10–18 years completed an in-depth interview. Participants (n = 38) were recruited from an urban hospital-based primary care centre serving a low-income population in the north-eastern US during May 2013–February 2014. Interviews were transcribed and coded using a thematic content approach. Results: Five major themes emerged with relevance to the topic of HPV vaccination for STI prevention: (1) low awareness of HPV as an STI; (2) favourable opinions about STI prevention messages for vaccination, including at young ages; (3) salience of sexual mode of transmission, given the unpredictability of adolescent sexual behaviour and high rates of other STIs and teen pregnancy; (4) recognition that sexual health is a topic of conversation between adolescents and health care providers; and(5) relevance of personal experience. Conclusions: Discussing STI prevention in the context of HPV vaccination appears to be well accepted by urban, low-income minority families. In addition to providing information on cancer prevention, these messages may help to raise awareness, acceptability and uptake of HPV vaccines.
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Nanjaiah, Ranjini, Roopadevi V. und Mudassir A. Khan. „Quality of life in gynaecologic cancer subjects attending a tertiary care centre“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, Nr. 5 (24.04.2017): 1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171777.
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Background: As newer treatment modalities improve survival; quality of life issues takes on increasing importance for survivors. An adequate knowledge is required for psychosocial interventions and designing programs aimed at improving the quality of life of the cancer patients. The purpose of the study is to assess quality of life among gynaecological cancer subjects and its association with duration since diagnosis, type of cancer, mode of treatment and socio-demographic variables.Methods: This is an interview based cross sectional study involving 131 patients diagnosed to have gynaecological cancer who were evaluated using WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire. The gynaecological and socio-demographic data was analysed for any significant difference in QOL scores using one-way ANOVA.Results: Social domain scored high with median score 50 ± 22.82. Environmental domain scored least with median score 28 ± 24.91. Based on domain scores it was found that only 2.3% subjects had better quality of life. Physical (55.7 ± 7.43) and psychological (57.95 ± 22.85) domain mean score was statistically significantly higher among subjects with cancer for more than 12 months. Subjects who had radiotherapy and chemotherapy scored least (44.52 ± 9.8) and subjects who had surgery and chemotherapy scored highest (59.43 ± 8.8) in physical domain.Conclusions: As cancer incidence is increasing and post treatment survival is improving among cancer patients, two factors are gaining importance. One is early detection and prevention of cancer and the other is improving quality of life of survivors. In clinical practice the QOL instruments may be used with other forms of assessment, giving valuable information that can indicate areas in which a person is most affected and help the practitioner in making the best choices in patient care.
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Egwuchim, K., und A. Nzelu. „Establishment of Structured Preventive Mobile Cancer Care in Nigeria: A Success Story“. Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (01.10.2018): 188s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.32600.
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Background and context: Mass medical mission is a nonprofit, public health charity aimed at complementing the effort of government in improving the health indices of Nigerians. Its core initiative is the National Cancer Prevention Program (NCPP), a foremost effort toward national cancer control in Nigeria. In 2007, NCPP spearheaded community-based mass cervical cancer screening in Nigeria, initially known as National Cervical Cancer Prevention Program (NCCPP). This effort has contributed to a 15% reduction of cervical cancer mortality in Nigeria, from 9659 deaths to 8240 deaths, between 2008 and 2012 (GLOBOCAN data). The improvement in cervical cancer survivorship in Nigeria was proof positive that winning the fight against cancer was possible if the effort could be scaled up. Consequently, mass medical mission escalated its advocacy drive, which was tagged the Big War Against Cancer in Nigeria. Aim: The short-term goal was to raise funds toward the provision one Mobile Cancer Centres (MCC) for each state and a Comprehensive Cancer Centre for each of the six geopolitical zones in the long-term. Strategy/Tactics: Mass medical mission initiated the establishment of a fundraising platform known as the Committee Encouraging Corporate Philanthropy (CECP-Nigeria). A private sector led initiative to promote concerted and synergistic philanthropy for the common good through public-social-private partnership. The President of Nigeria is the grand patron while the Vice President, the National Patron. Returns: Through this effort, four of the pilot set of MCC (known as PinkCruise) are now in Nigeria, one of which was donated by the Lagos State Governor. The fixed centers from which the PinkCruise operate have also been set up in four selected cities representing the four old regions of Nigeria. These mobile units are unique as they are multifunctional with state-of-the-art facilities for screening, follow-up and treatment (including mammography, endoscopy, colonoscopy, colposcopy, cryotherapy, laboratory, vaccination and surgeries for precancer and early cancer). The PinkCruise have been deployed to carry out systematic mobile health outreaches, known as Mission PinkCruise, which also have an eye-care aspect known as Mission PinkVISSION. PinkVISSION is also an initiative of mass medical mission (mmm), aimed at achieving the goals of “Vision 2020: The Right to Sight”, by incorporating preventive eye care into cancer prevention and general health promotion. The acronym, VISSION, stands for Voluntary Integrated Sight Saving Initiative Of Nigeria. Both Mission PinkCruise and Mission PinkVISSION are free of charge to the hosts and the beneficiaries. What was learned: The synergy between PinkVISSION and PinkCruise results in improved uptake, impact and cost effectiveness of both the cancer campaign and the eye campaign.
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Malhotra, Armaan Kush. „Cancer Prevention as the Key to Long Term Population Health: An Interview with Dr. Carolyn Gotay“. University of Ottawa Journal of Medicine 6, Nr. 1 (11.05.2016): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v6i1.1550.
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Dr. Carolyn Gotay is Professor and Canadian Cancer Society Chair in Cancer Primary Prevention at the University of British Columbia (UBC). Her training began at Duke University and continued with a PhD in Psychology from the University of Maryland. During her first position at the University of Calgary, she became interested in the relationship between psychology and cancer, which would become the focus of her subsequent work. Dr. Gotay has held positions at Gettysburg College, the University of Calgary, and the National Cancer Institute (U.S.) where she acted as a Health Scientist Administrator. Following these positions, she began at the University of Hawaii, where she worked as the Director of the Cancer Prevention and Control Program. Throughout these various roles, her primary prevention interests were multi-faceted; they included a focus on clinical trials investigating quality of life as well as understanding end-of-life care and the psychosocial wellbeing of patients. Dr. Gotay joined UBC in 2008 where she continued her primary prevention research through the School of Population and Public Health and the B.C. Cancer Agency. Currently, Dr. Gotay is a leader in the Cancer Prevention Centre where she and her colleagues look at modifiable cancer risk factors and the application and assessment of interventions to modify these behaviours in the population.Dre Carolyn Gotay est professeure et elle siège au sein de la Société canadienne du cancer dans le domaine de la prévention primaire du cancer à l’Université de la Colombie-Britannique. Son éducation universitaire a débuté à l’Université de Duke et elle a continué ses études doctorales en psychologie à l’Université de Maryland. Son premier poste fut à l’Université de Calgary et elle concentre ses recherches sur la relation entre la psychologie et le cancer. Dre Gotay a obtenu des postes à l’Université de Gettysburg, à l’Université de Calgary et à l’institut national du cancer (É.U.) où elle était administratrice scientifique de la santé. Par la suite, elle a travaillé à l’Université d’Hawaii, où elle a oeuvré en tant que directrice du programme de prévention et de contrôle du cancer. À travers son cheminement professionnel, Dre Gotay a étudié les soins primaires préventifs en lien avec la qualité de vie, les soins de fin de vie et le bien-être psychosocial des patients. En 2008, elle a eu la chance de continuer sa recherche en soins préventifs primaires à l’Université de la Colombie-Britannique dans le département de santé publique ainsi qu’à l’agence de cancer de la Colombie-Britannique. Dre Gotay demeure une leader au centre de prévention du cancer où elle travaille présentement avec ses collègues pour trouver des facteurs de risque modifiables du cancer et l’application d’interventions pour modifier ces comportements dans la population.
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Jerzak, Katarzyna J., Shaidah Deghan Manshadi, Pamela Ng, Manjula Maganti, Jeanna M. McCuaig, Marcus Bulter, Amit Oza und Helen J. Mackay. „Prevention of carboplatin-induced hypersensitivity reactions in women with ovarian cancer“. Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 24, Nr. 2 (17.11.2016): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155216679028.
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Background Carboplatin-based chemotherapy offers high response rates and improved overall survival for women with epithelial ovarian cancer, but its use is limited by the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions. To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic diphenhydramine for hypersensitivity reaction prevention, we reviewed the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions and identified patients at high risk of hypersensitivity reactions. Methods Women receiving ≥6 cycles of carboplatin-based chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer were identified from our institutional database at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre. Institutional policy was changed in 2009 to introduce diphenhydramine prophylaxis for patients receiving ≥6 cycles of carboplatin. Additional clinical data were abstracted from the patient record. Results Between 2006 and 2012, 450 women received ≥6 cycles of carboplatin-based chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer. Two hundred and ninety-one women received prophylaxis with diphenhydramine. Carboplatin-induced hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 41 of 449 patients (9%). Univariable predictors of carboplatin-induced hypersensitivity reactions included administration of 8 to 10 cycles of carboplatin, history of other drug allergies and a platinum-free interval >12 months. BRCA mutational status was not predictive. In a multivariable analysis, the number of cycles of carboplatin and a platinum-free interval >12 months were independent predictors of hypersensitivity reactions. There was a trend towards diphenhydramine prophylaxis reducing the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in women with a platinum-free interval compared to continuous delivery; this was most marked when the platinum-free interval was >12 months (n = 64) (OR: 0.2 (95% CI: 0.046–0.83), p = 0.03). Conclusions The administration of diphenhydramine to women who have a platinum-free interval may reduce the risk of hypersensitivity reaction, but prospective evaluation is required.
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Bhattacharjya, Himadri, Aghore Debbarma und Taranga Reang. „KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING PREVENTION OF CERVICAL CANCER AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF TRIPURA“. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 3, Nr. 67 (02.12.2014): 14430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2014/3936.
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Bhattacharjya, Himadri, Mousumi Sarkar und Nimaichand Luwang. „Knowledge and practice regarding prevention of cervical cancer among women attending a tertiary care centre of Tripura“. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health 2, Nr. 2 (2015): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/2394-6040.ijcmph20150521.
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Tóth, Veronika, Beáta Somlai, Judit Hársing, Zsófia Hatvani und Sarolta Kárpáti. „Stage distribution of malignant melanomas in a Hungarian centre“. Orvosi Hetilap 154, Nr. 25 (Juni 2013): 969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29629.
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Introduction: Survival of patients with malignant melanoma primarily depends on tumor stage. Hungarian National Cancer Registry does not specify tumors according to TNM stages. Aim: The authors aimed to survey the stage distribution of melanomas at the Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology, Semmelweis University. Method: 1160 patients (558 males and 602 females, aged 60.5±16 and 57±17 years, respectively) diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma between 2004–2009 were included. Results: In comparison with international studies, the case distribution was favorable in stages IA and IV, i.e. the proportion of early melanomas was relatively high (IA: 43.8%), while the incidence in stage IV was low (0.4%). In stages IB–IIA the incidence was significantly lower, while in IIC, IIIA, IIIB it was higher as compared to published data from Western-Europe, Australia and the United States. Conclusions: The study underlines the necessity of prevention and awareness campaigns that may result in increase of early diagnosis of melanomas. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 969–976.
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Riesz, Péter, András Rusz, Miklós Szűcs, Attila Majoros, Péter Nyírády, Attila Keszthelyi, Miklós Szűcs et al. „Prevention and managment possibilities of erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy“. Orvosi Hetilap 150, Nr. 18 (Mai 2009): 831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2009.28569.
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Radical prostatectomy is the curative surgical management of organ confined prostate cancer. Erectile dysfunction may follow surgery as the most common complication decreasing the quality of life of the patient. Thanks to spreading PSA screening probabilty increases to detect prostate cancer in its early stage and so the expected number of surgery is increasing, too. Higher number of operation as well as surgery more frequently performed in younger age calls the attention to the importance of erectile dysfunction and its management. Nowadays the physiology of erectile dysfunction due to radical prostatectomy has been revealed, and as a consequence, the nerve sparing surgery for its prevention is already known. The paper presents the different kind of possible invasive and non-invasive treatments of erectile dysfunction, and surveys their history and effectiveness. The erectile function of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1998 and 2007 at the Department of Urology and Urooncological Centre was assessed by IIEF- and MMM questionnaire and letters with questions of habit of medicine taking. The results showe that 59% of patients who require sexual life are capable of it spontaneously or with medical management.
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Оshyvalova, Оlena О., Oleg L. Ziukov und Vitaliy G. Gurianov. „PROGNOSTIC MODEL OF SKIN CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT“. Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, Nr. 5 (2019): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201905118.
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Introduction: Early detection of people at risk of skin cancer will reduce the incidence of disease, lower the cost of health technologies and decrease anxiety level in patients. The aim of the work is to create a prognostic model for identifying people at increased risk of skin cancer development. Material and methods: We used the results of our previous research on identifying risk factors in patients with actinic keratosis (AK), squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCis) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), who were under dynamic observation at the State Institution of Science “Research and Practical Centre of Preventive and Clinical Medicine” State Administrative Department (hereinafter SIS) in 2014-2017. Results: The prognostic model is valid, AUC = 0.97 (95% CI 0.96 – 0.99) showing a significant association of the risk of skin cancer development with the following factors: patient’s age, sunburns, using skin sunscreens, exposure to the sun in recent times, exposure to radiological materials, drug administration (antiarrhythmic drugs, antihypertensive medications, hormonal contraceptives, antibiotics), burdened family history (melanoma, squamous cell cancer). Model sensitivity was 95.1% (95% CI 91.6% - 97.4%), specificity – 88.5% (95% CI 84.6% - 91.8%). Conclusions: The developed and analysed mathematical risk prediction system made it possible to identify 11 factors which are significantly associated with risk of skin cancer development. The prognostic model might be offered for specialists in taking decision at the stage of primary and secondary prevention of skin cancer.
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Verma, Bhawna, Radha Rastogi, Dipti Srivastava und Saroj Saharan. „Colposcopic evaluation of cervix with abnormal papsmear findings: prospective analytical study at our tertiary care centre“. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, Nr. 5 (23.04.2021): 2036. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20211534.
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Background: Pap test has been successful in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer by 80% and mortality by 70%. Any women with a cytologic specimen suggesting the presence of HSIL on Pap smear should undergo colposcopy and dissected biopsy. Prevention of invasive cancer by early detection and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) currently offers the most cost effective, long term strategy for cervical cancer control. The aim of study was to minimise disagreements and make colposcopy assessment quick, accurate and easy for follow-up.Methods: Prospective analytical study of 300 gynaecological patients with abdominal Pap smear findings between June 2020 to Dec 2020 at R.N.T. Medical College, Udaipur. All of them were subjected to colposcopy and dissected biopsy from the abdominal areas. The incidence of CIN/invasive carcinoma was calculated by proportion/percentage.Results: Incidence of invasive carcinoma was <1% but the incidence of premalignant lesion CIN was high (20.9%), CIN 2/3 and CIS were present in 6.9%.Conclusions: Patients with persistent inflammation pap smear can harbour high proportion of CIN and hence these patients need further evaluation through colposcopy.
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Bisht, Mukesh, und Manoj Phalak. „NCMP-18. POST-OPERATIVE NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT /VASOSPASM AFTER CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA SURGERY: EVALUATION OF CAUSATIVE FACTORS AND PREVENTION“. Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi182—vi183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.763.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Referring to a rare post-operative complication associated with craniopharyngioma surgery, Vasospasm. A number of possible causative factors have been postulated, like tumour encasing vessel, handling of vessels during surgery, but none have been able to explain delayed complication. Thus, we have evaluated series of patients operated in a single centre, to look for the possible aetiology METHODS Patient’s data have been collected retrospectively in the past 4 year, from a single centre, and cases that developed post-operative neurological deficit/vasospasm, proven clinically and/or radiology were included. Of 116 patients operated 6 were found to have clinical deterioration, and were confirmed using transcranial Doppler and/or radiologically demonstrable vasospasm. Each case was analysed retrospectively, and relevant variables were studied. RESULTS Patients developed neurological deficit/vasospasm ranging from Post-operative day 2 to second week after surgery. 1 expired, 2 improved over time, and 3 had persisting deficits. On evaluation, fluid balance showed changes, with serum Sodium levels. However, change of status from high volume status to low volume status was seen in almost all. CONCLUSIONS Development of post-operative neurological deficit/vasospasm is usually a cumulative result of some intraoperative insult like vessel handling, which could be a predisposing factor, and various post-operative factors like change In volume status, serum electrolytes levels, hormone status levels. Most important of all is to have an early and low threshold level to diagnose it, as early detection and action may a significant and possibly preventable morbidity or mortality
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Jaiswal, Priyanka, Pankaj Banode, Diksha Agrawal, Pavan Bajaj, Deepika Masurkar und Amol Gadbail. „The Impact of COVID-19 on General and Dental Health“. Open Dentistry Journal 15, Nr. 1 (12.07.2021): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602115010310.
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COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a contagious infection caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). This novel virus was publicly announced as an infectious pathogen by the “Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention” on 8 January 2020. The World Health Organization named COVID-19 a pandemic crisis all over the world on March 11, 2020. Aged people and medically compromised people like patients with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are the vulnerable populations for developing an illness. A guideline has been postulated and described in the form of a journey map to avoid exposure of dental health care professionals to COVID-19. This review provides a comprehensive outlook for the current pandemic situation, its origin, spread, and preventive measures to be utilized in general and in dental practice.
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Ling, Winnie Hui Yee, Angela Pang und Soo-Chin Lee. „Hepatitis B reactivation risk in patients with solid tumors receiving single-agent capecitabine versus doxorubicin-based chemotherapy.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2012): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.1575.
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1575 Background: Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in cancer patients on chemotherapy is a challenge especially in Asia where HBV infection is endemic. Risk of HBV reactivation differs according to cancer type, chemotherapy regimen, and concomitant use of steroids. The United States Centre for Disease Control and Prevention recommends universal screening for chronic HBV infection for all patients before chemotherapy although screening for low-risk chemotherapy regimens may not be cost effective. Methods: We sought to assess and compare HBV reactivation risk and effectiveness of prophylactic anti-viral therapy in preventing HBV reactivation in patients receiving a ‘high-risk’ (doxorubicin-based) chemotherapy regimen for which prophylactic anti-viral therapy for hepatitis B carriers is generally accepted versus a ‘low-risk’ (single agent capecitabine) chemotherapy regimen for solid tumours at a tertiary cancer centre. The electronic medical records of eligible patients were reviewed between January 2007 and December 2010. Results: A total of 708 patients were identified, including 434 and 274 who received doxorubicin-based chemotherapy and single agent capecitabine respectively. HBV screening rate was 42.6% (51% for doxorubicin-based chemotherapy, 30% for single agent capecitabine, p<0.0001). 15/302 (5%) screened patients were found to be hepatitis B carriers (6 on doxorubicin, 9 on capecitabine). Overall, 3/708 patients (0.4%) developed HBV reactivation (all from the unscreened doxorubicin group, 3/214 (1.4%) compared to 0/192 (0%) unscreened patients in the capecitabine group, p<0.0001). All 15 identified hepatitis B carriers received prophylactic anti-viral therapy (14 received lamuvidine, 1 had entacavir) and none had HBV reactivation. Conclusions: Not all chemotherapy regimens are associated with risk of HBV reactivation. Routine hepatitis B screening and prophylaxis for low-risk chemotherapy regimens such as single agent capecitabine may add morbidity and may not be cost effective.
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Näf, Gabriela, Urs E. Gasser, Hans E. Holzgang, Sandra Schafroth, Christoph Oehler und Daniel R. Zwahlen. „Prevention of Acute Radiation-Induced Skin Reaction with NPE® Camellia Sinensis Nonfermentatum Extract in Female Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Postoperative Radiotherapy: A Single Centre, Prospective, Open-Label Pilot Study“. International Journal of Breast Cancer 2018 (02.07.2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2479274.
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Background. To assess effectiveness of NPE, a proprietary Camellia sinensis nonfermentatum (CSNF) extract, in prevention and recovery of acute radiation-induced skin reaction (ARSR) and skin care during postoperative whole breast radiotherapy (RT). Methods. Twenty patients were enrolled in this single centre, prospective, open-label pilot study. The outcomes of 20 prospective data sets were compared with 100 retrospectively collected matched data sets derived from hospital records. The preventive CSNF gel (2.5%) was administered 1 to 2 hours before each session on the irradiated fields. The care CSNF lotion (0.4%) was administered as 7-day pretreatment after each RT session, twice daily between RT sessions, and 4 to 8 weeks thereafter. The control group was treated according to the hospital care guidelines. The primary endpoint was time to ARSR ≥ Grade 2 (CTCAE v4.03); secondary endpoints were frequencies of ARSR grades 1, 2, 3, and 4, recovery of ARSR, frequencies of interruption and RT stop, complications and required rescue interventions, and tolerability of CSNF. Results. Time to ARSR ≥ G2 (censoring) was significantly longer (p = 0.014) in the CSNF group. The hazard ratio was 2.33 (95% CI: 1.15–4.72), demonstrating a 50% decrease in the risk of developing ARSR ≥ G2. There was a trend to faster recovery from ARSR G2 in the CSNF group (100% versus 47%; p = 0.078). The proportion of patients requiring rescue treatment during RT and follow-up was markedly higher in the control compared to the CSNF group (1% to 51% versus 0% to 15%). CSNF gel and lotion were well tolerated both during and after RT. Conclusions. This pilot study provides the first evidence on the potential pharmacological effectiveness of CSNF extract in prevention of RT-induced ARSR and recovery of skin irritation in patients undergoing postoperative whole breast RT and may reflect a novel concept for prevention of RT-induced ARSR and care of irritated skin.
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Antakia, R., R. Clifford, C. Shingles, G. Abbott, J. Evans, D. Monk und S. Saha. „Gallbladder polyps versus cancer: is there a role for prevention? Single centre six-year experience in management of gallbladder polyps“. HPB 21 (2019): S547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hpb.2019.10.097.
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Antakia, R., R. Clifford, C. Shingles, G. Abbott, J. Evans, D. Monk und S. Saha. „Gallbladder polyps versus cancer: is there a role for prevention? Single centre six-year experience in management of gallbladder polyps“. HPB 21 (2019): S894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hpb.2019.10.1037.
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Hin, Chu Man, und Chong Chung Hong. „Oncology Pharmacist’s Role and Impact on the Multidisciplinary Patient-Centre Practice of Oncology Clinic in Public Hospitals“. Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 14, Nr. 1 (15.04.2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v14i1.203.
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Oncology pharmacy service was developed and integrated into the multidisciplinary team of oncology clinic in 2013 at the United Christian Hospital aiming to enhance the holistic patient-centre practice of the clinic through the optimization of the safety and efficacy of anti-cancer treatment. This review aims to describe the role and impact of oncology pharmacists (OPs) in clinical setting to optimize anti-cancer treatment for cancer patients in a multidisciplinary care approach. From selection, prescribing, procurement to monitoring and patient education, OPs significantly contribute to the safety and effective use of anti-neoplastics in any circumstances. OPs provide professional advices to oncologists in choosing the appropriate anti-cancer agents for specific cancer and designing personalized anti-cancer treatment according to patients’ fitness and appropriateness for chemotherapy. Parenteral and oral chemotherapeutic agents carry heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when they are used in errors. Thus, OPs also develop standardized chemotherapy orders and ensure the final dose is appropriate in terms of both hematological and non-hematological responses and tolerability. Moreover, OPs play an important role in procuring anti-cancer drugs and sourcing alternative drug choices that will deliver similar clinical outcomes. In addition, OPs also assure the clinical integrity of anti-cancer drugs for full anti-neoplastic activity and safe administration of these drugs by nursing staff to minimize potential occupational risk. Most importantly, OPs play a vital role in providing direct patient care functions such as drug therapy monitoring and management (e.g. ensure that patients receive sufficient pre-medications for administration of anti-cancer drugs), and medication counseling for patients and their carers to better understand their anti-cancer treatment. The positive impact of integrating OPs into the multidisciplinary patient-center practice of oncology clinic includes (1) reduction in potentially life-threatening medication incidents and cancer drug administration errors in public hospitals; (2) collaboration with oncologists to select the most suitable cancer drug regimens for patients; (3) prevention of potential occupational risk to the healthcare professionals who handle cancer drugs; and (4) provision of optimal therapy treatment, monitoring and counseling to patients to reduce side effects and hospital readmission. The professional drug knowledge of OPs adds value to the multidisciplinary team in oncology clinics and the growth of OPs into effective direct patient care in oncology clinics should be encouraged to optimize medication-related outcomes.
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Cohen, Gali, Ilan Levy, Yuval, Jeremy D. Kark, Noam Levin, Guy Witberg, Zaza Iakobishvili et al. „Chronic exposure to traffic-related air pollution and cancer incidence among 10,000 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: A historical prospective study“. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 25, Nr. 6 (27.02.2018): 659–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487318760892.
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Background Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is considered to have a carcinogenic effect. The authors previously reported a nonsignificant association between TRAP and cancer risk in a relatively small cohort of myocardial infarction survivors. This study assessed whether TRAP exposure is associated with subsequent cancer in a large cohort of coronary patients. Methods & results Consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions in a major medical centre in central Israel from 2004 to 2014 were followed for cancer through 2015. Residential levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) – a proxy for TRAP – were estimated based on a high-resolution national land use regression model. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to study relationships with cancer. Among 12,784 candidate patients, 9816 had available exposure data and no history of cancer (mean age, 68 years; 77% men). During a median (25th–75th percentiles) follow-up of 7.0 (3.9–9.3) years, 773 incident cases of cancer (8%) were diagnosed. In a multivariable-adjusted model, a 10-ppb increase in mean NOx exposure was associated with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.15) for all-site cancer and 1.16 (95% CI 1.05–1.28) for cancers previously linked to TRAP (lung, breast, prostate, kidney and bladder). A stronger association was observed for breast cancer (HR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.12–1.83). Associations were slightly strengthened after limiting the cohort to patients with more precise exposure assessment. Conclusion Coronary patients exposed to TRAP are at increased risk of several types of cancer, particularly lung, prostate and breast. As these cancers are amenable to prevention strategies, identifying highly exposed patients may provide an opportunity to improve clinical care.
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Mathur, Prashant, Krishnan Sathishkumar, Meesha Chaturvedi, Priyanka Das, Kondalli Lakshminarayana Sudarshan, Stephen Santhappan, Vinodh Nallasamy, Anish John, Sandeep Narasimhan und Francis Selvaraj Roselind. „Cancer Statistics, 2020: Report From National Cancer Registry Programme, India“. JCO Global Oncology, Nr. 6 (September 2020): 1063–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.00122.
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PURPOSE The systematic collection of data on cancer is being performed by various population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) and hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs) across India under the National Cancer Registry Programme–National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research of Indian Council of Medical Research since 1982. METHODS This study examined the cancer incidence, patterns, trends, projections, and mortality from 28 PBCRs and also the stage at presentation and type of treatment of patients with cancer from 58 HBCRs (N = 667,666) from the pooled analysis for the composite period 2012-2016. Time trends in cancer incidence rate were generated as annual percent change from 16 PBCRs (those with a minimum of 10 years of continuous good data available) using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS Aizawl district (269.4) and Papumpare district (219.8) had the highest age-adjusted incidence rates among males and females, respectively. The projected number of patients with cancer in India is 1,392,179 for the year 2020, and the common 5 leading sites are breast, lung, mouth, cervix uteri, and tongue. Trends in cancer incidence rate showed an increase in all sites of cancer in both sexes and were high in Kamrup urban (annual percent change, 3.8%; P < .05). The majority of the patients with cancer were diagnosed at the locally advanced stage for breast (57.0%), cervix uteri (60.0%), head and neck (66.6%), and stomach (50.8%) cancer, whereas in lung cancer, distant metastasis was predominant among males (44.0%) and females (47.6%). CONCLUSION This study provides a framework for assessing the status and trends of cancer in India. It shall guide appropriate support for action to strengthen efforts to improve cancer prevention and control to achieve the national noncommunicable disease targets and the sustainable development goals.
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Kalita, O., Z. Sporikova, M. Halaj, K. Cwiertka, M. Vaverka, L. Hrabalek, R. Trojanec, M. Hajduch, J. Drabek und J. Vrbkova. „P14.68 Life expectancy in biopsied GBM patients: a single-centre experience“. Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_3 (August 2019): iii83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz126.303.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The prognosis for patients with GBM remains dismal. The most aggressive multimodal therapy (maximally radical and safe tumour resection, followed by the Stupp protocol oncotherapy) has yielded the best treatment outcomes. Only a small proportion of patients initially undergo brain tumour biopsy. Our aim is to evaluate therapy results of biopsied GBM patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We followed all glioma patients from June 1, 2006. Information on surgeries, patient clinical condition, imagings, and results of histological, immunohistochemical, molecular genetic, and cytogenetic investigations was gathered. For this study, we selected a group of biopsied GBM patients in a period from June 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016. Needle biopsy (stereotactic, or navigated) was advised for unresectable tumours, for patients with unfavourable clinical conditions (KS<60), and for older patients (with age being the only surrogate criterion). Whenever possible, the patients were recommended Stupp protocol oncotherapy. Clinical and MRI follow-up after surgery was carried out (OS, PFS) until the patient’s demise. RESULTS Sixty adult GBM patients (27 females and 33 males) with their age ranging from 30 to 85 years old and with a mean age of 66.8 years were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of GBM was established by biopsy. Fourteen of them (23%) had radiotherapy only. Five patients (8%) were able to receive the Stupp protocol oncotherapy. Forty-one patients (69%) had an unfavourable physical condition which was a contraindication to radiotherapy or chemotherapy, respectively. The average OS was 3.8 months. A limited number of samples were available for IDH status investigation. All of the seventeen GBMs were IDH wild-type. CONCLUSION The initial surgical treatment strategy in GBM patients must be in the hands of an experienced neurosurgeon. Biopsy is required even when no further tumour-specific therapy is recommended. Regardless of the treatment strategy (resection or biopsy), multisite tumour sampling should be acquired. In our opinion, a decision to perform needle biopsy should be restricted to patients with unfavourable clinical conditions (age, KS, comorbidities, etc.), to large and deep-located brain tumours very often involving midline structures (corpus callosum, thalamus, basal ganglia), and to older patients. In accordance with these principles, we selected a small GBM patient group (12% of all GBM patients) with very limited life expectancy. The rationale for brain tumour biopsy is prevention of histological misdiagnosis and collection of biomarker data. But only the limited size of the tissue samples obtained was a significant obstacle to comprehensive cytogenetic investigation. We also recommend not to include biopsied GBM patients in studies with patients who had a radical resection. Supported by Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, grant nr. NV19-04-00281.
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Gok Ugur, H., und I. Aydin Avci. „P38 The effect on knowledge and practices towards cancer early detection of healthy life style behaviours of women who applied the cancer early detection and prevention centre“. European Journal of Oncology Nursing 14 (April 2010): S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1462-3889(10)70102-2.
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Vishwakarma, Soniya, Rajani Rawat, Nupur Mittal und Pragya Shree. „Knowledge, attitude and practices about cervical cancer screening among nursing staff in rural tertiary care center“. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, Nr. 9 (27.08.2018): 3796. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183797.
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Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. The knowledge and attitude of nursing personnel towards cervical cancer screening can grossly influence the community. As the doctor to patient ratio is low in India, staff nurses if trained can act both as health educators and service providers. Objectives of the study were to determine the baseline information about the knowledge of cervical cancer and explore attitude and practice of Pap smear screening among staff nurses.Methods: In this cross-sectional study sample of 100 nurses was selected randomly out of the total 445 nurses employed in the hospital at a rural tertiary care centre from August 2016 to October 2016. A self-administered, structured, open ended and pretested questionnaire comprising of questions on the general characteristics, awareness, perceptions and actual practices of nursing personnel was used to gather information about cervical screening.Results: In this study, 82% knew that Pap smear can detect cancer. About 48% knew that it can present as post-menopausal bleeding and 32% of the respondents knew that HPV is a risk factor for cancer cervix, but only 30% knew about HPV vaccine and only 35% have ever been screened.Conclusions: The study showed that, knowledge about cancer cervix, screening and practice of Pap smear is low among nursing staff. There is an urgent need for integration of cervical cancer prevention issues in the nurses existing training curriculum.
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Fröhlich, Felix A., Fabian Halleck, Lukas Lehner, Eva V. Schrezenmeier, Marcel Naik, Danilo Schmidt, Dmytro Khadzhynov, Katharina Kast, Klemens Budde und Oliver Staeck. „De-novo malignancies after kidney transplantation: A long-term observational study“. PLOS ONE 15, Nr. 11 (30.11.2020): e0242805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242805.
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Background De-novo malignancies after kidney transplantation represent one major cause for mortality after transplantation. However, most of the studies are limited due to small sample size, short follow-up or lack of information about cancer specific mortality. Methods This long-term retrospective analysis included all adult patients with complete follow-up that underwent kidney transplantation between 1995 and 2016 at our centre. All patients with diagnosis of malignancy excluding non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) were identified and a matched control group was assigned to the kidney transplant recipients with post-transplant malignancies. Results 1417 patients matched the inclusion criteria. 179 malignancies posttransplant were diagnosed in 154 patients (n = 21 with two, n = 2 patients with three different malignancies). Mean age at cancer diagnosis was 60.3±13.3 years. Overall incidence of de-novo malignancies except NMSC was 1% per year posttransplant. Renal cell carcinoma was the most common entity (n = 49, incidence 4.20 per 1000 patient years; cancer specific mortality 12%), followed by cancer of the gastro-intestinal tract (n = 30, 2.57; 50%), urinary system (n = 24, 2.06; 13%), respiratory system (n = 18, 1.54; 89%), female reproductive system (n = 15, 1.29; 13%), posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders and haematological tumours (n = 14, 1.20; 21%), cancers of unknown primary (n = 7, 0.60 100%) and others (n = 22, 1.89; 27%). Male sex, re-transplantation and time on dialysis were associated with de-novo malignancies after transplantation. Conclusion De-novo malignancies continue to be a serious problem after kidney transplantation. To improve long-term outcome after Kidney transplantation, prevention and cancer screening should be more tailored and intensified.
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Gupta, H. P. „W409 STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE, AWARENESS AND PRACTICE OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING, AND PREVENTION AMONG THE FEMALE NURSING STAFF IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE“. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 119 (Oktober 2012): S837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(12)62130-4.
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Forjaz, Gonçalo, Joana Bastos, Clara Castro, Alexandra Mayer, Anne-Michelle Noone, Huann-Sheng Chen und Angela B. Mariotto. „Regional differences in tobacco smoking and lung cancer in Portugal in 2018: a population-based analysis using nationwide incidence and mortality data“. BMJ Open 10, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2020): e038937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038937.
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ObjectivesThis study aims to estimate the proportion of lung cancer cases and deaths attributable to tobacco smoking in Portugal in 2018, complemented by trends in incidence and mortality, by sex and region.DesignCancer cases for 1998–2011 and cancer deaths for 1991–2018 were obtained from population-based registries and Statistics Portugal, respectively. We projected cases for 2018 and used reported deaths for the same year to estimate, using Peto’s method, the number and proportion of lung cancer cases and deaths caused by tobacco smoking in 2018. We calculated the age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates in each year of diagnosis and death. We fitted a joinpoint regression to the observed data to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) in the rates.SettingPortugal.ResultsIn 2018, an estimated 3859 cases and 3192 deaths from lung cancer were attributable to tobacco smoking in Portugal, with men presenting a population attributable fraction (PAF) of 82.6% (n=3064) for incidence and 84.1% (n=2749) for mortality, while in women those values were 51.0% (n=795) and 42.7% (n=443), respectively. In both sexes and metrics, the Azores were the region with the highest PAF and the Centre with the lowest. During 1998–2011, the APC for incidence ranged from 0.6% to 3.0% in men and 3.6% to 7.9% in women, depending on region, with mortality presenting a similar pattern between sexes.ConclusionExposure to tobacco smoking has accounted for most of the lung cancer cases and deaths estimated in Portugal in 2018. Differential patterns of tobacco consumption across the country, varying implementation of primary prevention programmes and differences in personal cancer awareness may have contributed to the disparities observed. Primary prevention of lung cancer remains a public health priority, particularly among women.
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Kisiangani, Faith, Regina Gachari und Leah Jerop Komen. „Challenges of Communicating Cervical Cancer Screening Awareness and Uptake in Bungoma County, Kenya“. Networking Knowledge: Journal of the MeCCSA Postgraduate Network 12, Nr. 2 (12.09.2019): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31165/nk.2018.112.537.
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There have been ongoing cervical cancer campaigns in Kenya, targeting cervical cancer awareness and the need to go for cervical cancer screening (National Cervical Cancer Prevention Program, 2012). However, data depicts that there is a low level of screening and uptake among the rural population (ICO Information Centre on HPV and Cancer, 2014). This study adopted a descriptive research design, taking on qualitative data methods of focus groups discussions and in depth interviews, with a purpose of finding out the communication challenges of cervical cancer screening awareness and uptake among rural women in Bungoma County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were to: find out the communication channels used during the campaigns; and to understand the challenges of communicating cervical cancer screening messages to rural women in Bungoma County. A total of 40 women were interviewed from the Mt. Elgon Constituency in Bungoman County. The data was analysed by using QSR-Nvivo. The findings of the research showed that the main communication channels of cervical cancer were media, health education, and road shows. The main communication challenges of cervical cancer screening and uptake were: lack of cervical cancer terminology; inadequate information on the communication channels; and fear among women. There were low levels of cervical cancer awareness and uptake among the participants. One of the recommendations was the need for educating media personalities and other key health informants on cervical cancer for increase in uptake of screening services.
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Bhatt, Kinal Paresh, Jonathan Quinonez, Abhinav Patel, Mehrie Patel, Abdifitah Mohamed, Muhammad Ali Aziz, Deepa Venkataramani et al. „COVID-19 Pathophysiology and Clinical Effects on Multiple Organ Systems - A Narrative Review“. International Annals of Science 10, Nr. 1 (12.06.2021): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ias.10.1.151-167.
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Patients with comorbidities including Hypertension (HTN), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Asthma, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), and those who are immunocompromised are prone to more severe complications of COVID-19 and a higher rate of hospitalizations. In the United States, around 94% of COVID-19 deaths had an average of 2.6 additional conditions or causes per death. In a summary report published by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of 72,314 cases, case-fatality rate was elevated among those with preexisting comorbid conditions—10.5% for cardiovascular disease, 7.3% for diabetes, 6.3% for chronic respiratory disease, 6.0% for HTN, and 5.6% for cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to threaten people and healthcare systems globally and therefore the global economy. Currently, there is no cure or vaccine for COVID-19 and there is an urgent need to develop target therapies as we continue to learn more about this novel virus. Without therapeutic interventions, much of how we contain the viral spread is prevention through mitigation strategies (social distancing, face masks, supportive care). Early suspicion of COVID-19 symptoms with radiological and laboratory assessments may play a major role in preventing severity of the COVID-19. With this literature review we aim to provide review of pathophysiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its clinical effects on multiple organ systems.
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Revannasiddappa, Krishi Gowdra, Sreekala Sreehari und Shubha Shankari Manjunath. „Type Specific Human Papilloma Virus Prevalence and Distribution in Women with Abnormal Cervical Cytology: A Single Centre Retrospective Observational Study in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi“. New Emirates Medical Journal 2, Nr. 2 (27.07.2021): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0250688202666210622110227.
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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cervical cancer and premalignant dysplasia. The prevalence and distribution of different high-risk HPV genotypes can affect HPV vaccination strategies and the design of cervical cancer prevention programs. Objective: Here, we aimed to determine the prevalence of different HPV genotypes in women with abnormal Cervical cytology in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), evaluate correlations between HPV genotypes and the degree of cervical dysplasia, and observe distributions of HPV genotypes across age groups. Methods: The study included 442 women who underwent HPV genotyping at our institution between January 2018 and September 2019. A retrospective chart review was conducted for all 442 cases, and data were collected from hospital records. Results: The overall HPV positivity rate was 56.1%. The prevalence of high-risk HPV was 48%; 35.4% of patients had multiple high-risk HPV strains, whereas 64.6% had a single high-risk HPV strain. The most common high-risk HPV genotype was HPV-16 (15.2%), followed by HPV-31 (11.7%), HPV-53 (8.9%), HPV-66 (8.6%), and HPV-51 (8.3%). The prevalence of HPV-18 was only 3.8%. The high-risk HPV positivity rate Increased from 39% in women with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) to 81% in women with Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSILs), 81.3% in women with atypical squamous cells cannot rule out High-Frade Lesions, and 80% in women with High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSILs). The multiple high-risk HPV strain positivity rate increased from 32.4% in ASCUS to 44.7% in LSIL and 62.5% in HSIL. Increased HPV positivity rates and prevalence of HPV-16 were noted with increasing severity of cervical dysplasia. Decreased HPV positivity was observed with increasing age. Conclusion: Overall, because the prevalence and distribution of different high-risk HPV genotypes affect HPV vaccination strategies, our findings may be useful for the design of cervical cancer prevention programs.
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Iachetta, Francesco, Angela Damato, Candida Bonelli, Alessandra Romagnani, Maria Banzi, Davide Nicoli, Enrico Farnetti, Bruno Casali und Carmine Pinto. „The potential clinical impact of pre-emptive screening of multiple polymorphisms in gene-encoding DPD on patients candidate for fluoropyrimidine based-chemotherapy: An experience of the Northern Italy Cancer Centre.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2017): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.2567.
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2567 Background: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of fluorouracil. Deleterious polymorphisms in gene-encoding DPD ( DPYD) results in a DPD deficiency that causes life-threatening toxicities when the standard dose of fluorouracil is used. DPYD*2A (IVS14+1G > A) is the most common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with critical DPD deficiency. At present, most of the evidence supports screening for at least 3 SNPs (DPYD*2A, c.2846 A > T, c.1679T > G). The aim of this study is to confirm that the detection of additional polymorphisms of DPYD could enhance prevention of fluoropyrimidine toxicity. Methods: In 2011, we began to screen DPYD*2A in patients candidate for fluoropyrimidine based-chemotherapy. As the first step of the evaluation, we selected all cases of DPYD*2A wild type, from 2011 to 2012, who developed CTC-NCI-V.3 toxicity ≥ G3. In these patients, we researched the other 3 SNPs (c.2846 A > T, c.1679T > G, c.2194C > A). Mutational status was analyzed with real Time PCR. Results: From 2011 to 2016 we pre-emptively screened DPD deficiency in 1,863 patients and 32 subjects (1.6%), with results mutated for DPYD*2A. As the first step of the evaluation, 548 subjects were assessed from 2011 to 2012. We found 7 patients who were carriers of the DPYD*2A mutation (1.27%). Of the 541 wild type cases, 114 presented toxicities ≥ G3. In this subgroup, 22 patients (19%) proved to be mutated for the other SNPs of DPYP, as reported in the table below. Conclusions: Preliminary data show that in 22 (19%) of 114 patients who presented severe toxicity which was not correlated with DPYD*2A, we found other polymorphisms of gene encoding DPD. Out of the 3 SNPs evaluated, c.2194 C > A proved to be the most frequent, although it is the polymorphism that is least known and least studied. Such results suggest that the evaluation of additional polymorphisms could enhance the prevention of fluoropyrimidine toxicity. The results are expected to be clarified further in the second step, which is ongoing. [Table: see text]
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Sanyal, U. „A Unique Approach Toward Cancer and Tobacco Control Using Philately As Innovative Tool“. Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (01.10.2018): 131s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.22600.
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Background and context: Presently estimated annual cancer cases in India are ∼1 million new incidences and 0.6 million deaths leading to a serious problem. Tobacco habit is very common in India with estimated 330 million tobacco users and is attributed to ∼45% of all cancers. Presently each year ∼0.9 million Indians die due to tobacco related diseases including cancer. Aim: Thus combined awareness programs on cancer and tobacco are essential to educate people for avoiding risks of cancer and other diseases. Strategy/Tactics: In our unique approach, we have included in the PowerPoint & other presentations anticancer and antitobacco philatelic items along with up-to-date data, pictures etc. Cancer awareness presentation is divided in 28 sections covering cause, treatment, detection etc. emphasizing prevention in respect of dietary and lifestyle habits. In our pioneer paper, we have demonstrated that anticancer and other stamps can be used to describe different aspects of cancer covering 12 sections. Further based on universally accepted “caution” describing seven danger signals of cancer, we have created equivalent words in two Indian languages namely Bengali and Hindi spoken by ∼215 and ∼490 million people worldwide. These are included in our presentations to aware people about its symptoms. Our philatelic display on tobacco is divided in 19 sections including tobacco associated diseases, tobacco and women and children, quitting tips etc. Outcomes: Since 2002, we have conducted ∼230 awareness programs in various organizations in urban and rural areas in individual capacity and as Principal Investigator, Tobacco Cessation Centre, Kolkata, during 2005-09. It is found that irrespective of age and educational status, everybody understands the message conveyed through this visual display. A section of people has quitted the tobacco habit while another section could reduce tobacco consumption significantly. Further we have published 70 and 40 write-ups on cancer and tobacco respectively in several widely circulated Indian newspapers, magazines etc. that have reached the community. We have also delivered radio and TV talks. All these efforts have helped, to some extent, to control cancer and tobacco in India. Based on this work I have received prestigious 'I'm like me' award in the preventive healthcare category of the most circulated Bengali newspaper group in West Bengal. This large collection of stamps on cancer has been recognized as the world Record and published in Limca Book of Records 2018 page 30. What was learned: It is learnt that along with other methods this philatelic approach may be adopted for getting excellent results.
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Kurnikova, E. E., I. G. Khamin, V. V. Shchukin, T. V. Shamanskaya, M. S. Fadeeva, D. E. Pershi und P. E. Trakhtman. „Apheresis of peripheral blood stem cells in children with very low body weight: a single centre experience“. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology 19, Nr. 2 (02.07.2020): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2020-19-2-152-159.
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Polychemotherapy, accompanied by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, can improve the results of long-term survival of patients with cancer and some non-cancer diseases. Mobilizing and collecting hematopoietic stem cells in children with very low body weight can be a difficult task. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology. 19 children with extremely low body weight was included in the current study. The median age was 8 (5–14) months, the median of body weight 7.5 (5.8–8.8) kg. Apheresis was performed in an ICU, using sedative therapy and in compliance with the conditions for the prevention of anemia, hypovolemia, hypothermia. 19 hematopoietic stem cell apheresis were performed using the Spectra Optia MNC separator program. Mobilization of CD34+ cells was performed with filgrastim; three children were additionally given plerixaphor. All 19 hematopoietic stem cell apheresis were successful: the median of collected CD34+ cells was 18.7 × 106/kg (8.6– 60.6 × 106/kg), the median apheresis duration was 204 (161–351) min. Serious side effects during apheresis were not recorded, however, in 6 children (31%) we encountered difficulties in the process of installing central venous access. The collection of hematopoietic stem cells for the future high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cells is a feasible task even for very young children with extremely low body weight. Correct preparation for manipulation, taking into account all possible risk factors and technical features, can avoid serious complications.
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Gandhi, L. „Mission Cancer Control -India Awareness. Advocacy. Prevention and Early Detection. As a Social Commitment Global Marwari Charitable Foundation Is Working Tirelessly by Providing Entirely Free of Cost, Awareness Seminars, Screening and Free Treatment Advocacy With Government“. Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (01.10.2018): 141s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.70300.
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Background and context: India is leading nation as a technology provider to world's developed countries. But at the same time India is lagging behind in many aspects, like heath services in rural area as well as in semiurban areas. In the absence of proper awareness, nonavailability of basic health services unhygienic living conditions and for many such reasons ratio of death to various illness is very high compare with developed countries. Cancer is the second biggest cause in India after cardiac diseases for death. Deaths due to cancer also has a different reasons and causes. Cancer statistics in India · Estimated number of people living with the disease: around 2.5 million · Every year, new cancer patients registered: over 7 lakh · Cancer-related deaths: 5,56,400 Aim: Considering this facts Global Marwari Charitable Foundation (GMCF-INDIA) decided to run “Mission Cancer Control – India” a mission of awareness, advocacy, prevention and early detection with treatment of poor people diagnosed for cancer. Program/Policy process: The first mobile cancer detection centre was established in the year 2013, which consists facility of mammogram, biopsy, digital X-ray, digital CR, CBC machine, dental chair etc. In India rural area doesn't have basic medical facilities. Facilities for cancer detection is day dream in 75% states in urban areas also. The overcome this and to save the lives of thousands of people, GMCF has started this mission and is successfully running this since last six years. Our mobile detection centre has traveled across 22 states and organized more than 400 special cancer screening camps and screened more than 80,000 people. Outcomes: Result of this screening, detected 1285 cancer patients, who don't know about their diseases. They got timely treatment and most of these could save lives. Major issue we noticed in our mission is that common people, uneducated people still have great fear of word cancer, we organize community wise awareness lectures, to give them confidence and make them prepare for screening. Another issue of concern for nonscreening attitude is poor financial position, we met many people who even can’t afford 1 dollar for screening. What was learned: Though we run our project on 100% charitable basis. So we don't charge single penny for screening. But many still hesitate as they are afraid if found positive for cancer. They cannot afford treatment, this is very serious issue of concern. We assure them for free treatment also if they found positive in tests. During our last six years practical experience we noticed following major concerns of growing cancer deaths in India. 1. Literacy 2. Lack of awareness 3. Daily contact with pesticides and fertilizers for labor, particularly women labor working in farms 4. Poor financial condition 5. Lack of facilities for screening as well as for treatment. 6. Expensive treatment
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Witjes, W., T. Tammela und M. Wirth. „Effectiveness of zoledronic acid for the prevention of bone metastases in high risk prostate cancer patients: A randomised, open label, multicenter study of the European Association of Urology (EAU) in cooperation with the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Urologische Onkologie (AUO). An initial report of the “ZEUS” study“. Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, Nr. 18_suppl (20.06.2006): 14644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.14644.
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14644 Background: Patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) are at high risk of developing bone metastases resulting in clinically significant skeletal morbidity and debilitating bone pain. Zoledronic acid (ZA) significantly reduced the incidence and delayed the onset of skeletal complications and provided durable pain reduction compared with placebo in patients with PC metastatic to bone. Methods: We started a European study investigating the effect of ZA in the prevention of PC bone metastases in patients with high risk PC. This prospective, multi-centre, randomised, open-label study, the ZA EUropean Study (ZEUS), aims at randomising 1300 patients within 3 years in 13 European countries and Turkey. Patients are randomised for standard PC therapy plus 4 mg ZA intravenously every 3 months for a period of 48 months or standard PC therapy alone. Results: Presently, we have randomised 484 patients with a mean age of 67 years (range 45–86) in 13 countries. All patients had at least one of the following high risk prognostic factors: 281 (58%) patients had a PSA ≥ 20 ng/ml, 140 (29%) patients had lymphnode positive disease and 286 (59%) patients had a Gleason of 8–10. 124 (26%) patients had a PSA ≥ 20 ng/ml and a Gleason of 8–10; 60 (12%) patients had a PSA ≥ 20 ng/ml and N1 disease and 64 (13%) patients had a Gleason of 8–10 and N1 disease. 244 (50%) patients underwent a prior prostatectomy or radiotherapy with curative intent and 303 (63%) patients received hormonal treatment. The randomisation arms were equally distributed amongst prognostic groups, centres and countries. Conclusions: The ZEUS study is designed to evaluate if ZA can contribute in preventing or delaying bone metastases in high risk PC patients. Presently, the majority (59%) of patients have a Gleason of 8–10 or a PSA ≥ 20 ng/ml (58%) and they receive hormonal treatment (63%). Half (50%) of the patients underwent a prior prostatectomy or radiotherapy with curative intent. This is representative for the PC population that is at high risk for developing bone metastases. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Sitompul, Irvin R. H., Putu A. Yoga, Regina T. Rosa, Selvi N. Shahab, Vizzi A. F. Nasution, Muhammad Reza und Kartiwa H. Nuryanto. „Overview Knowledge of Reproductive Aged Women of the Prevention and Early Detection of Cervical Cancer at Cakung Sub-District Community Health Centre in 2015“. Advanced Science Letters 23, Nr. 7 (01.07.2017): 6984–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.9449.
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Grudziak, Joanna. „Etiology of major limb amputations at a tertiary care centre in Malawi“. Malawi Medical Journal 31, Nr. 4 (31.12.2019): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v31i4.5.
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IntroductionAmputations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) represent an important cause of disability and economic hardship. LMIC patients are young and suffer from preventable causes, such as trauma and trauma-related infections. We herein studied the etiology in amputations in a Malawian tertiary care hospital over a 9-year period.Methods Operative and anaesthesia logs at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Lilongwe, Malawi, were reviewed for 2008–2016. Baseline demographic and clinical variables and type of amputation performed were collected. Only major limb amputations, defined as above or below the knee, above or below the elbow, and above the wrist, were included in this study. Results A total of 610 patients underwent 630 major amputations during the study period. Of these, 170 (27%) patients were female, and the median age of the cohort was 39 (interquartile range [IQR] 25–55). Of these patients, 345 (54.8%) had infection or gangrene recorded among the indications for amputation, 203 (32.2%) had trauma, 94 (14.9%) had cancer and 67 (10.6%) had documented diabetes. Women underwent diabetes-related amputations more often than men (37 out of 67, or 56.1%), and were significantly younger when their amputations were due to diabetes (median age 48 vs 53 years old, P=0.004) or trauma (median age 21 vs 30 years old, P=0.02). The commonest operative procedures were below the knee amputations, at 271 (43%), and above the knee amputations, at 213 (33.8%). ConclusionAmputations in Malawi affect primarily the young, in the most economically productive time of their lives, in contrast to amputees in high-income countries. Preventable causes, such as infection and trauma, lead to the majority of amputations. These etiologies represent an important primary prevention target for public health efforts in LMICs.
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Dwivedi, Gunjan, Manoj Kumar, Vikas Gupta, Amit Sood und Uma Patnaik. „A clinical study of cisplatin induced ototoxicity in head and neck malignancies“. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, Nr. 4 (27.06.2019): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20192727.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Head and neck malignancies are the sixth most common cancers worldwide, a vast majority of these cases is squamous cell carcinomas. Cisplatin is one of the main modalities of treatment. However it leads to dose dependent ototoxicity. The aim was to determine the cisplatin induced ototoxicity in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. The objectives are: (1) to determine the severity and type of hearing loss; (2) to determine the effects on the vestibular system; (3) to correlate the cause effect relationship to dosage and duration of treatment; and (4) to devise a protocol for early detection and prevention of ototoxicity.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted over 50 randomly selected head and neck cancer patients at malignat diseases treatment centre (MDTC) of a tertiary care centre in Eastern India at Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata between October 2008 and October 2010. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 22% of the patients developed cochlear ototoxicity. No patient had any vestibulotoxic effects.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Cisplatin manifests with dose dependent ototoxicity. Pre as well as post treatment audiometric monitoring may help to provide early evidence of decreased hearing ability, leading to the possible limitation of the severity of ototoxicity.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
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Shetty, Nitin, Nivedita Chakrabarty, Amit Joshi, Amar Patil, Suyash Kulkarni, Navin Khattry, Sudeep Gupta et al. „Incidence of COVID-19 infection amongst the high risk versus low risk health care workers: an audit from a tertiary cancer care centre“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, Nr. 7 (25.06.2021): 3474. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212604.
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Background: Theoretically, health care workers (HCW) are at increased risk of getting infected with COVID-19 compared to the general population. Limited data exists regarding the actual incidence of COVID-19 infection amongst the high risk and low risk HCW of the same hospital. We present an audit from our tertiary cancer care centre comparing the COVID-19 infection rate between the high risk and low risk HCW, all of whom had been provided with adequate protective measures and health education.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study from 01 April 2020 to 30 September 2020, in which all the 970 HCW of Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer were divided into high risk and low risk groups. High risk HCW included all the medical and non-medical staff directly involved with the care of COVID-19 patients, and rest were low risk HCW. Adequate protective measures and classes for infection prevention were provided to all the HCW. We calculated the incidence of COVID-19 infection in both these groups based on the positive real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result and also looked for any significant difference in incidence between these two groups.Results: The incidence of COVID-19 infection amongst the high risk HCW was 13% and that of low risk HCW was 14%.Conclusions: We found no significant difference in COVID-19 infection between the high risk and low risk HCW. Thus, along with protective measures, behavior modifications induced by working in high risk areas, prevented the high risk HCW from getting increased COVID-19 infection compared to the low risk HCW.